第二十二讲
省略
一、不用替代词的省略
1 . 主语
Don..t eat more than(what ) is good for you .
I have done more than(what) is required .
( It ) Seems easy .
( It ) Sounds funny .
( It ) Looks like they are okay .
( He)Who breaks pays . 谁打破的谁赔。
2 . 主语和部分谓语
While ready to help her ( = While I was ready to help her ) , I didn..t know what she wanted .
I met the girl while on a visit to Guangzhou( = While I was on a visit to Guangzhou) .
( It is) My mistake .
( It is) Very kind of you to help me .
I shall go there if ( it is) possible .
3 . 助动词
(Do) You understand ?
( Have) Children done their homework ?
4 . There(be)
( There..s) Nothing wrong .
( Is there)Anything I can do for you ?
5 . 主语+ 动词+ 宾语
A: To whom did you lend the book ?
B: To John . ( I lent the book)
6 . 名词短语的中心词
An hour in the morning is worth two( hours) in the evening . 一日之计在于晨。
He was always the first (man) to come and the last(man) to leave . 他总是到得最早, 离
开最晚。
7 . 所有格后面的名词
Mary..s( dress) is a beautiful dress .
He stayed in his uncle..s( house) during the summer vacation .
8 . 冠词
1)两个名词并列时, 第二个名词前的冠词常可省略
Both the old and ( the ) young took part in the singing competition .
Is the baby a boy or ( a) girl ? 婴儿是男是女?
2)名词作同位语时, 其前的定冠词常可省略
War hero Douglas Bader has come .
The conference was held in Beijing, capital o f China .
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)
803 一、不用替代词的省略
As owner and editor o f the Pennsylvania Gazette, Benjamin Franklin made the periodical popular .
3)报刊标题
Restaurant Fire Disaster
4)小型广告
2nd fl flt in mod blk close West End, dble recep(A second floor flat in a modern block
close to the West End with a double reception room . . .)
5)购物单
Cleaner..s: collect clothes 取衣服
Supermarket: eggs , sugar, salt , wine 超级市场: 售鸡蛋、糖、盐、酒
6)注解
Causes of 1st World War : massive re-armament . . .
7)通知, 告示
( The) Flat ( is) on sale . 公寓出售。
( The) Lift ( is) out of order . 电梯故障。
8)说明、释义
Cut along dotted line .
pen: long thin object to write in ink
Frame 车架(箭头所指)
9)书名
( An) Outline of American History 美国史提纲
9 . 并列结构中的同等句子成分
Peter likes (Mary) , but John hates Mary .
Jim came at eight but Henry ( came ) at nine .
I like her more than ( I like) him .
I noticed how the teacher asked the questions and ( how) they were answered .
To some life is pleasure, and to others( life is) suffering .
You may go by land or( by) water .
It is a matter of life and( of ) death . 那是一件生死攸关的事。
It doesn..t matter whether he is for( the plan) or against the plan .
.. 但:Does he prefer travelling by night or by day ? ( by 不可省, 表示的是两个不同的观念) 10 . 关系代词或关系副词
1)作主语的省略
(1)在以it , that , here, there 起首的句子中。例如:
It wasn..t I( that) told her the news .
That..s a thing( that , which) might happen to any man .
Who is it ( that) took away my pen ?
There was a girl ( who, that ) wanted to see you .
Here are the students ( that , who) called on you yesterday .
We are acquaintances, and that..s all ( that ) there..s to it .
It is he himself ( that ) is hunted down .
It wasn..t she ( that ) made the mistake .
(2)在以what , who 等起首的疑问句中。例如:
新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书
1.Noun Identify the uncountable nouns ? 1. Nouns that have no distinct, separate parts, we look as the whole (气、液、固体) ? 2. Nouns that have parts that are too small or insignificant to count (sand grass hair) ? 3. Nouns that are classes or categories of things (food, clothing, money) P49 ? 4. Nouns that are abstraction (life, work, music) ? 5. Subjects of study (history, math) 不可数变可数三大规律 ? 1. 物质名词(总称名词)若表示不同的种类，或者表示特定的意思，或者是液体名词表示“几杯”或“几瓶”这样的数量时。 ? 2. 抽象名词若是具体化，则可数。与此相反，可数转化为不可数。 ? 3. 当一个名词表示抽象、总称的概念，则为不可数，当一个名词表示具体、特定的事物，则为可数。 物质名词/总称名词变可数 ? 1. 总称名词具体化 ?A: Would you like a cake? ?B: No. I don’t like cake. ? 2. 物质名词变意思 ?I need some paper. / I bought a paper. ? 3. 液体物质名词表数量 ?Two beers and three coffees, please. 抽象名词变可数 ?Art (an art) / beauty (a beauty) / youth (a youth) ?Eg. 1. Youth is not a time of life. It is a state of mind. ? 2. When as a child I laughed and wept– time crept. ?When as a youth I dreamed and talked-time walked. 2Articles Specific reference--the ? 1. 特指是针对交际双方来说的 ? 2. 特指就是根据说话者和听话者共有的知识，或根据上下文，可以识别的事物。 ? 3. 说话者用the是想要听话者找到双方心中都知道的所知，而听话者一方“断定”或“还原”所指对象的方法有多种。 ? 1. Situational/cultural reference ?Eg. Albert Einstein, the famous physicist. ? 2. textual co-reference— ?anaphoric reference (前指）& ?cataphoric reference （后指 ? 1. general knowledge (the sun, the moon, the North Pole, the Equator, the universe, the Renaissance, the Pope 罗马教皇） ? 2. specific knowledge/ local use (let’s go to the library) ? 3. immediate situation (The roses are very beautiful. Can you find the page?）
大学英语第三册语法结构分析 (译部分) 1.发言人明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消这次旅行。 The spokesman made it clear that the president would not 主谓语 Cancel (the trip) under any circumstances. 介状 2. 我们相信他所说的，因为他受过良好的教育，出身于受人尊敬的家庭，更重 要的是他为人可靠。 We believ e what he has said , because he is well-educated , comes 主谓主 from a respectable familly and what’s more , he is reliable. 3. 随后后发生的那些事件证明了我的猜疑是对的。 The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again. 谓 4. 在赛后举行的记者招待会上，这位足教练因该队表现不佳而向球迷们致歉。 At the press conference held after the game , the football coach apologized to the fans for his team’s poor performance. 5. 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长竟然是一个贪官。 To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty tur ned out to be a corrupt official. 谓语 6. 有少数人得到了提升，在这同时却有数万个人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted , but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. 7. 如果有机会，约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家。 Given the chance , John might have become an outstanding painter.
大学英语语法及练习 Last updated at 10:00 am on 25th December 2020
大学英语语法及练习 第一讲虚拟语气 I. 考点分析：分四级语法复习 虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。 虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。考查历届四级试题，我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题，有时甚至3-4题。虚拟语气的考查要点有： 1. 虚拟语气的形式：分清虚拟时间和主从句的动词形式十分重要，因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比，以便于同学们记忆掌握。
2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。 例如：If I were invited, I would come. If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things. 3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时，可以省略if, 把它们前置。
例如： Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad. Could I do it, I would surely do it. Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?（万一黑死病再次出现，我们该怎么办） 4. 错综时间的条件句是难点，如99年1月第60题: If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.（从句用过去完成时，主句用现在进行时） 又如：If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.(从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去)；If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟将来)； If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在) 5. 虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句，如： I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.); A true friend would have acted differently. (=A friend, if he had been true, would have acted differently.) 6. 注意介词短语 without, but for, in the absence等表示虚拟条件。
简单句 谓语动词的变化-时态 So Charles was ahead of the game there, too. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。(CET 4, 2014.12,Translation) The bamboo-eating animals are facing a lot of threats. … the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come… (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) But the Internet ’ s tremendous impact has only ju st begun. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) The royal environmentalist has been promoting radical ideas for most of his adult life. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) 谓语动词的变化-情态- 3 - …we can reduce urbanization ’s impact on the environment. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 谓语动词的变化-语态 They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 谓语动词的变化-否定 Governments don ’ t need informers any more. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Sports cannot explain these similarities in performance. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section B) 谓语动词的变化-综合 The urbanization wave can ’ t be stopped … (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英语词典。(CET 6, 2014.06,Translation) The words tuhao and dama may be included in the new edition of Oxford English Dictionary. 主语宾语表语的变化 名词作主语 Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) doing作主语 Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) to do作主语
大学英语语法专题练习 从句练习 1.Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,_____suggestedbylocalgovernment, willbeseriouslyconsidered here. A)whileB)sinceC)afterD)as 2. The problem of ________ to select as his successor was quickly disposed of. A)whatB) whomC)whichD)how 3.____youropinionsareworthconsidering,thecommitteefindsitunwisetoplacetoo muchimportanceonthem. A )As B )Since C)ProvidedD) While 4. This is an ideal site for a university _______ it is far from the downtown area. A)provided thatB)so thatC)now thatD)in that 5. You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _______ to suspend your tent. A)thereB)them C)whichD)where 6. _______quite recently, most mothers in Britain didn“t take paid w ork outside the home. A) BeforeB) UntilC)FromD)Since 7. ___________I admit that there are problems, I don“t think that theycannot be solved. A)UnlessB)Until
三天搞定英语语法 英语语法分为两个部分。一个部分是词法，即词的构成和词的使用规律。另一个部分是句法，即句子的组成和句子的使用方法。 英语语法的特点可以用三句话来表示：1、每个词都有词性；2、每句话都有动词(实意动词或系动词)；3、每句话都必须符合五个基本句型。 三句话用一句话来说，就是，标出句中每一个单词的词性，找出句中所有动词，并标出其种类和相应的句子成分。理解，掌握，运用好这句话，按照一：词性；二：动词种类；三：动词相对应的句子成分；四：从句；五：非谓语动词方法就能透彻理解英语语法体系。 词的分类 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功能，可以分成十个大类。 词类词义英语名称缩写形式例词中译 noun n. student 学生 1、名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名 称。 2、代词主要用来代替名词。pronoun pron. you 你 3、形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征。adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4、数词表示数目或事物的顺序。numeral num. three 三 5、动词表示动作或状态。verb v. cut 砍、割 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 6、副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时 间、地点、程度等。 7、冠词用在名词前,帮助说明名词。article art. a 一个 preposition prep. at 在... 8、介词表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句 子成分的关系。 9、连词用来连接词、短语或句子。conjunction conj. and 和 10、感叹词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。interjection interj. Oh 哦 词性的分类: 修饰: 形容数冠代词名词 （red）（one）（a/the）（my）wood 1.名词 代替: 代词it 形容词the red 数词one
三级语法考点归纳 一．虚拟语气 1. if 句中虚拟形式 if 引导的非真实条件句（纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大）： 条件从句主句 与现在相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do 与将来相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do 与过去相反 had done would/ should/ might/ could have done 例句 If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time. If they hadn’t gone on vacation, their house wouldn’t have been broken (break) into. 2. 原形虚拟： a. 表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的that-分句中，用动词原形。 suggest, demand, advise, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request, desire …… that ＋(should) do 例如 He suggested that we should leave early. My suggestion is that we should tell him. b. It is (was) 形容词/名词that …… (should) do/ 例如 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first. 3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式：
《英语语法》教学大纲 一、课程性质、地位与任务： 语法是语言的组织规则和结构形式，是结合语音文字系统和语义系统的枢纽。它是社会实际语言现象的科学概括。本专业的语法课程要帮助学生系统了解实用英语的语法规则和结构形式，以便能准确掌握英语语言，并用以指导英语语言实践，提高对语言的分析理解能力，有效提高英语实际应用能力。 二、课程的基本要求： 语法课程要传授知识,同时也要服务于培养语言素质和应用能力这个总目标。学习研究语法要着眼语言的社会实践运用，理论联系实际；了解当前语法也要适当了解语言的发展变化；精讲配合多练，从而让学生打好语言基础，提高语言素质。 三、本课程与其他课程的联系： 它是基础阅读课（精读、泛读）的基础，使学生通过大量的联系掌握语法基础，为听说读写提供基本的保障。该课程可使学生更加轻松的学习英语专业的学生在一、二年级精读、泛读课中所学过的语言材料。提升学生的学习兴趣。打下牢固的语言基础。 四、教学内容、基本要求及学时安排： 教学内容：本课程计划学时数为32学时，以赵萍主编的《新编高职高专英语语法教程》为教材。在语法内容结构上，循序渐进，从词素到单词，从单词到句子，从句子到语篇再到语段，环环相扣，从而使学生能够一面把握细节，一面掌握整个的英语语法体系。 课程内容和学时安排 授课次序授课内容学时数1导论、各个词类（名词、冠词、代词、数词、 8 动词、助动词、动名词、形容词、副词、连词 及其介词） 2 动词时态 2 3 被动语态 2
4 虚拟语气 2 5 非限定动词（不定式、-ING分词、-ED分词） 2 6 句子类型和直接、间接引语 2 7 名词性从句和定语从句 4 8 状语从句和it的用法 2 9 主谓一致 2 10 替代、省略、前置与倒装 2 11 复习及练习 4 教学要求： 第一讲导论、各个词类 1．教学目标：导论：让学生了解语法课程的性质、作用和学习方法 掌握名词、限定词、代词、助动词的定义及它们在句子中的功能和用法。形 容词的分类及用法、副词的分类及用法、介词的分类及用法 2．教学内容：导论：语法课程的性质、作用和学习方法 名词的类别、限定词的搭配、代词与其先行项的一致、情态助动词的意义。 形容词、副词、介词的类型，形容词作修饰语和补语，副词做修饰语和状语， 介词与其他词类的搭配 第二讲动词时态 1．教学目标：掌握英语中各个时态的用法和部分时态的异同 2．教学内容：动词的分类、一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行体、完成体、完成进行体 和将来时间表示法 第三讲被动语态 1．教学目标：掌握被动态的结构模式、被动态的英汉互译及其使用场合 2．教学内容：几种不同类型动词的被动模式，英汉被动意义表示法和使用被动态的制约因 素 第四讲虚拟语气 1．教学目标：掌握虚拟语气的用法 2．教学内容：虚拟语气的结构模式和在不同场合下的使用 第五讲非限定动词（不定式、-ING分词、-ED分词） 1．教学目标：掌握不定式、-ING分词、-ED分词的用法 2．教学内容：不定式的结构形式、不定式搭配和ING分词的搭配、ED分词作修饰语 第六讲句子类型和直接、间接引语 1．教学目标：掌握句子的类型，直接引语和间接引语的互换 2．教学内容：句子的的基本形式及其变体，各类句子的间接引语
三级语法考点归纳 一. 虚拟语气 1. if 句中虚拟形式 if 引导的非真实条件句(纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大) 条件 与现在相反 与将来相反 与过去相反 done 例句 If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time. If they hadn ' t gone on vacation, their house wouldn 2. 原形虚拟： a. 表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的that-分句中，用动词原形。 suggest, dema nd, advise, propose, order, arran ge, in sist, comma nd, require, request, desire that (should) do 例女口 He suggested that we should leave early. My suggesti on is that we should tell him. b. It is (was)形容词 /名词 that ......... (should) do/ 例女口 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first. 3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式： 1. It ' s (high, about, the first, etc.) time (that)词过去时 … … 例如 It ' s time we left. 2 would rather/so oner as if/ though would rather/sooner 反 as if/ though 4?练习 1. I _______ t ry it agai n if I ______ you. A. will ； am B. should; am would ； had been 2. If it _______ n ot for the water , the pla nts _ A. were ； would not B. is ； could not could not 3. If I school. A. have not had; could not become 从句 did (be > were) did (be * were) had done 主句 would/ should/ might/ could do would/ should/ might/ could do would/ should/ might/ could have 't have been broken (break) into. 例女口 It is time we went to bed. 宁愿 好像 谓语用过去时 与现在或者将来相 谓语用过去完成时 与过去相反 C. would ； were D. live. C. were ； could D. did ； that chanee to show my ability, I the preside nt of this B. had not had ； would not have
大学英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny,
大学英语三级语法概要 英语语法是英语各项语言技能的基础，是语言学习的关键。语法贯穿整个英语学习的全过程。语法在大学英语三级考试中所占比重较大，应予以重视。熟练掌握基本的语法知识是必要的，如果能了解语结构题的特点，掌握——些必要的解题技巧，就可以做到事半功倍。 第一节大学英语三级考试语法部分简介 一、大纲要求 大学英语三级考试大纲对语法的要求是:进一步加深和扩大中学学过的语法知识，侧重其在阅读和翻译中的应用。 二、考查范围 三级语法考题的涉及面广。考试范围为《浙江省高等学校英语三级考试大纲》所附结构表的内容。 在语法结构表中，详细列出了高等专科英语课程教学阶段需要进一步巩固加深的语法项目，主要涉及如下语法点:限定词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、动词、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、一致关系、句子种类(简单句、并列句和复合句)、强调句型、省略、倒装、构词法和标点等十七个方面。本书逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点(题型)及解题技巧。 在大学英语三级考试中，虽然题目千变万化，但是万变不离其宗，只要仔细分析，就会发现这些题目其实基本上都是时态、形容词与副词、名问、一致关系和虚拟语气、非谓语动词、倒装句、复合句(连接手段)的各种变化形式。本书在逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点(题型)及解题技巧的同时，还侧重对上述几类语法变化形式在历届真题中的考点作详细分析。 三、2002年1月一2004年6月题目类型统计与分析
语法测试项目所占比例 复合句(主语从句、定语从句、状语从句) 21, 虚拟语气 8(3, 时态和语态 10(8, 非谓语动词(分词、动名词、不定式) 23(3, 一致关系 2(5, 倒装句 6(7, 形容词与副词 5(8, 强调 2(5, 名词和限定词 2(5, 倍数 1(7, 省略 0(8, 情态动词 2(5, 反意疑问句 0(8, 代词 5, 介词 0(8, 第二节复习与应试指津 一、出题意图，题型分析，解题技巧 同样的题目让同一考生用不同的方法去做，效率和准确率是会有很大差别的。好的方法可以做到事半功倍，而不好的方法可造成事倍功半。常言道:“工欲善其事，必先利其器。”因此，要想做好题，首先要掌握正确的做题方法。下面我们以选择题为例讲解做题方法。知己知彼，方能百战不殆，所以首先应该弄清三级考试出题的考查目的，然后对症下药，掌握一定的答题技巧，达到事半功倍的效果。下面简单介绍一下如何应答三级考试中的语法结构题。
第一讲句子结构 改写句子(必考）！！！ 1.WaldenPond, once praised by Thoreau for its natural beauty,is now the site of many stands. 2.Almost every summer night the cooling northeast wind swept through ou r bedroom windows,marking air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome. /Swepping through our bedroom windows almost every summer night,the cooling northeast wind madeв?| 3.The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow,which fed two st reams plunging down to join in the valley below. 4.With the river on one side and a large tree providing shade,this is a good spot for a picnic,and we can spread our blanket on the grassy knoll. 5.Panting for breath after running up the stairs,Mr wood stood at his neighbourв? s door and knocked again and again till someone opened it. 6.The town folk envied horace,who had come into a small fortune with which he bought a big house and obtained a partnership in the biggest grocery in town. 7.Standing in front of the mirror,Jim looked at his image,wondering at the big change that had come over him in recent years. 8.The idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might never forgive him almost drove hime mad. 9.The story,written in plain language,consists of three parts with an interesting plot centering round an aristocratic family living in17th century France. 10.Mud-covered and shivering,John sat hunched over a bowl of hot brot h prepared by his father to drive off the chill. 11.Far above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pime trees growing on the steep of a hill stand five Chinese-style pavilions. 12.Farther down the street,the old man stopped and leaned against a l amp-post, listening to a cheerful song coming out of a restaurant on the oppsite si de of the street. 13.Sarah sank in the nearest chair,completely exhausted,her limbs stiff with cold,
冠词 一．使用定冠词与不使用定冠词的场合 1. 使用定冠词的场合 1)用在表示独一无二的或被认为是唯一东西的名词前 The world is like a stage. 世界就像一个舞台。 但是, 某些这类名词若因阴晴雨雪等而表现出不同的状貌, 前有形容词修饰时, 亦可用不定冠词。a blue sky 蔚蓝的天空，a half moon 半月，a strong wind 劲风，a calm sea 平静的海 2)用在表示特指的人或物的名词前(熟知或心照不宣的人或物) Helen is in the garden. 海伦在花园里。It rained heavily during the night. 夜里下了暴雨。 比较: She likes the man of no little humor. 她喜欢那个幽默风趣的人。(特指) She likes a man of no little humor. 她喜欢幽默风趣的人。(泛指) 3)用在第二次提到的人或物的名词前 We were just preparing to pass the night in the open when an old man came up to us ,and insisted that we stay in his house .When we entered the house, the old man asked us to sit down , and began serving us coffee . 4)用在由短语或从句修饰的名词前 The key to the safe is lost. 保险箱的钥匙丢了。 The restaurant where I had my dinner last night is most inconvenient. 昨晚我去吃饭的那家餐馆太不方便了。 5)用在形容词、副词最高级或序数词前; only, main, sole, same 修饰名词时, 前面也要用定冠词 He is the sole heir. 他是唯一的继承人。He is the first man to come. 他是第一个来的人。The darkest cloud has a silver lining. 山重水复处必是柳暗花明。 但在下列习语中, 序数词前不用定冠词:
大学英语语法系列讲座 动词的时态和语态 作谓语的动词发生变化来表示行为、状态发生的时间及进行的情况的各种形式称为时态。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。时态和语态是英语语法的重要组成部分，也是大学英语考试必考的内容之一。时态测试主要要求考生掌握几种常见但易错的时态：完成时态——现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时；进行时态——现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时；一般时态——一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时。从是否跟宾语的角度来看，英语动词可以分为两种，即不及物动词和及物动词。不及物动词没有被动语态。及物动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。任何一个及物动词不是使用主动语态，就是使用被动语态，没有语态的及物动词是不存在的。时态测试实际上也同时测试语态。一、一般时态 一般时态表示现在、过去或将来的动作状态或特征。 1.一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性的动作或状态，或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually,often,always,sometimes,regularly,near,occasionally,everyyear,every week等连用。 例1：He is always like that.他总是那样。 例2：Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. 史密斯先生每天乘公共汽车去上班。(2)在由after, until, before, once, when, even if, in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment 以及if, unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替
第二讲数词 一、基数词 1 .基数词中1～12是独立单词, 13～19的基数词以后缀-teen结尾, 20～90八个整十位数词以后缀-ty结尾thir teen , forty 2 .表示其他两位数词,十位数与个位数之间需用连字符号“-”twenty- three 3 .百位数与十位数之间,在英国要用“and”连接,在美国一般不用 3456 three thousand four hundred ( and) fifty-six 4 .表示确指数字时, ten, hundred, thousand, million只用单数形式,不能加“s”six hundred students 600名学生下面含有确指数字的复合名词也要用单数:1 5 five-dollar bills 15张5美元的钞票 但在某些表示概数的习语中,如“成百上千,成千上万”等,基数词要加“-s”。例如: hundreds of soldiers数百名士兵①hundred of, thous and of, million of 被a few, some, several, many 等表示不确定数的词修饰时,用单数形式或复数形式均可。例如: Several hundred(s)of workers attended the meeting . ②表示“多少人组成一排,几个一起”时,基数词要用复数形式。例如: The students lined in f ives .学生们5人一排。 ③“第1名”“第2名” ,可用first , second 表示,且可用复数形式,如“几个第1名”→several firsts,“两个第2名”→two seconds。 5 . dozen (12)、score