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生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究外文文献翻译2017

生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究外文文献翻译2017
生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究外文文献翻译2017

文献出处:Croxton K.LThe research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution modefJ]. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 2017, 1(2): 13-24.

原文

The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution mode

Croxton K L

Abstract

With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people’s life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand or iresh agricultural products. This rare agricultural socialization trend of consumption also offers fresh electronic commerce development opportunities, but now is the actual situation of fresh electronic commerce development is not very optimistic. For fresh food e-commerce,due to the particularity of fresh products, it requires the logistics distribution can be according to the requirements of the customer at the right time to provide enough fresh products,it is for the logistics service quality and time put forward higher requirements,delivery is not yet mature,distribution costs are high,low efficiency and service level is often difficult to guarantee,fresh products logistics distribution is a bottlenecK in the development of them.

Keywords: fresh food e-commerce,distribution pattern,cold chain logistics, and risk control 1 Introduction

Farmers1markets and supermarkets is the traditional channels of city residents to buy fresh agricultural products, but with the development of social economy speed boost, the rhythm of people’s life in the city than ever also had obvious increase,’’workers?’ due to the limitation of working hours, often the problem is there are very few time at a farmers’ market or supermarket to buy fresh prod uce,even after work at farmers’ markets or supermarkets to buy the fresh agricultural products, can buy goods is not fresh. With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people's life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand of fresh agricultural products,especially for "workers' this is more urgent demand.B2C,C2C e-commerce business now more concentrated in the electronic products, clothing and completely processed food, for the present stage of basic logistics service can satisfy the requirements of web site with the customer.

This article is mainly in the electronic commerce logistics distribution mode of fresh research aspects,based on fresh from the actual situation of electronic commerce and the close analysis of key element fresh food e-commerce,summarizes three different with general distribution mode of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution mode, the characteristics of the pattern design is by fresh good cooperation from the electronic commerce information online and offline business, to reduce the fresh raw e-commerce product line the difficulty of the logistics distribution,thus make the enterprise to offline logistics cost is high,the efficiency is not high to make a good deal with the problem of.

2 Literature review

Research of fresh agricultural products safety, F.S chwagele (2005) about the European fresh agricultural products traceability for the development of history,Europe for fresh food formulated laws and regulations, food companies are required to have their own traceability system, to ensure transparency in the whole process of the food production chain,can verify,is produced in Europe after the outbreak of a series of food safety accidents; Lists the Europe now use traceability technology,such as coding system EAN UCC (2002) - AIDC barcode, electronic data management system and RFID.K.E^ Belk, J.A. Scanga et al. (2005) to trace the history of the development of the American food, they think that the United States than in Europe and Japan in terms of food traceability backward,at the same time points out that the Carrefour and other large retail enterprises in the application of RFID technology played an important role, mainly adopts monomer great significance by IAID and group recognition AGID two methods on the meat recognition.

Research of fresh agricultural products supply chain knowledge, RD abbene, P.G ay and N.S acco (2008) argue that produce raw materials from leave growers or meat slaughterhouse to the terminal consumer impact on the cost and quality of this process play a key role, so it is necessary for fresh agricultural products supply chain to do enough research. Omar Ahumada, J.R ene Villaobos (2009) argue that due to a series of public health problems, the supply chain of agricultural products will face more strict rules and close monitoring. In fresh agricultural products distribution,Ana Osvald,Lidija Zadnik Stirn (2008) of fresh vegetables distribution path optimization algorithm has made the research of vehicle,and according to the working time window,distribution vehicle travel time and vegetables perishable characteristics the impact on the cost distribution path model is put forward- Omar Ahumada, J.R ene Villaobos

(2009) studied the fresh crop at harvest and distribution of two link planning problem,the model put forward by them to provide planted with maximum benefits.

For research of Cold Chain logistics,Americans Albert,Braille (Albert Barrier) and the British J.A. laidi qi (J.A.R uddich) at the end of the 19th century has elaborated on the Cold Chain (Cold Chain) point of view. But,until 1940,cold chain point of view to the attention of the world.C-D Tarantilis (2002), such as the problem of distribution route between the fresh meat in multiple warehouse was studied,and the random search heuristic algorithm and threshold accepting algorithm to solve this problem, this problem has a lot to the benefits of economic benefits to the enterprise. Kuala Lumpur ikar etc. (2006) put forward during the cold-chain food sales and storage of food cold chain management quality has a great influence.R.M ontanari (2008) analyzed the impact of supply chain under the condition of perishable food quality,time, temperature control is a key issue, starting from the point of view of technology and management were put forward to solve the problem.Andrej Ovca etc. (2009) put forward the consumer need for perishable food from procurement to use the entire cold chain maintenance of cognitive deficiencies.Chaug - Ing Hsu (2011) developed a kind of temperature distribution of equipment model, using replaceable cool storage technology incubator to meet the needs of distribution network.

2The analysis of fresh food e-commerce distribution factor

2.1Frozen technical

Fresh raw products in e-commerce logistics distribution of cooling fresh is fresh food e-commerce is very important link, fresh products in sales in the whole process of the entire cold chain is the necessary measures of keeping fresh of fresh products,fresh products cold chain in the whole process of the freezing technology includes two parts: one is the refrigeration; 2 it is fresh. Refrigeration is in raw products raw materials get to maintain product freshness after cooling process. Fresh products of refrigeration can be divided for refrigerated and frozen. Fresh on the application of the freezing technology, e-commerce is to control the quality of the good fresh product,also control the cost of logistics distribution. Refrigeration technology in fresh it is very important to the operation of e-commerce,fresh food e-commerce enterprise shall,on the basis of existing facilities development suited to their own refrigeration technology, such as fresh direct against their goods for distribution in car special renovation,so as to achieve the goal of economical and practical?

2.2Distribution network

Due to the diversity of fresh food,a lot of fresh food is a regional restriction; second,cold-chain distribution network radius cannot too big; otherwise the cost is too high. Fresh products because of the high requirements for delivery and save the characteristics of short time, the traditional logistics network layout of general goods in a certain extent, not only can't satisfy people's needs, but also can cause a lot of resources allocation is not reasonable. Fresh distribution network of e-commerce involved have fresh product base,production and processing base, refrigerated warehouse,logistics center and distribution center, if use the third party logistics enterprise distribution, distribution network involves a fresh product base, production and processing base,refrigerated warehouse, third party logistics of the logistics center and distribution center. Cold-chain logistics network in each node, if can effective work in the entire network layout,will improve on the efficiency of cold chain logistics has a lot of help, cold-chain logistics network layout model is roughly divided into single economies of cold-chain logistics network,the area of cold-chain logistics network and cross-regional cold-chain logistics network.

2.3Information system

Fresh e-commerce logistics information system, it is fresh online operation and offline operation and efficient electricity with indispensable link, to ensure that the line of the cold chain run efficiently, in addition to cold storage facilities and advanced technology,also need to have advanced cold-chain information system for effective management. By computer hardware, computer software and information resources together,through the man-machine combination is known as the information system to handle the flow of information system, on the basis of the functions and features of logistics, the computer network technology, electronic data interchange (edit) technology and the information system applied to each link of logistics operation.

Fresh e-commerce logistics distribution use of modern information technology has the following kinds: technology,electronic commerce is in the Internet open network environment,based on browser/server application,realize consumer online shopping, online transactions between merchants and online electronic payment of a new type of commercial operation mode. Supply chain management system, electronic order system, intelligent transportation systems, EPC system and bar code technology are fresh,common technology in e-commerce application. Supply chain management system, based on supply chain management thoughts as the instruction,

will link each entity in the supply chain business through information,logistics,information flow,document flow, business flow and cash flow) of communication to achieve seamless connection system model. Intelligent transportation system,vehicle information, the road map and a fixed input of user information integration of computer algorithm, by using computer technology, sensor technology, artificial intelligence and other advanced technology effectively to integrate comprehensive application in the transport of goods, thus forming an accurate and efficient automatic transport system.

3The problems of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution

Fresh e-commerce distribution problem involves mainly by cold chain logistics, as a result of the limitation of hardware and software aspects overall situation,main problems are as follows:

(1)The construction of infrastructure. Low temperature logistics now,refrigerated facilities is a lot of mechanical, refrigeration technology is relatively backward, the hardware facilities of lagging behind and modernization level of a serious shortage of professional cold chain vehicle, in ordinary loss is very big, in the process of transportation and delivery used logistics costs alone accounted for seventy percent of the cost of perishable goods,some infrastructure construction will not be able to provide security for the cold chain of food circulation system.

(2)Frozen processing capacity is limited. Frozen processing is the main equipment of air cooler, frozen carcass meat, for example, in the air cooler is to together for frozen carcass meat flesh and bones, causing completely unnecessary waste, and the efficiency is not high. Although individual frozen processing have installed between advanced contact plate freezer, but is still a far cry from what to popularize and apply.

(3)Transport facilities, loss are big. Transport infrastructure development, both railway and highway, whether on the proportion of vehicles or cold chain on the traffic. On the cold chain transport, railway cold-chain transport accounted for twenty percent of total food cold-chain transport and a half, but for railway freight volume is less than 1%.

(4)The frozen storage and economic development does not match. Frozen storage of all aspects of the conditions are not enough to support the rapid development of cold chain logistics. Especially the construction of cold storage,both from layout of cold storage and cold storage capacity,is not conducive to the rapid development of cold chain storage. Cold storage more focused on the layout of the city, the origin of a serious shortage of cold storage; Common cold storage capacity can f t

meet the requirements of cold chain now. Cold storage refrigeration technology and,on the other hand,to the temperature control and monitoring technology in cold storage are comparatively large difference with international standards,the improvement of the need to a great extent.

The cold chain logistics management lags behind. Cold-chain logistics needs through strict management to achieve the enterprise's management goal,but now management, due to lack of correct understanding of cold chain logistics, cold chain often appear in the ’’chain” phenomenon: broken from farm to the wholesale,fresh fruits and vegetables often railed to do preliminary cold treatment; In primary processing and sorting area without cryogenic environment.

译文

生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究

CroxtonKL

摘要

伴随着电子商务企业的发展,从网络上购物的方式已经逐渐的深入到了居民的生活中,以至于人们希望在网络上能够购买到放心的生鲜农产品的需求越来越大。这种生鲜农产品消费的社会化大趋势也为生鲜电子商务的发展提供了机遇,可是现在的实际情况是生鲜电子商

务的发展并不是很乐观。对于生鲜电子商务来说,由于生鲜产品的特

殊性,它要求物流配送能够按照客户的要求在正确的时间为客户提供足够新鲜的产品,它对相应物流配送服务的质量和时间提出了更高的要求,配送业务还不成熟,配送成本往往很高,效率低下,服务水平也经常难以保证,生鲜产品的物流配送是它们发展的一个瓶颈。

关键词:生鲜电子商务,配送模式,冷链物流,风险控制1引言

农贸市场和超市是城市居民购买生鲜农产品的传统渠道,但随着社会经济的发展速度的提升、城市中人们生活的节奏与以往相比也有了明显的加快,“上班族”由于工作时间的限制,常常发生的问题是很少有时间在农贸市场或者超市购买的生鲜农产品,即使下班后在农贸市场或者超市购买到了生鲜农产品,可能买到的商品也不是新鲜的了。伴随着电子商务企业的发展,从网络上购物的方式已经逐渐的深入到了居民的生活中,以至于人们希望在网络上能够购买到放心的生鲜农产品的需求越来越大,尤其是对于“上班族”来说,这种需求更加显得迫切。现在B2C、C2C电子商务网站的业务多集中在电子产品、服饰以及完全加工后的食品,对于现阶段的物流配送服务基本可以满足网站与客户的需求。

本文主要是在生鲜电子商务的物流配送模式方面进行的研究,通过对生鲜电子商务的现实情况与对生鲜电子商务关键要素的仔细分析,总结了三种与一般配送模式不一样的生鲜电子商务物流配送模式,模式设计的特点是通过生鲜电子商务线上信息与线下业务的良好

配合,来降低生鲜电子商务生鲜产品线下物流配送的难度,从而使企

业对线下物流配送成本高,效率不高的问题做出很好的应对。2文献综述对生鲜农产品安全的研究有,F.Schwagele(2005)讲诉了欧洲生鲜农产品可追溯

性发展的历史,欧洲针对生鲜食品制定法规,要求食品企业要有自己的追溯系统,

用来保证食品制造链的全程透明、可查证,是在欧洲爆发一系列食品安全事故后产

生的;并列出了欧洲现在运用的追溯技术,如编码系统EAN-UCC(2002)条码、电子

数据管理系统AIDC以及RFID。K.E.Belk,J.A.Scanga等人(2005)对美国食品追溯发

展的历史做出了讲解,他们认为美国在食品追溯方面比欧洲和日本落后,同时指出

家乐福等大型零售企业在RFID技术的推广应用上起到了很大的推动作用,主要采

取单体识别IAID和群体识别AGID两种方法在肉类识别上。对生鲜农产品供应链

知识的研究有,F.Dabbene,P.Gay和N.Sacco(2008)认为农产品原材料从离开种植

者或者肉类离开屠宰场到终端消费者的这一过程对成本和品质的影响起到关键作用,因此有必要对生鲜农产品的供应链做充分的研究。OmarAhumada,

J.ReneVillaobos(2009)认为由于一系列的公共健康问题的发生,农产品供应链将面临更严格的规定和更严密的监控。在生鲜农产品配送方面的研究,AnaOsvald,LidijaZadnikStirn(2008)对生鲜蔬菜的车辆配送路径优化算法做出了研究,并根据工

作时间窗、配送车行车时间和蔬菜易腐的特点对成本的影响提出了配送路径模型。OmarAhumada,J.ReneVillaobos(2009)研究了生鲜农作物在收割和配

送两个环节的规划问题,他们提出的模型旨在为种植着提供最大化的

收益。

对于冷链物流的研究,美国人阿尔贝特〃巴尔里尔(Albert Barrier)

和英国人J.A.莱迪齐(J.A.Ruddich)于19世纪末先后阐述了对冷藏链(ColdChain)的

观点。可是,一直到1940年,冷藏链的观点才引起了世人的关注。C.D

Tarantilis等(2002)对鲜肉在多个仓库间配送路线的问题

进行了研究,并用随机搜索的启发式算法和阀值接受算法来解决这个问题,这个问

题的解决对企业的经济收益有很大的好处。K.Likar等(2006)提出了在冷链食品销售

和储存期间冷链管理对食品质量维持有很大的影响。R.Montanari(2008)分析了供应

链条件下影响易腐食品质量,时间、温度的控制是一个关键问题,并提出从技术和管理角度入手来解决这一问题。A ndrej Ovca等(2009)提出消费者对易腐食

品需要从采购到使用全程冷链维护的认知不足。C haug-IngHsu等(2011)提出了了一

种多温共配的设备模型,利用可更换的蓄冷保温箱技术来满足分销业务网络的需求。3生鲜电子商务配送要素分析

3.1冷冻技术分析

生鲜电子商务物流配送中生鲜产品的冷却保鲜是生鲜电子商务非常重要的环节,生鲜产品在销售的整个过程中全程冷链是生鲜产品保鲜的必要措施,生鲜产品

的全程冷链的冷冻技术包含两部分内容:一是制冷;二是保鲜。制冷是在生产品原

料获取后为保持产品的新鲜度而进行的冷却处理。生鲜产品的制冷可以分为冷藏和

冻藏。生鲜电

子商务在冷冻技术的应用上,既要控制好生鲜产品的质量,还要控制

物流配送的成本。冷冻技术在生鲜电子商务的运营中是非常重要的,生鲜电子商务

企业应当在现有设施基础上开发适合自己的冷冻技术,如鲜直达针对自己的商品对

配送用的车进行特别的改造,从而达到经济实用的目的。

3.2配送网络分析

由于生鲜食品的多样性,很多生鲜食品一是有地域性的限制;二是冷链配送的网络半径不能太大,否则成本太高。生鲜产品因为对配送要求高和保存时间短的特性,一般货物的传统物流网络布局在一定程度上不仅不能满足人们的需求,同时也

会造成很大的资源配臵不合理。生鲜电子商务的配送网络涉及到的有生鲜产品基地、生产加工基地、冷藏仓库、物流中心和配送中心,如果利用的是第三方物流企业配送,配送网络涉及到的有生鲜产品基地、生产加工基地、冷藏仓库、第三方物流的

物流中心和配送中心。冷链物流网络中的各个节点,如果可以在整个网络布局中有

效的运作起来,将会对冷链物流的效率提升起到很大的帮助,冷链物流网络布局模

式大致划分为单个经济体的冷链物流网络、区域内的冷链物流网络和跨区域的冷链

物流网络。

3.3信息系统分析

生鲜电子商务物流配送的信息系统,是生鲜电商线上运作和线下运作高效配

合不可缺少的环节,要保证线下冷链的高效运行,除了先进的冷藏设施和技术外,还需要有先进的冷链信息系统来进行有效的管理。由计算机硬件、计算机软件和

信息资源组合到一起,通过人机

第三方物流外文文献(原文与翻译)

我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步,第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因,并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流;精益物流战略;价值链联盟;虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来,我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强,在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此,对第三方物流的研究,对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨,并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大,具体表现在以下几个方面: 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发,其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的,尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业,本身的规模就很小,国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候,国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时,国外的物流组织能力非常强大,例如德国一家第三方物流公司,公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家,那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力,而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船,多少辆车。 3、我国加入WTO后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面:我国承诺所有的服务行业,在经过合理过渡期后,取消大部分外国股权限制,不限制外国服务供应商进入

电子商务的发展【外文翻译】

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