第四章语法概说练习
一、填空
1、语法是词、词组、句子等语言单位的______规律。
2、语法学分_____和_____两个部分。
3、语素的主要作用是________。
4、“西班牙到处都是斗牛场”中有_____个语素。
5、组成词组的词与词之间在______和______上都要能搭配。
6、大部分词组可以加上_______成为句子。
7、给词分类的依据是___________。
8、“怪事”中的“怪”是______词，“怪好看的”中的“怪”是______词。
9、主谓句是由_______词组构成的句子。
10、“多么壮丽的山河啊！”属于非主谓句中的_______。
11、用结构助词“的、地、得”填空。
12、踏踏实实_____调查_____过程就是学习_____过程。
13、有一座塔，由于修建年代较近，保存_____较为完整。
14、斯坦因他们回到国外，受到了热烈____欢迎。
15、中国_____专家没有太大_____激动，他们默默_____离开了会场，走过王道士_____圆寂塔前。
16、没想到沙漠中_____雪化_____这样快。
17、杨虹站______远远_____看着我。
二、单项选择
1.下列各组中，每个成员都是词的是_____。
A.仁伽着
B.沮素伏
C．偶了玻 D.的想学
2.“沙子”和“沙龙”中的“沙”______。
A.都是语素
B.都不是语素
C.前者是语素，后者不是语素
D．前者不是语素，后者是语素
3. 下列各词属于单纯词的是______。
A．阿姨 B.房间 C.木头 D.马虎
4．下列各组属于附加式合成词的是_____。
A．老师松子 B.老虎帽子
B. 老路山头 D.老人盼头
5.下列合成词跟“冰凉”结构方式相同的是_____。
A.地震
B.笔直
C.花朵
D.冰雪
6.“令人发指”和“狐假虎威”这两个成语的结构分别是______。
A.偏正结构、主谓结构
B.兼语结构、动宾结构
C．兼语结构、连谓结构 D.中补结构、动宾结构
7.“秘密让他发现了”和“让他先发言”，其中的两个“让”______。
A.都是动词
B.都是介词
C．前一个是动词，是介词 D.前一个是介词，后一个是动词
8.“他在黑板上写字”和“他在干活”，其中的两个“在”分别是____。
A.动词、介词
B.副词、动词
C.介词、介词
D.介词、副词
9．“车站”的“站”和“站起来”的“站”______。
A.是同一个词
B.是不同的词
C.是兼类词
D.是词的活用
10.下列语言单位中是词的是______。
A.喝彩
B.喝水
C.骑马
D.扫雪
11.“两个人吃三两饭”中的两个“两”是______。
A.同音词
B.兼类词
C.多义词
D.同义词
12.“态度很端正”和“端正了态度”中的两个“端正”，“打了一斤油”和“打这儿往西”中的两个“打”分别是词的______。
A.兼类现象和同音现象
B.同音现象和兼类现象
C．兼类现象和活用现象 D.活用现象和兼类现象13．属于兼语词组的是_______。
A．有权利申诉 B.有人不同意
C．有的人不同意D。看见他们玩儿
14.“让人家上当太不应该”在结构上是______。
A．兼语词组 B.连谓词组 C.偏正词组 D.主谓词组
15.“比我早”在结构上是_______。
A.连谓词组
B.偏正词组
C.兼语词组
D.联合词组
16.主语和谓语划分得正确的是______。
A.他不参加，//说明他没想通。
B.她手上//提着一个大包。
C.前天//我刚从新疆回来。
D.这本书我//没有读过。
17.“花他已经浇过了”、“他已经浇过花了”，两句的主语_______。
A.都是施事
B.都是受事
C.前者是受事
D.后者是受事
18.“小鬼，你这算什么行军啊！”是_______。
A.感叹句
B.询问句
C.反问句
D.陈述句
19.下列句子中标点符号使用没有错误的是______。
A.她的人太好了；她的命太苦了。
B.怎么回事，谁来过了？
C.据我所知，上海和外地的绝大多数高校，情况基本相同。
D．请你问问她下午还来不来？
三、名词解释
语法语素词定语状语
单纯词合成词兼语词组句型主谓句名词谓语句主谓谓语句句类祈使句
四、分析
1、指出下列词语哪些是单纯词，哪些是合成词。
仿佛教室玲珑蜻蜓开业歇斯底里
稀里哗啦祝贺端坐山头板子
2、指出下列词组的结构类型。
清新的空气舒畅地呼吸决心大
得到安慰跑得飞快头脑清晰
3、指出下列合成词的构成方式。
热敷头疼遥控书签书本干洗
杯子鱼子霜降捕捉乐器洗脑
削弱老板销售改善姐姐使用
皮影戏乒乓球打主意巡洋舰
4、指出下列句子中代词的用法。
身上青一块紫一块，碰哪哪疼。
你看着我，我看着你，大家一下子都傻了眼。
那些没有说完的话却不知跑到哪儿去了。
我索性放下笔，什么也不写了。
对什么游戏玩耍他都一看就成了专家。
5、指出下列句子中划线的词是动词还是介词，并说明理由。今天非跟他比个高低不可。
我比他差远了。
跟上队伍！
跟我走。
把这些都拿走吧。
拿毛笔写。
6、分析下列词组的结构类型，如果有多个层次，请逐层分析。（1）用手捂住胸口（2）走上探险之路
（3）从牡丹江出发（4）友情确实重要
（5）遗漏了很重要的一点（6）纷纷发表言论
（7）匡二秋要跟他说的事情跟电脑有关
（8）一位默默无闻的中年音乐教师
7、指出下列句子的句型，要指出小类和句类。
王逸是个瘦骨伶仃的青年男子。
买书是好事情。
我的事跟你有什么关系？
棒极了！
你是哪位？
不知道过了多久。
你要不要再喝一点绿豆汤？
有些事情我们不能忘记。
一个有趣的故事。
给我！
五、简答
1.语法里的词法和句法各研究什么？
2.语法单位有哪些？它们之间有什么关系？
3.举例说明什么叫词根，什么叫词缀。
4.词的语法功能包括哪些内容？
5.什么样的词是实词？什么样的词是虚词？
6.“我住在三楼”里的“三”和“我走了三里路”的“三”有什么区别？
7.举例说明怎样区分现代汉语中的连词“和”与介词“和”。
8.什么是词组？词组可以根据什么分类？
9.说说“把”字句的特点。
10.汉语中的动态助词“着”“了”“过”的区别是什么？
六、找出错误并改正。
1、指出下列句子中的语病并改正。
（1）“四人帮”被粉碎后，各种学术研究又得到恢复，社会学也开始收到了重视和发展。
（2）读了这篇文章，是我从心里感到中国共产党真是一个伟大、英明、正确的无产阶级政党。
（3）年轻的小伙子开始紧张起来。
（4）所以我们说这个时期是当代戏剧史上一个值得注意的历史现象。
（5）我国超过六成以上的国民对自身阅读抱有更高期待。
（6）让我们提前预祝神奇发射成功。
（7）他把这件事没有放在心上。
2、指出下来句子中用错的标点符号并改正。
（1）她们的精神值得赞赏；她们的勇气值得鼓励。
（2）叫声一响，龙海生就会警觉地耸起头来，判断是谁的声音？判断声音是从哪里发出来的？
（3）同时鲍女士还给我父亲写了信，问他让不让我去？
（4）对于上级，我负责，他们怎么处分我！我也接受。
（5）很多歌手出道五、六年的时候就会想要转型。
（6）毒贩子——是这个世界上最见不得阳光的人，他隐姓埋名，偷梁换柱把自己包装成另外一个人。
（7）“行喽，”小陈停了一会儿说：“叫我干什么我就干什么。”
（8）师范院校的学生都必须学习《教育学》、《心理学》等公共必修课。
（9）他家里的人说：“自己家里的炉子用多少煤，你从来不管，对火车烧煤却这样认真”。他说：“国家的事要一丝不苟”。
（10）一个时期，诗人对于季节：初夏秋冬的自然描写特别多。
七、给下面的语句加上标点。
1.春天院东一株紫丁香繁花怒放香气溢出院外夏天南北墙面上布满美国爬山虎层层绿叶秘密相叠满院生绿秋天院西一架玫瑰香葡萄硕果累累伸手可摘冬天东北角的一丛竹子西南角的一株松柏虽说不上青翠健壮却也显示着一种岁寒中的温情
2.尽管屈原司马迁曹雪芹也受了不少苦但宁古塔那样的流放方式却永远也出不了离骚史记和红楼梦
3.我们这一代很少有人在文化大革命初期完全没有被大串联的浪潮裹卷过但又很少有人能讲得清这是怎么回事
4．避暑山庄是康熙的长城与蜿蜒千里的秦始皇长城相比哪个更高明些呢
5．我读书多半在深夜四周都已沉睡只有我和作者在轻声聊天
大学英语四级语法题大全 1、_____all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen. A.At B.In C.For D.On 2、____beforewe depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A.Had they arrived B.Would they arrive C.Were they arriving D.Were they to arrive 3、____ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization. A.Continuous B.Continual C.Constant D.Contrary 4、____ he's already heard the news. A.Chances are B.Chance is C.Opportunities are D.Opportunity is 5、____ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid. A.But for B.According to C.For all D.Thanks to 6、____ man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do to reduce their radioactivity. A.As B.Whether C.While D.Now that
大学英语四级写作资料 一、大学英语四级考试大纲（2006 修订版）对写作的要求 写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。考试时间30分钟。 写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作部分考核的技能是： A.思想表达 1.表达中心思想 2.表达重要或特定信息 3.表达观点、态度等 B.篇章组织 4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点 5.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇 C.语言运用 6.运用恰当的词汇 7.运用正确的语法 8.运用合适的句子结构 9.使用正确的标点符号 10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等） D.写作格式 11.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式 大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。” 二、四级考试写作评分标准 （1）本题满分为15分。 （2）阅卷标准共分四等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1-2份。 （3）阅卷人根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）； 若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。（4）评分标准 ?2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 ?5分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语法错误。 ?8分：基本切题。思想表达清楚，文章尚连贯，但语法错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。 ?11分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语法错误。 ?14分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语法错误。仅有个别小错误。 ?注：白卷、所写内容与题目毫不相关或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。 （5）字数不足应酌情扣分。 题目中给出主题句、起始句和结束句，均不得记入所写字数。 只写一段者：0-4分；只写两段者，0-9分（指规定三段的作文） （6）各档作文相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60分（相当于百分制的60分）。
1) After searching for half an hour, she realized that her glasses ____ on the table all the time. A) were lain B) had been lain C) are lying D)had been lying 2) By the time you get to Beijing tomorrow, I ____ for Shanghai. A) shall have left B) will leave C) am leaving D)have already left 3) I bought a new house last year, but I ____ my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) have not sold C) had not sold D) don't sell 4) Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they ____ better health. A) could have enjoyed B) have enjoyed C) have been enjoyed D)are enjoying 5) I decided to go to the library as soon as I ____ . A) finish what I did B) finished what I did C) finished what I was doing D) would finish what I was doing 6) Julia hadn't reached the restaurant when Jim ____ there. A)got B) has got C) had got D) had been 7) Even though they ____ for twenty years, the two neighbors are not on good terms. A) have been lived side by side B) had been living side by side C) have been side by side living D) have been living side by side 8) When the final grades were posted, Max ____ that he had passed the physics exam after all. A) discovers B) discovered C) had discovered D) has discovered 9) I ____ you the book as soon as possible, I promise you. A) would send B) will send C) sent D) send 10) We ____ down when she ____ plates of food for us. A) had hardly sat, had bought B) hardly sat, bought C) hardly sat, had bought D) had hardly sat, bought
英语四级考试必备基础语法知识 动词时态 1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve been sitting in the garden. 2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 I’d been working for some tim e when he called. We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years. 4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事. I shall have finished this one before lunch. They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October. 动词语态 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等. It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk. 担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如: Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语. He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
英语四级名词语法题目
一名词的种类 1According to the new tax law, any money earned over that level is taxed at the of 59 per cent. A.ratio B. percentage C. proportion D. Rate 【详解】答案为D，按照新的税收法，凡是收入超过邢个标准的都要按59%的税率征税。 名词词义和用法辨析题。rate“比率”通常用于at the rate of(按......的比率)，故D正确。ratio“比，比率”，多以具体数据体现两个关系平行的事物的数量之比，所涉及的两个比较项必须同时出现；percentage“百分比”，因后面已经出现百分数，可排除此项；“比例”，通常用于in proportion to（依照比例；和......相比）和in the proportion of (以......的比例） 2The police have offered a large for information leading to the robber’s arrest. A.award B. compensation C.prize D.reward 【详解】答案为D，警方已经开出了大额悬赏，希望有人能提供有助于抓获抢劫犯的消息。reward表示“酬劳、报酬、奖赏”一般指因为做了某件事或提供了某种服务而应得的报答或酬谢。在本中，reward表示给提供消息的人报酬或奖赏，符合题意，选D。award表
示“奖，奖品，奖金”；prize的含义与award非常相似，也表示因出众的表现而获得的“奖品，奖金”，经常与某次考试、竞赛相联系；compensation 表示“补偿，赔偿” 3Drive straight ahead，and then you will see a to the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway. A.sign B. mark C.signal D.board 【详解】答案为A，直接向前开，然后你会看见一个路标指向上海一南京高速公路。sign“标记，记号，征兆”，尤指标准化的、复杂的或记号的形状本身带有指向意义的符号，还可指手势。在本甸用作“路标”这种标准化且带有形状含义的标记，符合题意。mark“标志，痕迹，记号”；signal“信号”，通常指特定情况下对有关人员发出的声音或行为；board“(供特殊用途的)木板”。 二名词单复数 4“Look! The police ________ here to keep order! Go away quickly,” one of them shouted. A. is coming B. comes C. are coming D. has come
英语专业四级历年语法试题 虚拟语气部分 1. If you _____ in such a hurry, you _____ sugar into the sauce instead of salt. (TEM4-1992-50) A. were not, would not put B. were, would put C. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put 2. _____ their help, we would not have succeeded. (TEM4-1992-55) A. Hadn’t been for B. Had not it been for C. It hadn’t been for D. Had it not been for 3. She asked that she _____ allowed to see her son in police custody. (TEM4-1993-50) A. would be B. could b C. be D. was 4. _____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.
(TEM4-1994-53) A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for 5. It was recommended that passengers _____ smoke during the flight. (TEM4-1994-58) A.not B. need not C. could not D. would not 6. _____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with questions. (TEM4-1994-62) A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized D. As I realized 7. _____, he would not have recovered so quickly. (TEM4-1995-65) A. Hadn’t he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of 8. I _____ the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people
第一章动词的时与体(Tense & Aspect) 时（tense）是个语法范畴，它是表示时间区别的动词形式。英语动词只有“现在时”和“过去时”，而没有“将来时”（在英语中，表示“将来”手段多种多样，但没有一种独特的、能与“现在时”和“过去时”平起平坐的专一表示“将来”的动词形式----“将来时”）。 体（aspect）也是一个语法范畴，它表示动作或过程在一定时间内处于何种状态的动词形式。英语有进行体(progressive aspect)和完成体(perfective aspect)。进行体是由助动词be的一定形式加主动词的-ing 分词构成；完成体由助动词have的一定形式加主动词的-ed分词构成。 现在时和过去时既可以单独使用，也可以和进行体或完成体结合使用，也可以同时与完成体和进行体结合使用。这样，英语的限定动词词组便有8种时、体形式。它们分别是：一般现在时(simple present)、一般过去时(simple past)、现在进行体(present progressive)、过去进行体(past progressive)、现在完成体(present perfective)、过去完成体(past perfective)、现在完成进行体(present perfective progressive)、过去完成进行体(past perfective progressive)。在这一章中，我们单独挑出完成体来加以详述。 1．1 必须使用完成体的结构 1）It (This, This evening, yesterday...) is (was, will be) first (second, third...) time (day, month…)…结构中的分句，要求用完成体。 Is this the first time you've been to Beijing? This was the first time he had been to Beijing. This is the eighth month that I have been out of work.. This was the eighth month that I had been out of work. This is the second time that the goods produced by our factory have been shown in the International Exhibition. This was the second time that the goods produced by our factory had been shown in the International Exhibition. 2）在no sooner…than, hardly/barely/scarcely…when,等的句型中，主句要用过去完成体。 He had no sooner seen me than he left the room. No sooner had he seen me than he left the room. The helicopter had hardly landed when the waiting crowd ran toward it. Scarcely had I seen the lightning when I heard a clap of thunder. 3）将来完成体用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的分句连用。 I will have finished all the work by the time you are back this evening. I am sure he will have left Paris by this time tomorrow. I hope we will have got all the information before you come tomorrow. By the time you get to New York, I _______for London. （2002年1月） A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left 本题时间状语为by+将来时间，考察将来完成体用法，应选择D)。 By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ________here for two days.（2001年6月） A) have been staying B) have stayed C) shall stay D) will have stayed 将来完成体用来可以表示在将来某一时间以前一直持续的动作，本句话的意思是：我们将在这里呆两天，因此谓语动词用将来完成体，答案为D)。 1．2 现在完成体与现在完成进行体 现在完成进行体兼有现在完成体和现在进行体二者基本特点。由于它有现在完成体的特点，所以它
2009英语专业四级词汇与语法全真模拟练习二 全真模拟练习二 1.____native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world. A. In spite of B. That it is C. It was D. Although 2. Our civilization cannot be thought of as____in a short period of time. A. to have been created B. to be created C. having been created D. being created 3. We feel it is high time that the Government ____something to check the inflation. A. did B. do C.should do D. would do 4. It has been proposed that we____our decision until the next meeting. A.delayed B.delay C. can delay D. are to delay 5. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy five miles an hour ____originate over tropical ocean waters. A. which B. who C. where D.how to 6.____is announced in the papers, our country has launched a large scale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals.
2013英语专业四级真题语法、完型填空题及解析 【完形填空原文】 Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: Without it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us；nor the workers in government offices who look after our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves；nor the ministers and members of parliament(国会) who govern the country for us. By means of taxation, we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. But everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different ideas about how taxation should be arranged. Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year? Or should there be tax on things that people buy and sell? If the first kind of taxation is used, should everyone pay the same tax, whether he is rich or poor? If the second kind of tax is preferred, should everything be taxed equally? In most countries, a direct tax on persons, which is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer’s income grows. In England, for example, the tax on the richest people goes up as high as ninety-five percent! But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”. Of course, it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops who really have to pay the duties, in the form of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is got but the tax is fairer, as the rich pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement. 【语法题真题及解析】 51. Facing the board of directors,he didn't deny __________ breaking the agreement. A. him B. it C. his D. its 解析：本题考查动名词的逻辑主语。动名词可以有自己的逻辑（意义）主语，一般可以用名词所有格Tom‘s，代词宾格如him（口语），书面语情况下一般用物主代词his，their。本题选C，但我还是要吐槽，因为根本就不需要多此一举添加his, he didn't
大学英语四级常考语法总结 一、虚拟语气。应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。 二、独立主格题。一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。两种结构都做状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。 三、时态。英语中共有16个时态。四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。 四、名词性从句。形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分，从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 五、主谓一致。这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则：主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
六、倒装结构。分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别，as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。 七、非谓语动词。①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式;③表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。
英语四级语法200条：名词部分练习题 )The doctor checked up Mike's hearts. A) mother in law's and his brother in law's B) mother's in law and his brother's in law C) mother in law and his brother in law's D) mother in law and brother in law's 2)“Where that one hundred dollar bill I gave you last week?”Tom asked. A) are B) is C) has D) was 3)Three years had passed. I found he had. A) a few white hair B) a few white hairs C) some white hair D) much white hair 4)With the improvement of people's standard of living, cosmetics a favorite topic, especially among women. A) has become B) becomes C) become D) have become 5)Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. A) seemed B) seem
C) is seeming D) seems 6) Mr. and Mrs. Smith are so excited today, for they bought yester day. A) many furniture B) so many furniture C) many piece of furniture D) a lot of furniture 7)We saw a lot of in the fields eating grass. A) cow and sheep B) cows and sheep C) cow and sheeps D) cows and sheeps 8) Every means been tried since then. A) has B) have C) are D) is 9) When young deer, their coloring will hide them well. A) is motionless B) kept motionless C) is kept motionless D) are motionless
四级语法讲义 一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 2．被动形式 ? CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 ? 时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于 虚拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / /
英语专业四级词汇语法练习题(二) (A)1. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free，owing to its always___a_with other elements，most commonly with oxygen. A. being combined B. having combined C. to combine D. combined ( )2. Physics is the present day equivalent of ____used to be called natural philosophy，from ____ most of present day science arose. A. which，what B. that，which C. what，which D. what，that ( )3. On no account ____ever leave the baby at home alone. A. should you B. you should C. shall you D. you shall ( )4. ____the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the Middle Ages. A. It is the sun and not the earth B. That the sun and not the earth C. Being the sun and not the earth D. The sun and not the earth 5. The reason that his property was confiscated by the country，it ____，was that he was involved in a lot of fraudulent activities during the war. A. was turned out B. was being turned out C. being turned out D. turned out 6. I’d rather you ____by train because the weather forec ast said there would be heavy snow tomorrow. A. went B. should go C. will go D. go 7. Einstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921 and enjoyed great fame in Germany until the rise of Nazism ____he was expelled from Germany because he was a Jew.
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌 ④在same和such之后，定语从句用as引导， 如：Let’s discuss only such questions as concern us. 让我们只讨论与我们有关的问题。 I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从来没听说过他讲的这种故事。 I shall be surprised if he does this in the same way as I do. 如果他做这件事的方法和我一样，那就奇怪了。 She works in the same office as I do. 她和我在同一个办公室工作。 She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister does. 她姐妹俩穿同样的衣服。 He’s wearing the same dress as he wore at Mary’s wedding. 他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。 This is the same watch as I have lost. 这块表和我丢的那块一样。 I’ve never seen such kind of people as they are. 我从来没见过像他们这样的人。 I’ve never seen such kind people as they are. 我从来没见过象他们这样厚道的人。 I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 但是，如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生，则两部分都要用来将来时， 注：④在same和such之后，定语从句用as引导， 偶尔，the same 后面也用that， 如：He’s wearing the same suit that he wore at Mary’s wedding. 他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。 She works in the same office that I do. 她和我在同一个办公室工作。 This is the same watch that I have lost. 这块表和我丢的那块一样。 as 引导非限定性定语从句即可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接下列句型。如：as is known, as is said, as is reported as is announced 等。 例如：As we all know, Mr. Wang is a good teacher.