形容词作后置定语的规律
形容词作定语通常要位于所修饰的名词之前，但有时却要位于所修饰的名词之后。主要见于以下情况：
(1) 形容词短语作定语
I know an actor suitable for the part. 我认识一个适合扮演这个角色的演员。
A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with. 一个如此难以取悦的人一定不好共事。
(2) 表语形容词作定语
He spoke like a man afraid. 他说话时像是很害怕似的。
The house ablaze is next door to me. 那家着火的房子就在我隔壁。
(3) 形容词修饰不定代词
I would like to have something interesting to read. 我想找些有趣的东西来读。
Anyone intelligent can do it. 任何有头脑的人都能做这件事。
在以下情况，用作定语的形容词可以后置，也可以前置：
(1) 以-able和-ible结尾的形容词：可置于前有最高级形容词或only等词的名词之后，如：
That is the only solution possible. 那是唯一可行的解决办法。
Please put your idea into the simplest language possible. 请用最简单的语言将你的想法说出来。
(2) 某些成对的形容词
Visitors, old and young, were delighted. 不管老少，所有的参观者都很高兴。
There was a huge cupboard, simple and beautiful. 有一个大食橱，简朴而美观。
(3)形容词enough
There is time enough to take care of everything. 有时间足以料理一切。
We didn’t have time enough to finish the work. 我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作
the+adj.的语法特点
1. 复数性
“the+形容词”表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人时，通常表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。如：
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富，贫者愈贫。
The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架把受伤的人抬走了。
The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. 老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。
2. 单数性
“the+形容词”若表示抽象概念，则表示单数意义，用作主语时，谓语要用单数。如：He doesn’t know the right from the wrong. 他不辨是非。
The unknown is always something to be feared. 未知的东西总是一种令人害怕的东西。
The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true. 美未必是善，善未必是真。
3. 单复性
有个别的“the+形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语动词
用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good 指“好人”时表复数意义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused 指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义。比较：The accused was acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)
The accused were acquitted of the charge. 被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)
4. 习惯性
(1) 有的表达带有一定的习惯性，如“病人”习惯说成the sick，而不说the ill。
(2) 这类结构习惯上不用于-’s 所有格形式，若语义需要，可考虑用of 所有格。如：
正：He is interested in the problems of the poor. 他对穷人的问题感兴趣。
误：He is interested in the poor’s problems.
“the+形容词”结构可以省去冠词吗
“the + 形容词”这类结构中的定冠词通常不能省略，但是以下几种情况是例外：
1. 受数量词语修饰时省略定冠词
即其中的形容词受到表示数量的词以及many, more 等修饰时，定冠词通常省略。如：Many sick are well cared for in hospitals. 许多病人在医院受到良好的照顾。
There are more unemployed than ever before. 现在失业的人比以往任何时候都多。
2. 用于对称结构时省略定冠词
即用and 或or 连接成对称结构时，通常省略定冠词。如：
There are opportunities for both rich and poor. 穷人和富人都有机会。
Good and bad alike admired the baseball heroes. 不分好人和坏人，大家都钦佩那些棒球英雄。
3. 用于并列结构时省略定冠词
对于两个由and 或or 连接成的非对称结构，有时可将后面一个形容词前的定冠词省略(也可以不省略)。如：
It was said that the hospital was full of the sick and (the) wounded. 据说医院里挤满了伤病员。
We carried the dead and (the) wounded off the battlefield. 我们把伤亡者抬出了战场。
4. 个别结构习惯上可省略冠词
在现代英语中，有个别的“the+形容词”结构在单独使用时也可省略冠词。如：
The number of unemployed is rising all the time. 失业人数在不断上升。
多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序
有时，一个名词前出现有多个形容词作定语，这时，它们的顺序一般须根据它们与被修饰的中心词之间关系的密切程度而定。在通常情况下，它们的顺序为大致遵循以下原则：描绘形容词—大小(长短高低)形容词—形状形容词—年龄(新旧)形容词—颜色形容词—国籍形容词—材料形容词—用途(类别)形容词—名词
I bought a nice(好看的) small(小小的) round(圆形的) new(新的) yellow(黄色的) French (法国产的) oak(橡木做的) writing desk(写字台).
但是，以上情况并不绝对，例外的情况是常有的，况且以上规则也不好记。下面再介绍几条原则性的东西，供参考：
1. 总体描述在前，具体描述在后；
2. 主观描述在前，客观描述在后；
3. 普遍性描述在前，特殊性描述在后；
4. 音节少的词在前，音节多的词在后；
5. 与所修饰的名词关系不紧密的在前，关系紧密的在后。
注：有时，两个互补的形容词修饰同一个名词或代词，强调全部范围时，可用and / or 连起来(如：old and young, long or short, male and female)放在名词或代词的后面，并且名词与形容词之间常用逗号隔开。如：
Visitors, old and young,were delighted. 不管老少，所有的参观者都很高兴。
定语形容词和表语形容词
一般说来，形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但是，有些形容词只用于名词前作定语，它们被称为定语形容词，而另有一些形容词则只用作表语，它们被称为表语形容词。
1. 常见的定语形容词有elder(年岁较大的), eldest(最年长的), indoor (室内的), outdoor(室外的), daily(每天的), everyday(每天的), weekly(每周的), monthly(每月的), yearly(每后的), last(最后的), wooden(木制的), woolen(毛纺的)等。如：
I like wooden furniture. 我喜欢木制家具。
School is an everyday event for most children. 对大多数孩子来说，上学是每天都要做的事。
2. 常见的表语形容词有afraid(害怕的), alike(相同的), alive(活着的), alone(单独的), ashamed(羞愧的), asleep(睡着的), awake(醒着的), aware(意识到的), ill(有病的), well(身体健康的), glad(高兴的), pleased(高兴的), sorry(难过的), content(满意的), fond(喜欢的)等。如：Is the baby still asleep? 这个婴儿还在睡觉吗？
My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。
We are not content with the present achievements. 我们不满足于目前的成就。
注意：
关于表语形容词和定语形容词的用法并不是绝对的，当它们表示的意思发生变化，其用法也可能随之变化，如ill 表示“生病的”通常只用表语，但表示“坏的”时，却通常只用作定语。
英语副词分类详解
一、时间副词
1. 常见的时间副词
常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。
2. 时间副词在句中的位置
(1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：
He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。
而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。
(2) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：
He’s just left for s chool. 他刚刚去学校。
I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。
当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：
She was still [still was] beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40岁仍然很美。
I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况告诉他了。
still若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：
I still don’t underst and what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。
另外，still 和already 还可位于句末，表示惊奇：
Are you on page one still? 你还在看第1页？
Is your mother back already? 你妈妈就已经回来了？
二、地点副词
1. 常见的地点副词
常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。
2. 地点副词在句中的位置
地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：
Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?
The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。
三、方式副词
1. 方式副词的特点
方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。
2. 方式副词在句中的位置
(1) 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：
He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。
方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：
不可说：We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.)
但可说：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。
若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前：He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me. 他好奇地打量着我。
He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane. 他好奇地打量着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。
(2) 方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：
He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。
He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气，把信撕碎了。
(3) 有的方式副词(如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply 等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：
They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。
He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。
He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。
(4) 有的方式副词(如gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly 等)有时可位于句首，以达到某种戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中)：
Suddenly, the driver started the engine. 突然地，司机启动了发动机。
四、频度副词
1. 频度副词的特点
频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。
2. 频度副词在句中的位置
频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后：
He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。
He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。
有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：
She always was late. 她老是迟到。
有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only修饰时)：
I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。
We go out very seldom. 我们很少外出。
Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看电影吗?
有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此时多半是因为强调或对比)：
Sometimes he went there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。
Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。
【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序：
Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。
Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。
另外，频度副词always 和never通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：
Always remember this. 时刻记住这一点。
Never go out at night. 晚上千万不要出去。
3. 频度副词在否定句中的位置
在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously，均含有“连续不断”之意)，而有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词not之前(如sometimes, frequently)：He doesn’t usually come here. / He usually doesn’t come here. 他通常不来这儿。
She doesn’t always come late. 她并非总是迟到。(不能说always doesn’t)
He is sometimes not responsible for what he does. 他有时对所做的事不负责任。
五、程度副词
1. 程度副词的特点
程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。
2. 程度副词的用法注意点
(1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等)：
Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。
This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。
【注】quite 有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。
(2) 有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词：
I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
(3) 个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：
It’s quite [rather] a good idea. / It’s a quite [rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。
若此结构中没有形容词，则quite 和rather 则只能放在冠词之前：
It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相当成功。
六、连接副词
1. 连接副词的分类
连接副词可分为两类，一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；另一类是用于引导从句或不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how 等。
2. 连接句子或从句的连接副词
其性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常带有并列连词(如and)：
I don’t like it; besides, it’s too expensive. 我不喜欢它，而且也太贵了。
We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. / We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
注意，有的连接副词(如however等)后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外，这类副词有的还可位于句中或句末：
He may, however, come later. 不过，他也许一会儿就到。
We all tried out best. We lost the game, however. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides. 彼特是我们最小的孩子，我们另外还有三个。
3. 引导从句和不定式的连接副词
用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how等：
Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave. 告诉我什么时候离开。
I don’t know how I can find him. / I don’t know how to find him. 我不知道如何找到他。
Where we can get the money is just our problem. / Where to get the money is just our problem. 到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。
That’s why he speaks English so well. 那就是他为什么英语讲得这么好的原因。
【注】连接副词why 后不能接不定式，如可说I don’t know why I must leave.(我不知道我为什么必须离开)，但不能说I don’t know why to leave。
七、关系副词
1. 关系副词的特点
关系副词用于引出定语从句，主要有when, where, why：
Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。
That’s the reason why he dislikes me. 这就是他不喜欢我的原因。
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals? 你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗？
【注】关系副词用于引出定语从句，且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when 表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。
2. 使用关系副词的注意点
(1) how 不能用作关系副词，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于the way 后表示方式：
他说话就是那个样子。
误：This is the way how he spoke.
正：This is how he spoke. / This is the way (that, in which) he spoke.
(2) 关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，但why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which reason)。
(3) 引导定语从句时，when 的先行词为时间，where的先行词为地点，why的先行词为原因(主要是the reason)，但是反过来却不一定：
Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
This is the house (that) he bought recently. 这就是他最近买的那座房子。
Please tell me the reason (that) you know. 请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。
八、疑问副词
1. 疑问副词的特点
疑问副词有when, where, why, how 等，用于引出特殊疑问句：
Where do you come from? 你是哪里人？
When will it be ready? 这什么时候能准备好？
Why was she crying? 她刚才为什么哭？
2. 两类易混句型的区别。请看以下两句：
Where do you think he has gone? 你认为他去什么地方了？
Do you know when he will come? 你知道他什么时候来吗？
上面第一句为特殊疑问句，第二句为一般疑问句，它们不能倒过来说成Do you think where he has gone? When do you know he will come? 其区别是：可以用yes 或no 回答者，用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中，即主句之后)，适合这类句型的主句动词通常有know, hear, ask, tell 等；不能用yes 或no 回答者，用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首)，适合这类句型的主句动词通常有think, believe, suppose, guess 等。
3. 使用疑问副词的注意点
(1) 疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句，通常位于句首，但有时也不一定：
Without friends where are we? 没有朋友我们会怎样？
(2) 疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略：
Why argue with him? 为什么要与跟他争吵？
Why not ask the teacher? / Why don’t you ask the teacher? 为什么不问问老师呢？
【注】Why 或Why not后接动词原形，不接带to不定式，主要用于现在或将来，不用于过去，如不说why not tell me yesterday?应改为Why didn’t you tell me yesterday?(昨天为什么不告诉我?)
(3) 有时两个疑问副词连用：
When and where were you born? 你生于何时何地？
九、句子副词
1. 句子副词的特点
句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法，如actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。
2. 句子副词在句中的位置
句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)：
Obviously he can’t tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者的不同。
I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了，幸而会议推迟了。
但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中：
He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didn’t. 他发出狞笑，他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。
有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：
Clearly he didn’t say so. 显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)
He didn’t say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)
Frankly, you are wrong. 说实在的，你错了。(句子副词)
He spoke frankly about his past life. 他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词)
有的与形容词同形的副词与以-ly结尾的副词意义差别不是很大。我们可从以下几个方面来区分：
位置不同：在动词之前或句首通常只用ly副词。如：
He slowly drove the car into the garage.他把车慢慢地开进车库。
Quickly everybody stood up.大家很快地站起来。
但在动词后，两种副词都可用。如：
He drives slow/slowly.他的车开得很慢。
He sold it cheap/cheaply.他将它便宜卖了。
(2)含义不同：与形容词同形的副词通常指具体情况，而-ly副词多指抽象概念。请比较：
He is sitting close to me.他就坐在我边上(from www.yygrammar)。
Watch closely what I do.仔细瞧我怎么做的。
I went deep into the woods.我深入到树林中。
Her story moved me deeply.她的故事使我深受感动。
The plane was flying high.这架飞机飞得很高。
He think highly of your work.他对你的工作评价很高。
He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。
English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。
(3)习惯搭配不同。如(from www.yygrammar)：
1. 在stand firm(站稳)和hold firm(固守)中不用firmly。
2. 在fair and square(正大光明地)和play fair(公平办事)中不用fairly。
3. 在take it easy(别着急), go easy(从容不迫), easier said than done(说来容易做来难), easy come, easy go(易得则易失)等中不用easily。
4. 在sound asleep(熟睡), wide open(完全开着), wide awake(完全醒了)中不用soundly或widely。
有些形容词变为副词时，可在词尾加-ly，也可以不加，两者在含义和用法上有相同之处，也有不同之处：
1. bright 与brightly的用法区别
两者都可表示“明亮地”，但bright通常只与shine连用，且应置于其后，而brightly则可与其他动词(或分词等)连用，且可置于动词之前或之后：
The stars were shining bright [brightly]. 星光灿烂。
The temple is brightly painted. 这座庙被漆得亮堂堂的。
2. cheap 与cheaply的用法区别
两者均可表示“便宜地”、“廉价地”，但前者主要与表示“买”(如buy, get, pick up等)或“卖”(如sell)之类的动词连用，且置于其后；后者用法较广，可置于动词之前或之后：The radio was cheaply bought [was bought cheap]. 这收音机买得很便宜。
The room was cheaply furnished. 屋里配置了便宜的家具。
3. clear与clearly的用法区别
两者均可表示“清晰地”、“不模糊地”，有时可换用，但是若其前有修饰语，则只能用clearly：
He spoke loud(ly) and clear(ly). 他说得既宏亮又清楚。
He spoke quite [very] clearly. 他说得很清楚。
4. deep与deeply的用法区别
两者均可表示“深”、“深深地”，修饰具体的动作, 有时可互换：
The doctor asked me to breathe deep [deeply]. 医生叫我做深呼吸。
修饰静止状态、介词短语或表示深夜等，通常用deep(偶尔也用deeply)：
He sat there deep in thought. 他坐在那儿深思。
The meeting continued deep into the night. 会议一直开到深夜。
Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。
修饰带有感情色彩的动词(如hate, dislike, love, admire, hurt, regret 等)，通常要用deeply，另外，修饰形容词、过去分词等，一般也要用deeply：
He deeply hates fish. 他很不喜欢吃鱼。
We deeply regret your misfortune. 我们对你的不幸深表遗憾。
I am deeply grateful to you. 我衷心感谢你。
He was deeply moved by [at] the story. 听了这个故事，他深受感动。
5. direct 与directly的用法区别
两者均可表示“径直地”、“直接地”，但direct 通常只位于动词之后，而directly 则可位于动词之前或之后：
We flew direct [directly] to Paris. 我们直飞巴黎。
You’d better write direct [directly] to her. 你最好直接给她写信。
His speech directly affected the strike. 他的演讲直接影响了罢工。
6. easy与easily的用法区别
easy用作副词通常只用于某些特定的表达中：
Take it [things] easy. 别着急(慢慢来)。
Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。
Easier said than done. 说来容易做来难。
而easily 的用法则很广，除表示“容易地”、“轻而易举地”外，还可表示“无疑地”、“可能地”，可用于动词之前或之后：
I can easily finish the work. 我可以毫不费力地完成这工作。
She is easily the cleverest girl in the class. 她无疑是这个班最聪明的女孩。
7. firm 与firmly的用法区别
firm 用作副词的用法十分有限，通常只能与stand, hold, stay 等少数动词连用，且位于动词之后；而firmly 的用法则十分广泛，且可位于动词之前或之后：
Always hold firm to your beliefs. 一定要坚守信仰。
They stood firm against the war. 他们坚决反对战争。
I firmly believe that it is true. 我坚信那是真的。
The fence posts were fixed firmly in the ground. 栅栏的立柱牢牢地固定在地上。
【注】hold firmly 通常用于本义，指“紧紧握住”；而hold firm 则通常用于引申义，指“坚持(原则、理想、信仰等)”。
8. free 与freely的用法区别
free用作副词意为“免费地”、“松动地”，总是位于动词之后；freely的意思很多，可以表示“自由地”，“随便地”，“无限制地”，“心甘情愿地”，“慷慨地”等，可位于动词之前或之后：
Children are admitted free. 儿童免费入场。
You may speak freely. 你可以直言。
I freely admit that I made a mistake. 我心甘情愿承认我弄错了。
9. high与highly的用法区别
两者均可表示“高”，但high通常表示具体的高，且主要修饰动词；highly 主要表示很高的程度(意为“高度地”、“非常地”)，除修饰动词(如speak, praise, think of等)外，还通常用于修饰分词或形容词(尤其是那些由动词派生而来的形容词, 有时相当于very much)：He climbed high. 他爬得很高。
He speaks very highly of you. 他十分赞赏你。
His report is highly scientific. 他的报告是很科学的。
She is a highly educated woman. 她是受过很高教育的女人。
【注】在用连字符构成的复合形容词中，通常要用high：high-priced 高价的
10. quick与quickly的用法区别
两者均可表示“快”，在口语中，一般多用quick(尤其在需要用比较级或最高级时)，并且总是放在动词之后；若放在动词之前，一般用quickly：
Come quick(ly). There’s been an accident. 快来，出事故了。
You get there quicker by bus. 你坐汽车去那儿会快一些。
He quickly changed his clothes. 他迅速地换了衣服。
11. slow 与slowly的用法区别
两者都可表示“慢”，但slow通常只与少数动词(如go, drive, pass, climb, run, walk 等)连用，且应置于其后；而slowly则用法较广，且可置于动词之前或之后，有时还可置于句首：
He walked slowly [slow] up the path. 他沿着那条小路慢慢地走着。
She slowly opened the door. 她慢慢地把门打开。
Slowly, things began to improve. 情况渐渐有了好转。
【注】在某些特殊句型(如感叹句等)中，slow也可放在主语之前：
How slow [slowly] the time passes! 时间过得真慢!
The slower you drive, the safer you are. 车开得越慢就越安全。
12. tight与tightly的用法区别
两者均可表示“紧紧地”，但tight通常只用于动词之后，而tightly则可用于动词之前或之后：
Please hold it tight [tightly]. 请紧紧握住它。
We were tightly packed in the bus. 我们在公共汽车里紧紧地挤在一起。
高中英语语法练习-形容词和副词
一、基础练习
1. If I had＿＿＿, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.
A. a long enough holiday
B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long
D. a long holiday enough
2. These oranges taste＿＿＿. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard＿＿＿.
A. the better voice
B. a good voice
C. the best voice
D. a better voice
4. I’d be＿＿＿, if you could give me an early reply.
A. pleasant
B. grateful
C. satisfied
D. helpful
5. Those T-shirts are usually ＄35 each, but today they have a (an)＿＿＿price of ＄19 in the shopping center.
A. regular
B. special
C. cheap
D. ordinary
6. Mr Smith bought a＿＿＿purse for his wife.
A. small black leather
B. black leather small
C. small leather black
D. black small leather
7. —— How was your job interview?
——Oh, I couldn’t feel＿＿＿. I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.
A. better
B. easier
C. worse
D. happier
8. Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think＿＿＿＿＿?
A. tastes best
B. smells most
C. sounds best
D. drinks mostly
9. —— Can Li Hua help me with my English?
—— I regret to tell you her English is＿＿＿＿＿yours.
A. as good as
B. no more than
C. no better than
D. as much as
10. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him＿＿＿＿＿for it.
A. not so much
B. not so little
C. no more
D. no less
11. When they came in, Mr Harris＿＿＿＿＿＿like a baby.
Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.
A. fell asleep
B. was sound asleep
C. got asleep
D. went to sleep
12. This year they have produced＿＿＿grain ＿＿＿they did last year.
A. as less；as
B. as few；as
C. less；than
D. fewer；than
13. —— Can I help you?
—— We ll, I’m afraid the box is＿＿＿heavy for you,but thank you all the same.
A. so
B. much
C. very
D. too
14. —— How did you find your visit to the museum?
—— I thoroughly enjoy it. It was＿＿＿＿＿than I expected.
A. far more interesting
B. even much interesting
C. so far interesting
D. a lot much interesting
15. —— Would you like some wine?—— Yes, just＿＿＿＿＿.
A. little
B. very little
C. a little
D. little bit
16. It takes a long time to go there by train；it’s ＿＿＿＿by road.
A. quick
B. the quickest
C. much quick
D. quicker
17. If there were no examinations, we should have＿＿＿at school.
A. the happiest time
B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time
D. a much happier time
18. I’m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)＿＿＿＿＿trick.
A. ordinary
B. easy
C. smart
D. simple
19. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose＿＿＿one as she didn’t want to spend too much money on it.
A. the less expensive
B. less expensive
C. the least expensive
D. least expensive
20. ＿＿＿＿＿box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.
A. So a heavy
B. So heavy a
C. A such heavy
D. Such heavy a
21. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ＿＿＿choice.
A. good
B. the best
C. better
D. the better
22. It was＿＿＿＿＿late to catch a bus after the party, there fore we called a taxi.
A. too very
B.much too
C. too much
D. far
23. Greenland, ＿＿＿＿＿island in the world, covers even two million square kilometers.
A. it is the largest
B. that is the largest
C. is the largest
D. the largest
24. —— Mum, I think I’m ＿＿＿＿＿to get back to school.
——Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well
B. so good
C. well enough
D. good enough
25. Dracula and Frankenstein are＿＿＿＿＿film characters.
A. frighten
B. frightened
C. frightening
D. frightenly
26. When they heard the bad news, they all looked＿＿at the master and felt quite＿＿.
A. sad；sad
B. sadly；sadly
C. sad；sadly
D. sadly；sad
27. The storm kept me＿＿＿＿＿all through the night.
A. awake
B. awoke
C. awaked
D.awoken
28. —— What do you think of the concert?—— Oh, it was＿＿＿＿＿success.
A. a very
B. quite a C .so D. really
29. My＿＿＿＿＿brother is two years＿＿＿＿＿than I.
A. older；older
B. elder；older
C. older；elder
D. elder；elder
30. I haven’t seen＿＿＿＿＿this since I collected stamps.
A. as old a stamp as
B. so an old stamp as
C. stamp as old as
D. as an old stamp as
二、提高练习
1. To plant the tree, we must dig _____.
A. a three feet deep hole
B. three-foot-deep a hole
C. a hole three feet deep
D. a three-feet-deep hole
2. I think he is one of the best men you've ____ found.
A, never B. already C. ever D. once
3. ____ the boy’s grown! He is almost ___ his father.
A. What, as tall as
B. What, taller than
C. How, as tall as
D. How, taller than
4. I haven’t got ____ nails to mend the cupboard. I need another three of them.
A. enough big
B. big enough
C. much bigger
D. many enough
5. Henry knows little of physics _________ of chemistry.
A. as well as
B. no less than
C. and still more
D. and still less
6. — The dish is delicious!
— Well, at least it's ___ the one I cooked yesterday.
A. as bad as
B. no worse than
C. as well as
D. no better than
7. — Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic?
— Yes. You couldn't hope for ____ at this time of the year.
A. a nice day
B. the nice day
C. a nicer day
D. the nicest day
8. It makes Thomas no better, and it makes you ____
A. best
B. good
C. well
D. worse
9. With the help of the new equipment, our factories produced ___ VCD players in 2000 as the year before.
A. as many as twice
B. twice more than
C. as twice many
D. twice as many
10. I had invited 50 guests to the party, but actually twice ____ came.
A. more than
B. as many
C. as much
D. less than
11. — Why didn't you go to the cinema last night?
— It was something ____ interesting.
A. far less
B. more or less
C. much more
D. any further
12. The population of many Alaskan cities has _____ doubled in the past five years.
A. larger than
B. more than
C. as greatly as
D. as much as
13. — This is a good place for a picnic.
— Yes, it couldn't be ____ .
A. better
B. best
C. worst
D. worse
14. — How do you like your teacher of English?
— Well, no one teaches _____ here.
A. well
B. poorly
C. best
D. better
15. In the poor parts of America's big cities there is a lot of crime, _____ .
A. and much of it is serious
B. much of it is serious
C. and many more is serious
D. more of it is serious
16. — Do you like cats?
— Of course. They are ____ a kind of pet. They can do much good for their masters.
A. better than
B. more than
C. no more than
D. no better than
17. The newly-built theatre is ____ the old one.
A. as twice big as
B. twice more bigger than
C. twice the size of
D. twice so big as
18. I'm afraid that your conclusion is ____ from correct.
A. far
B. free
C. different
D. short
19. Thank you very much. It's ____ of you.
A. kindest
B. a most kind
C. the most kind
D. most kind
20. Whoever is never _____ with the progress he has made will be a success.
A. content
B. proud
C. praised
D. enough
21. My teacher has three brothers, all _____ than he. George, _____, is an officer.
A. elder, the eldest
B. old, the oldest
C. elder, the old one
D. older, the eldest
22. You shouldn't be too ___ about things you are not supposed to know.
A. strange
B. amusing
C. curious
D. conscious
23. The new research team was led by the ____ engineer.
A. main
B. major
C. chief
D. primary
24. These T-shirts are usually $ 35 each but today they have a ___ price of $19 in the shopping centre.
A. regular
B. special
C. cheap
D. particular
25. It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them_____.
A. properly
B. repeatedly
C. clearly
D. usually
26. — Why did she spend so much time searching shop after shop for a blouse?
— Oh, she was very ____ about her clothes,
A. special
B. particular
C. especial
D. unusual
27. Football fans are _____ young people between the ages of fifteen and twenty.
A. most
B. almost
C. mostly
D. at most
28. It’s very _____ to let the old have seats on the bus.
A. thoughtful
B. useful
C. careful
D. funny
29. — Mr. Zhang, can I talk to you ____ about my composition?
— Sure. How about Thursday afternoon?
A. somewhere
B. somehow
C. sometime
D. sometimes
30. The early train is ____ to leave at five in the morning.
A. possible
B. due
C. probable
D. sure
31. He enjoys a cup of coffee sometimes, but ____ he drinks tea.
A. most
B. almost
C. nearly
D. mostly
32. It’s _____ necessary for people to know the importance of protecting all the wildlife.
A. very
B. rather
C. quite
D. too
33. These plastic flowers look so ___ that many people think they are real.
A. natural
B. similar
C. splendid
D. fresh
34. — How can I get to the island?
— You can' t get there ___ by swimming.
A. more than
B. other than
C. rather than
D. less than
35. Of the two pictures, the left one looks ______ at a distance.
A. the better
B. the best
C. a little good
D. better
36. If you wish to study hard, you must see films _____.
A. more often
B. oftener
C. less often
D. fewer often
37. — Let's take a walk before lunch. — Oh, I think it's _____ for walking.
A. much too hot
B. too much hot
C. very much hot
D. very much heat
38. I bought a _____ table the day before yesterday.
A. small round wooden
B. small wooden round
C. round wooden small
D. round small wooden
39. It was a wonder that _____ little food saved _____ many lives during the war.
A. so, such
B. such, so
C. so, so
D. such, such
40. Nurses are required to look after _____.
A. sick and wound
B. sick and wounded
C. the sick and wound
D. the sick and wounded
参考答案：
一、1.A2.A 3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.A9.C10.D
11.B12.C13.D14.A
15.C。用a little表示“少许”。
16.D。题意为“乘火车去那儿要花很长时间；乘汽车更快些。”
17.D。题意为“假如没有考试的话，我们在学校就会更快乐。”暗含比较的意味，故选D。
18.D。题意为“你竟然被这么一个简单的花招所骗，真令我吃惊。”trick“计谋，花招，诡计”。
19.C。题意为“因为她不想花太多的钱买袋子，故挑了一个最便宜的。”
20.B。表示“如此重的箱子”可以用“so heavy a box”或“such a heavy box”。
21.D。两者中较好的一个应用the＋better。
22.B。本题为“too...to” 结构；much too修饰形容词、副词，而too much修饰不可数名词或单独使用。
23.D。the largest island in the world为Greenland的同位语。
24.C。表示“身体健康的”用well。
25.C。表示“令人感到恐怖的”，用frightening；表示“（人）感到恐怖的”，用frightened。
26.D。修饰look at用sadly；feel为系动词，用sad作表语。
27.A。awake是形容词作宾补。
28.B。quite a , quite some用以指人或物不寻常，如We had quite a party.（我们的聚会不一般。）It must be quite some car.（那辆车可不比寻常。）
29.B。指兄弟姐妹中“年长的、年龄较大的”用elder；而表示“年龄比……大”则用older。
30.A。表示“象这么旧的邮票”可用以下形式表达：as old a stamp as this；a stamp as old as this；否定句中前一个as可用so。
二、1-10: CCCAD BCDDB 11-20: ABADA BCADA
21-30: DCCBB BCACB 31-40: DCABA CAACD
一，当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词，形容词该如何排列?为什么不能说a black new pen，而是说成a new black pen?这里面有无规则可循? 如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词，就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。 Opshacom中p代表opinion，指表示人们观点的形容词，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等； sh代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如long，short，round, narrow等； a代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如old，new，young等； c代表colour，指表示颜色的形容词，如red,black, orange等； o代表origin，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，Canadian，German等； m代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal，aluminium等。 英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列，如a nice long new black British plastic pen 当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。 请根据形容词排列规则完成以下练习： 1．She has a ___ jacket．(leather，brown，beautiful) 2．He has a ___ car. (American，long，red) 3．They live in a ___ house. (old，beautiful) 4．We have a ___ table. (antique,small，wooden) 5．He has a ___ jumper. (woollen, lovely, red) 6．She has a ___ ring. (diamond，new，fabulous) 7．It was a ___ song．(French，old, lovely) 8．He owns a ___ dog．(black，horrible，big) 9．She bought a ___ scarf．(gorgeous，silk，pink) 10．I saw a ___ film. (new，fantastic, British) 答案： OP sh a c o m opinion shape age colour origin material 1．beautiful brown leather jacket. 2．long red American car. 3．beautiful old house. 4．small antique wooden table.
because of health reasons health situation health insurance convenience food 名词和形容词作定语的区别 1．在通常情况下，如果没有相应的派生形容词，原则上可用直接用名词作定语，或与之构成合 成词。如： hair style 发式 tooth ache 牙疼 service counter 服务台 cat food 猫食 bank account 银行户头 car park 停车场 blood pressure 血压 birth control 生育控制 table tennis 乒乓球 labour force 劳动力 road works 道路工程 winter sports 冬季运动 2．如果名词有相应的派生形容词，则要注意分清两者在意义上的区别。试比较： horror films 恐怖影片 horrible films 令人感到恐怖的影片 a wonder book 一部充满奇事的书 a wonderful book 一部奇妙的书 a stone path 一条石板路 a stony path 一条铺满碎石的路 education experts 教育专家 （ 从事教育工作的专家 ） educational films 教育影片 （ 具有教育意义的影片 ） gold reserve 黄金储备 golden sunshine 金的阳光 silver coins 银币 silvery hair 银白的头发 heart trouble 心脏病 a hearty welcome 热情的欢迎 snow mountain 雪山 snowy table-cloth 雪白的桌布 rain drops 雨滴 rainy season 雨季 （ 指多雨的季节 ） rose garden 玫瑰园 rosy checks 红红的面颊 colour film 彩 ****** colourful costumes 色彩鲜艳的服装 mountain village 山村 （ 山里的村庄 ） mountainous region 山区 （ 多山地区 ） 3．有时在汉语看来，似乎要用形容词作定语，但英语习惯上却要用名词作定语。如： science fiction 科幻小说 （ 不说 scientific fiction ） 因为健康原因 ( 不说 because of healthy reasons) 健康状况 ( 不说 healthy situation) 健康保险 ( 不说 healthy insurance) 方便食品 ( 不说 convenient food) convenience store 方便小商店 (不说 convenient store) popular science books 科学普及读物 ( 科普读物 )
形容词作后置定语的几种常见情况 单个的形容词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之前，但在某些情况下需后置： 1. 修饰不定代词时：修饰somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词，则必须放在不定代词之后。如： This isn’t anything important. 这并不是什么重要的东西。 Anyone intelligent can do it. 任何有脑子的人都能做这事。 Ther e’s nothing wrong with the machine. 机器没有毛病。 2. 形容词短语作定语时：形容词短语作定语必须放在所修饰的名词之后。如： I think he is a man suitable for the job. 我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。 We need a place twice larger than this one. 我们需要一个比这里大一倍的地方。 3. 成对的形容词作定语时：有时成对的形容词作定语，考虑到句子的节奏和平衡，可以后置。如：There was a huge cupboard, simple and beautiful. 有一个大食橱，简朴而美观。 She has many pencils, blue and red. 她有许多铅笔，有蓝的、红的。 4. 表语形容词作定语时：当表语形容词作定语时必须放在所修饰的名词之后。如： He must be the best violinist alive. 他一定是当代最好的小提琴手了。 The house ablaze is next door to me. 那家着火的房子就在我隔壁。 有时形容词作定语时，既可放在被修饰名词之前，也可放在被修饰名词之后。当past, last, next, nearby, following等作定语时，既可放在所修饰的名词之前，也可放在所修饰的名词之后。如： in past years / in years past 过去的年月 the following days / the days following 以后的日子 另外，形容词enough, opposite等修饰名词时可前置或后置。如： If we had enough time [time enough], things would be easy. 如果时间足够，事情就好办了。 The people in the house opposite [the opposite house] never draw their curtains. 对面房子里的人从来不把窗帘拉上。 注意，有的形容词前置和后置均可，但含义不同。如： What’s your present feeling? 你现在感觉如何? (present=现在的) He was the only Englishman present. 他是唯一在场的英国人。(present=在场的) 另外，有些既可用作形容词又可用作副词的词，当它用作形容词时前置，用作副词时后置。如： upstairs rooms / rooms upstairs 楼上的房间
后置定语与定语从句 英语中的后置定语往往可以分为以下几类，形容词做后置定语，现在分词做后置定语，过去分词做后置定语，不定式作后置定语。而后置定语往往可以由定语从句演变而来，这种定语从句的关系词往往是关系代词在从句中充当主语。下面我们来逐一讨论： 1.现在分词作后置定语 ⑴Who is the girl dancing with your brother？（现在分词作后置定语， 表正在）可改写成定语从句Who is the girl that is dancing with your brother？ The high building being built (=which is being built)there is meant for the old without children. It is expected to be finished in a year.(正在被建) ⑵Anyone touching the wire will get a shock.可以改成定语从句Anyone who touches the wire will get a shock. 2.过去分词做后置定语 The jewelry (which is) worn by the Indians was made of bones. The spaceship (which was) called Shenzhou Ⅴ, was carrying China’s first astronaut, Yang Liwei. The Indians wearing (=who wore)jewelry (which was) made of bones greeted them warmly. 3.不定时作后置定语 表示未发生或即将发生的情况如 The project （which is）to be completed next month needs more people to help.（即将完成的） There are more pains (which are)to come.(要来的) Children who lived closest to the Fukushima-1 Nuclear Power Station were among the first to be tested.（the first，the last之后常用不定式作定语）
多个英语形容词的排序技巧 形容词排序的问题一直是一个比较复杂的问题，很多英语学习者发现难以找到适合自己的记忆方法。为此，我特地从网上找到了一些帮助记忆的方法，仅供参考。 一、英文形容词的排序：OPSHACOM 关于两个及两个以上形容词修饰同一名词的顺序，一般语法书都有讲解。如《郎文英语语法》描述为：品质→尺寸→新旧→样式→颜色→产地→过去分词。 为了让英语学习者容易记住这些形容词的顺序，英国广播公司（BBC）在英语教学节目"Professor Grammar"中提出了一种称为OPSHACOM的方法。现介绍给广大读者。 OPSHACOM 是个拼缀词，它的涵义如下： OP---opinion评述性词。如beautiful，wonderful，expensive，terrible，horrible，lovely，silly，ugly等。 SH---size ＆shape表大些 形状的词。如long，short，round，square等。 A---age表新旧的词。如new，old等。 C---colour表颜色的词。如red，black，purple，brown，yellow等。 O---origin表产地的词。如Italian，Spanish，Canadian，Australian，Japanese 等。 M---material表材料的词。如leather，glass，rubber，metal，silk，plastic等。 按此顺序，"一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克"的英语为"a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket。" 理论上一个名词前可有9个形容词，但在实际语言材料中一般不超过5个。因此，掌握了本方法可基本解决形容词修饰名词时的顺序问题。 学习OPSHACOM方法时还要注意以下事项： 1 各修饰词（即形容词）可有缺项，但顺序不变。如：a small Swiss watch。 2 当表大小（或长短）的词与表形状的词同时出现时，大小（或长短）在前，形状在后。如：a large square table。 3 定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、形容词性所有格、数词等位于句首。 4 数词位于定冠词、指示代词后。（数词不与不定冠词或形容词性所有格连用） 5 分词最*近所修饰的名词。如：his new Japanese timing device；three scottish
所谓“定语”，就是能起到修饰、限定、解释说明作用的语言，例如，形容词是定语，定语从句也是定语。由于一些分词或分词短语置于被修饰对象的后面，所以称作“后置定语”。 现在分词和过去分词都可以做后置定语。 （1）被修饰的名词与作定语的动词为主动关系，表示该动作正在进行或与主句动作同时发生，或是经常发生的行为时，用现在分词做定语。例如： The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那里的女孩是我姐姐。 The people waiting for the bus are talking with each other. 正在等公车的人们在相互交谈。 注意；分词短语作后置定语时可以改写成定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is my sister. The people who are waiting for the bus are talking with each other. （2）如果名词与作定语的动词为被动关系时，则定语有下列三种形式： a. 如果动作已发生或经常的行为，用done。 例如：The house built there is mine. 建在那儿的房子是我的。转为定语从句：The house which was built there is mine.
b. 如果动作正在进行，用being done。 例如：The house being built there is mine.正在那儿建造的房子是我的。 转为定语从句：The house which is being built there is mine. c. 如果动作未发生，用to be done。 例如：The house to be built there is mine.将要在那儿建起来的房子是我的。 转为定语从句：The house which is to be built there is mine.
现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词（动词-ing形式）和过去分词的主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”（不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成）。 一、现在分词和过去分词作定语的用法 单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前（少数动词除外），分词短语放在所修饰的名词后。作定语的现在分词和过去分词的区别在于：现在分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是主动关系，现在分词表示动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生；过去分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是被动关系，过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。有一点要指出的是：现在分词的被动式既表进行，又表被动。 1. 前置定语 （1）现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。二者都表主动。 the rising sun正在升起的太阳 the risen sun已经升起的太阳 developing countries发展中国家 developed countries发达国家 the boiling water正在沸腾的水 the boiled water已经烧开的水 （2）现在分词表主动或进行，过去分词表被动。 remaining money 剩下的钱 working people劳动人民____________ a sleeping child一个睡着的孩子 written English书面英语 a man-made satellite人造卫星
a newly-built school新修的学校 the exciting news令人激动的消息 the excited people感到激动的人们 a puzzling problem令人迷惑的问题 a puzzled look感到迷惑的表情 2.后置定语 （1）现在分词的主动式表主动或进行；过去分词在语态上表被动，在时间上或表过去发生，或表没有时间性。 There are 20 people working for the project. 有20人参与这个项目。 The man standing there is our teacher. 站在那里的那个人是我们的老师。 There are some more events added to the Olympics. 有新的项目已被加到奥运会上。 I don’t like the composition written in pencil. 我不喜欢铅笔写的作文。（没有时间性） （2）现在分词的被动式既表进行，又表被动。 The library being built in the east of the city will be put into use next year. 正在城东修建的图书馆将于明年交付使用。 比较： The library built in the east of the city last year attracts many readers. 去年城东修建的图书馆吸引了很多读者。 二、实例分析 例1 The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt____________ D. to be smelt
形容词作状语 形容词在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语的情况很多，但作状语的时候也不少。女口： The bag fell on the floor and broke open.袋子掉到地上摔破了。Glad to accept the girl nodded her agreement. 这姑娘乐于接受，点头表示同意。 形容词（短语）作状语时,通常说明主语的情况,即表示主语的状态、性质、特征等,有时它和宾语的关系密切,且可位于句首、句末和句子中间,通常和句子的其它部分用逗号分开，但单个形容词可 以连在一起。 一、形容词（短语）作状语说明主语的情况,可以表示动作或状态发生的原因、方式、时间或伴随等, 或对谓语作补充说明。 1. 表示原因，但原因意义不很突出,有时是并列的。例如： Afraid of difficulty, he prefers to do the easy maths problem.他害怕困难,宁愿做容易的数学题。 Anxious for a quick decisiop our leader called for a vote.我们队长急于迅速作出决定,要求进行表 决。 2. 表示方式或伴随。例如： The lost boy spe nt three days in the forest cold and hungry.那个迷路的男孩又冷又饿地在森林中过了二天。 The moon had just risen, very golden over the hill. 月亮刚刚升起,挂在山上,十足的金黄色。 3. 形容词（短语）作状语时,它和句中谓语动词在意义上的联系不密切,只是对谓语补充说明。 Effective the first of October, our supermarket will close at eleven. 我们超市 ^一点关门,从十月一日起生
英语中形容词作后置定语的十种情况 1、当形容词修饰由 some-，no-，any和 every-，-thing，-body和-one构成的不定代词，如something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, everybody, anybody, nobody, someone, everyone, anyone等时，该形容词要后置。例如：Every minute there is something exciting going on here. 这里每一分钟都有使人兴奋的事情发生。 Everything useful in the house was taken away by him by force. 房子里每件有用的东西都被他用武力夺去了。 Have you ever met anyone famous？ 你曾经见过有名的人物吗？ I met someone quite talkative at the party. 在聚会上我遇到了一位十分健谈的人。 Is there anything important in her article？ 她的文章里有什么重要之处吗？ Mary certainly talks a lot and she's never interested in what anyone else has to say.
玛丽当然说的太多了，她从来对别人需要说的话不感兴趣。The doctors have tried everything humanly possible to save his life. 医生使用了可能的人道的方法去拯救他的性命。 There is nothing difficult in the world.世上无难事。 There is something wrong with my body. I am not feeling quite myself today. 我的身体出问题了，今天我感觉不太好。 2、形容词性短语作定语时要后置，这时该短语相当于一个定语从句。例如： The basket full of fruits belongs to the beautiful girl. 装满水果的这个篮子是属于这个漂亮女孩的。 There was nothing big enough to weigh the elephant. 没有任何称足够大，可以称这头大象。 Those brave enough to take the course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. 那些选修这门课的勇敢的人当然会学到很多有用的技能。 3、当某些以-ble或-ible结尾的形容词具有动词色彩，并表示被动意义时，应置于被修饰的词的后面，而且这些形容词大都和形容词
英语形容词排列顺序 一、大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别 二、大哥限描大，二哥形龄颜，小弟籍物类，同站名词前。 限：限定词。the，my，a，this… 描：描绘性形容词。brave，beautiful，lovely，nice… 大：大小、高低、长短等形容词。big，large，small… 形：形状。round，square… 龄：年龄大小、新旧、年代等。young，old，new… 颜：颜色。red，blue，green… 籍：国籍、地区、出处。Chinese，America，Japanese… 物：物质材料的形容词。golden，wooden，wax… 类：表示类别、用途。medical，chemical，writing… 例:一个旧的很漂亮的黑色的日本式的方形木制小写字桌 A pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk. 一件漂亮的中式新的短装红羊毛外套 A beautiful short new red Chinese woollen coat. 三、限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后排； “限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示“形状”的词如：round square等。“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。“材料”的词如：wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。“作用类别”的词如：medical, college，writing desk，police car等。 四、县官行令杀国材。 县，表示限定词；官，指的是冠词；行，表示性质的定语；令，表示年龄；杀，表示颜色；国，表示国籍；材，表示材料。 五、熟记规则：大小形状和新老，颜色国际出（处）材料 ①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词 +②序数词+基数词+ ③一般性描绘形容词 +④大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧 +⑥颜色+ ⑦国籍、出处 +⑧材料 +⑨用途、类别 +⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词。 例如：a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花。 those four old-looking,grey,wooden houses 1
英语中形容词作后置定语的十种情况话题:形容词定语教育学习 1、当形容词修饰由 some-，no-，any和 every-，-thing， -body和-one构成的不定代词，如something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, everybody, anybody, nobody, someone, everyone, anyone 等时，该形容词要后置。例如: Every minute there is something exciting going on here.这里每 一分钟都有使人兴奋的事情发生。Everything useful in the house was taken away by him by force.房子里每件有用的东西 都被他用武力夺去了。Have you ever met anyone famous,你 曾经见过有名的人物吗,I met someone quite talkative at the party.在聚会上我遇到了一位十分健谈的人。Is there anything important in her article,她的文章里有什么重要之处吗, Mary certainly talks a lot and she’s never interested in what anyone else has to say.玛丽当然说的太多了，她从来对别人需 要说的话不感兴趣。The doctors have tried everything humanly possible to save his life.医生使用了可能的人道的方法去拯救 他的性命。There is nothing difficult in the world.世上无难事。 There is something wrong with my body. I am not feeling quite myself today.我的身体出问题了，今天我感觉不太好。2、形 容词性短语作定语时要后置，这时该短语相当于一个定语从 句。例如:The basket full of fruits belongs to the beautiful girl.装满水果的这个篮子是属于这个漂亮女孩的。There was
一， 大小，长短，形状+年龄、新旧+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别 二，比较实用，又好记 大哥限描大，二哥形龄颜，小弟籍物类，同站名词前。 限：限定词，the my a this等 描：描绘性形容词，brave beautiful，lovely，nice等 大;大小，高低，长短等形容词。Big，large，small等 形：形状，round，square等 龄;年龄大小、新旧、年代等。Young，old、new等 颜;颜色。Red、blue、green等 籍:国籍、地区、出处，chinese、american、japanese等 物：物质材料的形容词，golden，wooden，wax等 类：表示类别，用途。Medical，chemical，writing等 一个旧的很漂亮的黑色的日本式方形木制小写字桌 A pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk。 一件漂亮的中式新的短装羊毛外套 A beautiful short new red Chinese woolen coat 三．巧记形容词排列顺序 This girl Linda’cousin A，pretty little Spanish B,Spanish little pretty C，spanish pretty D,little pretty Spanish 此题选A。该题是对形容词排列顺序的考察，在英语中，当名词有多个形容词修饰时，就有他们的先后顺序。下面的口诀可帮你记住这已先后顺序，也是解题的关键。 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后排。 其中，限定词包括，冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both分数和倍数，中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前，如：both my hands 、all half his income 等。“描绘|”性形容词如，beautiful、bad、cold、great等。大长高表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示形状的词如：round、square等。国籍指一个国家或地区的词。材料的词如：wooden、woollen、stone、silk等。作用类别的词如：medical、college、writing desk、police car等 四、县官行令杀国材 县、表示限定词，官，指的是冠词，行就是指性质的定语，令，表示年龄，杀表示颜色，国，表示国籍，材表示材料 五、熟记规则：大小形状和新老，颜色国际出材料 多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序是，a、冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词b、序数词、基数词c、一般性描绘形容词d、大小、长短、形状、年龄、新旧e、颜色、f、国籍、出处g、材料h、用途、类别+最终被修饰的名词或动名词例：a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花。Those four old-looking grey wooden houses 我有一个中国制造木质红色的大圆桌子：I have a big round red wooden Chinese table 六、专业记忆 Opshacom
形容词可作后置定语 大家知道，我们通常将作定语用的形容词放在它所修饰的名词之前，如：a new computer, a clever boy, a beautiful garden。但是，有时需将作定语用的形容词放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。下面对这种后置定语作一归纳。 1. 作定语用的形容词修饰something, anything, everybody等不定代词时要后置。Somewhere虽是副词，但它后面跟的修饰语不像是状语，却像是后置定语。例如： Are you doing anything important tonight? 你今晚有要紧事儿吗？ —Is there anything new in today”s newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么新的内容吗？ —No, there is nothing new. 没有什么新的内容。 I don” t get a good picture on my TV set. There must be something wrong with it. 我家电视机屏幕上的图像不清晰，它一定有什么毛病了。 He has something interesting to tell you. 他有些有趣的事要告诉你。 Let”s go somewhere quiet. 让我们到安静点的地方去。 注意：something等不定代词前面有冠词或指示代词时，作定语用的形容词要前置。例如： And there, glowing with a faint blue light in the glass test tube s on the tables, was the mysterious something which they had work ed so hard to find: Radium. 在那儿，在桌子上的玻璃试管中，正闪烁着微弱的蓝光，这就是他们付出极其艰辛的劳动所要寻找的那种神秘的东西：镭。 2. 形容词短语作定语时要后置。例如： The old fisherman drew in an old basket full of sand. 老渔夫拖上来一只旧篮子，篮子里面全是沙子。 Antarctica is a continent very difficult to reach. 南极洲是一块很难到达的大陆。 A TV set worth 2,000 yuan is not too expensive. 一台价值2, 000元的电视机不算太贵。 My uncle”s family live in a house much larger than ours. 我叔叔一家住的房子比我们家的房子大得多。 3. 带前缀a-的形容词通常作表语用，但这些形容词作定语时，需要后置。常见的这类形容词有 afraid, alive, along, alike, ashamed, asleep, ablaze, awake等。例如： He was the only man awake at that time.
后置定语 一、形容词 1、形容词修饰由some-, any-, every-, no- 构成的复合不定代词时，只能作后置定语。如： （1）There is something unusual in her voice. 她的声音有些反常。 （2）They provided us with everything necessary. 他们向我们提供了各种必需品。 （3）Is there anything important in the paper? 报纸上有什么重要消息吗？ （4）There is nothing wrong with your words. 你的话没有错。 2、形容词与介词短语、动词不定式短语或其他附加词连用作定语时，需放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。这类词有：easy（容易的）、difficult（困难的）、impossible （不可能）、different（不同的）、similar（类似的）、equal（相等的）、responsible （负责的）、suitable（合适的）、sufficient（充足的）等。如： （1）It was a conference fruitful of results. 这是一个富有成效的会议。 （2）He is one of the leading members responsible for the work. 他是负责这项工作的领导之一。 （3）The girl is married to a man greedy for money. 那女孩嫁给了一个贪财的人。 （4）English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master. 英语是一门易学而难精通的语言。 注：形容词词组作定语时一般后置，但有些则可以部分前置，部分后置，形成名词修饰语不连续的现象。如： a. They have facilities comparable to ours. 他们有和我们相同的设备。 They have comparable facilities to ours. b. Tom is the student easiest to teach. 汤姆是最容易教的学生。 Tom is the easiest student to teach. 3、形容词与表示数量或程度的短语连用作定语时，需放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。这类词有：deep（深的）, long（长）, wide（宽的）, tall（高的）, short （短的）, high（高的）, thick（厚的）, thin（薄的）等。如： （1）Please fetch me a rope ten meters long. 请给我拿来一条10米长的绳子。 （2）a swimming pool nine feet deep 一个9英尺深的游泳池 （3）A laser beam can produce a temperature far higher than that of the surface of the sun. 激光能产生出远远超过太阳的温度。 注：这类词也常放在表示度量的名词之后作后置定语。如： a.That building is 40 stories high.
精品文档 一， 大小，长短，形状+年龄、新旧+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别 二，比较实用，又好记 大哥限描大，二哥形龄颜，小弟籍物类，同站名词前。 限：限定词，the my a this等 描：描绘性形容词，brave beautiful，lovely，nice等 大;大小，高低，长短等形容词。Big，large，small等 形：形状，round，square等 龄;年龄大小、新旧、年代等。Young，old、new等 颜;颜色。Red、blue、green等 籍:国籍、地区、出处，chinese、american、japanese等 物：物质材料的形容词，golden，wooden，wax等 类：表示类别，用途。Medical，chemical，writing等 一个旧的很漂亮的黑色的日本式方形木制小写字桌 A pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk。 一件漂亮的中式新的短装羊毛外套 A beautiful short new red Chinese woolen coat 三．巧记形容词排列顺序 This girl Linda’cousin A，pretty little Spanish B,Spanish little pretty C，spanish pretty D,little pretty Spanish 此题选A。该题是对形容词排列顺序的考察，在英语中，当名词有多个形容词修饰时，就有他们的先后顺序。下面的口诀可帮你记住这已先后顺序，也是解题的关键。 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后排。 其中，限定词包括，冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both分数和倍数，中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前，如：both my hands 、all half his income 等。“描绘|”性形容词如，beautiful、bad、cold、great等。大长高表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示形状的词如：round、square等。国籍指一个国家或地区的词。材料的词如：wooden、woollen、stone、silk等。作用类别的词如：medical、college、writing desk、police car等 四、县官行令杀国材 县、表示限定词，官，指的是冠词，行就是指性质的定语，令，表示年龄，杀表示颜色，国，表示国籍，材表示材料 五、熟记规则：大小形状和新老，颜色国际出材料 多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序是，a、冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词b、序数词、基数词c、一般性描绘形容词d、大小、长短、形状、年龄、新旧e、颜色、f、国籍、出处g、材料h、用途、类别+最终被修饰的名词或动名词 精品文档
I. 前置修饰语 如出现同一层次的形容词，通常用 逗号隔开，一般词序是较长的形容词列于最后 It was a rainy, windy, freezing day. Note: 上面的结构中，如果出现程度副词，可根据说话人的意图来放置。 It was a rather rainy, windy, freezing day. It was a windy, rainy, thoroughly freezing day. 如果出现不同层次的形容词做前置修饰语，起词序是 限定词→大小、形状、新旧→颜色→国别，来源，材料→用途，目的→名词类别→名词中心词the English church the old English church] the charming old English church
the town ’s charming old English church a well-known German medical school the man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings II. 后置修饰语 some-, any-, no-构成的合成词做中心词 Have you read anything interesting lately? I’d like something cheaper. 当修饰语本身带有不定式，介词词组等补足成分是 Students pave enough to take the course deserve to succeed. He is a man deserving of sympathy. It was a conference fruitful of results. Note: 中心词有以下形容词修饰，如different, similar, easy, difficult, impossible 是，或者为形容词比较级或最高级，