2013届《英语国家社会与文化》期末复习题
I. Explain the following terms:
1. Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the United States of
America. He participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making the US Constitution.
2. King Arthur
It is said that he was the King of England in the 15th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends
II. Choose the best answer.
1. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.
A. the Normans
B. the Celts
C. the Iberians
D. the Anglo-Saxons
2. The largest lake in Britain is _____.
A. the Lough Neage
B. Windermere Water
C. Coniston Water
D. the Lake District
3. Which part of Britain is always fighting?
A. England B . Scotland C. Wales D. Northem Ireland
4. The Tories were the forerunners of _______ , which still bears the nickname today.
A. the Labour Party
B. the Liberal Party
C. the Social Democratic Party
D. the Conservative Party
5. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the
_______ Movement.
A. Boycott
B. Civil Rights
C. Segregation
D. Integration
6. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.
A. James Madison
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. Alexander Hamilton
D. George Washington
7. The Renaissance began in ______ in the early _______ century.
A. England, 14
B. England, 15
C. Italy, 14
D. Italy, 15
8. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.
A. the Industrial Revolution
B. the Bourgeois Revolution
C. the Wars of the Roses
D. the Religious Reformation
7. British Recorded history began with _____.
A.Roman invasion
B. the Norman Conquest
C. the Viking and Danish invasion
D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion
8. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.
A. receive completely free education
B. receive partly free education
C. receive no free education if their families are rich
D. receive no free education at all
9. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.
A. largest
B. second largest
C. third largest
D. fourth largest
10. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.
A. the First Continental Congress
B. the Second Continental Congress
C. the Third Continental Congress
D. the Constitutional Convention
11. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?
A. In the southeast of England.
B. In the northeast of England.
C. In the southeast of Scotland.
D. In the northeast of Scotland.
12. In the aerospace industry, which of the following countries is ahead of Britain ？
A. Germany.
B. The U.S.
C. Russia.
D. France.
13. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?
A. Boeing.
B. Rolls Royce.
14. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of
the miserable life of the _____.
A. early settlers
B. Puritans
C. native Indians
D. black slaves
15. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?
A. Boeing.
B. Rolls Royce.
C. McDonnel-Douglas.
D. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.
16. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors.
Which is the exception ?
A. Harvard University
B. the State University of New York
C. Yale University
D. Princeton University
17. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income
except ___________.
A. investment
B. student tuition
C. endowments
D. government funding
18. Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession?
A. Germany.
B. Japan.
C. Britain.
D. France.
19. Which of the following book is written by Geoffrey Chaucer？
A. The Canterbury Tales
B. Beowulf
C. King Lear
D.Morte D’ Arthur
20. Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism ?
A. Keats.
B. Shelley.
C. Wordsworth.
D. Defoe.
21. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare ?
A. Doctor Faustus.
B. Macbeth.
C. Frankenstein.
D. The Tempest.
22. The following were the main Reformation leader except ___________.
A. Martin Luther
B. Martin Luther King
C. John Calvin
D. The English King Henry VIII
23. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to
____________
A. private school.
B. independent schools.
C, state school. D. public school.
24. Which of the following is privately funded university in Britain ?
A. The University of Cambridge.
B. The University of Oxford.
C. The University of Edinburgh.
D. The University of Buckingham.
25. In the examination called “ the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to
________
A. grammar school
B. comprehensive schools
C. public schools
D. technical schools
26. In Britain most advertising is carried ___________
A. in newspaper.
B. in magazines.
C. on television
D. on radio.
27. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper ?
A. The Telegraph
B. The news of the World.
C. The Guardian.
D. The Times.
28. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism ?
A. Catholics.
B. Puritains.
C. Quakers.
D. Church of England.
29. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Open University ?
A. It’s open to everyone.
B. It requires no formal educational qualifications.
C. No university degree is awarded.
D. University courses are followed through TV, radio，correspondence，etc.
30.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American
Revolution ?
A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.
B. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American Indiana.
C. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with blacks.
D. The American had the mixed blood of English and their descendants only.
31. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.
A. 900
B. 290
C. 90
D. 50
32. The expenditure in American public school is guided or decided by_______.
A. teachers.
B. the students.
C. headmasters.
D. boards of education.
33. In the United States school system, which of the following division is true ?
A. Elementary school, grammar school
B. Elementary school, junior high school .
C. Elementary school, secondary school
D. Junior high school, senior high school.
34. What did Frank Whittle do in 1937?
A. He invented the first jet plane.
B. He developed the first jet engine.
C. He made the first powered flight.
D. He made the trans-Atlantic flight.
35. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except
_____.
A. Yale
B. Harvard
C. Oxford
D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
36. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.
A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons
B. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords
C. the Queen, the House of Commons
D. the Queen, the House of Lords
37. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the
first settlers in the North America.
A. 1620, London
B. 1620, Plymouth
C. 1720, London
D. 1720, Plymouth
38. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.
A. New Mexico
B. the Louisiana Territory
C. Kansas
D. Ohio
39. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher
_____.
A. Paul Revere
B. John Locke
C. Cornwallis
D. Frederick Douglass
40. The English Civil War is also called _____.
A. the Glorious Revolution
B. the Bloody Revolution
C. the Catholic Revolution
D. the Puritan Revolution
41. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____
great population movement in the history of the United States.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
Part III. Translate the following into Chinese: 10%
Norman Conquest 诺曼底征服
King Alfred 阿尔弗雷德国王
Julius Caesar 尤利乌斯·凯撒Constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制度
The Monarchy 君主制
The House of Lords 上议院
The House of Common 下议院
The battle of Hastings 黑斯廷斯战役
Parliament 议会，国会
The Great Charter 大宪章
The Glorious Revolution 光荣革命The Wars of Rose 玫瑰战争
Bloody Mary 血腥玛丽
The Great lakes 五大湖
Puritanism 清教主义
Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程
Joan of Arc 圣女贞德
Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记
The Origin of Species 物种起源The English Renaissance 英国文艺复兴Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯·培根
the Enclosure Movement 圈地运动The Black Death 黑死病
The Industrial Revolution 工业革命
The Declaration of Independence 独立宣言
George Washington 乔治·华盛顿
Thatcherism 撒切尔主义
Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔
The Marshall Plan 马歇尔计划
The New Deal （罗斯福）新政
public schools 公立学校
comprehensive schools 综合学校
VI. Translate the following into Chinese:
1. The first English settlement in North America
The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English King. The Colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into colony of Virginia. In 1619, the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses, and the same time they bought and enslaved black servants. These two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the United States later.
2. The Open University
The Open University was founded in Britain in the 1960s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons. It’ open to everyone and does not demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other
universities. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, video and a net work of study centres. At the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree.
3."The City"
“The City” refers to the historic area at the centre of London. It is one of the biggest financial centres in the world with the greatest concentration of banks, insurance companies and business dealing in commodities. At the heart of the city is the London stock Exchange
4. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?
The Norman Conquest of 1066 is one of the best known events in English history. It brought about many consequences.
William confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.
初中英语语言与文化的关系 学习任何一门外语，都不仅要掌握语音是、语法、词汇和习语，而且还要知道和熟识使用该语种的人如何看待事物，如何观察世界；要了解他们如何用他们的语言来反映他们的思想、习惯和行为；更要了解他们社会的文化，语言是文化的一部分，并对文化起着重要作用。它们之间互相影响、互相作用；理解语言必须了解文化，理解文化必须了解语言。 我们学习应用外语，目的是为了交际，并且是跨文化的交际，故此必然涉及不同的习俗文化、不同的世界观、人生观；不同的思维方式、行为方式和生活方式；以及不同的政治信仰和宗教信仰等。我们所指的文化，并不单纯是狭义上所指的文学、音乐、美术等，而更广义上所指的：一个社会所具有的独特的信仰、习俗、制度、目标和技术的总模式。所以在跨文化的交往中，没有这些的深入认识，只局限地以自己母语文化中所形成的各种思维方式、行为方式，习俗观和世界观去和外国人进行交往，必然会形成不同文化观念在某个话题或论点方面的冲突和不快。 在初中阶段的英语教学中，英语教学工作者更多地强调了“听”“说”“读写”四大技能的培养及素质教育在教材的安排和教学时间的分配上，忽略了英语文化的进一步的学习、了解和渗透。同时，作为素质教育，我们在语言教学中，应尽量多地全方位体现该语言范畴的文化现象、文化特征。虽然对事物的理解受到年龄、职业、信仰、思维等影响，但对于初中学生来说，他们应该可以理解在欧美国家最常用的成语、谚语、格言和典故。这些内容在教材中安排得并不多，尽管 有 "A friend in need is a friend indeed" "An apple a day keeps the doctor away","There os a will, there is a way"------ 等等。但我认为仍不足够，英语文化中，常用的谚语还很多，而
判断题 第一单元 1、Britain is no longer an imperial（帝国）country(T) 2、The Commonwealth（英联邦）of Nations includes all European countries(F) 3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity（种族）(F) 4、The stereotype（刻板印象）of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people(T) 5、When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes(T) 6、The Scots and Welsh（苏格兰和威尔士）have a strong sense of being British(F) 7、Scotland（苏格兰）was never conquered by the Romans（罗马人）(T) 8、Most people in Scotland speak the Celtic（凯尔特）language, called “Gaelic” (F) 9、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means(T) 10、Wales（威尔士）is rich in coal（煤炭）deposits（存款）(T) 11、Cardiff（卡迪夫）, the capital of Wales, is a large city(F) 12、The title of Prince（王子）of Wales is held by a held by a Welsh according to tradition(F) 第二单元 1、Ireland is part of Great Britain(F) 2、“Ulster（阿尔斯特）”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom（王国）(T) 3、The capital of Belfast（贝尔法斯特）is a large city with half a million people(F) 4、Northern Ireland is significant（重要的）because of its manufacturing（制造业）industry(F) 5、The majority of Irish people were descendants（后代）of the original Celtic（凯尔特）people who inhabited British Isles（群岛）before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago(T) 6、Most British people are Protestants（新教徒）while most Irish people are Catholics（天主教徒）(T) 7、The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland(T) 8、Sinn Fein（新芬党）is a legal political party in Northern Ireland(T) 9、The Anglo-Irish（岗格鲁-爱尔兰）Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist （政府军）Protestant community（社区）their to decide their future in Northern Ireland(T) 10、The Good Friday Agreement（协议）was approved on 10 April 1998(T) 11、Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions（司法管辖区）: thatf Republic（共和国）of Ireland that of Great Britain(F) 第三单元 1、It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy（民主）in the world(F) 2、In Britain, the process of state-building（国家建设）has been one of evolution rather than revolution, contrast to France and the US（与法国和美国相比）(T)
A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这是一个什么在许多方面 是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。 一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的 重要性。英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的 维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而 不是其英联邦成员资格。它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。 这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能 总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。因此，在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑，必须使这些分歧，例如：一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴，如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士？她是苏格兰和女性，并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。 但是，这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个，也许是最简单的，不同的是分裂联 合王国。有人已经指出，英国现在是一个多种族社会，这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化，这与他们并肩坐在一起，与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面，例如，许多穆斯林，而大多数（名英国人至少）是基督教徒。并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实，男人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。此外，英国经济分为：它是一个阶级结构的社会。很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性，因为结构的过程中，大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度，但它确实可以说，对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。一名工厂工人，他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪，父亲是一名股票经纪人，不同的文化：他们将倾向于读不同的报纸，看不同的电视节目，用不同的说话口音，在做不同的事情他们的自由时间，对自己的孩子有不同的期望。 另一个不同之处，这标志着英国社会就是区域。即使在四个国家，每个地区的不同：高 地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义，例如：北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同，但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图，只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。然而，有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础，南部平均较富裕的北方。 部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别，这标志着英国社会，一个可以看到在许多社会中， 但有可能尤其明显，在英国，也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。伦敦是在该国南部，并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。这是迄今为止该国最大的城市，约占全国人口的七分之一，它是政府的所在地，它是文化中心，这里是所有的主要报纸，电视台，与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊，剧院和博物馆。此外它是商业中心，在英国大公司总部的绝大多数，是国家的金融中心，三个主要的国际金融中心之一。因此，它结合了北京，上海，广州，还是纽约，华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能，在一个城市。并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用，也许西安呢！伦敦是英国的经济和文化生活的巨大影响力，并在一定程度上在其阴影的国家
《英美概况》教学大纲 一、课程说明. 1. 课程代码：107013841 2. 课程中文名称：英美概况 3. 课程英文名称：The Society and Culture of Major English Speaking Countries — an Introduction 4. 课程总学时数：32 5. 课程学分数：2 6. 授课对象: 英语专业二年级学生 7.本课程的性质、地位和作用 《英美概况》是英语专业本科的一门专业任选课。本课程以英语为媒介，比较系统地向学生阐述世界主要英语国家的社会与文化背景，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。它是英语专业学生学习英语专业其它语言基础课和在高年级阶段学习英语文学和翻译等课程的基础。本课程的教学可以提高学生在跨文化语言运用过程中对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，从而改善学生的跨文化语言运用能力。 二、教学基本要求 1.本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的在于让英语专业学生了解和熟悉主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，掌握其地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活与文化传统等方面的基本知识，扩大知识面，丰富文化修修养，加深对英语国家语言、文化和文学的理解，提高分析判断能力。 2.本课程的教学要求 本课程的基本要求是让学生掌握英美两个典型英语语言国家的历史与社会文化背景、民族特点、当前现状及发展前景。通过本课程的学习，学生除掌握有关英美两国的社会基本构成、文化传统、经济科技发展等基本知识外，同时也提高自身对英文社科类书籍的阅读能力，从而进一步提高自己的英语水平。 在课程的教学过程中，教师也可适当向学生推荐一些反映英美国家文化的优
The Relation between Language and Culture Abstract: Different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Knowing the language and cultural backgrounds can help our communication. Instead, it will cause many communicative barriers. In this paper, we summarize the relationship between language and culture. And example to explain it’s impact on cross-culture communication. 摘要：不同的国家有不同的语言和文化，语言和文化是相互依赖、相互影响的，语言是文化的重要载体，另一方面，文化对语言也有制约作用。了解语言文化知识有助于我们的交际。相反地，缺乏语言文化背景知识必然会导致交际障碍。本文列举了语言与文化的关系，并举例说明了这种关系对跨文化交际的影响。 key words: language, cultures, relationship, communication 关键词：语言，文化，关系，交际 1. Introduction As we all know that different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Language plays a very important role in all human activity. It’s one of the indispensable part of the social life of human. You can not imagine the world would be without language. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of human language is so mystical that people do not acquaint it entirely so far. Culture is the product of social life and national spirit. In other words, culture is the genetic code of difference among the various nation, country and region. Every country has its own culture formation and individuality. This special culture is one of the most important source of affinity and cohesion of a country. For this reason, we must protect and develop the culture of the various nation, country and region, keep variety of our global culture. 2. Relationship between language and culture Relationship between language and culture can be summarized as the following: (1). Language is part of culture. Like other cultural phenomenon, language is also a social phenomenon, it occurred with the production of society, and develops with the development of society. The language is with nationality, different nationalities often have different languages; Language is also human creation. It is the most important spiritual wealth of human society .We can say that language has all the attributes of culture, so language is also a kind of culture, one of the many cultural phenomenons. The human language is not only an integral part of culture, and also the most important part. (2).Language is the main carrier of culture. Although language is part of culture, other cultural phenomenon generally can't exist being independent from language. Only through language, culture can be preserved, extended and spread.
Language and Culture I firmly believe that language and culture are familiar with everyone on earth. Nevertheless, I don’t think everyone is clear about the real meaning of language and culture. On this basis, this essay will explain some basic information about language and culture, including what is language, what is culture and the relationship between language and culture. What’s more, quite a number of examples will be cited to help you have a better understanding of language and culture. Let’s begin with the concept of language. When we put a key word “language”into the online Wikipedia(维基百科)，which is a free encyclopedia to people all over the world, we find that language is defined as the human capacity for acquiring and using complex system of communications , and a language is any specific example of such a system. From this definition, we have a clear consciousness towards language. When we look into the Oxford English-Chinese Dictionary, Language is divided into several meanings as follow：1. use of words in an agreed way as a method of human communications 2. system of words of a particular community or country etc. 3. faculty of speech 4. system of symbols and rules for writing computer programs 5. any method of communication.6. professional or specialized vocabulary. Besides, I have also learned the definition of language from my linguistics class. In the book A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English(新编
一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each) 1. In England more than ___1__ of its population living in cities ,and about 2% of the population working in agriculture, so England is a highly urbanized country . 2. In the year of ____2_____,the first permanent settlement in North America was established, in today's Virginia . 3.Ralph Waldo Emerson, a American transcendentalist, published a startling book called __3__,he claimed by studying and respecting to nature individual could reach a higher spiritual state without form religion . 4.The U.S. federal government consist of the following three branches the executive , _____4_____and the judicial. 5.One advantage of 5 over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has limited liability, so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets 6.The best -known stock exchange is New York Stock Exchange located in _____6_____area of New York City 7.WASP stands for _______7______. 8.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland,_______8_______and Poland. 9.The Letherstocking Tales, they refer to the five novels written by9. 10.A collection of poems written by Walt Whitman , it is a ground-breaking book. That is 10 11.An jazz music ensemble of musicians consists of two sections: ________11________ and the percussion. 12. G.R.E and M.B.A. stand for Graduate Record Examination and __________12________ in U.S education. 13.In the U.S., B.A. and B.S. stand for ________13_________and Bachelor of Science in higher education. 14.The two most well known computer companies are ______14_______ and Apple in the United States. 15.Now the largest software company is _____15___________whose director is Bill Gates in the United States. 16.Two Scottish cities which have a ancient and internationally respected universities, they are Edinburgh and _______16____________. 17.The Britain, the official head of state is now ________17_______ while the real center of political life is in the House of Commons .
希腊罗马神话与英语语言文化 谢鼎时 08电子商务2班 0820420208 摘要：古希腊神话的内容极为丰富，它对于英语语言文化有巨大的影响。就比如对英语国家的日常生活和文学作品的影响就非常的深远，希腊罗马神话的由来和希腊罗马神话与英语语言文化的关系非常的密切。现代英语就是在不断融合各名族的语言文化而逐渐产生的。 关键词神话人物语言与文化英语文学发展关系 一希腊罗马神话与英语语言文化的源流关系希腊罗马神话是神话中的精品,它诞生于原始时代,形成于有文字记载之处,流传数千年,具有长久的魅力。希腊罗马神话堪称是西洋文学的源泉。希腊罗马神话与英语语言文化的源流关系从英语发展史上来分析,不列颠岛早在四五千年前就是连接地中海的水路中间站,公元前七世纪以后,前后三批外来者入侵,第三批为凯尔特入侵者,他们于公元前1世纪到达,占据了今日伦敦及其周围的埃塞克斯等的大部分地区。大不列颠岛上的凯尔特人同高卢(Gual)有联系,在高卢人反对罗马帝国入侵的战争中支持他们,给他们提供庇护所。恺撒军团征服高卢后,遂移师海岛。 于公元前55年登陆大不列颠岛,其后又反复较量,终在公元前43年完成了对大不列颠的征服。在其后三百多年的时间里对其进行统治。那时候还没有明确形成英语这种语言,然而民族已经形成。罗马文化对大不列颠的影响是在潜移默化进行的。而不列颠应该说在某种程度上是英语语言文化的起源和代表。待到中世纪末期,欧洲的民族地域渐渐划定, 民族国家先后出现,民族语言相继形成,英语语言也随即而生,民族的自我意识空前高涨。为了更好的巩固民族国家和民族语言,人民要求阅读民族作品的欲望渐渐增强。在民族发展初期,民族译者更多的将目光集中于古希腊罗马的文学及文化里面。所以,文艺复兴时期英语创造的许多作品都可以看到希腊罗马神话的影子。
PEP小学英语文化知识汇总 一、饮食文化 1、西餐礼仪 the knife is on the right . 刀放置于右边 the fork is on the left. 叉置于左边 The spoon is beside the knife. 勺子置于刀的旁边 The plate is in the middle.盘子放在中间 2、饭后甜点dessert 的介绍 It's something sweet, like pudding, fruit or ice-cream…饭后吃一些甜食，比如布丁、水果、冰激凌等等 3、Traditional Chinese food中国传统食品 sweet dumplings汤圆zongzi粽子mooncake月饼dumplings饺子 二、节日文化 1、Women's Day妇女节 2、Children's Day儿童节 3、Christmas 圣诞节 Merry Christmas圣诞快乐 Father Christmas圣诞老人 Christmas Tree 圣诞树turkey火鸡gifts礼物 4、西方节日 Mother's Day is the second Sunday in May.母亲节在五月份第二个星期天 Father's Day is the third Sunday in June.父亲节在六月份第三个星期天 In America Thanksgiving Day is the fourth Thursday in November. 在美国，感恩节在十一月份的第四个星期四 In Canada Thanksgiving Day is the second Monday in October. 在加拿大，感恩节在十月份的第二个星期一 三、生活常识及日常标志的认识 1、出口、入口和卫生间标志： entrance入口exit出口women's女卫生间men's男卫生间 2、不同国家的紧急求救码emergency number 3、水零度结冰膨胀
1.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s ______ in 1607. A. Florida B. Georgia C. Virginia D. Arkansas 2.The following drafted Declaration of Independence EXCEPT ______. A. George W ashington B. Thomas Jefferson C. John Adams D. Benjamin Franklin 3.Which of the following is the only branch of the U.S. Federal government that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? A. The executive. B. The legislative. C. The Judicial. D. The president. 4.The Three Faiths in the U.S. refer to _______. A.Protestant, Catholic, Jewish B.Protestant, Christian, Hindus C.Puritan, Catholic, Jewish D.Puritan, Christian, Islam 5.Which of the following novelists does NOT belong to “the Lost Generation”? A.F. Scott Fitzgerald. B.John Dos Passos. C.Ernest Hemingway.
英语魅力何在 摘要：英国地理位置优越，历史悠久，其英语的发展也经历大起大落，英语从古英语（450年—1150年）发展到中古英语（1150年—1500年）再发展到现代英语（1500年至今），期间经历凯尔特人的史前文化，文艺复兴，殖民扩张，工业革命等等大事记，而此也使得英语兼容了多国的语言，奠定了它世界第一语言的地位。英国是海洋民族，它的诸多词汇与海，鱼，船，水手有关，某些词汇语句的词义特别有意思，这便是它魅力所在。 关键字：英国历史；语言发展；英语的兼容性；词义魅力 语言是思维工具和交际工具。它同思维有密切的联系，是思维的载体和物质外壳以及表现形式。 语言是符号系统，是以语音为物质外壳，以语义为意义内容的，音义结合的词汇建筑材料和语法组织规律的体系。 语言是一种社会现象，是人类最重要的交际工具，是进行思维和传递信息的工具，是人类保存认识成果的载体。 语言是人类的创造,只有人类有真正的语言。许多动物也能够发出声音来表示自己的感情或者在群体中传递信息但是这都只是一些固定的程式, 不能随机变化。只有人类才会把无意义的语音按照各种方式组合起来，成为有意义的语素，再把为数众多的语素按照各种方式组合成话语，用无穷变化的形式来表示变化无穷的意义。 现在世界上的已知语言共5651种，公认的独立语言有4200种，其中100万以上的人口使用的由163种。汉语是使用人数最多的语言，我认为，它是最独特，最美的语言，绝对的无与伦比，其次是英语，是使用范围最广的语言，普及性高。 每位教英语的学者都说，要学好英语，一定要先了解英国的地理和文化，这样才能掌握英语的精髓。英国位于欧洲，是由大不列颠岛（包括英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士）以及爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰和一些小岛（海外领域）组成。英国东
1.他提出的论据相当不充实。 The argument he put forward is pretty thin. （词） 2.我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.（短语） 3.他七十岁了，可是并不显老。 He was 70, but he carried his years lightly.（句） 4.他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。 He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.（词） 5.调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。 The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.（短语） 6.这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。 Such action couldn't long escape notice.（句子） 7.有利必有弊。 There is not any advantage without disadvantage. （双重否定） 8.我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。 In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews.（否定转移）
《英语国家社会和文化》教学大纲 一、课程说明. 1. 课程代码：307052281 2. 课程中文名称：英语国家社会和文化 3. 课程英文名称：The Society and Culture of Major English Speaking Countries—an Introduction 4. 课程总学时数：36 3. 课程学分数：2 4. 授课对象: 商务英语专业高职二年级 5.本课程的性质、地位和作用 本课程是商务英语高职专业的一门语言类专业任选课，主要以英语为媒介系统地向学生介绍和阐述世界主要英语国家的基本概况。本课程的教学能够提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，改善学生的文化修养，使他们的跨文化语言运用的得体性和跨文化语言转换的准确性得到加强，以适应未来所从事的国际商务活动。 二、教学基本要求 1.本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的在于让商务英语专业学生了解和熟悉主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，掌握其地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活与文化传统等方面的基本知识，扩大知识面，丰富文化修养，加深对语言和文学的理解，提高分析判断能力。 2.本课程的教学要求 本课程的基本要求是让学生掌握英美两个典型英语语言国家的历史与社会文化背景、民族特点、当前现状及发展前景。通过本课程的学习，学生除了掌握有关英美两国的社会基本构成、文化传统、经济科技发展等基本知识外，同时也提高自身对英文社科类书籍的阅读能力，从而进一步提高自己的英语水平。 针对本课程的特点，教师也可适当向学生推荐一些优秀的且能反映英美国家文化的电影，以提高学生的综合语言能力。
Text 什么是美国的？这已经成为一个经典的问题不仅是美国访问的外国人，更是美国人常常问自己。当美国人感到困惑，或者当他们在危机时，他们问他们是谁，并试图找出什么是美国人的手段。事实上，这个著名的问题时，首先问一个法国人称为J.海克特圣约翰日克雷弗克谁定居在宾夕法尼亚州的18世纪。在1782年，这个法国农民在伦敦出版了一本书，从美国的农民，他所提出的问题，并回答了自己提出的信：“那么，什么是美国，这个新好男人？他要么是欧洲，或子孙欧洲，因此，随着血液中奇妙的混合在一起，你会发现在没有其他国家。我可以向你指出，一个家庭，其祖父是英国人，他的妻子是一位荷兰人，他的儿子娶了一位法国妇女，其目前有4个儿子现在4个不同国家的妻子。他是美国人，谁在他身后留下他的所有古老的偏见和方式，收到他的生活已经接受，他的新政府遵循的新模式新，而新职，他认为。···在这里个人的所有国家都成为一个男人，他们的劳动力和子孙后代新一轮融化总有一天会导致世界。 美国是一个新好男人，原则的行为后，新的巨大变化，他因此必须招待新的想法，和形式·新意见·这是一个美国人。据克雷弗克，在那些日子里，美国有没有考虑到欧洲人的或其后代混血儿，如美洲印第安人和黑人其他民族。今天，美国情况较为复杂。在美国家庭中，有可能是儿子，儿媳或女儿女婿与欧洲后裔或非裔美国人和亚裔移民尽管这些白人混血与其他黑人或亚洲人的家庭占少数。为了理解这一点，美国，让我们回到美国的过去。 A New Land 美国大陆的人居住，作为两个结果长期持续的移民运动，第一个来自亚洲，欧洲和非洲的第二位。第一乐章开始大概25 000年前，当西伯利亚部落，在新的狩猎区或从追求寻求避难的敌人，在越过白令海峡到达阿拉斯加。到1492年，超过10-20万人，误称为居住克里斯托弗哥伦布在美洲，印第安人。他们发展了自己的原住民文化，从原始的部落那些从简单到复杂不等的阿兹特克人，印加人，玛雅人和灿烂的文明。但他们的技术发展已经落后于欧洲和亚洲。 第二迁移到美洲开始与欧洲在16世纪的现代时期的开始扩张。1492年，哥伦布说服西班牙国王和王后为了资助他的航程。他认为，欧洲的帆船从西，他可以达到远东。他没有成功，而是他降落在巴哈马群岛的一个在加勒比海和“发现”新大陆。根据哥伦布发现，西班牙国王可以要求在美洲地区，后来西班牙征服了新的土地，并建立了一个庞大帝国，抓住了印度人的巨大财富。在1497年，另一家意大利水手，谁是约翰卡博特在英国国王的服务在今天抵达加拿大，和英国国王声称，在整个北美地区属于英国。执行这项索赔，英国人开始建立由17世纪初在北美的永久定居点。 Europe in the 16th and 17th
英语语言学论文Language and culture Class：English class 2 Name： Number：20
Language and Culture Abstract: Language is the carrier of culture, the main expressional form of culture, which develops along with nation, country and society's development. Language is a part of a nation’s culture. The different nationality has different culture, history, manners，customs and so on, but various nationalities' culture and the social custom all display in this nationality's language. This article, by analyzing dialect,idioms and Chinglish, mainly reveals the relationship between language and culture is interdependent and interactive. Culture has a restricted effect on language and others outer factor according to the form and structure of language. As a word, Language is a mirror, in front of which Culture is reflected. There are many ways in which the phenomena of language and culture are intimately https://www.doczj.com/doc/e810065413.html,nguages are all influenced by cultural characteristics, and have a certain influence to the respective language and nationality's culture. Key Words: language；culture; dialect; idiom; Chinglish； teaching language.