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英语疑问句基本用法与结构

英语疑问句基本用法与结构
英语疑问句基本用法与结构

基本用法与结构

反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成,第一部分提出一种看法,第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致,而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反,即陈述部分为肯定式时,疑问部分用否定式,陈述部分为否定式时,疑问部分用肯定式:

He likes English, doesn’t he? 他喜欢英语,是吗?

He doesn’t like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语,是吗?

【注】1. 若陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, few, nothing等否定词或半否定词,其疑问部分要用肯定式:

He has few friends here, has he? 他在这儿几乎没什么朋友,是吗?

She said nothing, did she? 她什么也没说,是不是?

2. 若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词,疑问部分仍用否定式:

It is unfair, isn’t it? 这不公平,不是吗?

It is impossible, isn’t it? 那是不可能的,是吗?

二、反意疑问句的主语问题

1. 基本原则:疑问部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致,且只能是代词:

误:Mary is a nurse, isn’t Mary?

正:Mary is a nurse, isn’t she? 玛丽是护士,对吗?

2. 当陈述部分为为there be句型时,疑问部分仍用there作“主语”

There was nothing in the room, was there? 房间里什么也没有,是吗?

3. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时,疑问部分用it, they等代词:

That is a new car, isn’t it? 这是一辆新汽车,是吗?

4. 当陈述部分的主语是复合不定代词时,若陈述部分的主语为somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody等复合不定代词,其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用they:

Nobody was late, were they? 没有一个人迟到,是吗?

当陈述部分的主语是something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语要用it:

Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了吗?

Nothing is important, is it? 没有什么重要的,不是吗?

三、陈述部分有动词have的反意疑问句

1. 当have 为助动词时,其反意疑问句沿用同样的助动词:

He has already left, hasn’t he? 他已经离开了,是吗?

2. 当have 为实意动词时,要分两种情况:

①若表示“所有”,反意疑问句可以用have,也可以用do:

He has a lot of friends here, hasn’t [doesn’t] he? 他在这儿有许多朋友,是吗?

但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式,反意疑问句用have 还是用do,取决于陈述部分的动词形式:

He hasn’t any money, has he? 他没有钱,是吗?

He doesn’t have any money, does he? 他没有钱,是吗?

②若表示“吃”、“玩”等意思,反意疑问句要用do:

He has supper at 5, doesn’t he? 他5点吃晚餐,是吗?

He had a good time at the party, didn’t he? 他在晚会上玩得很开心,是吗?

3. 当用于have to时,通常也有两种可能:若表示经常性的行为,则多用加助动词do的形;若表示特定的行为,则多用have:He often has to get up early, doesn’t he? 他经常要早起,是吗?

He has to go to bed late tonight, hasn’t he? 他今晚要迟睡,是吗?

四、含情态动词的反意疑问句

1. 基本原则:在通常情况下,当陈述部分含有情态动词时,疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词:

He can speak English, can’t he?他会说英语,是吗?

We shouldn’t go, should we? 我们不应该去,对不对?

2. 当陈述部分含有must时,要分两种情况:

①若must表示“必须”或“有必要”,疑问部分用mustn’t 或needn’t:

You must leave at once, mustn’t [needn’t] you? 你必须(有必要)马上离开,是吗?

但是若陈述部分有mustn’t表示禁止,疑问部分要must:

You mustn’t laugh, must you? 你不准笑,知道吗?

②若must表示推测,疑问部分不能用must,而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式:

He must be tired, isn’t he? 他一定累了,是吗?

五、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句

1. 基本原则:若陈述部分为祈使句,疑问部分通常用will you:

Please help us, will you? 请帮帮我们,好吗?

Come with us, will you? 同我们一起去,好吗?

Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。

2. 当祈使句为Let’s…时,疑问部分总是用shall we:

Let’s go there together, shall we? 我们一起去,好吗?

Let’s sit under the tree, shall we? 咱们就坐这树下吧,好不好?

3. 当祈使句为Let us…时,若表示请求,疑问部分用will you,若表示建议,疑问部分用shall we:Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们,好吗?

Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?

六、陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句

1. 当陈述部分为主从复合句时,疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致:

He said that he didn’t like it, didn’t he? 他说他不喜欢它,是不是?

He knows where I live, doesn’t he? 他知道我住什么地方,是不是?

2. 当陈述部分为I think (believe, suppose) that...等时,疑问部分通常与从句保持一致(注意否定的转移):

I think that it is too short, isn’t it? 我认为它太短了,对不对(它太短吗)?

I don’t think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗(他会来吗)?

【注】这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think等动词为一般现在时的情形。

七、几种特殊情况的反意疑问句

1. 当陈述部分是I’m…时,疑问部分通常用aren’t I:

I’m wrong, aren’t I? 我错了,是吗?

I’m older than you, aren’t I? 我年纪比你大,对不对?

2. 当陈述部分是I wish…时,疑问部分通常用may I:

I wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他们一起去,可以吗?

3. 当陈述部分有had better时,疑问部分用had:

He’d better leave here, hadn’t he? 他最好离开这儿,是吗?

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