2012高考语法总复习(25)：数词，介词考点透析与精炼
考试要求：
介词是高考英语试题中比较重要的一个考查点，近年来的高考在单项填空题中直接涉及到对介词的考查，主要包括常用近义介词的用法区别、介词的常见搭配、介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等。
高考试题对数词的考查比重较小，主要以对倍数的表达方法及概数的考查为主。
知识总结：
数词部分
dozen和score的复数形式应注意以下几点：
dozen表示一打，十二个；score表示二十；当dozen与数词，或many，several等连用时，不加“s”，所修饰的名词前常省去of，score则不然。
two dozen pencils两打铅笔
two score of pencils四十支铅笔
dozens of people= scores of people许多人
当后面的名词前有限定词时, dozen后应加of。
a dozen of these people
two dozen of them
three score and ten people（中不加of）七十人
序数词的用法：
序数词一般由基数词后加th构成，前面一般加定冠词the，表示“第几”；加不定冠词，则意为“又一，再一”。
I can do better if I have a second chance. 如果再有一次机会，我能做得更好。
基数词与序数词连用时，通常是序数词在前：
the first two pages of the book 这本书的前两页
分数的表示法
分数由基数词和序数词合成，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母的序数词要用复数形式。
1/3：one(a)third 2/3：two thirds three-sevenths：七分之三
特殊的表达：
1/2：one(a)half 1/4：one (a) quarter/one (a) fourth 3/4：three quarters
分子与分母之间加in或out of,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。
one in/ out of ten：十分之一 five in/ out of eight：八分之五
百分数的表示法：
表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可：twenty percent=20% 百分之二十注意：分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：
分数/ 百分数+of +冠词/ 限定词+名词/ 代词，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致。
Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.
小数的表示法：
小数的表示法，小数点前的数字正常读，小数点用point，小数点后面的数读成个位数。“零”读字母o的音或zero，小数点前就按基数词去读，小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出。
数词的其它表达式：
No.1 第一号
第一次世界大战：the First World War或World War I
501号房间：Room 501
538路公共汽车：Bus 538
倍数的表示法：
倍数用在as+形容词/副词(原级)+名词+ as结构之前
Your salary is three times as much as mine. 你的薪水是我的三倍。
倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前或by + 倍数用在比较级之后
Your salary is twice more than mine. 你的薪水比我多两倍。
倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数 + the + size / length / weight …+ of + 表示比较对象的名词，也可用于倍数 + what引导的从句中
By and large，Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain. 大概算来，尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的三倍。
约数的表示法：
用ten，dozen，score，hundred，thousand，million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念;
用less than，under，below，almost，nearly，up to等来表示小于或接近某数目；
用more than，over，above，beyond，or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目；
用or，or so，about，around，some，more or less等表示在某一数目左右；
用to，from … to…，between … and表示介于两数词。
钟点、日期、年龄的表示法：
钟点：表示整点8:00：eight o'clock (sharp)；表示在某个钟点，用介词at。
表示在某月某日，都用介词on：
年月日同时出现时，年代位于最后，其前加逗号：
表示“在几十年代”用in十the十逢十的数词复数：in the 1990s/1990’s
表示“在某人的几十岁”时，可用介词in+ one’s+整十位数的复数形式：in his fifties；但表示十多岁时用：in one’s teens。
表示“一个八岁的男孩”，可以有多种表达法：
a boy of eight，a boy of eight years old，a boy of eight years of age，a eight-year-old boy
与基数词合成的定语，其中的名词用单数：a three-month-old baby， five-year plan。
介词部分
介词不能单独使用，必须后跟宾语，构成介词短语在句中使用，介词短语由介词+宾语构成，在句中可作状语、定语和表语等。
in, on, to, with, by, for, at, from, up, beyond, before, among, of, off, against, like, since, besides, behind, during等
about
be about to …即将做……
What/How about …? ……怎么样
for
交换：He sold the house for 50,000 yuan.
达到某一数值：She wrote a check for ￡20.
赞成，拥护：I’m for getting up early and going to bed early.
固定搭配：
for one thing 首先
for example 例如
for ever 永远
for the time being 暂时，目前
for instance 例如
for free 免费
for the first time 第一次
for sale 出售，待售
watch out for 警惕
long for 渴望
for one’s good 为（某人）好
with
和……一起:：He is playing table tennis with Tom.
用……工具：Don’t write with a pencil.
随着：The weather changes with seasons.
带有，具有：Our company needs people with specialized knowledge.
行为方式：Handle with care！
原因：She shivered with cold.
注意：with的复合结构：常在句中作状语，表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。
She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)
她经常开着窗户睡觉。
He came in with a book in his hand. (prep.)
他手里拿着本书进来了。
She felt scared with so many people looking at her. （doing）
这么多人看着她，她感到害怕。
With everything bought, he left the market. (done)
买完了所需要的东西之后，他离开了市场。
With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .(to do)
由于没有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步。
He left his room with the light on. (adv.)
他离开了房间，灯亮着。
by
用于被动结构：This book was written by Lu Xun.
表地点，“靠近，在……的旁边”：There is a pumping station by the river.
表时间，“在……之前，不迟于”： You must hand in your homework by tomorrow.
表方法、手段：You will make progress only by studying hard.
途径：He entered by the back door.
表示按某物标准或单位：The company paid me by the hour.
根据，按照……：Don’t judge a person by his appearance.
触及，持住某人的身体或衣物：I took the boy by the hand.
表增减程度：He missed the target by an inch.
固定搭配：
little by little 逐渐地
stone by stone 一块石头一块石头地
one by one 一个一个地
by mistake 由疏忽所至
by no means 决不
by accident 偶然
by chance 偶然，碰巧
by oneself 独自
by and by 不久以后
by far ……得多，最……
to
趋于，倾向（某种情况，性质等），至某种状态： I was moved to tears.
到（地点）：Last week her aunt came to Shanghai.
给：I often write to my uncle.
差（时间）：It is ten to eleven.
比： The score is 2 to 1.
伴随：He danced to the music.
他随着音乐跳舞。
固定搭配:
to one’s delight =to the delight of sb. 使某人高兴的是
to one’s joy = to the joy of sb. 使某人高兴的是
to one’s sorrow=to the sorrow of sb. 使某人悲伤的是
to one’s astonishment =to the astonishment of sb. 使某人大吃一惊的是to one’s surprise =to the surprise of sb. 使某人吃惊的是
off
离……, 从……离开：It is an island off the coast of France.
through
通过，“从一边进，从另一边出”：She pushed her way through the crowd.
由于：The war was lost through bad organization.
从头至尾，由始至终：I read through the book.
各处：We traveled through France.
beyond
表示位置在那一边，超出（范围、限度）：
My home is beyond the bridge.
This is beyond my comprehension.
The fruit was beyond my reach.
against
反对，违背：We are against waste.
靠着，倚：I sat against the wall.
以……为背景，衬托：The picture looks good against that light wall.
防御：We are all taking medicine against the disease.
我们大家都在吃药预防那种病。
与……相反，逆着：We sailed against the wind.
at
在（表空间、地点）：I don’t know the man standing at the gate.
在……时刻（表时间）：We usually go to work at two in the afternoon.
以……（速度、价格）：They sold their beef at a high price.
处于……状态，从事于：The two countries were at war.
表示目标，意为“朝，对”：We had a heated argument and shouted at each other.
与有情感的词语连用（如angry, delighted, glad, happy, sad, disappointed, shocked, excited等）表示产生这些感情的原因，“因为，对于”：
I was surprised at the news.
We were in deep sorrow at his death.
I’m glad at hearing your return home from Canada.
His parents were disappointed at his losing the chance to university.
固定搭配：
at the latest 最迟
at sea 在海上，在航海
at once 马上
at most 至多
at least 至少
at first 起初，开始的时候
at present 目前
at one time 曾经
at a time 一次
at breakfast 吃早餐时
at the same time 同时
at stake 在胜败关头，冒风险
over
超过：There are over twenty girls in our class.
遍于：I have traveled all over Europe.
在……上方（与under相反）：There is a bridge over the river.
越过(尤指先往上再往下)：He jumped over the wall.
在……期间：Will you be at home over Christmas?
通过：I don’t want to say it over the telephone.
在……上面盖着：He put the newspaper over his face.
in
在……方面：Your success in the examination depends upon your efforts now.
用……语言：He wrote a letter in English.
表示计算或度量的标准，“用……，以……”：The energy is measured in calories.
在……之内（表时间或空间）：The work was completed in two weeks.
过……后（时间）:It will be ready in a week.
穿、戴：He is in a silk shirt.
表状态：He was in poor health.
The room is in a mess.
表示原材料：The letter was written in ink.
固定搭配：
in public 公开地
in order to 为了
in no time 立刻
in common 共同，共用
in all 总共
in fact 实际上
in the end 最后，终于
in the distance 在远处
in a low voice 低声地
in a word 总之
in other words 换句话说
in modern times 现代，近代
in place 在适当的地方
in general 一般说来
in the past 在过去
in this way 用这种方法
in return 作为回报
in short 简言之
in the open air 在户外
take pride in 以……自豪
take part in 参加
play a part in 在……方面起作用
in the form of 以……形式
in sight 在视力范围之内，看得见
in case 万一
in the name of 以……名义
in detail 详细地
on
在……的表面上：There are two maps on the wall.
在……的时候（某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上），表具体或特殊的日子：
On the morning of November 12, 1939, Dr. Bethune breathed his last.
有关，论及：I have written an article on the importance of birth control.
在……河畔，沿着：London is on the Thames.
是……的一员：My classmate is on China Daily.
固定搭配：
on doing sth. 一……就……
on leave 休假
on purpose 故意
on holiday 度假
on the whole 总的来说
on fire 着火
on one’s own 独自，单独
on strike 罢工
on the left/right 在左/右边
on the contrary 相反地
on sale 出售/减价
on average 平均
on the air （无线电/电视）播送
on board 在车/船/飞机上
call on sb. 拜访某人
on behalf of 代表
On (hearing)... 一（听到）……就……
of
和某一动词连用表示“想到”，“谈到”：He began to talk of his hometown.
表示所属关系：He is a worker of the Beijing.
from
from among(从……当中)，from behind （从……后面），from under (从……下面)，at about (在大约……左右)，after about(在大约……之后)，from across(从……的对岸)，from above(从……上方)等
I took a ball from under the table. 我从桌底拿出一个球。
易错点点拨：
1．in 与within
in后接表示时间长度的名词，可以与将来时或过去时连用。如果它与将来时连用，则
常表示“过一段时间之后”；如果与非将来时连用，常表示“在……之内”。
The train will arrive in fifteen minutes. 火车还有十五分钟就到了。
within后接表示时间长度的名词，表示在这一范围之内，“不超过，不到”某一段时间。可以同将来时和过去时连用，比in更正式。
I shall be back within three weeks. 我三周之内回来。
2．in 和after
in后接一段时间，after接某一点的时间，均可用于将来时。in不可以接表示某一点的时间名词，而after如果在过去时的句子中可以加一段的时间名词，表示从过去某一时间算起，in加一段时间指从现在的时间算起。
I’ll come back in an hour.
我要在一小时后回来。 ( in an hour为一段时间 )
I’ll come back after three o’clock.
我要在三点钟之后回来。（ three o’clock为时间点）
3．through , across和over
它们都可用作介词，与动词连用，表示“通过，穿过”。但across强调在某一物体平面上运动，与on有关，侧重横贯式横向通过；through强调运动在某一物体的三维空间（内部）进行，与in有关，侧重在空间穿过；over是从某物体上方越过，或在高形物上穿过，当表示在某一长形物的另一边时用法同across.
Then we took off and flew over the mountain.
随后我们起飞了，飞过高山。
The road runs through the village.
这条路穿过这村子。
They walked across the square.
他们走过广场。
4．besides 和except, but
besides “除……之外，还有……”，表示附加意义；except “除了，不包括”，常与表示全肯定或全部否定的词连用，表示整体中除去例外，即整体中不再包括除去部分。but 意义与except相同，但语气较except弱；使用except的限制较少，而使用but则有许多限制，but只能用在none, all, nobody, anybody, everything, everyone,以及who, what, where之后。
We all went to the party besides Tom.
除了汤姆参加了晚会，我们也去了。
We all went to the party except /but Tom.
除了汤姆没去晚会，我们都去了。
Who but/except a fool would do such a thing?
除了傻瓜，有谁会做这样的事情呢？
5．except 和except for
except 是从一组东西中排除其特殊一个或几个，except for则是以保留的方式对整个句子内容进行修正，也就是说，如果两部分所用的词或词组所表示的并非同一类事，而它们之间又是所属关系，句子后半部对前半部所说的基本情况在细节上加以修正，就要用except
for。except只用于句中、句末，不用于句首。Except for可用于句首。
I looked everywhere except in the bathroom.
除了浴室之外，我到处都看了。
He is a good man except for hot temper.
他是个好人，只是脾气暴躁而已。
6．It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth./ It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth.
如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格，在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语，则sb.前应用介词of，否则就用for。
It’s necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.
我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。
It was foolish of him to give up the job.
他放弃那工作是愚蠢的。（= He was foolish to give up the job.）
7. between 和 among
between 一般表示在两者之间，也可表示在两个以上的人或物的两者之间。
among用于三者以上，常指数目不确定的事物，还可用于最高级=one of…
虽然between和among都可表示在两者以上之间，但among用于不分别看待的一堆或一群人或物之间，between强调把两者以上各个个体分别看待，而且这些人或物为数不多，彼此界限分明,强调每两者之间的关系。
Distribute the books among the students.
把书发给学生。（有一群学生）
The speaker referred to the relations between the three countries.
发言的人提到了这三个国家之间的关系。（这三个国家之间的每两者间的关系）
China is among the oldest countries in the world.
中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。（among =one of）
8. by, in 和with
by 表示方法、手段,交通工具；in 表示原料、语言等；with 表示用工具和五官等
I write with my right hand.
我用右手写字。（五官）
The article was written in ink.
这篇文章是用钢笔写的。（in ink 表示原料=with a pen表示工具）
中考英语语法考点重点解析 中考英语语法考点重点分析（一） 中考是一种比较激烈的选拔性考试，它承担着为高级中学挑选优秀学生的任务，所以它一定要有必要的难度和区分度，我们在认真分析了近五年上海中考原题语法和词汇部分后（20xx年至20xx年），下面扼要的总结了些上海中考的重点和考点，帮助广大学生熟悉考试的具体要求和重点，为学生们备战中考提供必要的帮助。 初中生因为刚涉及英语学习，语法方面还没有过多学复合句等问题，中考的考核绝大多数是以词法为主，20xx年到20xx年语法单项选择15道题，涉及句法的题寥寥，一般在2道左右。20xx年单项选择增加到20道考核句法的题也没有超过两道。这体现了中考英语语法考核重在考察各种词法，强调最基础的学习和积累，为以后的高中学习打下牢固的基本功。 冠词和代词注意的问题： 例：The scientists from United States live in Ninth street.（20xx 上海中考题） A. the……the B. /……the C. /……/ D. the……/ 解析：这是考察冠词的一道典型试题，需要强调的是学生要牢牢记住一些冠词的特殊用法，如普通名词构成专有名词一定要用the 如：the Great wall长城 the Shanghai Museum 上海博物馆 the New Oriental School 新东方学校。另外注意零冠词的用法：街道、广场、
公园的前面不用任何冠词。所以这道题是选择D。 例：Liu xiang and Yao ming are world-famous sports stars.____ of them have set a good example to us .(20xx年上海中考题) A. all B. neither C. both D. none 例：There are many new high-rises on ___ side of Huaihai Road .What a magnificent view!（20xx年上海中考题） A. either B. neither C. both D. all 解析：代词部分尤其是不定代词部分历来是考试的重点。Both 是指两者的全肯定，是说都怎么样，而all是说全部都，这是在指三个人或者以上；none是指三个人或者以上都不怎么样，是否定的概念，neither是说两者的都不怎么样，也是否定的概念；最重要的是either这个单词，它表示两者都怎么样和both一样是肯定的，但是只说一个或者是任何一个。就上面这道题来讲，第一题说刘翔和姚明都给我们树立了榜样，两者的都肯定，所以选择C. 后一题是说淮海路两旁都是高楼大厦，按道理来讲应该是选择both，但是注意side 是一边，这是个单数，所以是说任意一边都是高楼大厦，选择A. 动词方面需要注意的问题： 一、近意动词的辨析选择 例：The VIPs from 21 countries will ___the APEC in Shanghai this autumn.（20xx年上海中考题） A. hold B. take part in C. join D. attend
高考英语专题练习（五） 介词与介词短语 1．The university started some new language programs to cater _______ the country's Silk Road Economic Belt. 2．The whole team count _______ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down. 3．Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but _______ Thomas Edison. 4．Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _______ animals both on land and sea? 5．Most people work because it's unavoidable. _______ contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work. 6．We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal _______ our emotions than for straight facts. 7．These comments came in response _______ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 8．This meeting room is a non－smoking area. I would like to warn you _______ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. 9．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃_______ the average. 10．The little pupil took his grandma _______ the arm and walked her across the street. 11．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃____ the average. A．below B．on C．at D．above 12．September 30 is the day ______ which you must pay your bill. A．by B．for C．with D．in 13．These comments came _______ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. A．in memory of B．in response to C．in touch with D．in possession of 14．What we expect from you is working hard hardly working? A．less than B．rather than C．as well as D．as much as 15．_______ a common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform. A．of B．on C．to D．with 16．Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables ______ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting. A．in demand B．in store C．on loan D．on sale 17．Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _______ sale. 18．But Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution _______ these villages without a local shop. 19．When Jane got home, with her small but well－chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _______ table having supper. 21．Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads _______ greater success in one's life. 22．Respect is very important _______ home, at school, and everywhere you go.
高考英语语法填空题考点分析与解题技巧 语法填空题的设置是全国卷高考英语试题的一项创新，它将语法知识的考查置于一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平.此题虽然只有15分，占英语全卷分数的十分之一，但也是英语考卷的重要组成部分，不容忽视.要想此题有好的发挥，学好语法，注重运用必不可少，这是基础；了解考点，掌握解题技巧才是确保得分的关键. 一、语法填空题命题原则及考点分析. （一）命题原则： 1.短文题材：题材多样，或体现文化内涵、文化交往，或给人以启迪等. 2.短文长度：约200词，一般不超过12句话，设10个空，句首不设空. 3.短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，此题考查考生在特定语境中语法的分析和运用能力. 4.考点设置：只能填一个词的纯空格题：设6-7个小题；用所给的词填空题：设3-4小题.纯空格题通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等词；给词填空通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、此类转换等，答案可能是一个单词、两个单词或两个以上单词. 5.常常会出现所填词位于句首，目的是考查该单词的第一个字母要大写. （二）考点分析：语法填空题主要考查的是语法和上下文的连贯性，而语法是重点.它主要考查的内容为高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况.具体考点和命题特点如下： 1．每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法. 【例1】In Greece women had little freedom.Wealthy women hardly left their houses,but they ___(allow) to attend weddings and some festivals. 【解析】因allow 与 they 在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用 be
高考英语介词专题复习 一﹑考点聚焦 1、介词的分类与语法功能 （1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。 介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、throughout 等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。 分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。 常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、疑问词加不定式等。 （2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。 2、介词搭配 （1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。（2）常见“形容词+ 介词”搭配。 （3）“名词+ 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。 3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析 （1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。 表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。 （2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。 (3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。 注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如： next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day one day、yesterday / afternoon, the night before （4）till、until、to的用法。 ①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。 但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。 ②to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。 （5）in、after、later ①in + 一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，用于各种时态。 ②一段时间+ later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。 ③after + 一段时间表示：“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即after + 点时间，用于各种时态。 另外，in + 一段时间+ ’s + time 与within + 一段时间的用法如下： in a week’s time = in a week They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用) My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.（作表语） I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态，不超出，在……之内) （6）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。 （7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词
马上就要中考了，祝大家中考都考上一个理想的高中！欢迎同学们下载，希望能帮助到你们！ 2020最新中考英语语法知识点汇总
一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、 程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通 常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小 姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词 担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打 扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者 “怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由
【备战高考】英语介词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择介词 1． passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking. A．For . B．Without C．Beneath D．By 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词辨析。句意：没有激情，人们就不会有创新思维所必须的动机和快乐。A. For 对于；B. Without没有； C. Beneath在……下面 ; D. By通过。没有激情，人们就不会有创新思维所必须的动机和快乐。所以空处填介词without。故填without。 2．Modern zoos should shoulder more social responsibility _______ social progress and awareness of the public. A．in light of B．in favor of C．in honor of D．in praise of 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 考查介词短语。句意：现代的动物园应该根据社会的进步和公众的意识来承担更多的社会责任。A. in light of根据，鉴于；B. in favor of有利于，支持；C. in honor of 为了纪念；D. in praise of歌颂，为赞扬。此处表示根据，故选A。 3．If we surround ourselves with people _____our major purpose, we can get their support and encouragement. A．in sympathy with B．in terms of C．in honour of D．in contrast with 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果我们周围都是认同我们主要前进目标的人，我们就能得到他们的支持和鼓励。A. in sympathy with赞成；B. in terms of 依据；C. in honour of为纪念； D. in contrast with与…形成对比。由“we can get their support and encouragement”可知，in sym pathy with“赞成”符合句意。故选A项。 4．Elizabeth has already achieved success_____her wildest dreams. A．at B．beyond C．within D．upon
高考英语语法填空之介词及介词短语专项练习 1.I began ________ a calculating machine ________ France ________ 164 2. 2.Spielberg is such a famous director that we're all looking forward to ________(see)his new films. 3.Driving cars instead of taking buses is harmful ________ our environment. 4.As far as I know, the little boy has a strong desire ________ knowledge. 5.On the contrary, most electronic media such ________ television, recordings, and radio make fewer demands on their audiences. 6.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun ________each other. 7.________ tradition, Chinese people will have a family reunion, admire the moon and share the mooncakes. 8.Nanjing is an old city which lies ________ the Yangtze River. 9.Ensure the guard is ________ place before operating the machine. 10.We must wake up to the fact that this kind of animal is ________ danger of dying out. 11.He was tired ________ the city life and hoped to move to the country. 12.He couldn't hold back his tears when he recalled what he had gone ________ during his childhood. 13.She adapted herself quickly ________ the new life in London. 14.The teacher came in________ a book in his hand. 15.________ memory of the dead soldiers, a grand memorial was built on the spot of the great campaign. 16.Doctors should be patient ________ their patients. 17.After I was programmed ________ an operator who used cards ________ holes，I could “think” logically and produce an answer quicker than any person. 18.Instead ________ going ________ a diet, she eats less fat and sugar and exercises more. 19.There were scores of scenes in this film where I was moved ________ tears. 20.With the Chinese people _______(unite) as one, any attempt to separate China is bound to fail. 21.As we approach our teenage years, we have to go ______ many physical and emotional changes.
学员编号：年级：高三课时数： 学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师： 授课类型T C介词T 教学目标使学生清楚高考常考介词的陷阱和解题技巧 星级★★★★ 授课日期及时段 教学内容 C-专题 （建议5分钟） 刘大认字 从前，一个姓刘的员外有个儿子叫刘大，是个大草包，斗大的字认不得一提篮，凭着刘员外的关系用钱买了个举人。他为了装出一副有学问的样子，整天拿着书本在门口装模作样地翻看。 有一天，穷秀才张云路故意为难他，对他说:“刘举人，我有一字不认得，又没有字典，特地来请教你。” 刘大假装斯文地问道:“怎么写的呀?” 张秀才说:“一个人字上面加一横。” 刘大不认得这个字，却装腔作势地说:“你先等一会儿，让我去查一下就来告诉你。” 走进家去问刘员外，刘员外告诉他:“别人都叫你刘大，刘大的大字就是这样写的。” 刘大出来按员外的话说了一遍。 张秀才又问:“大字下面加一点，这个字我也不认识。” 刘大说:“关于这个字嘛，我也得去查一查。”
问了出来，大声说:“你们都喊我妈太太，这就是太太的太字。” 张秀才又问道:“太字的一点拿起来放在右肩上，又念什么呢?” 刘大想，我家一共三口人，起初问我自己，其次问我老娘，这一次定是问我老爹的。哼！穷秀才，你明明认得，却来难我，好在人们面前显出你比我有学问，妄想！于是他很有把握地说:“你这个人真迂腐，大家都知道，我管我父亲喊爹，这就是我爹的爹字嘛！” 批注：笑话用“从前”开头，给人一个模糊的时间，而且谁也不去追究，这是讲故事常用的手法。“从前”是什么词?“前”为方位名词，那“从”是什么词呢?这就是我们现在要学的介词。 （建议20分钟） 一、介词的定义及分类 介词（是preposition，简称prep.)，又称前置词，是英语中最活跃的词类之一，连接主语和表语。特别是一些常用介词的搭配力特别强，可以用来表示各种不同的意思。英语里大部分习语都是由介词和其他词构成的。介词在句中一般不重读。在定语从句“介词+whom/which”的结构中，不能用that 代替whom/which（不能是who）。She is a good student from whom we should learn. 介词的种类：介词分简单介词和短语介词两种，简单介词及单个介词，如in ,under ,on ,for ,after ,等，短语介词指多个单词构成的介词，如in front of ,out of ,instead of ,far from ,apart from 等。
中考英语重点语法解析 一．英语语法重点与难点 1、as…as…结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom. 2、(1)too…to与so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak. (2) too…to…与not enough to句型的转换： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、形容词原级表示比较级含义： 约翰不象迈克那么苯。 John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. 5、the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
高考英语介词知识点专项训练及答案(4) 一、选择题 1．For students who don't intend to improve themselves in study and always participate in various social activities, college is______ a social center. A．at lowest B．at best C．at least D．at worst 2．In the dancing party, my dress is out of ________, so I feel a bit embarrassed. A．order B．date C．control D．reach 3．You say the manager might not agree to the plan? ________, I will not put it forward in the meeting tomorrow morning. A．In no case B．In any case C．In case D．In that case 4．We can communicate________people in every part of the world ________the Internet. A．with；with B．with；through C．through；through D．through；with 5．_______ the right decision _______ our future is probably the most important thing we will ever do in our life. A．Making, concerned B．Make, concerning C．To make, concerned D．Making, concerning 6．The comments which he made _________ marketing bothered his boss greatly. A．being concerned B．concerned C．be concerned D．concerning 7．Rose was wild with joy the result of the examination. A．to B．at C．by D．as 8．When a bird spots a hunter, _____ just flying away, it calls out in alarm and warns other birds. A．regardless of B．other than C．instead of D．rather than 9．As far as she could _______, there was nothing ______ low huts. A．turn out; besides B．make out; besides C．turn out; but D．make out; but 10．______ figure skating and gymnastics, there are no subjective votes made by judges in swimming. A．In contrast to B．In proportion to C．In association with D．In defense of 11．In case you feel nervous during the interview, you can make full preparations . A．in return B．in time C．in common D．in advance 12．Many video websites announce that viewers can watch shows and movies for free ________ watching advertising. A．in spite of B．on behalf of C．with the purpose of D．in exchange for 13．He helped me when I was in trouble, but asked for nothing . A．in relief B．in return C．in addition D．in charge 14．Running a company calls for intelligence, patience and a lot of experience._______, it's not an easy thing.
高考英语最新形容词，副词知识点经典测试题及解析(3) 一、选择题 1．Mary worked here as a _______ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company. A．contradictory B．contemporary C．permanent D．temporary 2．Mr. Stevenson is great to work for ——I really couldn’t ask for a ________ boss. A．better B．good C．best D．still better 3．Since global climate change is obvious, the home use of ________ energy like clean wind and solar power systems is increasing. A．primary B．alternative C．instant D．urban 4．He is absorbed in his ____________studies, neglecting sleep and meals. A．keen B．physical C．scientific D．sincere 5．The bank ______ from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. every day. A．opens B．keeps open C．keeps opened D．keeps opening 6．________ to a colorful campus culture, students should draw a line between what is their major concern and what is of ________ importance. A．Exposing…the least B．Having exposed...least C．Having been exposed…the less D．Exposed...less 7．---Have you finished your experiment report, Peter? ---Oh, my God. I’ve fogotten all about it. A．possibly B．selflessly C．exactly D．entirely 8．, few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development. A．Actually B．Frequently C．Especially D．Sincerely 9．Fitness is important in sport, but of at least importance are skills. A．valuable B．reasonable C．equal D．reliable 10．Some parents might find learning at home to be ________ beyond additional bonding with their children A．beneficial B．stainless C．relevant D．terminal 11．— Mr Smith was caught in a rainstorm yesterday. — I have known that, and ______ his new car was completely destroyed. A．fortunately B．hopefully C．thankfully D．unfortunately 12．The large passenger aircraft C919 AC 101, independently designed and developed by China, turned out to be a huge ________ success. A．controversial B．contradictory C．commercial D．compulsory 13．Experiments show that when kids are encouraged to share what they have, they're roughly twice as likely to be ________ later. A．generous B．outspoken C．intelligent D．liberal 14．Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature , thus creating
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。使用频率相当高，用法多而杂，一个介词可能有多种不同的用法；一个相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以在一轮的备考中必须逐一掌握每个高频介词的用法；弄清楚易混介词的用法异同；能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。常用介词、易错介词的辨析以及介词固定搭配的考查将是介词考查的主要方向。 一、介词的分类与语法功能 介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类或短语等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。 介词分为：简单介词，如at，in，for等；合成介词，如within，inside，onto，throughout 等；短语介词，如according to，out of，by means of，in spite of，instead of等；双重介词，如from behind /above /under，until after等；分词介词，如considering，including，judging (from/by) 等。 二、介词的意义 1．表示时间的介词 (1)in表示“在某一时间段”或“在某一时候”，如用在月、季、份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面，或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。in也可以指“在……之后”，表示从说话起的若干时间内。如： in July/summer//ancient times The bus will be here in ten minutes. (2)on表示“在特定的某一天”，也可用于带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如：on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st (3)at表示“在某一时间点”，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。如： at six o'clock, at Easter (4)over, through (out)两者均指“经过的全部时间”。如：
高考英语介词知识点解析含答案(7) 一、选择题 1．He gave me an apple _____ a cake. A．by means of B．in place of C．with regard to D．in exchange for 2．In the dancing party, my dress is out of ________, so I feel a bit embarrassed. A．order B．date C．control D．reach 3．Before you set out on a long journey, you'd better make sure that your car is ________. A．by order B．on order C．out of order D．in order 4．So many closings, evacuations, shutdowns, ___ emergency response teams, the heroes of 9/11, the country virtually stopped what it was doing and gathered around TV screens. A．except that B．except for C．besides D．besides when 5．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ ______ the average. A．below B．above C．about D．on 6．Summer is already approaching, but the g arden’s construction is________completion. A．apart from B．regardless of C．on account of D．far from 7．The candidate is not likely to win_____the fact that many voters have voiced their public disapproval. A．in case of B．in honor of C．in view of D．in favor of 8．China’s year-on-year growth in consumer price index ________ an almost eight-year high at 4.5 percent in November ________ higher prices of pork and other meat said the National Bureau of Statistics on Tuesday. A．hit; but for B．beat; due to C．beat; but for D．hit; due to 9．We had to break _______ our house after our vacation because we had lost the key on our way back home. A．in B．out C．down D．into 10．I can’t see the words on the blackboard. Your head is ________. A．on the way B．in a way C．by the way D．in the way 11．The dog suddenly started barking as if aware __________ the stranger’s approach. A．at B．to C．of D．with 12．The introduction ________ the book roughly talks about whether the introduction ________ independent taxation does good to local finances or not. A．to…to B．of…to C．to…of D．of…in 13．_________ this is the biggest progress you have made this term. A．In the way B．By the way C．In a way D．On the way 14．Like other animals, we are ________ until we know it is safe to relax. A．on purpose B．on fire C．on guard D．on duty 15．Rose was wild with joy the result of the examination. A．to B．at C．by D．as 16．It’s a mistake to think of Harbin only ______ its ice-snow tourism.