一般过去时，现在完成时和过去完成时
一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的时间状语连用，试看下列例句：
1. I was in the classroom yesterday morning
2. My father was at work last week.
3. I visited the Palace Museum three weeks ago.
4. He always went to work by bus last year.
5. I wrote home once a week at college.
1. yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等；
2. 由"last+一时间名词"构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等；
3. 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等；
4. 其它：just now或者由句子本身的时态所反映出来的。
现在完成时表示：(1)过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already，just，yet，before，ever，never 等副词连用；(2)发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示），常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。试看下列例句：
1.My father has brought many books for me , so I can do some reading now.
2.I have already finished my homework, so I can give it to my teacher now.
3.Kevin hasn't seen the film yet, so he has nothing to say about the film.
4.This is the best film I have ever seen.
5.Mary has been ill for three days.
6.I have lived here since 1998.
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now 等等，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, before, recently,ever, never等连用。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Beijing. 他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him recently. 我近来没看到他。
现在完成时既然可以表示从过去持续到现在，那么在延续性用法中，谓语动词必须为延续性的，而不可以和瞬间动词连用。
1.I have brought the book for ten days. ( × )
2.They have already come here since three years ago. ( × )
但是，在否定句中非延续性动词可以表示状态的延续，试看下列例句：
1. I haven't seen her for a long time.
2. He hasn't left home ever since he lost his job.
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”, 常与by，before 等词连用，也可以表示在过去某个时间或动作之前发生并一直持续到那个时间的动作或状态，常与just，already，for，since等时间副词连用，试看下列例句：
By ten o'clock this morning, we had visited the Happy Valley.
I had finished my piano lesson before nine yesterday evening.
The film had begun before we got to the cinema.
He had done his homework before he played table tennis.
I had been at the bus stop for ten minutes when the bus finally came.
He had just worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.
The film had already been on for half an hour when I went to the cinema.
They had lived in Shenzhen since 2004, and they moved to Guangzhou last month. 过去某一时间
过去之前的动
【2011北京】1. Paul ant I _________ tennis yesterday. He did much better than 1.
A. play
B. will play
C. played
D. are playing 【2011内蒙古包头】2. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he _________ in Japan last year.
A. meets
B. met
C. has met
D. would meet 【2011呼和浩特】3. He went into his room, _________ the light and began to work.
A. has turned on
B. turned off
C. turned on
D. has turned off 【2011贵州毕节】4. ---What did Mr．Smith do before he came to China?
--- He _________ in a car factory．
A．worked B．works C．is working D．will work 【2011 四川广元】5. --- Have you ever been to Hong Kong？
---Yes, I _________ there last month.
A. went
B. have been
C. goes
D. will go 【2011山东菏泽】6. This morning I had hardly got to my school when it _________ to rain.
A. had begun
B. was beginning
C. began
D. begins 【2011 广西柳州】7. ---You have found your lost umbrella, haven’t you?
---Yes. I _________ it behind the door this afternoon.
A. have found
B. will find
C. found
D.find
【2011四川凉山】8. Ten minutes ago, there _________ an eraser, a pen and some books on the desk.
A. was
B. were
C.is
D. are
【2011四川德阳】9. --- Do you know who cleaned the blackboard, Tina?
--- Yes. John _________.
A. do
B. does
C. did
D. will do 【2011浙江杭州】10. The last time I _________ to the cinema was two years ago.
A. go
B. have gone
C. have been
D. Went
【2011浙江金华】11. --- Have you ever been to Canada?
--- Yes, I _________there last year with my parents.
A. have been
B. have gone
C. went
D. go
【2011重庆】12. I called you, but nobody answered. Where _________ you?
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
【2011湖南长沙】13. ---Have you ever been to Shanghai?
---Yes. I _________ there a few months ago.
A have been B. went C. have gone D. will go 【2011山东】14. --- What did Mr. Smith do before he came to China?
--- He _________ in a car factory.
A. works
B. worked
C. is working
D. will work 【2011广西贵港】15.---Lin Kai, hand in your homework, please.
---Oh, sorry. I _________ it at home this morning.
A. was leaving
B. has left
C. will leave
D. left
【2011江西省】16. I'm now in New York with my friend Jenny. We _________ by plane on Monday.
A.arrive
B. arrived
C. are arriving
D. will arrive 【2011浙江丽水】17．---Guess What! The great movie is on in the cinema．
--- Nothing new．I _________ it with my parents on the first day.
A.saw
B. see
C. will see
D. have been 【2011四川乐山】17. ---When _________ your mother _________ you that blue dress, Lucy?
---Sorry, I really can’t remember. Maybe two or three weeks ago.
A. will; buy
B. does; buy
C. did; buy
D. did; bought 【2011 山东青岛】19. Hello! I'm very glad to see you. When _________ you _________ here?
A. did; arrive
B. will; arrive
C. have; arrived
D. are; arriving 【2011湖北武汉】 20. Tom was so careless that he _________ his right arm when he was riding to school.
A. hurts
B. hurted
C. hurt
D. has hurt 【2011湖南邵阳】21. ---I _________ something wrong just now. May 1 use your eraser?
---Of course. Here you are.
A. write
B. wrote
C. am writing
D. will write 【2011福建泉州】22. ---Dad, I _________ the station for minutes, but nobody came to meet me.
---Don’t worry. I’ll go to meet you soon.
A. arrived at
B. have been at
C. will reach
D. arrive
【2011云南八市】23. ---_________ you ever _________ Dali?
---Never. But I am going there this vacation.
A. Do…go to
B. Have…been to
C. Have…gone to
D. Will…go to
【2011北京】24. My aunt is a writer. She _________ more than ten books since 1980.
A. writes
B. wrote
C. has written
D. will write 【2011广东清远】25.Echo _________ for half a month. She'll come hack in two months.
A. left B leave C. has left D. has been away 【2011广西百色】26.The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008,they_________ there for three years since then.
A. live
B. lived
C. have lived
D. will live 【2011广西桂林】27. --- Have you ever been to Nanning? --- Yes, _________.
A. I was
B. I do
C. I am
D. I have
【2011河北省】28. I _________ my homework, I guess I can't join you.
A. don't finish
B. didn't finish
C. haven't finished
D. won't finish 【2011河南省】29. ---Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office?
---Sorry, I don't know. I _________ here for only a few days.
A. work
B. worked
C. have worked
D. will work 【2011黑龙江绥化市】30.---Where is Bob? ---He _________to Harbin for a meeting.
A. went
B. has been
C. has gone
D.is going to 【2011江苏徐州】31. --- Are you going to the bank, Laura? ---No, I _________ to the bank already.
A. have been
B. have gone
C. am going
D. had been 【2011呼和浩特】32. ---Oh, you are here. I’m looking for you all the morning. _________？
---To the library.
A. Where have you gone
B. Where will you go
C. Where are you going
D. Where have you been?
【2011四川资阳】33. So far this year, many new houses _________ in Wenchuan with the help of the government.
A. build
B. are built
C. will build
D. have been built 【2011天津】34. My grandmother _________ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.
A．sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen
【2011贵州毕节】35．I _________ many new friends since I came here．
A．make B．made C．will make D．have made
【2011福建莆田】36. Mrs. Weng came back from France in 2010. She _________ there for four years.
A. works
B. worked
C. has worked
D.working
【2011四川雅安】37. She _________ this book for nearly three weeks.
A. has borrowed
B. has lent
C. has bought
D. has kept
【2011四川雅安】38. They _________ England and they will be back next week.
A. have gone to
B. have been to
C. have gone in
D. has been on
【2011四川南充】39. He _________ in this city since his family moved to Nanchong.
A. live
B. lived
C. has lived
D. living
【2011陕西】40. Some students in Shanghai _________e-bags for several months.
A. have
B. have had
C. had
D. will have
【2011辽宁本溪】41.---Is Mr. Smith still in Shanghai? --Yes, he _________ there for two months.
A. has been
B. has gone
C. has been to
D. has gone to
【2011宁夏】42. My brother and I _________in Yinchuan since 1997.
A. had lived
B. have lived
C. live
D. will live
【2011广西贵港】43. My pen pal said he would write to me, but I _________ any letters from him so far.
A. won't receive
B. haven't received
C. hadn't received
D. didn't receive
【2011广西贺州】44. Our country _________the sixth population census(人口普查) already.
A. finished
B. has finished
C. will finish
D. finishes
【2011江苏泰州】45.---How well do you know the Opera House?
---I know the place very well. I _________ Sydney many times.
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have arrived in 【2011重庆江津】46. A:How clean the bedroom is!
B: Yes, I am sure that someone _________ it.
A. cleans
B. cleaned
C. has cleaned
D. had cleaned 【2011福建福州】47.--- Where is Ben? --- He _________ to the teachers’ offic e. He will be back soon.
A. go
B. has gone
C. has been
D. will go
【2011重庆】48. I _________my hometown for a long time, I really miss it!
A. left
B. went away from
C. have left
D. have been away from 【2011山东聊城】49. ---Will you please go to see the movie Guanyinshan with me?
---No, I won't. I _________ already.
A. saw
B. have seen
C. see
D. will see
【2011甘肃兰州】50. --- How do you like your English teacher?
--- He is great. We _________friends since three years ago.
A. were
B. have made
C. have been
D. have become 【2011山东威海】51.—Hi, guys. Where are you heading now?
—Home. We _________all our money, so we have to walk home now.
A. spend
B. spent
C. have spent
D. are spending 【2011四川内江】52. --- _________ you _________ the movie Gongfu Panda II ?
--- Not yet. I'll see it this Sunday.
A.Did, see
B.Do, see
C. Have, seen
D. will, see
【2011湖南株洲】53. Jim _________ in Zhuzhou since he finished his college.
A. works
B. is working
C. has worked
D.will work
【2011湖南怀化】54. ---May I speak to Lin Tao?
---Sorry, he is not in. He _________ to Changsha.
A. has been
B. has gone
C. went
D. will go 【2011安徽】55. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However. he_________yet.
A. didn't arrive
B. doesn't arrive
C. isn't arriving
D. hasn't arrived 【2011湖北襄阳】56. ---Why won’t you go to the movie with me, Gina?
--- Because I _________ it twice.
A. see
B. have seen
C. saw
D. will see 【2011湖南永州】57. ---Where's your father, Tom? ---He _________ to Changsha.
A. goes
B. went
C. has gone
D.had gone 【2011山东】58. --- Where is my sister, mum? ---She _________ to the library. She will be back soon.
A. has been
B. is going
C. has gone
D. will go 【2011 湖南衡阳】59.---May I speak to Mary?
---Sorry, she isn’t in. She _________ to Japan and will come back in two weeks.
A. has been
B. has gone
C. is going
D.goes
【2011贵州安顺】60. ---Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Pingba?
---No, they _________ to Shanghai.
A. had moved
B. moved
C. will move
D. have moved 【2011四川泸州】61. Mr. Fan _________ this watch in 2005. he _________ it for 6 years.
A .bought, has had B. bought, has C. has bought, has had D. has bought, had 【2011江苏盐城】62. Mr. White came to our school in 2008, and since then he _________ us English.
A. teaches
B. taught
C. has taught
D. will teach 【2011安徽芜湖】63. ---China develops so fast. ---That’s true. It _________ a lot already.
A. changes
B. changed
C. will change
D. has changed 【2011湖北武汉】64. --- Jim isn't in the classroom. Where is he？
--- He _________ to the teacher’s office.
A. will go
B. has gone
C. had gone
D. is going 【2011云南昆明】65. Lanmon _________ here for almost ten years and he has many Chinese friends.
A. has been
B. left
C. has come
D. came
【2011云南昆明】66. ---Have you ever visited Germany?
---_________. But I expect to go there again.
A. Perhaps
B. No, I haven't
C. I don't know
D. Yes, I have 【2011山东淄博】67. ---May I speak to Miss Wang?
---Sorry. She isn't in. She _________ to Hong Kong.
A. has been
B. has gone
C. goes
D.went
【2011.广西北海】68. Sam came to Baihai in 2002. He _________ here for nine years.
A. lives
B. was living
C. has lived
D. will live
【2011海南三亚】69. He _________in Xinxiang for five years when I heard his news.
A. has lived
B. had lived
C. is living
D. has been lived 【2011黑龙江龙东五市】70.Our school is having a sports meeting. Someone _________ here already.
A. arrived
B. have arrived
C. has arrived
D. Will arrive 【2011陕西】71. Some students in Shanghai_________e-bags for several months.
A. have
B. have had
C. had
D. will have 【2011乌鲁木齐】72.The meeting _________ by the time I got there yesterday.
A. was on
B. has been on
C. had begun
D. has begun 【2011上海】73. By the end of last month, I _________ all the CDs of Justin Bieber.
A. collect
B. collected
C. have collected
D. had collected 【2011山东淄博】74. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie _________ for ten minutes.
A. had begun
B. had been on
C. has started
D. has been on 【2011青岛】75. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned 【2011温州】76. By the time he was 4, he _________ a lot of German words.
A. had learned
B. has learned
C. learned
D. learns
【2011苏州】77. When I arrived home he _________ for almost one hour.
A. had left
B. left
C. had been away
D. was away
【2011南京】78. He _________ in Shanghai University for four years before he _________ Beijing.
A.studied, had gone
B. had studied, went
C. has studied, goes
D. had studied, had gone
1、现在完成时的定义： 现在完成时通常是指过去某一动作对现在的影响或过去某一动作持续到现在（可能要继续下去） 2、现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成的 3、现在完成时的用法： (1) 表示从过去到现在曾经经历过或做过的事情 (2) 表示过去发生的动作对现在所产生的影响 (3) 表示从过去某时开始的动作，状态一直持续到现在 一般过去时也译为单纯过去时。 例A：He worked very hard last year. （去年他很用功。） 例B：Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday. （史密斯先生昨天买了一辆新车。） 例C：They were here only a few minutes ago. （几分钟前他们还在这里。） 一、一般过去时的用法： 解说：一般过去时最明显的现象就是常由表达过去之时间的副词或副词短语来修饰它（如各例句的斜体字部分）。这些常用于修饰一般过去时的副词有：yesterday, yesterday morning （afternoon, evening ）, just now （刚才）, before （以前） , then （at that time ）（当时） , last +时间（如 last week, month, year, Monday, … January, … spring, …, etc. ）, that +时间（如 that day, afternoon, summer, …, etc. ）, 时间 + ago （如a few minutes ago, two weeks ago , years ago, … etc.） 二、一般过去时的主要语法功能： 1. 表示过去发生的动作或情况, e.g. He returned home very late last night. 他昨晚很晚回家。 He turned off TV at midnight. 他午夜才关了电视。 他常常在午夜后才关电视。He often turns off TV after midnight. 2. 表示过去反复发生的或习惯性的动作，常和never, often, usually等状语连用。 e.g. She often swam/ went swimming last summer. 去年夏天她经常去游泳。 In the past few years, Mary seldom called her grandfather. 过去几年中，玛丽很少给她爷爷打电话。 3. 可用在said, reported等后面的间接引语中，代替一般现在时。 e.g. She said, "I'm tired of his long speech."----She said that she was tired of his long speech. 她说她烦透了他的长篇大论。 The doctor reported, "The patient is very well."----The doctor reported that the patient was very well. 医生说患者情况良好。
一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言： 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。 二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况） I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作） We have known each other since 1997. （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在） （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。 如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别： 1. 概念上的区别： —般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在”产生的影响。 现在完成时，①表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果； ②过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 He ViSited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。（只是简单表明在过去某个时间［in 1998］去过 桂林这一事实，除此以外别无其他） Jill has bought a new COmPUter.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（造成的结果是，JiIl现在有了一台新电脑）The pla ne has already arrived 飞机已经抵达了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。） The Pla ne arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间 在过去。） 第一种：对目前造成的影响；过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果； HaVe you Seen the film? （A） Did you See the film? （B） ［说明］你看过这部电影吗？ （A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解； （B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。 第二种：过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 He has lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. （A） He lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. （B） ［说明］他在北京住了8年。 （A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。
一般过去时，现在完成时和过去完成时 一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的时间状语连用，试看下列例句： 1. I was in the classroom yesterday morning 2. My father was at work last week. 3. I visited the Palace Museum three weeks ago. 4. He always went to work by bus last year. 5. I wrote home once a week at college. 1. yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等； 2. 由"last+一时间名词"构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等； 3. 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等； 4. 其它：just now或者由句子本身的时态所反映出来的。 现在完成时表示：(1)过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already，just，yet，before，ever，never 等副词连用；(2)发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示），常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。试看下列例句： 1.My father has brought many books for me , so I can do some reading now. 2.I have already finished my homework, so I can give it to my teacher now. 3.Kevin hasn't seen the film yet, so he has nothing to say about the film. 4.This is the best film I have ever seen. 5.Mary has been ill for three days. 6.I have lived here since 1998. 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now 等等，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, before, recently,ever, never等连用。
现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习 一、现在完成时的用法。 1.现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响 I have lost my wallet now. I can’t find it now. 我的钱包掉了，我现在找不到。 2.现在完成时强调过去动作一直持续到现在。 I have had this book for a year. 我拥有这本书1年了。 3.现在完成时表示动作尚未完成。 I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里住了5年（现在也还在这里住） 4.现在完成时可以与不确切的过去时间连用。 She has entered speaking competition before. 她曾经参加过演讲比赛。 5.现在完成时可以用来描述活着的人的经历。 He has been to America four times. 他去过美国4次。（他现在还活着） 6.现在完成时可以与未完成的时间状语连用。 She has finished her homework today. 今天他已经完成了家庭作业。（today, this week, this year 是未完成的时间状语） 二、过去时的用法 1.
1.表示过去完成的动作，现在已不是这样。 —What do you think of her? 你认为她怎样？ —She was cute. 她曾经很可爱（表示她现在已不可爱了。） 2.与过去某一具体的时间状语连用，表示过去完成的动作。 She lost her wallet yesterday. (她昨天弄丢了她的钱包。) 3.表示去世的人过去的经历。 He went to America four times.一生中, 他去过美国4次（表示他已去世）练习 1.Ronaldo ______________( win) 29 major trophies in his career. 2.I ____________(have)him for three months and I really feel healthy. 3.She_______________(be) ill for three days. 4.They ________________ (not do) much exercise since they got their computer. 5.Kobe Byrant _______________(win) five championships with The Los Angeles Lakers. 6.Fans___________________(buy)about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than 50 languages. 7.When I was young, I ___________(not like) green vegetables. 8.After he graduated from university, he _________(work) in a big company.
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别（1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 （2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 （3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。例如： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了） Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争） He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 一、现在完成时的意义（用法） 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（瞬间动词适用于这种情况） 2.表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。（延续性动词适用于这种情况）我们可以简记为： （1）“过去对现在”（瞬间动词） （2）“过去到现在”（延续性动词） 二、现在完成时的构成（结构） 现在完成时由“助动词have(has) + 过去分词”构成。 我们可以简记为： ① have(has)在前面， ②过去分词在后边， ③以前(before) 从来不(never) 出现， ④最近(recently) 曾经(ever) 一(once) 两遍(twice)， ⑤自从(since) 刚刚(just) for一段，今天(today) 已经(already/yet) 很明显。 注：1. ①②是指该时态的构成。③④⑤是时态的标志。 2. since +（1）（过去的）月份/年份 since +（2）一段时间+ago
现在完成时和一般过去时专项练习 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.--_____ you _____ (have) lunch yet? ---Yes，I . --- When____ you _____ (have) it? ---I______ (have) it at 12:00. 2._____ she _____(write) a letter to her aunt yet? Yes, she_____ . She__________ (write)it the day before yesterday 3. --______ you____ (find) your knife yet? ---Not yet. 4. I _________(sing) the English song before. 5. I ____ never _____(see) him before. 6.. She_____ just _____(ride) a horse? 7. Tom with his mother _________(shop)just now. . 8. Sam ________ (go) to school by bike last year. 9.My brother _______(join) the army in 1999. 10.My brother _______(be)in the army since1999. 11.John_________( not watch ) TV last night. 12.She ______ (do) her homework already. 13.Where is Jack? He______(go) the park. 14. I _________ (read) the magazine yesterday. 15.What was she doing when she __ (come) here. 16.We_______ (play) football five hours ago. 17..Mike ______ already ______(finish) the work. 18. We ___________(run) out of money. What shall we do? 19. I _____ just ______ (lose) my math book. 20. I ___ _ (be) to Beijing twice 21.My father _____ never____(eat)ice cream. 22.I __________(work) here since 1995. 23.The_______(teach) English since they (come) to this school. 24.We __________(learn) 1000 words so far. 25. Tom ____________( be) away for three days. He will come back tomorrow. 26.The teacher _________(leave) two days ago. 27.The teacher______(be) here since two days ago. 28.--- _____ you ______ (clean) the room yet? --Yes, we __________ (do) that already. --When _______ you ______ (do) it? ---We _______ (do) it an hour ago. 29. ---______ he ______ (see) this film yet? --Yes,he _____. --When _____ he _____ (see) it? --He ____ it last week. 30. I _________ (read) the book twice. It’s interesting. 31—Where’s she? .-- She ________ (go) to Pairs. -- How ______she ______(go) there? --She _______ (go) there by air. 32. So far, many countries ___ _ (improve) their environment. 33. Mr Chen _____ (give)up smoking last year. 34. Mr Chen ______ (give) up smoking since last year. 35.It’s ten years since I ________(meet) her. 36.This is the most interesting book that I_________(read). 37.She _________(work) in this hospital in 2005. 38. She _________(work) in this hospital since 2005. 39.I __________ (clean) my room two hours ago. 40. I ________(clean) my room since two hours ago. 41 The old men ____________ (live)in the house for ten years. 42. Mum is not at home now. She _______ (go) the shop. 43.The sun ________(rise) since five o’clock. 44.I’m sorry I’ve already_______(forget) your name. 45.My leg _______(hurt) a lot last night. 46.They ________(eat) a lot of chichen already. 47.--- he ______ (give) the book back to the library? --Not yet. 48.My uncle _______(teach) English for ten years. He loves his job. 49.I ________(spend) five hours watching TV last weekend. 50.He’s just _______(tell) us a story. 二、按要求变换句型。 1.I have already eaten the food.(否定句) 2..We have ever read this book. .(否定句) 3.The plane has arrived. (否定句) 4. She’s lent some money to others. (否定句) 5. She has already visited her aunt.（一般疑问句并肯定回答） 6..My father has already hadlunch. （一般问句并否
现在完成时态与过去时态的区别 1. 意义上的区别 一般过去时态只是单纯地表示过去某一时间发生过的动作或者存在的状态, 和现在没有任何联系, 只着眼于过去. 现在完成时态重点强调与现在的联系, 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果, 属于现在时的范畴. 试比较下列例句: I have washed my shoes . 我刷过鞋了. 强调的是过去的某一时间发生的动作"洗" 对现在产生的影响是" 鞋是干净的" . I washed my shoes yesterday . 我昨天刷了鞋. 强调昨天做过"洗" 这个动作, 与现在鞋是否干净没有关系. My father has bought a new car . 我爸爸买了一辆新车. 强调在过去的某一时间发生的动作"买" , 对现在造成的结果是" 他有了一辆新车". My father bought a new car last Sunday . 我爸爸上个周日买了一辆新车. 强调上个周日"买" 这个动作发生过, 与爸爸现在是否有车无关. 也许这辆车是给别人的. 2. 时间状语的区别 一般过去时态只能与表示过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, la st week, three years ago, in 1990 , just now 等.
现在完成时态中的时间状语表达的时间是到现在为止. 如: just 刚刚, before 以前, "since / ever since +过去时间 " 自从...... 开始, ev er 曾经, never 从未, 未曾, "already" 已经 , " for+ 时间段"已有多长时间了. in the last/ past ten years 在过去的十年里, so far 到目前为止. up to now 直到现在, this week 这个星期等等. 二者的根本区别在于过去时强调事实，常有具体的时间状语标志，如，yesterday/5.oclock/this morning,just now,ago etc---, examples: 1.I met her a week ago. 2.We have a English class this morning. 而完成时有两种用法或意义 1，影响性：也是一个过去动作但却强调它对现在的影响,没具体时间点作时间状语，但常有，already,yet,before,just作状语。 (1).Have you had your breakfast,yet?(2).I have seen this movie before. (3).He has just finished his homework. 2.持续性：表动作从过去的一个点开始，一直持续到现在。（现在完成时）如果只需到过去的另一个点就是过去完成时。动词要用延续性的，还常有 for（引导线状时间状语），since（引导点状时间状语） (1).I have been worked here for 20 years./I have worked here since 20 years ago. (2).I have been a member of the League for 2 years.这里的be a member of 代替不可延续的动词短语join the League。
一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别（详细点） 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 不受时间限制的 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 客观存在 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. ※4)由连词if unless before as soon as when once however 等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表
①一般过去时的基本用法 a)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与过去时间连用. a moment ago(刚才)，yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday(前天)，just now(刚才)等。 He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天他突然生病了。 b)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 I wrote home once a week at college. 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信. c)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。 She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully. 她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。 d)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时. We would not leave until the teacher came back. 老师回来我们才会离开。 ②一般过去时的特殊用法 a)在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。 I wish I were twenty years younger. 但愿我年轻20岁。 b)在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气 Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你，好吗？ 现在完成时的用法: 1) 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，一般不与过去时间连用，常同already, just, yet等状语连用例：I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。（结果是灯已经关上了） She has lost her bike. 她把自行车丢了。（影响是他现在没有自行车骑了） 2) 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常同包括现在在内的时间状语连，也同“for+时间段”或“since＋时间点”的状语连用 She has taught in the school for ten years. 她在这所学校教书已经10年了。 I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast. 我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。
英语语法学习：一般过去时与现在完成时的 比较 ：一般过去时与现在完成时之间又些什么是需要我们注意的点呢？我们应该怎么区分好它们之间的关系呢？下面我们一起看看这篇《一般过去时与现在完成时的比较》。 1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作; 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 *一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 *现在完成时的时间状语：for,since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, thisApril, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach,learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如： I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的
现在完成时专项练习 一、用since和for填空 1______ two years 2_______ two years ago 3_______lastmonth 4______1999 5 _______ yesterday 6 _______ 4 o’clock 7 ______ 4 hours 8_______ an hour ago 9_______ we were children 10 _____ lunch time 11 ______ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him __________ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 16 It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 17 How long have you been here?-______ half past three. 18How long has that car been here?-______ yesterday. 19 How long have you been in this school?-______ four years. 20 How long has that boy been in your class?-______ six weeks. 21 How long have you lived here?-______ 1996 二、用have(has) been、have(has) gone 、have/has been to/in, have gone to填空。 1、A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island. A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there. A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once. 2、Where is Jack? He __________ his country. John _______ England since he came back. How long _____ he _____ this village? The Smiths ______ Beijing for years. _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times. I _____ this school since three years ago. 三、选择填空
一般过去时和现在完成时练习题 1. A. 用already或yet 1) Have they taken down the old pictures ___ ___? No, they haven’t____ ___. 2) Most of us have finished our compositions _____ . 3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____ ___. B.用since或for 1) We have learned five lessons __ __ _ the beginning of this term. 2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital __ _ ___last week. 3) I have stayed at my aunt’s ___ __two weeks. C. 用have gone或have been 2) Is your father in? No, he ___ _ to Shenzhen. _______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times 3) He asked me if I___ __ to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I __ __ never _ ___ to that city before. 2. 选择填空 1.Mother __ __me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well. A. had made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried 2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learned...has B. learned (i) C. has learned...has D. has learned (i)
一般过去时 1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t） ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t） ⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were 后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则： 1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 5．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 现在完成时： 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） （1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead …… a）1.have代替buy