2017年12月全国大学英语四级模拟冲刺试卷
COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST
Band Four
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled On Students’ Physical
Well-being based on following materials given bellow. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
材料一: 当前大学生戴眼镜、“豆芽菜”、小胖墩的比例明显较10 年前多；
材料二: 某大学女生800 米跑、男生1000 米跑测试较2000 年分别下降10.3%和10.9%。
Your essay should cover the following outline:
1. 说明材料反应的情况；
2. 出现这种情况可能的原因；
3. 你认为应该采取的措施。
Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) To attract the world’s attention.
B) To raise a large amount of money for development projects.
C) To improve its financial situation.
D) To attract capitals from other countries.
2. A) In a eastern city of Sierra Leone. B) In a northern mountain of Sierra Leone.
C) In an eastern village of Sierra Leone.D) In a coal mine of Sierra Leone.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) In a private car.B) In a military checkpoint.
C) In a truck.D) In a government building.
4. A) An American military base.B) A university found by the United States.
C) A mosque.D) A commercial area in the capital of Somali.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) A famine.B) A political unrest.
C) A skyrocketing price of food.D) A water shortage.
6. A) A power struggle between its two politicians.
B) Life-threatening hunger that millions of South Sudanese people face.
C) Dispute over territory with other countries.
D) People stand up against the tyranny of the government.
7. A) They shut down a lot of factories.
B) They forbid women to get engaged in agricultural production.
C) The fighting and violence caused by them worsen a catastrophe.
D) Their agricultural reform turns out to be a failure.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each passage, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the news report you have just heard.
8. A) She is working in the library.
B) She is reading history books in the library.
C) She is working in the library as a volunteer.
D) She is taking an interview in the library.
9. A) It requires a deposit to borrow books.
B) It offers a training for new recruits.
C) It has got many facilities.
D) It has never been closed before.
10. A) He is going to organize a project.
B) He is going to read magazines in the library.
C) He is going to go to Greece.
D) He is going to looking for a new job in the town.
11. A) The trip to Greece.
B) The Internet.
C) The history class she teaches at school.
D) The new section with materials on the history of the town.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) He is planning to work for the jazz band during the festival.
B) He is on holiday with his family.
C) He is good at playing the flute.
D) He isn’t into jazz music at all.
13. A) In a secondary school.B) In a primary school.
C) Beside the cinema.D) By the river.
14. A) Symphony orchestras.B) Jazz bands.
C) Her husband.D) A singing group.
15. A) Next to the box office.B) Under the railway bridge
C) At the back of the secondary school.D) In the river behind the cinema.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) Encourage people to spend less time on their digital Gadgets.
B) Governments around the world work sign more political agreements.
C) More money should be invested in primary education.
D) Great efforts should be made to invest in girls’ education.
17. A) They don’t have basic internet skills.B) They don’t have access to health care.
C) There is no psychosocial support for them.D) They are too poor to get one.
18. A) Desktops. B) Mobile phones.
C) Laptops.D) Tablets.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) To make sure all its people have access to government services.
B) To make it more competitive in the international arena.
C) To secure for all Americans their unalienable rights
D) To win the support of its people.
20. A) Whenever a government went against the will of its people.
B) When a government was unable to safeguard its own rights in international interactions.
C) When a government failed to provide its people with satisfactory services.
D) When a government continued to refuse to respect and secure the rights of its citizens after a lot of bad
behaviors.
21. A) 50.B) 56.
C) 60.D) 48.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) A tree.B) A Christmas tree.
C) A building.D) A nursery.
23. A) In a park.B) By a roadside.
C) Under the rubble.D) In the Central Park.
24. A) It was decapitated. B) It was in good condition.
C) It was eight feet tall. D) It had no branches and leaves left.
25. A) Outside the Century 21 discount department store.B) In lower Manhattan.
C) In front of the September 11 Memorial. D) In a nursery.
Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The students in my course were doing something new—taking control over their love lives. We grow up on fairy tales and movies in which 26 forces help people find their soul mates, with whom they 27 live happily ever after. The fairy tales leave us powerless, putting our love lives into the hands of the Fates. But here is a 28 : most of the world has never heard of those fairy tales. Instead more than half of marriages on our globe are brokered by parents or professional matchmakers, whose main 29 are long-term suitability and family harmony. In India an 30 95 percent of the marriages are arranged, and although divorce is legal, India has one of the lowest divorce rates in the world. Young couples in India generally have a choice about whether to proceed, and the combination of choice and sound guidance probably 31 for the fact that studies of arranged marriages in India indicate that they measure up well—in, for example, longevity, satisfaction and love—against Western marriages. Indeed, the love experienced by Indian couples in arranged marriages appears to be even more 32 than the love people experience in “love marriages.” A careful look at arranged marriage, combined with the knowledge 33 in relationship science, has the 34 to give us real control over our love lives—without practicing arranged marriage. Americans want it all—the freedom to choose a partner and the deep, lasting love of fantasies and fairy tales. We can achieve that kind of love by learning about and practicing techniques that build love over time. And when our love is 35 , we can use such techniques to rebuild that love. The alternative—leaving it to chance—makes little sense.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Education Study Finds U. S. Falling Behind
[A] Teachers in the United States earn less relative to national income than their counterparts in many industrialized countries, yet they spend far more hours in front of the classroom, according to a major new international study.
[B] The salary differentials are part of a pattern of relatively low public investment in education in the United States compared with other member nations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, a group in Paris that compiled the report. Total government spending on educational institutions in the United States
slipped to 4.8 percent of gross domestic product in 1998, falling under the international average —5 percent —for the first time.
[C] “The whole economy has grown faster than the education system,”Andreas Schleicher, one of the reports’ authors, explained. “The economy has done very well, but teachers have not fully benefit.” The report, due out today, is the sixth on education published since1991 by the organization of 30 nations, founded in 1960, and now covering much of Europe, North America, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand.
[D] In addition to the teacher pay gap, the report shows the other countries have begun to catch up with the United States in higher education: college enrollment has grown by 20 percent since 1995across the group, with one in four young people now earning degrees. For the first time, the United States’college graduation rate, now at 33percent, is not the world’s highest. Finland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Britain have surpassed it.
[E] The United States is also producing fewer mathematics and science graduates than most of the other member states. And, the report says, a college degree produces a greater boost in income here while the lack of a high school diploma imposes a bigger income penalty. “The number of graduates is increasing, but that stimulates even more of a demand —there is no end in sight,”Mr. Schleicher said. “The demand for skill, clearly, is growing faster than the supply that is coming from schools and colleges.”
[F] The report lists the salary for a high school teacher in the United States with 15 years experience as $36,219, above the international average of $31,887but behind seven other countries and less than 60 percent of Switzerland’s $62,052. Because teachers in the Unites States have a heavier classroom load —teaching almost a third more hours than their counterparts abroad —their salary per hour of actual teaching is $35, less than the international average of $41 (Denmark, Spain and Germany pay more than $50 per teaching hour, South Korea $77). In 1994, such a veteran teacher in the United States earned 1.2 times the average per capita income whereas in 1999 the salary was just under the national average. Only the Czech Republic, Hungary, Iceland and Norway pay their teachers less relative to national income; in South Korea, teachers the actual teaching salary earn 2.5 times the national average. Teacher pay accounts for 56 percent of what the United States spends on education, well below the 67 percent average among the group of countries.
[G] The new data come as the United States faces a shortage of two million teachers over the next decade, with questions of training, professionalism and salaries being debated by politicians local and national. Joost Yff, an international expert at the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education, said training for teachers is comparable among most of the nations in the study, and that they are all dealing with similar issues of raising standards and increasing professionalism.
[H] Though the United States lags behind in scores on standardized tests in science and mathematics, students here get more instruction in those subjects, the report shows. The average 14-year-oldAmerican spent 295 hours in math and science classes in 1999, far more than the 229 international average; only Austria (370 hours), Mexico (367) and New Zealand (320) have more instruction in those subjects. Middle-schoolers here spend less time than their international counterparts studying foreign languages and technology, but far more hours working on physical education and vocational skills. High school students in the United States are far more likely to have part-time jobs: 64 percent of Americans ages 15 to19 worked while in school, compared with an international average of 31 percent (only Canada and the Netherlands, with 69 percent, and Denmark, with 75 percent, were higher).
[I] One place the United States spends more money is on special services for the disabled and the poor. More than one in four children here are in programs based on income —only five other countries serve even 1 in 10—and nearly 6 percent get additional resources based on physical or mental handicaps, twice or three times the rate in other countries.
[J] The report shows a continuing shift in which the United States is losing its status as the most highly educated among the nations. The United States has the highest level of high school graduates ages 55 to 64, but falls to fifth, behind Norway, Japan, South Korea, the Czech Republic and Switzerland, among ages 25 to 34. Among college graduates, it leads in the older generation but is third behind Canada and Japan in the younger
cohort (一群). While the portion of Americans with high school diplomas remains at 88 percent across age groups, the average age among member countries is rising. It has gone from 58 percent of those ages 45 to 54, to 66percent of those ages 35 to 44 and 72 percent of those ages 25 to 34. A higher percentage of young people in Norway, Japan, South Korea, the Czech Republic and Switzerland have degrees than in the United States.
[K] “The U.S. has led the development in college education and making education sort of accessible for everyone,” Mr. Schleicher said. “It’s now becoming the norm.”
36. Compared with their counterparts in many industrialized countries, the U.S. teachers work longer.
37. The U.S. government spent 4.8% of its GDP on education in 1998.
38. From the passage we learn about Finland surpasses the U.S. in college graduation rate.
39. When the number of graduates in the U.S. increases, the demand for them is rising.
40. The new study shows that the actual teaching salary per hour in the U.S. is $35.
41. In the report, the U.S. students’study of science and mathematics get most instruction in those subjects in the OECD.
42. Compared with those in other OECD countries, high school students in the U.S. spend more time in physical education and vocational skills.
43. It is for the special services for the disabled and the poor that the United States pays more money than other OECD countries.
44. Those who have high school diplomas in the U. S. account for 88percent of the Americans of all ages.
45. According to Mr. Schleicher, the U.S. is becoming the norm in making education accessible for everyone and college education.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),Ｂ),Ｃ) andＤ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has fund that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困扰) you—appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.
His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in a instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an
unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
46.Hancock’s study focuses on ________.
A) the consequences of lying in various communications media
B) the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas
C) people are less likely to lie in instant messages
D) people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media
47.Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ________.
A) people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C) people are most likely to lie in email communication
D) people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
48.According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of
communication?
A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.
B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.
C) They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
D) They are most practised at those forms of communication.
49.According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________.
A) salesmen can talk directly to their customers
B) salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate
C) salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy
D) salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively
50.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A) honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications
B) more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees
C) suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes
D) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come work and live here? In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.
On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states
staged “Operation Safe Travel”—raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification (身份证明). In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said the undocumented workers’ illegal status made them open to blackmail (讹诈) by terrorists.
Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.
Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then you’re disposable. There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said.
If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation (驱逐出境). Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry’s.
51.According to the author, the United States claims to be a nation ________.
A) composed of people having different values
B) encouraging individual pursuits
C) sharing common interests
D) founded on shared ideals
52.How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about “Operation Safe Travel”?
A) Guilty.
B) Offended.
C) Disappointed.
D) Discouraged.
53.Undocumented workers became the target of “Operation Safe Travel” because ________.
A) evidence was found that they were potential terrorists
B) most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorists
C) terrorists might take advantage of their illegal status
D) they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport
54.By saying “...we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are” (Line 2, Para. 4), Mayor
Anderson means “________”.
A) we will turn a blind eye to your illegal status
B) we will examine the laws in a different way
C) there are other ways of enforcing the law
D) the existing laws must not be ignored
55.What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?
A) She will be deported sooner or later.
B) She is allowed to stay permanently.
C) Her case has been dropped.
D) Her fate remains uncertain.
Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.
You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。
人力资源管理师四级考前冲刺精选试题及答案解析（附答案解析） 一、选择题 1在常见的绩效信息采集方法中,()是考评人员到有关数据统计或汇总的权威部门查证有关数据采集考核信息。 A.实地调查法 B.现场记录法 C.数据积累法 D.问卷调查法 参考答案：C 参考解析： 常见的绩效信息采集方法包括:①实地调查法;②现场记录法;③数据积累法; ④问卷调查法;⑤抽样调查法。其中,数据积累法是指考评人员到有关数据统计或汇总的权威部门查证有关数据采集考核信息。 2下列陈述中,符合绩效考核指标设置要求的是()。 A.让顾客完全满意 B.熟悉设备的使用和维护 C.尽量节约时间 D.每月废品率不超过1% 参考答案：D 参考解析：
绩效应以完成工作所达到的可接受的条件为标准,不宜定得过高。由于绩效标准是考评评判的基础,因此,必须客观化、定量化,具体做法是将考评要项逐一分解,形成考评的评判标准。只有D项指标符合客观化、定量化的要求。 3绩效管理制度的基本内容不包括()。 A.绩效管理的目标 B.员工申诉的管理办法 C.职位晋升的标准 D.考评结果应用原则及配套措施 参考答案：C 参考解析： 在起草和编写企业员工绩效管理制度时,至少应当包括以下十个方面的基本内容:①概括说明建立绩效管理制度的原因、绩效管理的地位和作用;②对绩效管理的组织机构设置、职责范围、业务分工,以及各级参与绩效管理活动的人员的责任、权限、义务和要求做出具体的规定;③明确规定绩效管理的目标、程序和步骤,以及具体实施过程中应当遵守的基本原则和具体的要求;④对各类人员绩效考评的方法、设计的依据和基本原理、考评指标和标准体系做出简要确切的解释和说明;⑤详细规定绩效考评的类别、层次和考评期限;⑥对绩效管理中所使用的报表格式、考评量表、统计口径、填写方法、评述撰写和上报期限,以及对考评结果偏误的控制和剔除提出具体的要求;⑦对绩效考评结果的应用原则和要求,以及与之配套的薪酬奖励、人事调整、晋升培训等规章制度的贯彻实施和相关政策的兑现办法做出明确规定;⑧对各个职能和业务部门年度绩效管理总结、表彰活动和要求做出原则规定;⑨对绩效考评中员工申诉的权利、具体程序和管理办法
大学英语四级考试预测试题二 Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay according to the following instructions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Dama* square dance culture has generated some controversy recently. On the one hand, Dama square dance reflects social progress and the increasingly colorful life of senior citizens. On the other hand, many citizens who live near the square are disturbed by the noise of Dama square dance. What?s your opinion of Dama square dance? What ?s your suggestion toward the problem? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 1. A）Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels. C）The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala. B）An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. D）Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda ?s capital. 2. A）On Christmas Eve. C）During a security check. B）Just before midnight. D）In the small hours of the morning. Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 3. A）It is likely to close many of its stores. C）It remains competitive in the recession. B）It is known for the quality of its goods. D）It will expand its online retail business. 4. A）Expand its business beyond groceries. C）Cut its DVD publishing business. B）Fire 25,000 of its current employees. D）Sell the business for one pound. Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 5. A）All taxis began to use meters. C）Advertisements were allowed on taxis. B）All taxis got air conditioning. D）Old taxis were replaced with new cabs. 6. A） A low interest loan scheme. C）Taxi passengers? c omplaints. B）Environmentalists ?protests. D）Permission for car advertising.
四级考前冲刺试题一 1. 有人认为公交车上年轻人必须给老人让座 2. 有人认为年轻人没有义务给老人让座 3. 你的看法Is Offering Seats Compulsory for Young Passengers? Eat an Apple (Doctor’s Orders) The farm stand is becoming the new apothecary (药剂师), preparing and giving out apples — not to mention vegetables such as artichokes, asparagus and arugula — to fill a novel kind of prescription. Doctors at three health centers in Massachusetts have begun advising patients to eat “prescription produce” from local farmers’ markets, in an effort to fight obesity (when someone is very fat in a way that is unhealthy) in children of low-income families. Now they will give coupons (赠券) amounting to $1 a day for each member of a patient’s family to promote healthy meals. “A lot of these kids have a very limited range of fruits and vegetables that are acceptable and familiar to them. Potentially, they will try more,” said Dr. Suki Tepperberg, a family physician at Codman Square Health Center in Dorchester, one of the program sites. “The goal is to get them to increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables by one serving a day.” The effort may also help farmers’ markets compete with fast-food restaurants selling dollar value meals. Farmers’ markets do more than $1 billion in annual sales in the United States, according to the Agriculture Department. Massachusetts was one of the first states to promote these markets as hubs of preventive health. In the 1980s, for example, the state began issuing coupons for farmers’ markets to low-income women who were pregnant or breast-feeding or for young children at risk for malnutrition (营养不良). Thirty-six states now have such farmers’ market nutri tion programs aimed at women and young children. Thomas M. Menino, the mayor of Boston, said he believed the new children’s program, in which doctors write vegetable “prescriptions” to be filled at farmers’ markets, was the first of its kind. Doctors will track participants to determine how the program affects their eating patterns and to monitor health indicators like weight and body mass index, he said. “When I go to work in the morning, I see kids standing at the bus stop eating chips and drinking a soda,” Mr. Menino said in a phone interview earlier this week. “I hope this will help them change their eating habits and lead to a healthier lifestyle.” The mayor’s attention to healthy eating dates to his days as a city councilman. Most recently he has app ointed a well-known chef as a food policy director to promote local foods in public schools and to foster market gardens in the city. Although obesity is a complex problem unlikely to be solved just by eating more vegetables, supporters of the vegetable coupon program hope that physician intervention will spur young people to adopt the kind of behavioral changes that can help prevent lifelong obesity. Childhood obesity in the United States costs $14.1 billion annually in direct health expenses like prescription drugs and visits to doctors and emergency rooms, according to a recent article on the economics of childhood obesity published in the journal Health Affairs. Treating obesity-related illness in adults costs an estimated $147 billion annually, the article said. Although the vegetable prescription pilot project is small, its supporters see it as a model for encouraging obese children and their families to increase the volume and variety of fresh produce they eat. “Can we help people in low-income areas, who shop in the center of supermarkets for low-cost empty-calorie food, to shop at farmers’ markets by making fruit and vegetables more affordable?” said Gus Schumacher, the chairman of Wholesome Wave, a nonprofit gro up in Bridgeport, Conn., that supports family farmers and community access to locally grown produce. If the pilot project is successful, Mr. Schumacher said, “farmers’ markets would become like a fruit and vegetable pharmacy (药房) for at-risk families.” The pilot project plans to enroll up to 50 families of four at three health centers in Massachusetts that already have specialized children’s programs called healthy weight clinics. A foundation called CAVU, for Ceiling and Visibility Unlimited, sponsors the clinics that are administering the vegetable project. The Massachusetts Department of Agriculture and Wholesome Wave each contributed $10,000 in seed money. (Another arm of the program, at several health centers in Maine, is giving fresh produce coupons to pregnant mothers.) The program i s to run until the end of the farmers’ market season in late fall. One month after Leslie-Ann Ogiste, a certified nursing assistant in Boston, and her 9-year-old son, Makael Constance, received their first vegetable prescription coupons at the Codman Center, they have lost a combined four pounds, she said. A staff member at the center told Ms. Ogiste about a farmers’ market that is five minutes from her apartment, she said. “It worked wonders,” said Ms. Ogiste, who bought and prepared eggplant, cucumbers, tomatoes, summer squash, corn, bok choy, parsley, carrots and red onions. “Just the variety, it did help.” Ms. Ogiste said she had minced some vegetables and used them in soup, pasta sauce and rice dishes — the better to disguise the new good-for-you foods that she served her son. Makael said he did not mind. “It’s really good,” he said. Some nutrition researchers said that the Massachusetts project had a good chance of improving eating habits in the short term. But, they added, a vegetable prescription program in isolation may not have a long-term influence on reducing obesity. Families may revert to their former habits in the winter when the farmers’ markets are closed, these researchers said, or they may not be able to afford fresh pr oduce after the voucher program ends. Dr. Shikha Anand, the medical director of CAVU’s healthy weight initiative, said the group hoped to make the veggie prescript ion project a year-round program through partnerships with grocery stores. But people tend to overeat junk food in higher proportion than they undereat vegetables, said Dr. Deborah A. Cohen, a senior natural scientist at the RAND Corporation. So, unless people curtail (减少) excessive consumption of salty and sugary snacks, she said, behavioral changes like eating more fruit and vegetables will have limited effect on obesity.
四级考前模考试卷（一） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors. You should write at least 120words according to the outline given below. 1. 目前有不少大学请明星当客座教授 2. 对这一现象，人们看法不同 3. 我的看法…… Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and
大学英语四级考前阅读冲刺复习应做到三精读一略读 距离四级考试还有10天左右的时间，复习也进入了最后阶段，建议各位考生利用这最后的时间进一步提升考试能力,找到冲刺的感觉。 冲刺备考 一、模考。 尚未进行过模考的同学应该利用上午时段，严格按照考试时间进行1-3次模考。模考建议用06年6月四级改革以后的4套真题。由于目前还没有一套模拟题可以像真题一样更贴近真题难度，所以不建议用模拟题。大家一定要通过对真题的模考来检验自己的真实水平，并适应考试的强度。尽量避免出现在考场上大脑一片空白或是在听完听力以后感觉耗尽了精力没办法让自己在集中精神在阅读文章上的情况。新增加的两类题型快速阅读和选词填空到目前为止只考过4次，这4篇真题就是最好的复习依据。 二、新题型。 在四级改革后的4次考试中，快速阅读作为一种新题型，呈现出多样化的特点：有的有小标题，有的没有小标题;有的题型是判断+填空，有的是四选一+填空。在多样化的表象背后有一个共性：那就是快速阅读的考察目的，即考生在短时间内处理大量信息的能力。 这就要求考生必须掌握略读(skimming)和寻读(scanning)技巧。略读，就是只读文章的标题、首段、小标题，了解文章的主题和结构。寻读，就是根据题干的关键词在原文中定位。这里要提醒考生一点，在运用寻读技巧做题的时候，不要像做仔细阅读那样一次把所有题干都看完，建议看一题做一题，按照题目顺序在文章中找定位，这样又快又准确。 快速阅读的四选一题型的难度比仔细阅读低很多，关键是要找到原文的同义替换。判断题NG选项难度稍大，如无把握就判断为N。填空题如果有难度，可以做一个简单的减法:把原文中与题干相同的成分去掉，原文剩下的部分照抄就是答案。 新四级另一种新题型是选词填空。选词填空的难度比完形填空低，主要考察考生的词汇水平。所以对于15个备选单词，考生认识得越多得分就会越高。建议重点背已经考过的选项、完形填空中的选项、阅读文章中不认识的单词以及四级高频词汇。做题技巧是：先把备选单词按词性分类，然后根据空白前后的单词词性来判断该空白填什么词性的单词，最后根据上下句内容来选择正确的单词。 三、老题型的新特点。 新四级的仔细阅读增加了文章的长度和段落数量，题型向细节性方向发展。仔细阅读要求做到三精读一略读。一是精读文章首段和每段第一次出现的结论句，了解文章的主题和结构。二是精读关键词定位的地方，请注意，细节题题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较，
四级考前冲刺试题二 Care of Parents Also Means Taking Care of Finances Denise Egebrecht needed a break. It had been three years since her 86-year-old mother, Eleanor Schwartz, moved in with her and her husband in their home in Johnsburg, Ill. Mrs. Schwartz has Alz heimer’s disease (老年痴呆症) and has trouble moving around, so Mrs. Egebrecht helps her mother with her shower each day, makes sure she’s fed and takes her on small excursions (远足) to the mall in a portable wheelchair. The routine includes occasionally reminding her mother of what day it is and where she’s living. Mrs. Egebrecht does all this while also raising her 8-year-old daughter Jaqueline and juggling a full-time job. “My mom took care of me all of my life,” says Mrs. Egebrecht. “Of course I’m going to ta ke care of her now. She’ll live here as long as she’s able.” But money was an issue. For a time, Mrs. Egebrecht was out of work, having lost her job last year. Although her husband was still employed, without her salary she found it increasingly difficult to pay $180 a week for the adult day care center Mrs. Schwartz attends regularly. Then, through the Family Alliance office in her town, Mrs. Egebrecht heard about a $1,000 “respite care (临时看护)” grant sponsored by the Alzheimer’s Foundation of America (AFA). Intended to give primary caregivers the break they so often need, the grant money must be used to pay for temporary substitute care, said Carol Steinberg, executive vice president of the Alzheimer’s Foundation. Mrs. Egebrecht applied for and received the grant, which meant her mother could continue to go to the adult day care center and Mrs. Egebrecht had time to find another job, which she has. Mrs. Egebrecht is one of the growing numbers of Americans facing the financial squeeze that can come from caring for elderly parents. About 30 percent of adult children in the United States contribute financially to their parents’ care, according to the Pew Research Center. On average these children pay $2,400 a year on everything from uncovered medical expenses to making sure the refrigerator is stocked each week. The money often goes to parents who diligently saved all their lives, but in the face of longer life spans and chronic illness, the savings just isn’t enough. With all of the overwhelming emotional an d medical aspects of caring for elderly parents, it’s natural to ignore the consequences of spending large amounts of money on them. But so often adult children end up ignoring their own savings and retirement accounts or, worse, go into debt, because they’re taking care of their parents, says Tim Casserly, a lawyer in Albany who specializes in issues of elderly care. And if you jeopardize (损害) your own finances now, you risk putting your children in the same tough spot down the line. One way out of this bind? Take full advantage of the hundreds of government and nonprofit programs and services geared to the elderly throughout the country. “There’s lots of help out there, but also lots of reasons why families don’t use it,” said Mr. Casserly. Some people may think their parents have too much money to qualify even though many of the programs are available to elderly people with incomes of more than $100,000. Or the parents may be too proud to accept help. What’s more, these services can be difficult and time-consuming to find. And it can be a challenge to deal with the paperwork and red tape, especially when you’re already overwhelmed by the daily demands of taking care of an older parent. To help make the search for help easier, here is expert advice and several resources that will help you find what you need to take care of your aging parents. THE FIRST STEP Have the hard talk. “So often I see clients who are in the middle of this situation but know very little about their parents’ finances,” said Henni F isher, a Brooklyn clinical social worker who specializes in geriatrics (老人病学). Your parents may be unwilling or unable to give details. Or you may be uncomfortable bringing up the subject. “It isn’t easy making the transition from the one being cared for to the one giving the care,” said Ms. Fisher. But you can’t put the conversation off any longer. Reassure your parents that you’re not trying to take control away from them. You’re simply trying to make sure that they have everything they need and that you understand everything they want.
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/af2005807.html,/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth ) (25 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not_ use__any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated 47 ? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afr aid to ask someone for a date? Many people are afraid to assert (表现) themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks it’s because their self-respect is low. "Our whole 48 is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There’s always ’49 ’aroundT--a parent, a teacher, a boss--who ’knows better’. These superiors often gain when they chip (削弱) away at your self-image." But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people 50 themselves. They 51 "assertiveness training" courses--AT for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more 52 without hurting other people. In one way, learning to speak out is to 53 fear. A group taking a course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger 54 --the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to 55 your own good sense. You go by the other person’s 56 . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and marie the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. When the Earth shook here on March 26th, 2000, it helped geologists to figure out how the Earth around Seattle would shake during the real thing less than a year later. When Seattle’s Kingdome was demolished with explosives, more than 200