英语修辞手法总结
1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。暗喻又叫隐喻。
例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）
3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。
4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。
5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）
7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,
8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。转喻又称换喻，或借代。
9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。
10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法
11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。双关可使语言表达得含蓄、幽默，而且能加深语意，给人以深刻印象。
12) Syllepsis: (异叙）此修辞格的特点是用一个词（动词、形容词或介词）同时与两个词或者更多相搭配，巧用一词多义的特点。
13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配）把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。
14) Irony: (反语）运用跟本意相反的词语来表达此意，却含有否定、讽刺以及嘲弄的意思
15) Innuendo: (暗讽）
16) Sarcasm: (讽刺）
17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语）即短而机智之妙语，名言警句。
18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰）是将两个互相矛盾，互不调和，的词放在同一个短语中，产生特殊的深刻含义的一种修辞手段。
19) Antithesis: (对照）即把两种相差、相反、相关的事物，或同一事物相差、相反、相对的两个方面，放在一起加以比照，使之相反相成，以更鲜明地表现事物特征，也称对比。
20) Epigram: (警句）一般是一句话或一段引语，主要用来激励和告诉当事人某些道理，提醒着使人们在生活中时刻保持着某种精神品格，所以也叫醒句。
21) Climax: (渐进或递升法）1、以程度的深浅，语意的轻重的顺序来排列语句2、以范围的大小顺序来排列语句3、以时间的先后顺序来排列语句
22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降)
23) Apostrophe：(顿呼）
24)Transferred Epithet: (移就）就是有意识的把描写甲事物的词语移用来描写乙事物。一般可分为移人于物、移物于人、移物于物三类。
25) Alliteration: (头韵）头韵是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头音相同的单词，简明生动，起到突出重点，加深印象，平衡节奏，宣泄感情的作用。
26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声）是指用词语模拟客观事物的声音,以增强讲话或文字的实际音感。
Unit 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar
Metaphor:
dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etc
form a closely knit guild...
Simile:
a vast sombre cavern of a room
Personification:
The Middle Easter bazaar takes you...
dancing flashes
The beam sinks…taut and protesting
Hyperbole:
takes you ...hundreds even thousands of years
every conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuries Onomatopoeia:
creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.
tinkling, banging, clashing
Unit2 Hiroshima---the"Liveliest"City in Japan
Metaphor :
I had a lump in my throat
At last this intermezzo came to an end...
I was again crushed by the thought...
...when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me...
Metonymy(借代):
...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt
I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact
Euphemism委婉语:
Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares.
Irony:
Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan
the good fortune that my illness has brought me
Anti-Climax:
a town known throughout the world for its---oysters
Alliteration:
slip to a stop
tested and treated
Rhetorical Question
Was I not at the scene of the crime?
Unit4 Everyday Use
Simile(明喻)
The yard was like an extended living room.( Para.1)
Maggie’s hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back.( Para.23)
Metaphor(暗喻)
Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head.( Para.36)
She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. ( Para.12)
Metonymy( 转喻)
Out she peeks next with a Polaroid.( Para.22)
The kettle boils.
Parallelism （排比）She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle.
Irony (反语)“What don’t I understand?”I wanted to know. "Your heritage,”she said.( Para. 79-80) Onomatopoeia( 拟声)
Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road (para.19) Personification （拟人）
She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that “no”is a word the world never learned to say to her.
Unit 5 Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.
Metaphor: cataract of horrors
rid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from his yoke
The scene will be clear for the final act.
Alliteration: dull, drilled, docile...
for his hearth and home
with its clanking, heel-clicking...
Assonance: clanking, heel-clicking,…
cowing and tying ...plodding on like crawling locusts, ...smarting from many a British whipping... easier and safer prey
Repetition: We have but one aim and one single purpose
nothing will turn us---nothing
We will never parley, we will never negotiate...
This is our policy and this is our declaration
as we shall faithfully and steadfastly
Parallelism: The past, with its crimes,
its follies,
and its tragedies...
I see,...I see...
the return of the bread-winner,
of their champion,
of their protector
We shall fight him by land,
we shall fight him by sea,
we shall fight him in the air
Any man or state...
Any man or state...
Let us...
Let us...
Noun phrases: I had not the slightest doubt where ...
With great rapidity and violence
Periodic sentences: When I awoke on...invasion of Russia.
If Hitler imagines that... woefully mistaken.
Unit 6 BLACKMAIL
Metaphor:
...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed...
his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.
The words spat forth with sudden savagery.
Her tone ...withered...
...self-assurance...flickered...
The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.
Her voice was a whiplash.
eyes bored into him
I’ll spell it out.
Euphemism:
...and you took a lady friend.
Metonymy:
won 100 at the tables
lost it at the bar
they'll throw the book,...
Onomatopoeia:
appreciative chuckle
clucked his tongue
Unit9 Mark Twain --- Mirror of America
Metaphor:
Mark Twain --- Mirror of America
saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...
main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart
the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States
All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...
Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsam
When railroads began drying up the demand...
...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...
Twain began digging his way to regional fame...
Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...
...took unholy verbal shots...
Simile:
Most American remember M. T. as the father of...
...a memory that seemed phonographic
Hyperbole:
...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...
The cast of characters... - a cosmos.
Parallelism:
Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.
Personification:
ife dealt him profound personal tragedies...
the river had acquainted him with ...
...to literature's enduring gratitude...
...an entry that will determine his course forever...
the grave world smiles as usual...
Bitterness fed on the man...
America laughed with him.
Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.
Antithesis:
...between what people claim to be and what they really are...
...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...
...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever
Euphemism:
...men's final release from earthly struggle
Alliteration:
...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home
...with a dash and daring...
...a recklessness of cost or consequences...
Metonymy:
...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe
Synecdoche
Keelboats,...carried the first major commerce
Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World
Metaphor:
No one,... that may case would snowball into...
...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.
The street ...sprouted with ...
He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.
...champion had not scorched the infidels...
…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…
Simile:
...swept the arena like a prairie fire
...a palm fan like a sword...
Metonymy
...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...
The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below.
Hyperbole:
The trial that rocked the world
Ridicule:
Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ...
Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.
Sarcasm:
There is some doubt about that.
Transferred epithet
Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.
Antithesis
The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.
Assonance:
when bigots lighted faggots to burn...
Repetition:
The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...
Pun:
Darwin is right --- inside.
Oxymoron:
Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat".
bitter sweet memories
proud humility
orderly chaos
a damned saint
an honourable villain.
Irony:
marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century
Metonymy
...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...
The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below.
Unit 11 But What's a Dictionary For?
Personification:
The storm...that greeted...
An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment...
The Yew York Times, ...felt it
The Journal ...saw...
Alliteration:
...very little light on Lincoln...on Life
Sarcasm:
a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life..
.."so simple" a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a doo is a door and any damn fool knows that.
Assonance:
The difference between the much-touted ... and the much clouted ...
Synecdoche:
But neither his vanity nor his purse is ...
What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges...
Metonymy
The Washington Post, ..."keep Your Old Webster's"
in short, ...written in the language that the 3rd International describes...
Zeugma:
the use of a word to modify or govern 2 or more words usu. In such a manner that it applies to each in different sense or makes sense with only one
The issue of New York Times …hail the Second as the authority…and the Third as a scandal…To wage war and peace
With weeping eyes and hearts
Unit 13 Britannia Rues the Waves见课本归纳
必修1 Unit 1 △ survey n.调查；测验 add up 合计 upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt. （upset, upset）使不安；使心烦 ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视 calm vt. & vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 calm（…）down （使）平静下来；（使）镇定下来have got to 不得不；必须 concern vt.（使）担忧；涉及；关系到 n.担心；关注；（利害）关系 be concerned about 关心；挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose adj .松的；松开的 △ vet n. 兽医 go through 经历；经受 △ Amsterdam n.阿姆斯特丹（何二首都） Netherla nds n.荷兰（西欧国家） △ Jewish 犹太人的；犹太族的 Germa n adj.德国的；德国人的；德语的 n .德国人；德语 △ Nazi n. 纳粹党人 adj.纳粹党的 set dow n 记下；放下；登记 series n. 连续；系列 a series of 一连串的；一系歹U; —套 △ Kitty n .基帝（女名） outdoors adv.在户外；在野外 spellb ind vt. (spellbo und, spellbo und) 迷住；迷惑 on purpose 故意 in order to 为了…… dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚 at dusk 在黄昏时刻 thu nder vi.打雷；雷鸣 n .雷；雷声 en tire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 vt.使定居；安排；解决 suffer vt. & vi.遭受；忍受；经历suffer from 遭受；患病 △ Ion eli ness n.孤单；寂寞 highway n. 公路；大路 recover vi. & vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得 get/be tired of 对……厌烦 pack vi. & vt.捆扎；包装；打行李 n. 小包；包裹 pack (sth) up 将（东西）装箱打包suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱 △ Margot n. 玛戈（女名） Overcoat n. 大衣；外套 tee nager n. 十几岁的青少年 get along with 与……相处；进展 △ gossip vi. &n.闲话；闲谈 fall in love 丿相爱；爱上 exactly adv. 确实如此；正是；确切地disagree vi. 不同意 grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的dislike n. & vt.不喜欢；厌恶 join in 参加；加入 tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费 vt. 倾斜；翻倒 power n. 能力；力量；权力 face to face 面对面地 curtai n n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布 dusty adj. 积满灰尘的 no longer/not …any Ion ger 不 再 part ner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人 settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 adv.完全地；全然地；整个地en tirely
高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4)metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.、metaphor simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed:“ Get us through this mess, will You”(Para. 17)alliteration 5. It seized a 600,000-gallon personification Gulfport oil tank and dumped it miles away. 6.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. simile 、onomatopoeia( 拟声 ) 7.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.（Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. （P ara. 20） simile 、 personification 9.and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. simile and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2)Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3)Synecdoche
必修1 Unit 1 △survey n.调查；测验 add up合计 upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt. (upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦ignore vt.不理睬；忽视 calm vt. & vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 calm(…)down（使）平静下来；（使）镇 定下来 have got to不得不；必须 concern vt.（使）担忧；涉及；关系到 n.担心；关注；（利害）关系 be concerned about关心；挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose adj.松的；松开的 △vet n.兽医 go through经历；经受 △Amsterdam n.阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都）Netherlands n.荷兰（西欧国家） △Jewish 犹太人的；犹太族的 German adj.德国的；德国人的；德语的 n．德国人；德语 △Nazi n.纳粹党人 adj.纳粹党的 set down记下；放下；登记 series n.连续；系列 a series of一连串的；一系列；一套 △Kitty n.基蒂（女名） outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外 △spellbind vt. (spellbound, spellbound) 迷住；迷惑 on purpose 故意 in order to为了…… dusk n.黄昏；傍晚 at dusk在黄昏时刻 thunder vi.打雷；雷鸣 n．雷；雷声 entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地power n.能力；力量；权力 face to face面对面地 curtain n.窗帘；门帘；幕布 dusty adj.积满灰尘的 no longer/not…any longer不再……partner n.伙伴；合作者；合伙人 settle vi.安家；定居；停留 vt.使定居；安排；解决 suffer vt. & vi.遭受；忍受；经历 suffer from遭受；患病 △loneliness n.孤单；寂寞 highway n.公路；大路 recover vi. & vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得get/be tired of对……厌烦 pack vi. & vt.捆扎；包装；打行李 n.小包；包裹 pack (sth) up将（东西）装箱打包suitcase n.手提箱；衣箱 △Margot n.玛戈（女名） Overcoat n.大衣；外套 teenager n.十几岁的青少年 get along with与……相处；进展 △gossip vi. & n.闲话；闲谈 fall in love相爱；爱上 exactly adv. 确实如此；正是；确切地disagree vi.不同意 grateful adj.感激的；表示谢意的dislike n. & vt.不喜欢；厌恶 join in参加；加入 tip n.提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费vt.倾斜；翻倒 △secondly adv.第二；其次 swap vt.交换 item n.项目；条款
常用修辞手法： 1. 比喻 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻(simile)：用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 暗喻(metaphor)：用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如： He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。 2. 换喻(metonymy) 用一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。如the White House 代美国政府或总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol。 His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。 3. 提喻(synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 4. 拟人(personification) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如： My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。 This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。 The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。 5. 委婉(euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如： 用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代to die 用senior citizens代替old people 用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil 用weight watcher代替fat people 6. 双关(pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如： A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器) 一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。 “Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer. “Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗？ Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。 7. 反语(irony) 使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。 8. 头韵(alliteration) 两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如： proud as a peacock
A access/ ‘?kses/ n.接近；通道，入口 accidental/ ?ksi’dentl/ a.偶然的；非本质的accommodate/ ?’k?m?deit/ vt.容纳；供应，供给accommodation/ ?,k?m?’dei??n/ n.招待设备；预定铺位 accordance/ ?’k?r:d?ns/ n.一致；和谐；授予accordingly/ ?’k?r:di?li/ ad.因此，所以；照着account/ ?’kaunt/ n.记述；解释；帐目 address / ?’dres/ n.地址；演说；谈吐 adequate/ ‘?dikwit/ a.足够的；可以胜任的advisable/ ?d’vaiz?b l/ n.明智的；可取的 age/ eid?/ vt.变老 i, ?’l?i/ n.合金；(金属的)成色 alloy/‘?l? aluminium/ ?lju’minj?m/ n.铝 anchor/‘??k?/ n.锚 vi.抛锚，停泊 anticipate/ ?n’tisipeit/ vt.预料，预期，期望apparatus/ ,?p?’reit?s/ n.器械，仪器；器官appetite/‘?pitait/ n.食欲，胃口；欲望 appliance/ ?’plai?n s/ n.用具，器具，器械 bl/ a.能应用的；适当的applicable/‘?plik? article/‘a:tikl/ n.条款；物品
assemble/ ?’sembl/ vt.集合，召集；装配assembly/ ?’sembli/ n.集合；集会；装配 u?/ vt.使确信；向…保证assure/ ?’？ atom/ ‘?t?m/ n.原子；微粒；微量attribute/ ‘?tribju:t/ vt.把…归因于n.属性 :t?m?bi:l/ n.汽车，机动车automobile/‘？ auxiliary/ ?:g’zilj?ri/ a.辅助的；附属的 B bang/ b??/ n.巨响，枪声；猛击 barrel/‘b?r?l/ n.桶；圆筒；枪管 battery/‘b?t?ri/ n.电池；一套，一组 bay/ bei/ n.湾；山脉中的凹处 beam/ bi:m/ n.梁；横梁；束，柱 behalf/ bi’ha:f/ n.利益，维护，支持 bind/ baind/ vt.捆绑；包扎；装钉 biscuit/ ‘biskit/ n.(英)饼干；(美)软饼blade/ bleid/ n.刀刃，刀片；叶片 blend/ blend/ vt.&vi.&n.混和 bold/ b?uld/ a.大胆的；冒失的 bolt/ b?ult/ n.螺栓；插销vt.闩门 bond/ b?nd/ n.联结，联系；公债
高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻（simile） 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻（metaphor） 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusion（暗引）
英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
高一英语必修一完整单词表survey 调查;测验 add up 合计 upset adj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的vt.使不安;使心烦。ignore 不理睬，忽视 calm vt.vi(使)平静;(使)镇定adj.平静的;镇静的;沉着的calm (…)down (使)平静下来;(使)镇静下来 have got to 不得不;必须 concern (使)担忧;涉及;关系 be concerned about 关心;挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose 松的;松开的 vet 兽医 go through 经历;经受 Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹(荷兰首都) Netherlands 荷兰(荷兰国家) Jewish 犹太人;犹太族的 German 德国的;德国人的;德语的;德国人;德语 Nazi n.纳粹党人adj.纳粹党的 set down 记下;放下;登记 series 连续;系列 a series of 一连串的;一系列;一套 outdoors 在户外;在野外 spellbinding 迷住;迷惑 on purpose 故意 in order to 为了… dusk 黄昏;傍晚 at dusk 在黄昏时刻 thunder v打雷;雷鸣;n雷;雷声
entire 整个的;完全的;全部的 entirely 完全地;全然地;整个地 power 能力;力量;权力 face to face 面对面地 curtain 窗帘;门帘;幕布 dusty 积满灰尘的 no longer ot…any longer 不再 partner 伙伴;合作者;合伙人 settle 安家;定居;停留使定居;安排;解决suffer 遭受;忍受;经历 suffer from 遭受;患病 loneliness 孤单;寂寞 highway 公路;大路;<美>高速公路 recover 痊愈;恢复;重新获得 gete tired of 对…厌烦 pack 捆扎;包装;打行李小包;包裹 pack(sth)up 将(东西)装箱打包 suitcase 手提箱;衣箱 overcoat 大衣;外套 teenager 十几岁的青少年 get along with 与…相处;发展 gossip 闲话;闲谈 fall in love 相爱爱上 exactly 确实如此;正式;确切地 disagree 不同意 grateful 感激的;表示谢意的 dislike 不喜欢;厌恶 join in 参加;加入 tip n.揭示;技巧;尖;尖端;消费vt. 倾斜; 翻到
高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)
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英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
高英修辞 Lesson 1 1. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻) 2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻) 3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile 4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人) 5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. ---- …the 6. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor 7. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略) 8. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile 9. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就 10. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson 4 1.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative
人民教育出版社高中英语单词表 高一上英语单词 Unit 1 honest['?nist] adj 诚实的；正直的 brave[breiv] adj 勇敢的 Loyal['l?i?l] adj 忠诚的；忠心的 wise [waiz]adj 英明的；明智的；聪明的handsome['h?ns?m]adj 英俊的；大方的；美观的smart[smɑ:t] adj 聪明的；漂亮的；敏捷的argue['ɑɡju:] vt 争论；辩论 solution[s?'lju:??n] n 解答；解决办法；解决方案classical['kl?sik?l] adj 古典的；古典文学的Steve 史蒂夫（男子名） fond[f?nd] adj 喜爱的；多情的；喜欢的fond of 喜欢；爱好 △Sarah n 莎拉；萨拉（女子名） △Joe 乔（男子名） match[m?t?] n 火柴 mirror ['mir?] n 镜子 fry [frai] vt＆vi 油煎；油炸 gun [ɡ?n] n 炮；枪 hammer ['h?m?] n 锤子；槌 saw [s?:] n＆vt＆vi 锯 rope [r?up] n 绳；索；绳索 compass ['k?mp?s] n 罗盘；指南针 movie ['mu:vi] n 电影 cast [kɑ:s, k?st] vt＆vi 投掷；投射；抛 △Tom Hanks 汤姆·汉克斯（美国男影星） △Chuck Noland 查克·诺兰德（男子名） survive [s?'vaiv] vt 幸免于从中生还vi 幸存 deserted [di'z?:tid adj 荒芜的；荒废的 hunt [h?nt] vt＆vi＆n 打猎；猎取；搜寻 hunt for 搜索，追寻；寻找 in order to 为了 △Wilson 威尔逊（男子名） share [?ε?] vt＆vi 分享共有分配n共享份额 sorrow ['s?r?u, 's?:-] n 悲哀；悲痛 care about 担心；关心 feeling n．触觉；知觉；感觉；情绪 such as 例如 airplane n 飞机 parachute ['p?r?,?u:t] n 降落伞 lie [lai] n 谎话；谎言 speech [spi:t?] n 演说；讲话；语音 1
Personification: 1.The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you... 2.dancing flashes 3.the beam groan ... and protesting 4.where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, 5.life dealt him profound personal tragedies... 6.the river had acquainted him with ... 7....to literature's enduring gratitude... 8....an entry that will determine his course forever... 9.Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. 10.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life. Hyperbole Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to emphasize a point, to create humor, or to achieve some similar effects 1)... takes you ...hundreds even thousands of years 2)innumerable lamps 3)with the dust of centuries 4)I see the ten thousand villages … 5)...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom... 6)America laughed with him. 7). The trial that rocked the world 8)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world. 9)Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over. Onomatopoeia: 1)creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc. tinkling, banging, clashing 2). its cl anking, heel cl icking 3)appreciative chuckle 4)clucked his tongue Metaphor 1)I had a lump in my throat 2)At last this intermezzo came to an end... 3)I was again crushed by the thought.. 4)hen the meaning ... sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie 5)little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt little old Japan---- traditional floating houses 6)I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact\
高级英语》中的修辞手法(2011-06-16 16:46:24)转载▼ 标签：教育分类：班内资源 Figures of Speech Figures of speech are forms of expression that depart from nor-mal word or sentence order or from the common literal meanings of words, for the purpose of achieving a special effect. In everyday speech and writing and in literature the chief func-tions of figures of speech are probably to embellish, to emphasize or to clarify. They are used to give tone or atmosphere to discourse, to provide vivid examples, to stimulate thought by startling the reader or listener, to give life to inanimate objects, to amuse, or to orna-ment. Figures of speech exist in almost endless variety and many are closely related or intricately overlap, hence no completely satisfacto-ry system of classification has ever been devised. The following may be considered one of the serviceable classifications of the present 1. Figures of resemblance or relationship. These are the most important, interesting, and frequent figures of speech. 2. Figures of emphasis or understatement. The chief function of these is to draw attention to an idea. 3. Figures of sound. 4. Verbal games and gymnastics. Some of these are rare and minor figures. 1. Figures of resemblance or relationship 1) Simile: a figure that involves an expressed comparison, almost always introduced by the word "like" or "as". The two things compared must be dissimilar and the basis of resemblance is usually an abstract quality. a) As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far county. (Proverb) b) The water lay gray and wrinkled like an elephant' s skin. (Nancy Hale) c) My very thoughts were like the ghostly rustle of dead leaves. (Joseph Conrad) 2) Metaphor: The substitution of one thing for another, or the identification of two things from different ranges of thought. It is often loosely defined as "an implied compari-son," "a simile without 'like' or 'as'". Metaphor is con-sidered by many the most important and basic poetic figure and also the commonest and the most beautiful. a) Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and playing, were moving jewels. b) The town was stormed after a long siege. c) Snow clothes the ground. d) He swam bravely against the tide of popular applause. A note of warning: Avoid mixing figures of speech. a) This is not the time to throw up the sponge, when the enemy, already weakened and divided, are on the run to a new defensive position, (mixed metaphor; a mixture of prize—ring and battlefield) b) There is every indication that Nigeria will be a tower of strength and will forge ahead, (mixed metaphor; a mixture of a fortress and a ship) 3) Personification: a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or sen-sibility. There are three chief kinds of personifications: a) That produced by the use of adjectives. the blushing rose! the thirsty ground b) That produced by the use of verbs. the kettle sings; the waves danced c) That produced by the use of nouns. the smiles of spring! the whisper of leaves