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附录笔记常用符号和缩略语(建议打印)

附录笔记常用符号和缩略语(建议打印)
附录笔记常用符号和缩略语(建议打印)

附录一笔记常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations) 1.常用笔记符号:

符号信息意义

箭头符号

↑ 上升;提高;增强;上涨;增长;扩大;起飞;升空;提拔;晋升(grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards)

↓ 下降;下沉;降低;滑坡;轰炸;减少;恶化;降职;削减/裁减(drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards)

↗上扬;渐渐好转(become better and better)

↘下挫;不断亏损(become worse and worse)

→ 出口;去;向前;出国;前往;运往;导致;发展成为… (export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause)

← 回顾;从前;进口;倒退;来自;源于(come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from)例如:café ← French意为: café源自于法语

数学符号

+ 增加;补充;除此之外;另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc)

—减少;删除;缺乏(minus, lack, deduct, except, subtract)

×表示“不对的,错的,坏的,不好的,臭名昭著的”(mistake, incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious)

> 超过,大于,胜过,优于(more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to)

>>大大超过(much greater than, much more than)

< 小于,不足,次于,逊色(fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to)

<<远远少于(much less than)

= 等于符号(equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”(equal to, the same as),另外可以表示“是…

的对手“(a rival, a competitor)等意思。

还可以表示“同等”概念(means, that is to say, in other words, the same as, etc)

≠ 表示否定意思“不等于”(not equal to ),“不同”(be different from),或者“无敌、不是…对手”

(matchless, peerless, no match for)

≈ 表示“大约,左右”(approximately, around, about, or so)

∑ 总和;总数(total, the total number/sum, totally)

∵表示“原因,理由”(because, owing to, thanks to, due to)

∴表示“结果、结论”(therefore, as a result, consequently, so)

标点符号

:表示“说,告诉,认为,宣称,声明,抗议,譬如”(say, speak, tell, declare, announce, protest, such as)

? 表示“问题,疑问,问”(problem, issue, question, doubt, suspicious, skeptical, ask, puzzle, confused, mystery, bewildered)

·(1)表示“观点,意见,注意,论点”(viewpoint, opinion, idea, point)

(2)表示不同的时间概念。如用“d”表示“今天”(today),那么“昨天”(yesterday)即用“·d”表

示,“前天”(the day before yesterday)同理类推,可记为“··d”,3天前(Three days ago)可写成“·3d”;

“d·”表示“明天”(tomorrow),“d··”表示“后天”(the day after tomorrow)。

!表示“危险,警告,当心,值得注意的是,重要”

1)dangerous, warning, alarming, alert, hazardous, perilous, jeopardy, watch out …

2)very important, vital, crucial, critical

( ) 表示“包括,在…之中”(including, within, among, inside)

其他符号

@ 表示“关于”(about, as for, concerning, with respect to, etc)

?表示“我谨代表”(on behalf of)

⊙表示会议室的圆桌(round table),中间的一点可以把它看作一个烟灰缸或一个花瓶,因此整个符号表示“会议,开会”(meeting, meet),或者“讨论”(discussion)等意思。其他有关会议的单词

有:conference, symposium, convention, session, forum, seminar, council, congress, assembly,

gathering, committee, commission, association, union, senate, parliament.

∪这个符号形似一个杯子(glass),在听力测试记录中可用来表示“协议、协定、合同”

(agreement, contract, treaty, covenant, compact, convention, resolution),因为人们签约时,往往会

举杯祝福,非常形象。表示双边协议(Bilateral Agreement),三边协议(Trilateral Agreement)

或多边协议(Multi-lateral Agreement),也很容易,只要在∪中分别加2,3或m就可以了,即 2 3

或 m。

>< 表示“对立,冲突”(confrontation, conflict)

∞ 表示交流,沟通等(communication, interaction)

表示“影响,效果,压力,负担”(influence, effect, affect, impact, have bearing on, pressure, stress,

burden, load)

♀ 表示“女性”(woman, female, famine)

♂表示“男性”(man, male, masculine)

□表示国家(country, state, nation)

□表示“出口”(export)

□表示“进口”(import)

?表示“发展”(development, advancement)

Λ 表示“领导,顶点,顶级,顶峰”

1) top, head, peak, uttermost, climax, supreme, crown

2) leader, director, chancellor, boss, manager, officer, captain, king, queen, emperor, empress, majesty,

dictator, ruler, commander, governor, mayor, administrator, supervisor, monitor, minister, president 表示“国家领导人,政府首脑”(state leader, government head)

和;与;共同;与…在一起;陪同(and, together with, accompany)

√ 表示“正确,对,好,肯定,著名,同意,支持”(correct, good, affirmative, certain, well known, famous, agree, support)

°表示“人,人民”(person, people)。如:中°,US°,经°,物°

~表示“交流,交换,替代,相互”(exchange, replace, mutual, each other)

// ?表示“停顿/止,终止”(stop, halt, complete, finish)

??表示“渠道”(channel, tunnel, tube, pipe, ditch)

表示高兴(happy, glad, pleased, delighted, enjoy)

∈表示“属于” (belong to)

☆星号常表示“重点,重心,重视,优秀,杰出,”

1) important, significant, key, crucial, critical, meaningful, essential, decisive, consequential,

2) outstanding, distinguished, marked, remarkable, notable, excellent, perfect, eminent, famous,

well-known, well-recognized, great, prominent, prestigious, extraordinary, glorious, noteworthy,

grand, magnificent

3) wonderful, terrific, fantastic, fabulous, marvelous

4) chief, primary, main, major, dominant, overwhelming, most

5) emphasize, stress, focus, underscore, underline, highlight, attach great importance to, lay stress on,

pay attention to

* 表示“特征,特点”(feature, character, characteristic, symbol, sign, peculiarity, attribute, quality, nature, trademark, mark, specialty

⊕表示“医院,红十字”(hospital, red cross)

TM 商标£英镑$美元¥人民币

2.常用字母所代表的含义

y 年year

M 月month

w 周week

h 小时hour

m 分钟minute

s 秒钟second

d 日子,今天day, today .2y 两年以前two years ago c 世纪century

e 经济economy economics

f 金融finance, financial

g 政府government

n 多个many, much, several

p 政治,政党,政权politics, policy, party s 科学,社会science, society

v 胜利,成功victory, triumph, success,

achievement

3.常见国际组织缩写

联合国UN = United Nations

安理会SC = Security Council

联合国计划开发署UNDP = United Nations Development Program

联合国教科文组织UNESCO= United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization

联合国儿童基金会UNICEF = United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund 国际货币基金组织IMF = International Monetary Fund

联合国国际法庭ICJ = International Court of Justice

联合国维持和平部队UNPKF = United Nations Peace-Keeping Force

国际原子能机构IAEA = International Atomic Energy Agency

国际奥委会IOC = International Olympic Committee

国际刑事警察组织Interpol = International Criminal Police Organization

东南亚国家联盟ASEAN = Association of Southeast Asian Nations

北大西洋公约组织NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization

欧盟EU = European Union

世贸组织WTO = World Trade Organization

关贸总协定GATT = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

世界卫生组织WHO = World Health Organization

亚太经济合作组织APEC = Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

石油输出国组织OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 七国集团G-7 = Group of Seven

八国集团G-8 = Group of Eight

5.热点词汇英文缩写:

国民生产总值GNP = Gross National Product

国内生产总值GDP = Gross Domestic Product

五年计划5y计/p

中国共产党CPC = Communist Party of China

人民代表大会NPC = National People’s Congress

中国人民政治协商回忆CPPCC = Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

社会保障体系社保/SSS = Social Security System

中国人民保险公司PICC = People’s Insurance Company of China

中国远洋运输公司COSCO = China Ocean Shipping Company

经济特区SEZ = Special Economic Zone

国有企业SOE = State-owned Enterprise

合资企业JV = Joint V enture

信息技术IT = Information Technology

研究和发展R&D = Research And Development

投资回报率ROI = Return of Investment

外国直接投资FDI = Foreign Direct Investment

汇丰银行HSBC = Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation 并购M&A = Merger and Acquisition

香港特别行政区HKSAR = Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 6.单词的四种常见缩略方法

1)省略所有元音

Market – mkt Manager – mgr Message – msg Standard – std Receive – rcv Prepared – ppd Background – bkgd Government – gvt Package – pkg Hotel - htl

2)保留前几个字母

Information – info Insurance – ins Exchange – exc

I owe you – IOU In stead of – I/O University – uni Biology – bio Association – asso Introduction – intro Minimum – min Maximum – max Chemistry – chem. Liberation – lib Subject – sub Document – doc International - int

3)保留开头和结尾

Week – wk Room – rm People – pl 4)根据发音

Are – r

Y ou – u

Though – tho

Through – thru

For – 4

See – c

附录二口译笔记符号(补充)Part 1

上海中级口译笔记符号

o表示“人”people/person,因为“o”看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:Jo。 ⅹ表示政府,统治:government,govern;governmental official 可以表示为ⅹo。 ⊙:“通货膨胀”(inflation)因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。 A:农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。 B:商业:business。 C×:冲突,矛盾(conflict,confrontation) W:工作,职业(work, employ )。 ??Worker employer employee employment i:工业(industry, industrial) 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。 □:“国家”、“民族”、“领土”(country, state, nation) →□表示进口,□→表示出口;□/□国家之间,国与国 椅子:主持、主办:chair, host, preside over。 ??chairman, host, president U:合同、协议类 (treaty, agreement, contract) 在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义) 在U内填入2,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral (三边的)。 填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。 如果在U上加一个“/”表示谈判破裂。 ︿表示“领导人”:leader, head ??head of government, head of company V 表示victory,success 成功等 ⊙:会议、开会等(meeting,conference,negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium)

笔记符号

朗阁专家把笔记符号分为以下四种: 数学符号 ∵:因为,由于,幸亏;because, due to, thanks to, … ∴:所以,因此,结果;so, therefore, consequently, … =:相同,一致,公平;the same as, equal to, similar to, … ≠:不同,不公平,有差距;difference, disparity, unfair, … ≈:大约,大概;about, almost, nearly, approximate, … >:大于,超过,高于;surpass, exceed, more than, superior to, … <:少于,低于;less than, inferior to, … +:另外,多;plus, add, moreover, besides, … -:减去,除去;minus, deduct, except, … α:行动,行为,法案;action, act, … (because of the pronunciation) ﹛﹜:在……之中,在……之内;among, within, … ∈:属于,源于;belong to, … ×:错的,不好的,负面的;wrong, mistake, bad, negative, … √:对的,好的,积极的;correct, good, positive, affirmative, … 惯用符号 ::看,想,说,评论;speak, express, think, … ?:疑问,疑惑:question, problem, issue, inquiry, interrogate, ask, puzzle, query, confused, mystery, … !:危险,警告,当心,注意;dangerous, warning, alarming, hazardous, jeopardy, watch out, certainty, of course, … ~:贸易,交换,交流,关于,代替;trade, exchange, communication, relationship, …_:这个,强调;(用于在一个确定单词下划线,加强语气,或者强调重点) e.g:举例,例如,比如;for example, such as, … 图形符号(此种符号考生可以继续自己扩展) ⊙:会议,聚会;conference, convention, session, seminar, council, congress, meeting, assembly, gathering, union, association, convocation, … ☆:重点,中心,重要的,杰出的;important, key, critical, meaningful, essential, eventful, outstanding, notable, great, wonderful, emphasize, stress, chief, main, pay attention to, fantastic, … *:特征,特点,代表;feature, character, symbol, sign, mark, specialty, represent, typify, on behalf of, stand for, … ^:领导,顶点,顶级;top, head, tip, peak, climax, leader, express, queen, ruler, monitor, minister, king, captain, … $:美元,钱,富裕的;dollar, money, rich, well-off, … ┛:过去;in the past, long before, past time, … ┗:将来;in future, will be, going to do, …

附录笔记常用符号和缩略语(建议打印)

附录一笔记常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations) 1.常用笔记符号: 符号信息意义 箭头符号 ↑ 上升;提高;增强;上涨;增长;扩大;起飞;升空;提拔;晋升(grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards) ↓ 下降;下沉;降低;滑坡;轰炸;减少;恶化;降职;削减/裁减(drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards) ↗上扬;渐渐好转(become better and better) ↘下挫;不断亏损(become worse and worse) → 出口;去;向前;出国;前往;运往;导致;发展成为… (export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause) ← 回顾;从前;进口;倒退;来自;源于(come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from)例如:café ← French意为: café源自于法语 数学符号 + 增加;补充;除此之外;另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc) —减少;删除;缺乏(minus, lack, deduct, except, subtract) ×表示“不对的,错的,坏的,不好的,臭名昭著的”(mistake, incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious) > 超过,大于,胜过,优于(more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to) >>大大超过(much greater than, much more than) < 小于,不足,次于,逊色(fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to) <<远远少于(much less than) = 等于符号(equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”(equal to, the same as),另外可以表示“是… 的对手“(a rival, a competitor)等意思。 还可以表示“同等”概念(means, that is to say, in other words, the same as, etc) ≠ 表示否定意思“不等于”(not equal to ),“不同”(be different from),或者“无敌、不是…对手” (matchless, peerless, no match for) ≈ 表示“大约,左右”(approximately, around, about, or so) ∑ 总和;总数(total, the total number/sum, totally) ∵表示“原因,理由”(because, owing to, thanks to, due to) ∴表示“结果、结论”(therefore, as a result, consequently, so) 标点符号 :表示“说,告诉,认为,宣称,声明,抗议,譬如”(say, speak, tell, declare, announce, protest, such as) ? 表示“问题,疑问,问”(problem, issue, question, doubt, suspicious, skeptical, ask, puzzle, confused, mystery, bewildered) ·(1)表示“观点,意见,注意,论点”(viewpoint, opinion, idea, point) (2)表示不同的时间概念。如用“d”表示“今天”(today),那么“昨天”(yesterday)即用“·d”表 示,“前天”(the day before yesterday)同理类推,可记为“··d”,3天前(Three days ago)可写成“·3d”; “d·”表示“明天”(tomorrow),“d··”表示“后天”(the day after tomorrow)。

口译笔记常用符号

4.3.2 口译笔记常用符号 在学会了对原语进行逻辑和思维路线再现之后,用适当的符号替换逻辑或者思维再现图中的部分文字,实际上就是口译笔记了,当然在真实的口译实践中,笔记还可以更进一步地简化。相当多的口译初学者觉得口译员使用的符号很神秘,看起来像天书一样,进而“神话”口译员的工作。其实口译员使用的符号主要来自于原语、译入语,小部分借用了速记符号。现在我们看看口译员常用的符号来源: 4.3.2.1 汉字、汉字偏旁部首、古汉语、简化汉字、拼音 大university, adult, generous, open-minded, large-size… 中middle school, medium-sized, intermediate, in the middle of, neutral,… 小primary (elementary), kid, children, mean, petty,… 凝聚ningju或者nju 饕餮taotie或者ttie “戈”可以用来代替“武器” 偏旁部首举例: 简化汉字举例: 4.3.2.2 英语、英语字母 英语单词的缩写规律:保留单词的辅音,去除元音,当然首字母是元音必须保留。一般保留三至五个辅音就可以帮助回忆整个单词,例如: impoverishment: impvr

debility: dblt rejuvenate: rjvn department: dpt standard: std reference: rfr 口译学习者还需要记住常用国际组织、专用名词、国家名及其首都名的缩写,例如: UN, UNESCO, NATO, APEC, OPEC, … Intellectual property protection: IPP NK, SK, CN, US, UK… 口译学习者还可以自己开动脑筋,充分发挥自己的创造性和想象力,开发出简介实用的笔记符号,下面以英文大写字母为例,看看如何创造性地在笔记中使用这些大写字母: A: first, top, excellent, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable, unusual E: eyesight, economy, economic, economical, electronic, East F: failure, false, wrong, not true, full, flag G: government, God H: health, help, support, connect, bridge, cross, Hour I: I / we, my (our) party, eye L: long, lengthen, prolong M: money, mail, mother, mountain, movement, McDonald, man, May, Member (ship), mm… N: nose, nation, name, nothing, no, negation, deny, need, necessary, North O: zero, circle, old, orange, our, one, empty, world, all, success, complete P: pm, peace, park, pay, politics, people, perfect, president, prime minister, head, flagship Q: quality, quantity, quarter, question, cute, balloon, head, suspect, doubt, unknown, difficulty R: respect, representative, request, about, relations, return S: smile, snake, turns and twists, society, social, silence, curve, slim T: time, tea, cross-disciplinary, compound, T-shirt, T-stage, disagreement, dispute, disapproval U: you (your party), pitfall, trap, recycle, cycle, return, valley V: victory, triumph, vs, valley, bottom, tip W: west, western, wave, fluctuate, ups and downs X: X-ray, XL, wrong, negation, cross, times, execute, kill Y: why, year, yes, approve, agree, young, deviate, tree, servant Z: zero, zoo, last, zigzag, turns and twists, dream, sleep (comic strip) 从以上例子可以看出,我们可以从拼写、发音以及字母的结构等方面来进行联想,在笔记中创造性地使用这些符号。 4.3.2.3 箭头 箭头在口译笔记中的使用可以毫不夸张地说“占了半壁江山”,首先动词的位置往往由右箭头代替。下面看看箭头的用法:

翻译的笔记符号

字母、图像 o表示“人”people/person,因为“o”看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:Jo。 C 表示政府,统治:government,govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZ P 表示政治:politics, political 希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZ G 表示效率:efficient, effective。 G为效率符号。 Q 表示“通货膨胀”:inflation 因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。 A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。 B 表示商业:business。 C×表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontation “C×”中的“×”表示反对,字母“C”将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。 W 表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。 它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而“ Z” (小圆圈)在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee。 i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。

U U 看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。 如果在U内填入2,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral (三边的)。 填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。 如果在U上加一个“/”表示谈判破裂。 O 表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等:country, state, nation, etc. gO表示进口,Og表示出口 这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办:chair, host, preside over。 那么在此符号上加Z表示主席,主持人:chairman, host, etc. T 表示“领导人”:leader, head 那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT ⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,conference, negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium ∞这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示“捕鱼业”等合fishery 有关的词汇。 O 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc. J 表示开心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc. L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc. EO 表示听到、众所周之:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc. O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don’t care much, etc.

口译笔记常用缩略与符号-附练习一篇

口译笔记常用符号及含义 ∵因为,由于,幸亏,because, for, as, due to, thanks to ∴所以,因此,于是,so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently, accordingly // 但是,然而,不过,相反,but, however, whereas, though, nevertheless, instead, contrast ∫如果,假设,if, once, provided that, in case (of), had I known, were this to happen + 另外,和,并且,连同,以及,加上,and, as well as, too, plus, add, moreover, besides = 也就是,即,意味着,等同于,which means, that is, in other words, equal to, same, similar ≠不同于,不如,不相当,different, unlike, not the same, unequal ≈大约,估计,大概,about, almost, nearly, estimated > 大于,多于,超过,高于,好于,more than, better than, superior to, surpass, exceed < 小于,少于,低于,次于,less than, inferior to ↑增长,发展,提高,升级,increase, raise, improve, develop, grow, boost, enhance ↓减少,下降,降低,decrease, decline, descend, reduce, cut, fall, drop →导致,引起,引发,到,向,去,to, lead to, cause, result in, bring about, contribute to ←由,自,归因于,result from, attributed to, credited to √正确,好,妥善,真实,肯定,good, true, correct, yes, well, positive, confirm, genuine ×错误,不是,否定,无效,负面,坏,bad, wrong, not, negative, false, rather than ?属于,包括,包含,例如,belong to, including, part of, contain, such as, for example ∑总和,总数,总之,一句话,结论,sum, all, conclusion, in one word, summary, in brief @ 关于,有关,相关,about, on, relevant, related, concerning, with regard to ? 问题,麻烦,难题,疑惑,ask, question, problem, trouble, confused, difficulty, issue ! * 重要,重视,注意,警告,强调,important, focus, alert, attention, warning, stress, emphasize :说到,表示,提出,认为,想,相信,say, speak, tell, express, think, believe, be sure that <: 看到,了解到,意识到,考虑到,表明,显示出,see, know, show, imply □国家,地区,country, state, nation, region, area, ○世界,国际,全球,world, international, global, earth ⊙会议,讨论,谈判,meeting, conference, discussion, negotiation, seminar, summit h 主持,领导,主席,host, head, leader, chairman, president △代表,represent, on behalf of ∽互相,彼此,交换,交流,替代,each other, exchange, mutual, replace ?改变,变化,变形,转变,change, alter, transform ﹩美元,货币,金钱,财富,dollar, money, currency, fortune ﹟结束,停止,暂停,完成,stop, pause, end, finish, complete ⊥基础,根本,建立,根据,通过,凭借,based on, establish, according to, through ∪同意,认可,一致,协议,联合,agree, agreement, united, union ?高兴,荣幸,激动,乐观,满意,happy, pleasure, excited, privilege, honor, satisfied, luck ?难过,抱歉,同情,哀悼,后悔,生气,sad, sorrow, grief, sorry, sympathy, regret, angry °右上角标,表示人,者,家,如:中国人中°,Economist E° s右上角标,表示复数概念,如:几年来y s,各国□s _ 放在时间周围表示之前、之中和之后,如:2年前2y ,1年来1y ,6月后6M 放在缩略词或符号下,用于强调或加强语气,如:充分认识到<: ,深表赞同U

口译笔记常用符号

常用符号 (一)数学符号 +表示“加上”、“另外”、“除此之外”or“多”(plus, and, in addition to 或者many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.) ++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级:more +3 表示“多”的最高级:most -表示“减去”or “缺乏/少”(minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of etc或者little, few) ×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念(wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.) √表示“对的”、“好的”、“积极的”(correct, good, positive, affirmative) > 表示“多于”或者“超过”(bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.)< 表示“少于”或者“不如”、“逊色”(less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.) ≥表示“大于或等于”、“不少于”(more than or equal to, no less than) ≤表示“小于或等于”、“不多于”(less than or equal to, no more than) = 表示“同等”、“相当于”(means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.) 也表示“对手”概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.) ≠表示“不同”概念(be different from, etc. )表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.) ≈表示“大约”概念(about/around,approximately, or so,etc.) ?表示“属于”(belong to) ( ) 表示“在......之间”(among, within, etc. ) ( 和)都可以表示并列 / 表示“否定”,“消除”等概念(cross out, eliminate, etc.) ∵“由于”、“因为”、“幸亏”(because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to) ∴“所以”、“因此”、“结果是”(so, therefore, as a result, consequently) ⊥表示“在……基础上”(based on),或者“影响”、“效果”、“压力”“负担”(influence, effect, impact, pressure, stress, burden, load) E 数学符号表示总值(total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. )(二)标点符号 : 表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, express, think, etc. ? 表示“问题”或“疑问”:question,issue,doubt例如:台湾问题:tw? 也可表示“问”(ask)·(dot) 这个“·”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“·d”表示yes terday, “·y”表示last year, “·2m”表示two mo nths ago。“y”表示this year, “y2·”two year later. “next week”, 可以表示为“wk·” !(感叹号)用来引起注意,表示“危险”、“警告”、“当心”或者“值得注意的是”(dangerous, warning, alarming, alert, hazardous, jeopardy, watch out或者sure, certainly, of course) (三)图形符号 ∥表示转折(but, however, although, nevertheless) ☆表示“重要的”状态:important,exemplary(模范的)best,outstanding,brilliant,etc. ?表示“人”(person, people),因为它看起来像个人头。但是一般不单独用,用在单词、符号或者字母的右上角,比如“中国人”可以写成“中?”,“美国人”(US?), “政客/政治家”(政?),“老师”(T?或者教?) ?表示“会议”、“开会”、“讨论”或“谈判”等(meeting, meet, conference, discussion, negotiation),因为看起来像圆形的会议桌。 表示“国家”、“民族”(country, state, nation)

笔记中英语缩写

一、缩写词: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. 1.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics

dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration

笔记当中的缩写和符号

一、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式: 1.拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive 2.保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O 3.保留开头和结尾的发音字母 WK week RM room PL people 4.根据发音 R are THO though THRU through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address 二、字母、图像 Z 表示“人” people/person,因为Z 看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:JZ。 C 表示政府,统治:government,govern,希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为CZ。 P 表示政治:politics, political,希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician 就可以表示为PZ。 E 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E在数学符号中表示总值。 G 表示效率:efficient, effective。G为效率符号。 Q 表示“通货膨胀”:inflation,因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。 A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture,经常用到,所以用首字母代替。

笔记符号汇总

目录 [1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations [2].关于缩略词 [3].关于字母和图像 [4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cp = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels; retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared

口译笔记法符号汇总(超级全面)

一、地名简写 高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来.会很费时间。因此,常用国名的记录方法应常记心中,比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。有时还可以借助“|-”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。例如:the Republic of Korea(ROK,南朝鲜),表示为“-K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK,北朝鲜), 就可以表示为“K-”,Central London,表示为LD。Western Europe (西欧)表示为“|EU”,Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。 练习:Eastern Europe, South Africa, North China, Western Germany, South Asia,Central Ital 二、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式: (一)拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive (二)保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O (三)保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM room PL people (四)根据发音 R are THO though

笔记常用符号及缩略语

一、常用符号(一)数学符号 +表示“加上”、“另外”、“除此之外”or “多”(plus, and, in addition to 或者many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.) ++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级:more +3 表示“多”的最高级:most -表示“减去”or “缺乏/少”(minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of etc或者little, few)×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念 (wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.) √表示“对的”、“好的”、“积极的”(correct, good, positive, affirmative) > 表示“多于”或者“超过” (bigger/larger/greate r/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.) < 表示“少于”或者“不如”、“逊色” (less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.) ≥表示“大于或等于”、“不少于”(more than or equal to, no less than)

≤表示“小于或等于”、“不多于”(less than or equal to, no more than) = 表示“同等”、“相当于”(means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.) 也表示“对手”概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.) ≠表示“不同”概念(be different from, etc. )表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.) ≈表示“大约”概念(about/around,approximately, or so,etc.) ?表示“属于”(belong to) ( ) 表示“在......之 间”(among, within, etc. ) ( 和)都可以表示并列/ 表示“否定”,“消除”等概念(cross out, eliminate, etc.) ∵“由于”、“因为”、“幸亏”(because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to) ∴“所以”、“因此”、“结果是”(so, therefore, as a result, consequently) ⊥表示“在……基础上”(based on),或者“影响”、“效果”、“压力”“负担”(influence, effect,

57个常用速记符号

常用速记符号 大于〉小于V小于或等于秋于或等于麦等于、意味着二不等于黑约等于嚨憾、悲哀;高兴、荣兴(错误、否、不、否定XE确、对、好、肯定A不同意N同意Y 上升、增加f下降、减少J强、好+更强、更好++弱、差—更弱、更差一一因为???所以二优秀★属于?胜利V问题、疑问?和、与&结论是=>促进、发展/国家口国与国口/ □ 原因—导致、结果T对立、冲突><波折VV会议、会面。进入n接触、交往X 分歧丄非常、十分重要**坚持苇关键!奇观!有关@替换为s但是与??…比较而言//空洞贸表厶 口译笔记的功能是: 第一、具有辅助短时记忆的作用,避免遗忘漏失。第二、透过图像、版面与符号的交错运用,笔记具有语段逻辑分析与保存的功能,能将语篇的段落整理清楚并保存一段时间。 笔记是口译讯息整理与保存的工具,运用这项工具时必须先了解到底笔记的内容是什么。缩减练习中已经提到,建立新架构的必要讯息是5W1H「六何」(何人、何事、何时、何地、何物、如何)。再加上,数字与专有名词就是了。 在讯息内容之外,还要进一步掌握的就是讯息内容之间的关系。 讯息关系内容说明方法运用 段落的顺序显示出语篇或语意的段落画线或排列表示 逻辑的关系祝贺、谢词、欢迎、感想运用笔记符号表示 强弱的程度表达状语等修饰词,如「极为」、「少许」、「经常」、「偶而」等在右上角用1-2个+ -!?等表示 变化的情形升高、降低、波动、剧变运用V> 等表示 一、做口译笔记时的注意事项 1. 口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应 也不必取代记忆。

口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。 2. 口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。 3. 口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN或联大” 4. 口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如: 二、常用速记符号 速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。 三. 笔记的方法 至于笔记的方法可以分为: 笔记的结构、笔记的语言与笔记的原则来谈。分述其定义及运用方法如下: A.笔记的结构(指将讯息置于笔记纸上的组织方法) 1. 纵向分页--要将版面分割以充分利用纸面,可以纵向画一条中线区隔。 2. 横向分段--在每一语意完整的段落之后画一稍长之横线,每一口译段落之后则画一条贯穿版面之横线。 3. 阶梯式排列--适用于表示讯息的先后顺序。 4. 条列式记法--适用于表达并列的讯息或是连手、对立等语意内涵。 B.笔记的语言(运用图像、符号、简称、字母、文字或加以组合,以表达口语讯息的内容与结构。)

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