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新SAT写作常见错误及改正建议

新SAT写作常见错误及改正建议
新SAT写作常见错误及改正建议

新SAT写作常见错误及改正建议今天三立在线教育SAT网为大家带来的是新SAT写作常见错误及改正建议的相关资讯,备考的烤鸭们,赶紧来看看吧!

SAT写作学习当然有掌握SAT写作得分点!下文中的这些常见失误一定要注意啦~

读懂文章是第一步

First Step: Correct understanding of the source article

难点:文章看不懂

建议:借用背景+熟悉一般“正论文”写作思路

新SAT写作部分放弃了中国考生所熟悉的“命题作文”方式,而采用了“阅读+写作”的评析性阅读,所以读懂文章很重要。

首先从选择的文章题材来看,College Board(以下简称CB)选用的文章都是摘自英美主要期刊的正论文,文章的目的都是针对近期国际尤其是美国国内的某个问题进行讨论,或警醒世人或针砭时弊;这需要考生对我们生活的这个世界发生的事有所了解, 否则很难在短时间内,又是在考试重压之下看懂作者究竟在说些啥。

以OG6作文The Lovely Stones为例,这篇文章其实是在敦促大英博物馆归还希腊其在19世纪初从希腊拿走的雕像,为了证明英国对这些希腊雕像的占有是不具合法性的,作者使用了大量的史实来证明英国政府,同时对这些雕像的历史及艺术价值进行了详细描述;为了更具说服力,作者使用了大量的emotive language, sarcasm等写作策略,时而对这些雕像赞扬以证明这些雕塑对希腊的重要性,时而又讽刺挖苦英国的不讲理。不少同学对这样的文章毫无招架能力,但如果关心一下时事,不难发现,自20世纪末以来,包括中国在内的很多国家都在向大英博物馆索要本国的历史文物,大英博物馆拒绝的理由是1. 申诉国

没有证据证明这些文物是被英国政府非法占有的; 2. 涉及的国家自己没有好好保护人类共同的历史遗产,大英博物馆事实上承担了此项重任,并为此付出了巨大的人力物力;3. 如果大家都索要文物,那么大英博物馆就会被搬空了(weakening or emptying a museum);如果考生知道这些背景,那么很容易理解文章作者是在逐个反驳这些理由。

其次,阅读的时候,必须要学会提炼文章的中心思想(central claim)以及分论点(claim)。以2016年12月亚太卷America’s Future Has to be Multilingual为例,作者开门见山,提出了第一个分论点(claim),即美国在双语教育方面落后了,作者用对比、列数字、引用权威观点来证明子自己的观点,然后进入第二个分论点,论证双语能力对美国未来的重要性,而这一段作者是运用了澄清迷思、大量引用权威机构的实验结论等方法,而这两个分论点的“堆积”(building up)都是为了本文中心思想(central claim)而服务的,即当局应该投资美国的双语教育,这关系到国家未来竞争力,这样的阅读方法肯定能加快正确解读文章的速度。

如果梳理一下已经考过的文章,大家不难发现,CB选用的文章虽论证方式多样,但多数是按照“提出问题—分析问题—呼吁解决问题”这样的套路。值得关注的是,自从2017年5月开始,CB似乎已经发现考生已经适应了这样的套路,因而选用的文章已经有所改变,但无论怎么改变,正论文的写作方法无外乎这么几种,考生只需要联系上学校语文课时候,老师带领大家分析的过程,这些文章就显得浅显易懂了。

分析做到“准确、彻底、逻辑严谨并且见解独到”

Analysis: Be thorough,well-thought and insightful

难点: 毫无逻辑、不知所云

建议: 抛弃所谓的模板句,从文章出发、从段落出发

不久前CB公布了2016-2017年全球写作平均成绩:5-4-5,不难看出中间的分数,即分析部分的得分是最低的,而笔者辅导的学生成绩也证实了这样的观察。

空洞无物的“模板句”

首先,请考生忘记所谓的模板句、“闪光的句子”及“必考句型”!笔者收集了一些满分及高分作文,发现这些被CB评卷者认为完美的文章,在英文老师眼里怎么看都不能算是“完美”—啰嗦、语言稚嫩,甚至多处低级语法错误,但这些考生都无一例外地做到了“分析覆盖全文、观点清晰且独到,论证思路严谨,不疾不徐一步步推导;相反,那些套用了所谓的“必考句型”的考生,因为内容空洞无物,最后都不能得到满意分数。

比如:2017年12月考题,某位考生在文章开头写道:

In order to prevent old garments from going to waste, people nowadays often donate large amount of clothes to charity shops. In the opinion piece, “The trouble with Second-Hand Clothes”, Tansy E. Hoskins addresses the problems associated with second-hand clothes in relation to the markets.

看得出这位同学的语言还是挺干练的,但“匠气”太重,让人感觉是在套用固定模式;究其原因,批卷者最想看到的problem是什么,这位同学并没有展开,而是一笔带过。此外,这位同学在接下来的正文部分,每段开头是这样写的:

1. Hoskins has provided plenty of evidence in the passage to back up his claim and persuasiveness.

2. Tansy E. Hoskins has also connected his evidence and claims with strong logical reasoning through analysis and a counterargument.

3. Lastly, Hoskins also refers to pathos in this passage through using rhetorical questions and a scientific tone.

尽管考生提到了一点三方面特点,但这样的分析太笼统。以第一句为例,考试prompt 的要求是“请分析作者是如何运用evidence来说服读者的”,考生的首句,翻译成中文就是“Hoskins提供了大量的证据来支撑自己的观点和(增加)说服性的”,这句话等于没有说;后面两句有所改进,提到了比如counterargument、rhetorical question以及所谓的“scientific ”tone,但还是显得有些空洞;考生要牢记:好词好句是为了内容而服务的,不能本末倒置。

改进的策略是将这些“增值”部分具体化,比如第一句改为:

First, Hoskins claims that second-hand clothes damages economies of underdeveloped regions. To prove his viewpoint, he cites ample statistics, quotes research result from a prestigious university.

避免“流水账”

其次,考生经常写着写着就忘记了考试任务,你的任务是分析,而不是通篇paraphrase,或者给文章配写summary。

以2017年10月亚太考试某位考生的实考作文为例

First, the author proves that the population is likely to decrease in near future. The author employs statistics like “from more than 2 percent a year in the 1960s to roughly 1 percent a year now”, which suggests that the increasing rate of population is “actually dropping”. The author further argues that the birth rate “in

many countries has fallen”in recent decade. By employing examples of fertility, Kenya, Brazil, Iran and Ireland, the author bolsters his argument.

这样的分析就不能满足评分标准中“thorough”的要求,因为考生只是完成了分析中的一个任务,作者的写作意图,但忽略了至少这一段在文章中的作用—这段其实是一个重要的前提(prerequisite) 作者在文章第二段有讲述:他将逐一驳斥Sir David观点的两个前提条件,所以这一点应归属于The author begins off by refuting one of Sir David’s two prerequisites, which is, the world’s population keeps increasing, a common misunderstanding among the general public. 此外,还要论述这样写对读者会有什么样的效果、作者为何采用这些数据、例子,这些例子有怎样的说服力,以及这一段与下一段之间是如何自然过度的等等,这样的分析才是thorough。

写作:字迹清晰,基本的语法错误要避免

Writing:Pay attention to your grammar

难点:考试疲劳紧张,错误在所难免

建议: 避免明显的语法错误,平时要刻苦训练

总体而言,CB对学生的具体的写作部分语法、拼写要求不高—毕竟考到写作部分,考生已经奋战了3小时,疲劳加上高度紧张,错误在所难免,因此,CB 仅要求考生避免最基本的英语语法(free from the most superficial conventions of standard written English),但有些考生的语法实在令人难以恭维,主要常见的错误是冠词(a, an)的使用、第三人称单数遗漏s以及单词词性搞错,至于主语不一致、run-on句子CB几乎不做要求,因为实在数不胜数,建议同学们要把在SAT“语法”部分学到的知识运用到考试中。

比如实考作文

In his editorial “America’s Future Has to be Multilingual”, the author Linda Moore discusses the significance of multilingual education and urges the US should invest in bilingual and multilingual and apply it to the school curricula. By referencing authoritative figures, employing apt logistic analysis and appealing to emotion, the author manages to make her argument persuasively.

一段60字不到的文章,满眼尽是语法错误(红色标出),何况是文章的开头部分,这给批卷老师留下了很不好的印象。好在这位考生在正文部分写出了好几句结构sophisticated 的句子,比如:The author invokes testimonies from two renowned former politicians, Joel Klein and Condoleeza Rice, to endorse her perspective of the detrimental effect of US’s under evaluation of foreign language education. 这样的句子属于学生自身的积累,并非套用了所谓的模板,值得提倡。

从收集的高分作文来看,学生的字迹都是清晰可辨的,而且字数至少650,差不多填满三页考卷,CB给考生传递的一个信息是,字数太少,不可能把这篇文章分析透彻。笔者看到一篇满分作文,足足写了1024个单词,这与学生平时的积累、刻苦的训练密不可分,所以提醒一下平时不肯做写作作业的考生,平时不训练,不要指望考试会出现奇迹。

如上就是三立网课教育小编为大家带来的新SAT写作常见错误及改正建议的相关资讯,掌握最新SAT资讯,敬请关注(三立在线教育SAT网)更多SAT考试资讯以及备考资料免费领!

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月新SAT官方新样题第一时间解读:满分写作范文解析

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