定语从句的用法和精练
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一样放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成份。(定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种)
that which who whom whose when where why
注: 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再显现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
三、定语从句的分类
依照定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜爱轻柔的。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站周围的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.常常在方面帮忙我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom〞构造。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是咱们去年居住的屋子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原先的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这确实是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市超级远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情形:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这确实是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 构造,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
①The novel whose cover was broken blongs to me .
②Henery is the boy whose mother is our English teacher . I know the person whose company produces computers .
This is the person whose story surprised everybody .
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情形:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一样用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使咱们很欢乐。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他抵达的时刻。
(2)where指地址,其先行词表示地址,在句中作地址状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地址。
(3)why 指缘故,其先行词是缘故,起缘故状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人明白他什么缘故上学总迟到。
定语从句专项练习题与答案详解
1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that
B. run; who
C. running; who
D. run; that
2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. on which
3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2021. A. where B. when C. which D. how
4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .
A. that the little girl asks him
B. the little girl asks him to
C. for the little girl to ask him
D. what the little girl asks him
5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.
A. which
B. in which
C. of which
D. whose
6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
A. when
B. that
C. what
D. which
7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whose
8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. what
9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. when
10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become
widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A. as
B. when
C. until
D. before
11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.
A. It
B. As
C. Which
D. What
12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when, which
B. that, which
C. which, that
D. when, that
13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.
A. that which
B. one that
C. that of which
D. this of which
14. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. as
15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all whose homes
B. all of whose homes
C. all their homes
D. all of their homes
16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who
B. when
C. on which
D. which
17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where
B. that
C. the one that
D. the one where
18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.
A. when
B. that
C. who
D. where
19. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.
A. that
B. as
C. which
D. and
20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same
答案与解析：
1. A. 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，因此用此刻分词。Those指街道，因此不用who而用that来引导定语从句。
2. B. 因为在此题中where引导定语从句，表示“在这各类况下〞，与in which相当。
3. A. 因为先行词是Beijing而不是this autumn因此用where引导定语从句。
4. B. 答案B是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，另外，to后还省略了动词原形paint。
5. C. 因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose
telephone number。
6. D. 因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。
7. B. 因为表示“时期、程度、境界〞的the point在定语从句中作地址状语，因此用where引导定语从句。
8. B. 因为先行词是research centers并在定语从句中作状语，因此用where。
9. C. 因为领先行词是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等时，多用that引导定语从句。
10. 因为先行词是the time，且在定语从句中作状语，因此用when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了，要擅长区分。
11. B. 先行词是Taiwan is a part of China整个主句，一样由as或which引导定语从句，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句以后，另外，as有“正如〞之意，而which没有，因此用as。顺便说说，原句改成：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is…= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is…
12. A. 两空都是考察定语从句，先行词别离是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched, the
day在定语从句中作状语，用when引导；后句是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，要用which。
13. A. 因为替代不可数名词(the bread) 只能用that，排除B和D；又因为先行词that (the bread)
在定语从句中作buy的宾语，用which，因此选A。
14. D. 当定语从句的先行词前有such, so, as等词语时，由as引导，而且as在定语从句中作主语或宾语，as在此题中作dream of的宾语。注意：在表示“如此…以致…〞的such /so…that…构造中，that不作任何句子成份。
15. B. 考察非限制性定语从句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他们所有的屋子。
16. D. 因为先行词是前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，因此用which。of course是插入语。
17. D. 将疑问句改成陈述句：this research center is…显然缺少先行词，必需加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，因此用关系副词where。假假设在this后加the，就选where，请想一想这是什么缘故。
18. A. 因为先行词是the days，并在定语从句中作状语。
19. B. 领先行词前有so时，用as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语或宾语。假假设在lift后加上it，答案确实是that了，请想一想这是什么缘故。
20. C. 因前后均的句子，必需要选连词，排除B和D；又因在介词后不能用that来引导定语从句，因此选C。during which time在那段时刻里。
1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that
B. who
C. whom
D. this
2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. /
3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.
A. that
B. whose
C. which
D. as
4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one
B. which
C. who
D. whom
6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A. which
B. that
C. /
D. it
7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. all
9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.
A. which
B. whom
C. whose
D. this
10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. /
11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
A. whom
B. who
C. /
D. he
13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door
B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door
D. that lives next door
14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.
A. which
B. whom
C. that
D. who
15. The farm _____ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. at that
16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.
A. what
B. which
C. as
D. ./
17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.
A. in that
B. when
C. where
D. there
18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?
A. where
B. in that
C. that
D. which
19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?
A. that
B. when
C. what
D. on that
21. October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. in which
22. October 1, 1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. in which
23. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?
A. which
B. where
C. in which
D. what
25. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
26. Have you seen the girl _____?
A. that I told
B. I told you of
C. whom I told
D. I told of
28. Finally the thief handed in everything _____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whatever
29. The lecture spoke of some writers and novels _____ were known to us all.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. what
30. I can still remember the sitting room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
32. The only question _____ is to find our way home.
A. that mattered
B. that matters
C. which mattered
D. matter
34. The farmers used wood to build a house _____ grain can be stored.
A. with which
B. where
C. in that
D. which
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？
-Yes，he’s our headmaster.
A. he
B. who
C. which
D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim？
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？
A. that you bought
B. you bought it
C. that you bought it
D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees
B. who agree
C. who agrees
D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that
B. it
C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s
B. whose
C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which；is
B. whom；was
C. who；is
D. who；was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live
B. on which we live
C. where we live in
D. we live in
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？
Keys：1-5ACABA 6-10BCCAD 11-15CBDDB 16-20DCABB 21-25.BBADD 26-30.BDBBD 31-34ABDB 答案：CBCAC ABCCB That ,which ,which ,who ,whom .
定语从句的用法 定语从句在英语阅读材料里处处可见。它是初中阶段的重要语法内容，也是学好英语的难点。 我们先来了解一下定语：一本有趣的书an interesting book 形容词interesting做定语修饰名词book 一位漂亮的女孩a beautiful girl 形容词beautiful做定语修饰名词girl 定语就是在句子中修饰名词或代词的词。 我们还可以说成：a book that is interesting that is interesting这个句子做定语修饰名词book a girl who is beautiful who is beautiful这个句子做定语修饰名词girl interesting 和that is interesting作用是相同的,都是用作定语来修饰名词book. 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。要区分复合句中的主句和从句，下面每个句子中的黑体字部分都为主句，注意体会。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who，宾格whom,所有格whose,关系副词包括where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 注: 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句，主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 He helped me when I was in trouble, which made me very moved.(非限制性定语从句,which 指代前面整个句子) 四、关系代词的用法 1.（1）that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作put的宾语) (2) that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面, 但可以使用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away. = The city in which she lives is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 I t is three o’clock that he arrived at. = I t is three o’clock at which he arrived Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(which 作saw的宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: 1）The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) 2）I met a girl yesterday. The girl is my old classmate. The girl whom I met yesterday is my old classmate. (作met 的宾语) 4.关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,只能用that.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 It is one of the most exciting movies that I have watched. b.先行词是all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that 例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? I will do all that I can to help you. 我会尽我所能的帮助你。 You are the one that I love. 你就是我的所爱。 c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that 例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 This is the only book that I can buy. 这是我能借到的唯一一本书。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that 例如: I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that. 例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? 5.关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况: a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如: What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 6.whose 的用法，在从句中做定语，表示“谁的” 1) The novel belongs to me. The novel’s cover is broken The novel whose cover is broken blongs to me . 2) Henry is a boy. H enry’s mother is our English teacher. Henry is the boy whose mother is our English teacher. 3) This is the person .The person’s story surprised everybody. This is the person whose story surprised everybody. 翻译：你想和英语好的学生交朋友吗？______________________________ 我喜欢发卡是粉红色的那个女孩儿。___________________________ 五、关系副词when, where的用法，它相当于介词+ which (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在从句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 分解：a. This was the time . He arrived at the time. This was the time at which he arrived. = This was the time when he arrived. b. I will never forget the day on which I meet you. = I will never forget the day when I meet you. 注意当先行词表示时间，只有在从句中作状语才用when引导，作宾语用that/which 练习：1. Next month______ you will spend your holidays in your town comes near. 2. I will never forget the three years ________ I spend in this school. 3. I t is two o’clock _____ he arrived. 4. The year ________ we held the Olympics is 2008. 翻译：1. 你知道他什么时候回来吗? ___________________________ 2. 我不会忘记和你待在一起的时光。___________________________ 3. 圣诞节是我们传播欢乐的时刻。______________________________ (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在从句中作地点状语。例如: This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短 语)或句子，汉语中常用’??…的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词,代词,数词,分词,副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的 词之后，作后置定语。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do . 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where, when why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old manwho lost his way . 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about . 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
（英语）初中英语定语从句技巧(很有用)及练习题含解析 一、定语从句 1．The story ______ I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers. A．whose B．who C．that D．where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我在报纸上读到的那个故事是关于青少年的一个普遍问题。 考查定语从句的先行词。这里指代我在报纸上所读的故事，用that作为定语从句的先行词。故选C。 2．-----Do you know the man ________ is reading the book over there? --------- Yes, he is Mr. Green, our P.E. teacher. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 【答案】D 【解析】 who代指the man引导定语从句。整句理解：你认识那边读书的那个男士吗？是的。他是我们的体育老师，Mr Green.所以选D. 3．-Have you found the information about the famous people ______ you can use for the report? -Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. A．who B．what C．whom D．which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——你有没有找到一些能够用于报告的名人的信息？——还没有。我将在网上搜索 一些。 考查定语从句。本句先行词information是物，在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词which 或that引导定语从句，所以选D。 4．The girl catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married. A．whom B．which C．who D．whose 【答案】C 【解析】 考查定语从句的用法。Whom指人，作从句的宾语；which指物，作从句的主语或宾语；who指人，作从句的主语或宾语；whose即指人也指物，作从句的定语，后跟名词。根据动词“catches”可推断关系词作从句的主语，而“the girl”指人，故选C。 5．—Which song do you like better, Maria?
初中英语定语从句的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)含解析 一、定语从句 1．Most students like the teachers understand them well. A．which B．who C．where D．when 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：绝大多数的学生都喜欢能够很好理解他们的老师。分析：考查定语从句的用法，先行词是the teacher,先行词在从句中作主语，因此引导词用who.故选 B 考点：考查定语从句的用法。 2．I think the film Amazing China is ________film __________I’ve ever seen. A．the most exciting;which B．more exciting;which C．more exciting;that D．the most exciting;that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意“我认为《厉害了我的国》是我看过的最令人振奋的电影”。根据I’ve ever seen可知，第一空处用最高级，排除B和C；第二空处考查定语从句，先行词为film，且先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，用that，故选D。 【点睛】 在定语从句中先行词that和which都指物，只用that不用which的情况： 先行词为all, much, something, everything, nothing, little, none, the one时。 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 当先行词被the only, the very, the just修饰时。 先行词中即有人又有物时。 3．The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police. A．which B．in which C．that D．all 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：女孩把她在街上捡到的所有东西都交给了警察。 考查定语从句。本句先行词everything是不定代词，应该用关系代词that引导此定语从句。故选C。 4．—Have you seen my watch anywhere, Lucy? —Is it the one your uncle bought for you in Hong Kong? A．who B．what C．that D．when
定语从句专项 1.概念：在含有主句和从句的复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句就跟在先行词的后面。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）和关系副词（where, when, why）。 e.g. Did you see the person who/that stole it? This is the pen which/that he is looking for. 上面两例中的先行词分别是the person与the pen，后面是由关系代词who/that; which/that引导的定语从句。 2. 关系代词的选择及功能。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词who, that, which, whom, whose和关系副词where, when, why。它们放在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分（如主语或宾语）。有关先行词的选择取决于两点：先行词是人还是物；关系代词在从句中做主语还是宾语。 具体用法如下： (1)当先行词是人时，关系代词可以用who或that；当先行词是物时，关系代词可用which或that。 e.g. The film which/that they saw was very interesting. The boy who/that is sitting in the sun is my brother. (2)当关系代词在句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 e.g. The man（who/ whom/that）they are waiting for comes from Japan. (3)whose 指人或物的所有格。 e.g. Do you know the boy whose hair is yellow? The classroom whose windows are closed is ours. (4)关系副词when, where, why = 介词+ which when表时间，跟在hour, moment, day, month, year, season, time等之后。 e.g. Can you tell me the date when/on which you were born? where 表地点，跟在place, village ,town, city, home等之后。 e.g. This is the place where/in which I grew up. why表原因,在reason（原因）之后。 That’s the reason why she didn’t come to work. 3. 特殊情况 (1)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词必须用that。 e.g. This is the best novel （that ）I have ever read. (2)如果指物的先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，必须用that，不能用which。 不定代词有all, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, much, little, every, any, some 等。 e.g. I mean the one （that）you talked about just now. (3)当先行词有the only, the very, the last, the same, the first等词修饰时，关系代词必须用that。 e.g. He is the only person（that ）I saw there. (4)关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，如果介词放在它的前面，只能用which或whom。 e.g. This is the room that/which he lived in two years ago. =This is the room in which he lived two years ago. The girl who/whom/that he is talking to is my sister. =The girl to whom he is talking is my sister. 但有些介词短语的固定词组不能拆开 e.g. The babies who /that the nurse are looking after are healthy. (5)当关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时，定语从句的谓语动词取决于先行词而不是关系代词。 e.g. The girl who has long hair is my daughter. The trees that were planted by us last year have grown well. (6)当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。
初中英语定语从句解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案) 一、定语从句 1．I hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night A．who B．that C．what D．whom 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：我讨厌住在隔壁的狗，他们整晚发出噪音。who "谁"指人，在定语从句中作主语；that "那个"指人或指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what "什么"不能引导定语从句，引导名词性从句；whom "谁"指人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据先行词是the dogs，后面的定语从句缺少主语，故用代词that。故选B。 2．This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday. A．which B．what C．whose D．whom 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：这是那本母亲给我作为生日礼物的字典。这里是定语从句，先行词是为物时用which；what不能引导定语从句；先行词指人时用who；当先行词为物主代词时用whose。本题先行词为dictionary，字典是物，所以用关系词which。故选A。 3．This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时，引导词应用that。 结合句意和语境可知选A。 点睛：限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况： 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing （something 除外）, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如： Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有被邀请参加婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best museum that I have visited all my life. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。如：She is the only person that understands me. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如：
定语从句的用法和精练 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 (4)关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
（一）定语从句的概念 定语从句：一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。 被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。 定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。 因此， Handsome boy = the boy who is handsome Beautiful flower = the flower which is beautiful 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词可分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that) 和关系副词(when, where, why)
关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。 在定语从句中，当who, which, that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。 关系词常有3个作用： ①引导定语从句。 ②代替先行词。 ③在定语从句中担当一个成分。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。
（二）关系代词用法 作用例句 关系代词指示对 象 That人/物主（宾）The student that answered the question was John.回答问题 的学生是约翰。 The book （that）you lent me was interesting.你借给我 的那本书很有趣。 Which物主（宾）Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大 多数男孩都喜欢的游戏. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天 刚买的钢笔. Who人主（宾） A doctor is a person who looks after people's health. The man（who）you met just now is my friend. Whom人（宾）The man（whom）you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚 见到的那个人就是我的朋友. Mr. Ling is just the boy（whom）I want to see. 凌先生恰 巧就是我想见的那个男孩. Whose人.物定He has a friend whose father is a doctor. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.注意一： 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
【英语】初中英语定语从句专项训练100(附答案)含解析 一、定语从句 1．— What are you doing, Tim? — I am listening to the song Long Live _______ makes me feel excited. A．which B．who C．/ 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：-- Tim，你在做什么？--我在听歌曲Long Live，它使我感觉很兴奋。这里先行词是the song Long Live，是物；定语从句缺少的是句子的主语，关系词不能省略。which指物，故选A。 考点：考查定语从句的用法。 2．一Which song do you like better．Maria？ 一I prefer the song Manual of Youth ______ is sung by TFBOYS． A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 C 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：—Maria，你更喜欢哪首歌？—我喜欢TFBOYS唱的《青春修炼手册》。分析句子结构，本句中的 is sung by TFBOYS在复合句中作定语从句，其中先行词 the song Manual of Youth 指物，且在定语从句中作逻辑主语，所以关系代词用which．故选C． 【点睛】 完成定于从句的关键是分析先行词指人还是指物，以及其在定语从句中做什么句子成分． 3．Norman Bethune was a great man _____ gave his life to help the Chinese people. A．which B．who C．whose D．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：诺尔曼白求恩是一位伟大的人，他毕生致力于帮助中国人民。空格前名词man意为“人”，是先行词，后面是用来修饰这个名词，是定语从句部分，先行词指人，在定语从句中做主语，可以使用关系代词who/that，不能使用which（指物）/whose（指所属关系），what不能用来引导定语从句，故选B。 4．When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life_________ a group of people have in common.
初中英语定语从句专项训练100(附答案)及解析 一、定语从句 1．According to a survey, people ___________ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily. A．which B．whom C．whose D．who 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：根据一项调查，能说两种语言的人可以同时管理两件事。考查疑问词辨析。A. which 哪一个，代物/人；B. whom谁，宾格，代人；C. whose谁的，代物主；D. who谁，主格，代人。本句是定语从句，people人/人们，在句中做主语，结合句意和语境，可知选D。 2．The last place _______ we visited was Chaoshan Custom Museum. A．where B．that C．when D．why 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：我们参观的最后一个地方是潮汕风俗博物馆。根据句子结构可知，这里考查的是定语从句，where关系副词，指地点；that关系代词，先行词为物；when关系副词，指时间；why关系副词，指原因。定语从句中visited后缺少宾语，故应填关系代词，选B。 3．---How do you like the Sun Island？Is it worth visiting? ---Sure. It’s one of the best places I have ever been to. A．which B．that C．who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：----你觉得太阳岛怎么样？值得一游吗？----当然。这是我去过的最好的地方之一。考查定语从句引导词。本句先行词places是物，引导词在定语从句中作宾语，可知用that或which引导此定语从句，但先行词有最高级修饰时，只能用that引导此定语从句。故选B。 【点睛】 定语从句是用作定语的从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。引导定语从句的词叫引导词，引导词分为关系代词 （that/who/whom/which/whose）和关系副词（when/where/why）。引导词连接先行词和定语从句，在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。先行词是物时，用that或which引导定语从句；当先行词是人时，用who或that 引导定语从句。（一）、当先行词是物时，只用that的情况：1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。3.当先行词本身是all的，用that.（all that=what）.（that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略）4.先行词为something， anything， nothing， everything， thing等不定代词时，用that。5.当先行词前
【英语】初中英语定语从句专项训练100(附答案)及解析 一、定语从句 1．—Have you heard of the Huawei Company? —Sure, it’s one of the _____ companies _____ make us Chinese proud. A．great; which B．greater; which C．greatest; that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——你听说过华为公司吗？——当然，它是使我们中国人感到骄傲的最棒的公司之一。 great伟大的；greater比较伟大的，是比较级；greatest最伟大的，形容词最高级；which 关系代词，可以引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that也是关系代词，先行词为人或物，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语。第一个空考查句型one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……的之一”，故排除A和B，应选C。第二个空是that引导的定语从句，在从句中作主语。 2．The only language ____ is easy to learn is mother tongue． A．which B．that C．/ D．it 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：唯一的容易学的语言就是母语。先行词language在定语从句中作主语，由于它前面有修饰语only，所以只能用关系代词that，不能用which，因此选B。 考点：考查定语从句。 3．This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时，引导词应用that。 结合句意和语境可知选A。 点睛：限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况： 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing （something 除外）, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如： Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有被邀请参加婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first American movie that I
（英语）初中英语定语从句专项训练100(附答案)含解析 一、定语从句 1．This is the bike_______I lost last week. A．that B．what C．who D．whose 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这是我上周丢失的那辆自行车。此句是一个定语从句。bike为先行词，当先行词为物时，引导词应该用that/which，故答案为A。 考点：考查定语从句。 2．Music is the only thing ______ can help me to relax after a long day of hard work. A．which B．that C．who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：音乐是可以在努力工作的一天后，帮助我放松的唯一一件事。which修饰事物，引导定语从句；that修饰事物，引导定语从句；who修饰人，引导定语从句。此处修饰先行词thing，有the only修饰，故用that引导定语从句。故选B。 3．All the children like the teachers ________ can understand them. A．what B．which C．who D．whose 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：所有的孩子都喜欢能理解他们的老师。 本句是一个定语从句，先行词teachers是人，而且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词who引导此定语从句，故选C。 4．﹣ Do you like the weekly talk show，The Readers，on CCTV？ ﹣ Sure．It' s a great TV program purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public．A．which B．that C．what D．whose 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：﹣﹣你喜欢CCTV的每周脱口秀节目朗读者吗？﹣﹣当然．这是一个很棒的电视节目，其目的是把阅读习惯带回公众．先行词a great TV program，关系词在定语从句中做purpose的定语，故用关系代词whose．故选D．