中国地质大学博士入学英语考试
改错题
I. 考点总览
1.名词单复数
2003 4. Please let me express my gratitude for all your help.
2003 6. maintenance of our equipment.
2004. 4 According to the information from the survey
2008. 7 The main experiment is actually a series of complex lab processes.
2.冠词
2002. 3. It’s not always wise to give an honest answer.
2004. 3 Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland but only the fourth or fifth largest in the United Kingdom.
2008. 1 I have an urgent matter
2008 3 At the end of May I am to accompany minister of agriculture to an FAQ conference in Rome.
3.名词所有格，名词前用的形容词的排序
2002. 4 A famous Chinese scientist
2005. 13 three leading Chinese geologists
4.名词和数词构成的复合结合
2003 6 The inspectors identified a number of problems in our laboratory.
2009. 14 three-hour exam, two-hour long interviews
5.虚拟语气
2003. Part 3 3. the geologist should have made better preparations for their expedition.
2003 8 If I were in your position, I would talk privately to employees in the new firm.
2004. 13 It is high time she found a better job.
2009. 7 I wish that I could attend the drilling technology conference in Edinburgh.
2007. 17 Had Li San not neglected his English while he was an undergraduate, he would have better job prospect today.
6.比较级
2003 6.Among the most…
2003 16 Still, the more electricity we use, the higher our bill will be.
2009. 11 They will be compared with those in similar towns in other provinces.
7.不带to的不定式
2007. 4 My brother made me help him repair his car over the weekend.
2007. 11 The massive traffic jam he got caught in on his way to the airport made him miss the
plane.
2008. 15
8.限定性和非限定性定语从句
2002．10 After return to China, he threw himself into his work with fresh enthusiasm and quickly produced a series of excellent papers, two of which were published in major science journals. 2004. 20 He has five cars, three of which he scarcely ever use.
2005. 11 In part because of increased demand from China and India, both of which have rapidly growing economies, the prices of oil, iron, and other key resources have almost doubled.
2009. 3 I know that you are busy with your research, but I nevertheless hope that you would edit the English in the scientific paper, the publication of which may have a considerable impact on my career.
2009. 11 We are conducting a long-term study of employment trends in towns in southern Heibei, which are located on railways.
9.分词作定语
2002. 6 The students are rather stimulated.
2003 14. Jane says she is bored.
2004. 10 He is so opposed to the idea.
10.情态动词
2002. 12 Shall 用于第一人称，表示将来
2004 11 Tomorrow is a day off for me, so I needn’t get up early.
2007. 5 He would often see four or five films a week.
11.辨析词汇用法
2007. 9 My house in Shenzhen is quite large and comfortable.
词汇辨析：family 家庭成员；house房子，房屋；home 家（抽象概念）
12.国家，国家的人
2002. 7 In fact the tendency might be more marked among Japanese.
2003. 1 I will be going to the Unite States.
2003 5 Despite the popularity of coffee in the West, not all Europ eans and North Ameri cans drink it.
2005. 18 the Chinese government
2007. 7 Some of the countries inside the EU have open orders for travelers arriving from other EU country.
2007. 12 Next month I am supposed to accompany a delegation to Germany.
2009. 2 Our research group has been seeking a suitable academic partner in the US.
13.次数，倍数
2003 2 I visited Beijing3 times.
2009 1. Professor Korsakov and I had visited our main field site five times.
200311 Since you have come to China for the first time. 生平第一次
14.句子的连接：
2002. 20 Even though John still can’t drive, he has already bought a car.
2003 7 The university is launching a campaign to reduce noise in the areas around dormitories, as many students complain that they cannot sleep at night.
2003 9 He refuses to enter the water even though the sea is perfectly calm and there are no water. 2005．12 I stepped up to the inspection window, and then I showed the customs official my ticket. 2006 18 even
2006 20 therefore
2007. 13 Last year the government announced a large increase in the amount of money for scientific research. Therefore it should be relatively easy for us to get funding for our next project.
2008. 8 Wang Tao’s friends all thought he was out of his mind for falling in love with her, for he had never actually met his Japanese friend.
15.be of + n. = adj.
2003. 17 Be of + n. be of assistance 帮得上忙；be of importance 重要；be of significance 有重大意义；
2009. 6 Today I help one of them to find a new battery for his digital camera, which is of quite unusual design.
16.地理方位
2002. 8 in northern China
2004. 19 to the south west of Shanghai
2006. 5 living north of the Yellow River 在黄河以北居住
2006 14 in the southern part of the province
II. 答案总汇：
2000: ADABC BBACB BADBD ACDAB
2001: CBABA DEBCD BBBBC CBDBD
2002: DCBAE DDBEA DCCDA ADECA
2003: CAECA DCACA CEEAC CABEA
2004: AACAB BBDBC BEBCB AEAAD
2005: DCABC CDEAB BAACB EACDD
2006: ABACE CCEDD ABADD DCBCB
2007: BDCAE BDAAB CCCAD BEDBD
2008: ADAAB CCDBE DCBCA
2009: CBCDD DACAE BEBAA
III. 高频考点：
国家：
不定冠词
An------An honest answer; an MBA title; an urgent matter; an unusual phenomenon；an X-ray
A------- A UN project, a usual phenomenon, a university
读音中元音开头的词或字母用an
读音时以辅音开头的词或字母用a
定冠词
The United States, the United Kingdom; the Yellow River; president of the EU
Most of the … ; All of the ….; with the title of …；part of the
不带the的名词
China daily中国日报; Mount Everest喜马拉雅峰, North Korea北韩, North America 北美；East Asia东亚，Yangzi River 长江；
常见复数名词：
Facilities n. 设施设备；utilities 公共设施，公用事业；
常见不可数名词：
Help----- much help , equipment 设备, trouble麻烦，问题；evidence 证据，根据;
advice n. 建议，忠告，a piece of advice; furniture n 家具；progress 进步，进展
，knowledge 知识；information 信息；luck 幸运；
集合名词：staff全体职员；people, population, police
数量词：
A lot of + 可数/不可数
A plenty of + 可数/不可数
a number of 大量的，许多的+（可数名词）
a great/good deal of；an amount of + 不可数名词
a series of 一系列的+ 可数名词复数
dozens of 许多的+可数名词复数
an array of 一群，一排，一批
a certain 某一个+名词单数
a batch of 一批，一炉（面包等）
数词-名词用连字符相连时，名词用单数
Two-hour lecture; three-year old child
常见特殊动词过去式
Pass ---- passe d√ v. 经过pas t×adj. 过去Fly--- flew
Blow----blew
Teach----taught；catch -----caught
表示时间的表达法
Over the holiday 在假期里；
for quite a while 持续了一段时间；
ever since 从那时刻到现在;
a day off 休一天假;
by two o’clock 截止两点钟
in the late 1980s二十世纪八十年代后期
in the early 1970s 二十世纪七十年代早期
in early 2006 2006年早些时候
for a year and a half 一年半
since the early 1990s自从二十世纪九十年代起
over the years 这些年来
in the latter half of the twentieth centure 在二十世纪后半叶late last year 去年晚些时候
in May of 2001 2001年五月时
at times 有时= occasionally; on occasion
地点方位的表达
To the southwest of Shanghai 在上海西南边，且不接壤
On the southwest of Shanghai 在上海西南边，但接壤
In the southwest of Shanghai 在上海西南，是上海的一部分
An expedition to northwest Tibet去西藏西北部做野外工作
North China; south Beijing; west Shanghai area
Living north of 在。。。的南边居住Living north of the Yellow River
In the south ern part of the province 在这个省的南部
Subway is under construction in the southern part of Beijing/ south Beijing.
表示数量，次数
Do sth. … time s.做过几次。。。
Do sth. for the …time.生平第。。。次做。。
2004 2 I visited Beijing 3 time s.
2009 1. Professor Korsakov and I had visited our main field site five time s.
200411 Since you have come to China for the first time. 生平第一次
2006 1 I’ve been to the airport here dozens of times.
不带to的不定式
You should /would better do sth. 命令，指示某人做某事
make sb. do sth. （命令，迫使，驱使）让某人做某事；
let sb. do sth. (容忍，忍耐)
分词作形容词/状语
- 被形容的词与动词之间的关系是主动的用-ing; 被动的用-ed
E.g.：An interesting book------------- I am interested (in the book.)
- 状语跟随的主语与动词的关系是主动发出动作用-ing；是动词发出动作的接受者用-ed E.g. : I know the man sitting next to Jack.
I’ve read his article published in the Science journal.
Bore: boring, bored 2003.14
Interest: interesting, interested 2002. 4
Stimulate: stimulating, stimulated 2002. 6，2005. 13
副词表示因果，转承关系但不能连接句子
Therefore , however, nevertheless, otherwise, then, no doubt 都是adv.表示转承关系
，但不能连接句子。
Once, as … as … , as long as 是连词，可以引导句子
虚拟语气
1）概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，
不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2）在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
1 真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型：条件从句主句
一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
2 非真实条件句
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句主句
一般过去时should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句主句
过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made
greater progress.
含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make
greater progress.
c.表示对将来的假想
句型：条件从句主句
一般过去时should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
3 混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
4 虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do., 而不能说Weren't I to do.
5 特殊的虚拟语气词：should
1）It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的
谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
句型：
(1)suggested
It is(2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted
；+ (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity, a shame,no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判断改错:
（错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(对)I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
6 wish的用法
1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：
真实状况wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时
（be的过去式为were）
从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时
（had + 过去分词）
将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could +
动词原形
I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）Wish to do表达法。
Wish sb / sth to do
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.
I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
7 比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。
If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。
8 It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
9 need "不必做"和"本不该做"
didn't need to do表示：过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.
needn't have done表示：过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need
to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't
have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)
典型例题
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried
B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，
而时实际上不必要。Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生
的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。
must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。
定语从句
句子结构：
主谓/系动词+（宾/表语）
名词动词或者be和feel, get等名词，形容词，分词
名词词组动词词组名词，形容词词组
相当于名词的句子修饰动词的部分：adv 相当于以上成分的句子
修饰主语的形容词修饰动词的从句（状语从句）修饰宾语的从句修饰主语的从句（定语从句）定语从句或者补语从句）
Student will pass the exam.
Whoever come to this class will pass the exam.
Student will pass whatever kind of exam.
Student whose performance is good = good student
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，
其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,
这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。注意：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2002．10 After return to China, he threw himself into his work with fresh
enthusiasm and quickly produced a series of excellent papers,
two of which were published in major science journals.
2004. 20 He has five cars, three of which he scarcely ever use.
2009. 3 I know that you are busy with your research, but I nevertheless
hope that you would edit the English in the scientific paper,
the publication of which may have a considerable impact on my career.
2009. 11 We are conducting a long-term study of employment trends
in towns in southern Heibei, which are located on railways.
高频出现词汇：
Schedule v. 按计划，按时间表做。。。do sth. as scheduled
N. 时间表，时刻表2002. 5
Be reluctant to do sth. 2002. 6；2004 17
Turn out to be 被证明，结果是2004. 2
Die v. 死亡；表示动作-----------dead adv. 表示状态
No doubt 毫无疑问2006. 17
Return from A 从A地回来；return to A 从某地回到A地；return back×2005. 2 Change A 换掉A；change to A 把其他东西换成A 2005. 12 Accompany sb. to sp. 陪某人去某地
Get/be used to do sth. 习惯于做。。。；used to do sth. 过去常常做。。。; would 过去曾经。。。
E.g.: I am used to get up late. 我习惯晚起。
I used to get up late, but now I got work to do and have to get up at
6:00. 我过去常常晚起，但现在有工作要做，不得不6点起床。
I would get up rather late when I was in college.
我在大学的时候起的比较晚。
Ever 曾经用于疑问句或否定句
2003 7 ever 曾经：Have you ever been to China? √
I have scarcely ever been to china. √
2005 10 I have ever traveled to 18 provinces of China ×
2006 13 I have ever read 12 major articles. ×
2007. 16 My surname is a very common one in North China, and I have ever been in a class.×2008. 5 So far I have ever made three trips to Latin America on business. ×
NEED
V．表示需要
The clothes need washing.衣服需要洗了。
The dog needs to be taken out every day. 每天都要遛狗。
I need you to help me. 我需要你帮我忙。
I don’t need to go to school anymore. 我不用再去上学了。
V. 情态动词，表示需要，只用于否定句或疑问句：
E.g.：Need I go there? You needn’t finish that today.
Need have done (仍然只用于否定句和疑问句) 虚拟语气，表示本不需要做某事，但实际做了E.g.: You needn’t have hurried. 你当时其实不需要那么匆忙。
Need they have sold the farm? 他们当时非得卖了农场不可么？
HOPE
v. ~for sth. 希望，期待I am hoping a letter from him. 我希望他能给我寄封信。
～that从句表示与过去、现在或将来相关的希望
E.g.: I hope you weren’t late.--------------过去
I hope you are ready. -----------------现在
I hope we will be very happy--------将来
Hope to do sth. 希望
E.g.: She hopes to get a job overseas. 她希望找个海外的工作（她有强烈的意愿并极有可能成功。）2002. 1 ; 2002 15, 2006 17,
Wish
~ that: 表达的是过去、现在、将来发生的令人遗憾的事情，需要用虚拟语气
E.g.: I wish I hadn’t gone to that party. 我希望我没去那个聚会（其实我去了）。
I wish I could speak Chinese. 我要是会说中文就好了（其实我不会）。
I wish I was going on holiday next month. 我要是下个月去度假多好啊（其实我去不了）Wish to do sth. 希望做某事，更为郑重的说法
She wish to get a job oversea. 她希望找个海外的工作。（她很郑重的表达了她的意愿。）
跟学校学习相关词汇：
Thesis n. 论题，论文；advance a thesis in one’s article
在某人的文章中提出一个论题；questionnaire 调查问卷；
on the campus, off the campus在校园里，不再校园里；
campus clinic 校医院；transfer to another university 转校；
Make much progress 有很大进步；doctorate n. 博士头衔；
panel discussion 小组讨论；clinic n. 诊所; infirmary n. 医务室；
sizable clinic 相当大的门诊; attend a meeting/conference 参加会议
跟地质学相关词汇
Geology地质学, Geologist地质学家, expedition野外探险,
fieldwork野外工作, field site,
the drilling technology conference钻探技术会议；
research schedule研究进度；major science journals重要的科学杂志; environmental studies 环境研究；igneous adj. 火山岩的，metamorphic adj. 变质的，改变结构的，
sedimentary adj. 沉积性的；terrain n. 地形；
geochemistry n. 地球化学；fossil n. 化石; rock sample 岩石样本；
dig for 挖掘；natural resource 自然资源；spread of desert 沙漠扩张；geographer 地理学家；Earth’s climate地球气候；desertification 沙漠化；oil deposit 石油沉积；mountain range 山脉
阅读部分
I. 答案
2000：CDACD；DDDCA
2001：CDBBC；DACCA
2002：BCCAC; CBADD
2003：CCABC；DCDAB
2004：CDCBA；DABAD
2005：DABCD; DCCBB
2006：CDACA；DBBBD
2007：CDADA; ACBCA
2008：BBDAB; ABADB
2009：DBBCA; DBADB
II. 题型：
1.概括题
2002. 3,4,6; 2003 2,5,10; 2004 5; 2005 3, 5,7; 2006 7,8,9,10; 2008 1,3,5; 2009 1,6
2.推断题
2002．3，4，6；2003. 2，5，10；2004. 5; 2005. 3, 5, 7; 2006. 7, 8, 9, 10; 2007. 1,2, 3, 5, 6, 8; 2008. 2, 4, 6, 7; 2009. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10
3.细节题
2002. 5, 7, 8, 9; 2003. 3, 4, 6; 2004. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10; 2005.1, 2, 4, 8, 10; 2006. 1, 2, 3, 6; 2007. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8; 2008. 2, 4, 6, 7; 2009. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10
4.词汇题
2002. 3; 2004. 6, 9; 2005. 6, 9; 2006. 4, 5; 2007. 4, 7; 2008. 8, 9, 10; 2009. 6, 9
5.观点题
2002 1; 2007. 9, 10
注意问题:
1.文章题材：主要以科技性科普文章为主，涉及内容包括：考古，天文，城市发展，城市
发展，商业，医学发展，趣闻，汽车发展等。其中涉及中国问题的文章较容易出现。
2.生词不必仔细看完，给生词编号，然后边看题，边回去找生词
3.题目顺序和文章内容顺序不完全吻合
4.结合上下文理解词汇题
5.注意定位题目在文章中的问题，然后通过句法分析的方法弄清句子的真正意味
北京大学考博英语模拟题14 Part ⅠVocabulary 1. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.long B.forever https://www.doczj.com/doc/b06024689.html,sting D.lively 答案：C [解答] 本题空格处是说留下持久的印记。long的意思是“长期的”；forever的意思是“永远”；lasting的意思是“持久的”；lively的意思是“活泼的，逼真的”。四个选项中只有C项符合题意。 2. The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A.by accident B.on average C.on occasion D.at random 答案：D by accident偶然的。on average平均的。on occasion有时。at random随意的。 3. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A.a sharp set-back B.severe set-back C.a severe blown-up D.sharp blown-up
中国地质大学考博英语真题部分解析 34.A解析：例证题。题目“Toyota Motor是一个_______的例子”。定位到末段，末段主要提到热情的消费者可能会号召其他人抵制某个产品，威胁到产品所属公司的名声，这时公司的回应有可能不够迅速、周到。这是本段的核心信息。接下来就拿Toyota Motor举例，举例中提到这个公司在公司名声遇到如上提到的危机情况时作出的反应，且成功减轻了危害程度。由此可知，例子是对本段中心句的一个反面例子论证公司对hijacked media 的反应。故选项[A](有效地回应被劫持利用的媒体)为正确答案。 干扰项：[B]persuading customers into boycotting products(劝说消费者抵制产品)，文中末段第一句提到了消费者可能会劝说其他人抵制某些产品，故为张冠李戴。[C]cooperating with supportive consumers(与支持自己的消费者合作)，在例子中提到Toyota Motor公司缓解危机的方式是与消费者直接沟通，这首先属于例子内的信息，不符合例证题的解题思路，其次沟通交流不等于合作，故排除。[D]taking advantage of hijacked media(利用被劫持的媒体)，文中是消除被劫持媒体带来的危害，而非去利用被劫持的媒体，故排除。 （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 35.A解析：主旨题。题目“这篇文化在那个主要讲述的是______”。本文首段第三句就提出文章中心“companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media”，即虽然传统收费媒体仍在发挥重大作用，但是现今的公司可以去选择其他媒体形式。后文主要是介绍其他可选择的媒体形式，并对其作出评论。故选项[A]Alternatives to conventional paid media(与传统收费媒体对应的其他媒体形式)为正确答案。 干扰项：[B]Conflict between hijacked and earned media(被劫持媒体和免费媒体之间的冲突)[C]Dominance of hijacked media(被劫持媒
考博英语语法总结 过去分词与形容词的语义差： 1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things the destructive power of modern weapons Damaged：being in a bad state emotionally damaged children 2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. Respectful：feeling or showing respect They listened in respectful silence. 3. Preferred ：Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Preferable： A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. Preferential：Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 5.Loving：She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. Lovable： a sweet lovable child Lovely：We had a lovely holiday. 6. Tolerated：While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.
Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、
2018年地大（北京）英语考博翻译试题 Social impacts of technology Although affordances and constraints of technological products are not objective features of them, they can be correlated with objective material features in them. For example, the physical constitution of speed bumps physically prevents cars from speeding without damage to the car or major inconvenience. The physical procedure of fertilization in IVF affords pregnancies without prior physical intercourse. In a particular context of use, these physical features translate into new social realities (new behaviors, new social arrangements, new perceptions and beliefs) that can be identified as impacts of a technological product. Social impacts of technology can be identified at different levels of social analysis, including the micro-level of individuals and their interactions, the meso-level of groups and organizations and their interactions, and the macro-level of social structures, cultural systems and social institutions and their dynamics. For the study of the role of technology in a good society, which is an issue that plays out at the macro-level, macro-level impacts of technology are obviously the most important to consider. However, micro- and meso-level impacts may also need to be considered in order to properly identify and understand macro-level impacts. At the micro-level, technological products may influence their immediate context of use in at least three ways. First, they may affect the behavior of users and the social roles and relations that users build in relation to others. For example, the possession of an automobile may influence where people live and what places they visit, and may also signal social status and identity. Second, technological products will not fit every user profile equally well, meaning that some users will not be able to use them well, or not at all, because they lack the required physical characteristics, knowledge, skills, interests, or access to resources. As a consequence, the introduction of a new technological product will affect potential users in different ways, benefiting some while excluding or marginalizing others. Third, technological products often require the presence of material and social contextual background conditions for them to function well. For example, for automobiles to function well as vehicles for transportation, there must be material and social infrastructure present, such as roads, traffic lights, police, ambulance services, and so forth. The introduction of new technological products will therefore often stimulate the creation of appropriate background conditions for them to function well. This is also a way in which technological products have social impacts. These three types of affordances and constraints, concerning influence on behavior and social roles, selection of user profiles, and selection of material and social background conditions, also play out at the meso-level of groups and organizations.
2015天津大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、天津大学考博英语题型 Part1:听力理解，一段对话，10小题，10分； Part2：选词填空，15个词汇中选10个，10分； Part3：阅读理解40分 A：3篇（每篇600词左右），15题30分； B：1篇，5段空白，从7~8段文字中选择5段合适的段落，5题10分；Part4：翻译，600词左右的英语篇章（内容偏重科技），然后将有下划线的6-8个部分翻译成汉语，20分； Part5：写作，要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或表格等，写出一篇说明或议论型短文；或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。不少于200词，共20分。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导
师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。 总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。 初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。 五、听力答题技巧 1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。电话：四零零六六八六九七八。扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。 2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。这样会引起头脑的混乱。 3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。人的大脑有时候会混淆的。因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。 (1)提炼选项中的重要信息 考生务必先看选项。当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。 (2)掌握节奏合理安排时间 可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
北京大学考博英语真题常见句子翻译方法近期很多考生问关于条件状语从句的分析和翻译问题，在此，育明考博老师结合同学提出的两个典型问题为大家分析条件状语从句，并给出相应的参考译文。 一、问题：请分析并翻译：If you are part of the group which you are addressing,you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. 解析：很多考生看到这样一句从横三、四行的长句会心生畏惧，对自己没有信心，自然也就无法理清这句中的各种枝节。拿到这样的一个句子，最主要的仍然是先把主干找到，然后再看其他部分和主干的关系。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 句子主干：you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties 主干是由两个并列的分句组成的，第一个分句是you will be in a position to know the experiences主系表结构，第二个分句是it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties形式主语+系表结构+不定式作真正的主语。
C H I N A U N I V E R S I T Y O F G E O S C I E N C E S PhD Entrance Examination in English 21April 2003 LISTEN TO THIS! Good morning! You are about to take the English test for people who wish to enter the doctoral program in the earth sciences at this school. The test may be rather different from any exam you’ve taken in the past. The first part is a timed listening exercise. The other four sections test your knowledge of grammar, elementary writing skills and basic vocabulary, plus your reading ability. You can have as much time as you like for the last four parts of the test—within reason, of course. The test has five sections, worth a total of 130 points in all; the answers in part 5, the reading test, are worth three points each. The answers for parts 1,2,3 and 5 (in other words, every part except 4) should be marked on your answer sheet. The answers for part 4 should be written directly on this test paper. Make sure you READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS for each part of the test! The results of this exam will enable us to compare your preparation in English with that of the other candidates. The “passing” grade is relative; in other words, it will depend on the scores for the whole body of test-takers. You should just relax and do as well as you can. We shall now begin. Turn the page to part 1. Good luck!
考博英语词汇语法题考前恶补、 全真模拟试题 1. Although ______ Spanish, he attended the course. A. he was knowing B. he is knowing C. having a knowledge of D. knows 2. You ______th at letter to James. However, you didn’t. A. ought to write B. ought to have written C. should write D. should be writing 3. Joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room. A. to escape B. to have escaped C. to escaping D. to be escaping 4. Bread and butter ______liked by Westerners. A. is B. are C. were D. be 5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______very pleasant to sit on in summer. A. which is B. which it is C. it is D. where it is 6. He set up in business ______ his own and was very successful. A. in B. of C. on D. by 7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______last night. A. must study B. should have studied C. must have studied D. is sure to study 8. Frank almost never received any education, ______? A. would he B. did he C. didn’t he D. wouldn’t he 9. Even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______too late to do anything. A. will arrive...is B. should arrive...were C. arrives...will be D. arrives...would be 10. We can hear ______from the back of the room. A. just as good B. just as easy C. just as well D. easily as well 11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______of paint on a clean surface. A. coats B. levels C. times D. courses 12. The small mountain village was ______ by the snow for more than one month. A. cut back B. cut out C. cut off D. cut away 13. Miss Green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking. A. fined B. charged C. punished D. posed 14. Modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves. A. technique B. technology C. tactics D. tendency 15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ______ when she was trying to go to sleep. A. sounding B. ringing C. ticking D. humming 16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid. A. intensive B. weighty C. intense D. bulky 17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ______of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living. A. maximum B. minority C. majority D. minimum 18. Nancy was surprised that they have ______. They seemed to be a happy couple. A. split up B. broken down C. fallen through D. knocked out
北京科技大学考博英语必备语法知识点英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，其中有一些(如下文中 的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12)等，见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在 于：英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常用的 英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下： 倍数增加 (一)A is n times as great(long，much，…)as B.(①). A is n times greater(longer，more，…)than B.(②). A is n times the size(length，amount，…)of B.(③). 以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度，数量，……)是B的n倍[或A比B 大(长，多，……)n-1倍]. Eg.This book is three times as long as(three times longer than， threetimes the length of)that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than(as，of)B常被省去。 (二)increase to n times(④). increase n times/n-fold(⑤). increase by n times(⑥). increase by a factor of n(⑦). 以上四式均应译为：增加到n倍(或：增加n-1倍)。 （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Eg.The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three timesas compared with last year. 集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。 Eg.The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times
北京大学考博英语历年试题综合分析 导言：考博英语真题的重要性 全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的考博英语历年真 题分析则显得尤为重要。华慧考博英语教研中心在历时8年的教学研究的过程中，总 结国内50多所重点院校的考博英语试题的出题特点与规律，认为考生精研各院校的历年试题对考出良好的成绩有非常大的帮助。 考博英语试题的独特性 众所周知，英语类的考试，如高考、大学英语四六级、专业四八级考试、研究生 入学考试等均由统一的命题组人员统一命制试题，命题组阵容强大，且耗费的人力、物力也不在少数，其题目基本是原创题目。而考博英语却并非这样，因此，考博英 语有其自身的独特性，考博英语的独特性主要表现在其命题方式与题目来源两方面。 首先，从命题方式来看，博士考试中，要求考生达到英语的最低分数线，这一要 求就注定了各大考博院校的英语试题的命题方式，各大考博院校不会花费大量的人力、物力及时间原创一套考博英语试题。并且各大院校为了保证其试题的准确性，一般会 选择已经考过的各类相关难度的试题，这样就可以避免出现大量的因个人学术水平方 面而引起的错误和争议。 其次，从题目来源看，各大院校的考博英语试题基本来自专四、专八、六级、杂 志文章或其它考博院校的原题，极少出现原创题目。因其题目来源的独特性，我们研 究各大院校的考博英语试题就显得非常有必要且益处极大。如果考生在考前了解了这 一情况，且充分重视这个规律，那么获得考博英语高分不是什么难事。所以考生考前 精研考博英语真题是非常有必要的。
考博英语试题的作用 考博英语试题的作用主要有三个，即指导、规划与调控作用。 指导作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，考生可以了解该院校的题目类型、题目来源、 题目难度等，指导考生在较短的时间内找到正确的复习方法，获得自己满意的成绩。 规划作用。考生在宏观把握所报考院校的英语试题的出题规律后，结合自身的英语情况，对自己的英语备考做出一个正确且切合实际的复习规划。 调控作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，以所报考院校的英语真题为标杆，随时监控与调节自己的复习计划，使自己的复习计划在最短的时间内获得满意的成绩。 由此可知，研究真题对于考生在较短时间内提升成绩是有很大帮助的。因此，华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学历年的考博真题进行了细致且深入的研究，将北京大学考博英语的出题特点、题目类型等进行了详细论述，对下一年度的考博英语命题趋势进行了预测，并提出了针对北京大学考博英语的备考方法，让考生的复习备考更加具有针对性，让考生少走弯路，快速提高考试成绩。 以下是华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学考博英语历年试题详细分析。 一、北京大学考博英语试题的考核要求 北京大学博士研究生非英语专业入学考试是学校为招收博士研究生而设置的选拔性考试。教育部颁布的《硕士、博士研究生英语教学大纲》规定：“博士生入学其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”。根据这一规定，并结合历年招收博士研究生的具体情况，我校博士生入学英语考试既考查考生的语言知识，又注重测试考生的语言应用能力。
考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（7） 虚拟语气归纳和练习 虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为： would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转