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欧洲文化入门Exercise3 1．第1题 Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___. A.a scandal B.a luck C.incredible D.unfortunate 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 It was ____who unified England for the first time. A.King Edward and his successors B.King Arthur and his successors C. King William and his successors D.King Alfred and his successors 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__. A.the kingdom of God B.the human persons C.the Holy Spirit D.God 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0
4．第4题 The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___. A.12 is a lucky number B.they were the only apostles Jesus had C.they were the only apostles Jesus could select D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 5．第5题 Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universe to_____ . A.Pandora B.Zeus C.Chaos D.Cronus 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 6．第6题 Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology? A.They represented a kind of bridge between gods and mortals B.They never die C.They got gods' favor D.They had some defect to balance out their power 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 7．第7题
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级 Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each) 1. ———— was the founder of scientific mathematics. A. Pythagoras B. Democritus C. Aristotle D. Diogenes 2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by Dante A. Plato B. Socrates C. Aristotle D. Cicero 3.
________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay. A. Thucydides B. Herodotus C. Socrates D. Aristotle 4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ . A. Moses B. Joshua C. Saul D. David 5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal A. Domitian B. Valerian C. Constantine D. Theodosius 6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ . A. wanderers B. travelers C. traders D. merchants 7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central Asia. A. Turkish B. Huns
二ＯＯ一年下半年北京市高等教育自学考试 欧洲文化入门试卷 I. Multiple Choice (40%) 1. ＿＿believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval. A. Sophists B. Cynics C. Skeptics D. Epicureans 2. ___ is said to have told the king of Syrac use: “give me a place to stand,and I will move the world”. A. Archimedes B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Euclid 3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northern tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in___. A. 395 B. 27 C. 1453 D. 476 4. The city of god was written by___, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought. A. Jesus B. Augustine C. Thomas Aquinas D. Martin Luther 5. ____ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist - a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word. A. Michelangelo B. Raphael C. Shakespeare D. da Vinci 6. In ____, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry. A. Don Quixote B. Hamlet C. Leviathan D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 7. The best - known book written by Thomas More is ____, which describes an ideal non - Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief. A. The Praise of the Folly B. As You Like It C. Divine Comedy D. Utopia 8. ______, author of Prince, is regarded as “father of political science” in the West . A. Machiavelli B. Dante C. Bacon D. Locke 9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs, ____ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe. A. Kepler B. Galileo C. Newton D. Copernicus 10. During the ____century, the modern scientific method began to take shape, which emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. A. 18th B. 15th C. 16th D. 17th 11. _____said, “knowledge is power.” A. Isaac Newton B. Francis Bacon C. John Locke D. Marx 12. In past, ____drew on an immense variety of cultural material-theological, mythological, philosophical, political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and literary. A. Goethe B. Defoe C. Rousseau D. Byron 13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer? A. Wordsworth B. Shelley C. Pushkin D. Balzac 14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except ______. A. the power of reason B. individual freedom C. spontaneity D. love of nature 15. “If winter comes, can spring be far be hind?” is the ending l ine of “Ode to the West W ind” by______. A. Wordsworth B. Keats C. Pushkin D. Shelley 16. The composer of Swan Lake was_____, a genius in symphonic music. A. Tchaikovsky B. Chopin C. Beethoven D. Mozart 17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19th century intended ____. A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evils B. to give full play to the imagination of individuals C. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraint D. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific s tudy of “a slice of life”
（0174）《欧洲文化入门》复习思考题答案 I. Complete each of following sentences with the most likely answer. 1—5, addab; 6—10, dbcaa; 11—15, bcdbc; 16—20, dcbad; 21—25, dcacc; 26—30, dabad; 31—35,adbda; 36—40, cbbcd; 41—45, cbacd; 46—50, bdbda; 51—55, bcbdd; 56—60,acabd; 61—65, adbcb; 66—70, cadbb; 71—75, dadcc; 76—80, dcdab; 81—85,cdcda; 86—90, badca; 91—95,cdcab; 95—100,cadbc; 101—105, aabcd; 106—110, bcdab; 111—115,cadbc; 116—120, dacba; 121—125, cdbca; 126—130, cdbdc. II, Match the names of Column A with the appropriate items of Column B. Part One: 1—5, g c h p d 6—10, o i n e j 11—15, q f k r t 16—20, a l s m b Part One: 1—5, d n c p h 6—10, b m i a l 11—15, g o e s k 16—20, r f t q j III. True-false Question 1—5 TFFTF; 6—10 TTFFT; 11—15 FTFTT; 16—20 FFTTF; 21—25 FFFTF; 26—30 TTTFT; VI. Explain Briefly; 1.The Bible ( p 51 and others ) 2.Renaissance ( p 125 ) 3.John Lock ( p204) 4.Lugwig von Beethoven 5.Baroque Art ( p 217 ) 6.Enlightenment ( pp 223-224 ) 7.Romanticism ( pp 275-276 ) 8.Realism ( pp 363-364 ) 9.Dadaism ( p 488 ) 10.The Human Comedy ( p 368 ) 11.The Spirit of the Laws （p235） 12.Marxism （p339）
作业 1．第1题 The Council of Constance marked A.the largest religious gathering of the Late Middle Ages. B.the end of the Western Schism. C.the success in dealing with the problems of heresy. D.the success in dealing with the problems of the church reform. 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 Which form of literature was unpopular in the medieval Islamic world? A.poetry B.prose C.history D.drama 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 All the following statements featured the Capetian kings of France, EXCEPT A.The Capetian kings established strong royal power by conquest, as William had done in England B.They kept the support of the popes by defending the Christian faith and by going on crusades. C.They carefully defined the powers of their officials and closely supervised them, while using church officials as administrators D.They developed Paris as both a trading center and a royal capital 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第4题
[0174]《欧洲文化入门》 第一批 [论述题] 1.The Bible 2. Renaissance 参考答案： [判断题]12. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]14. Black Humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man's fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can't do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]10. Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by Dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]15. Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to communicate one's inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]7. The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th . 参考答案：错误 [判断题]6. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]5. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]4. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]3. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]2. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]1. Homer's epics described the events of Homer's own time. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]13. Marxism was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment, German post-Kantian philosophy, English classical political economy, and
Division three: The Middle Ages 中世纪 1.What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire? After the Roman Empire lost its predominance, a great many Germanic Kingdoms began to grow into the nations know as England, France, Italy, and Germany in its place. These nations of Western Europe were in the scene of frequent wars and invasions. The political unity had given way to widespread destruction and confusion. Hunger and disease killed many lives and village fell into ruin and great areas of land lay waste. There was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church. Christianity was almost the all and the one of Medieval lives in western Europe and took lead in politics, law, art, and learning for hundreds years. 2.What were the cultural characteristics of the period from 500 to 1000? Above all, the cultural characters of this period were the heritage and achievement of Roman culture and the emergence of Hebrew and Gothic culture. 3.Who was Charles Martel? Charles Martel was a Frankish ruler who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their services in 732. 4.What was the relationship between lord and vassal? Lords granted parts of their lands known as fiefs to vassals. In return, the vassals promised to fight for the lords. 5.Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism? Under feudalism, people of their Western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords, and peasants. 6.What was the different between a serf and a free man? A serf had no land and no freedom. He was bond to the land where he had been born. A free man was a peasant who usually was a worker who made the ploughs, shod the horses, and made harnesses for oxen and horses. 7.What is the importance of the using of vernacular languages in Medieval literature? In the Middle Ages, some “national epics”were written in vernacular language—the language of various national states that came into being at that period, and some monks advocated translating the Bible in vernacular. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture that was the combination of a variety od national characteristics. 8.In what ways did Gothic art differ from Romanesque art? ⑴Although Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque, it was given directions by a different aesthetic and philosophical spirit and reflected a much more ordered feudal society with full confidence. ⑵Romanesque architecture is characterized by massiveness, solidity, and monumentality with an overall blocky appearance. Sculpture and painting, primary in churches, developed a wonderful unity with architecture. Both arts often are imbued with symbolism and allegory. They are not based on natural forms but use deliberate distortions for expressive impact. ⑶Gothic cathedrals soared high, their windows, arched and towers reaching heavenward, flinging their passion against the sky. They were decorated with beautiful stained glass windows and sculptures more lifelike than any since ancient Rome. 9.What was the merit which Charlemagne and Alfred the Great share?
（0174）《欧洲文化入门》复习思考题 I. Complete each of following sentences with the most likely answer. 1.____ culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.. a. Greek b. Roman c. Egyptian d. Chinese 2. Two major elements in European culture are ____. a. the Greek and Roman b. the Judaism and Christianity c. the Greco-Roman d. a and b 3. ____ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy ). a. The Odyssey b. The Iliad c. Prometheus Bound d. Persians 4. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____. a. Aeschylus b. Aristophanes c. Euripides d.Sophocles 5. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy. a. Euripides b. Aristophanes c. Sophocles d. Aeschylus 6. Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between ____ . a. Athens and Sparta b. Athens and Syracuse c. Athens and Persians d. Greeks and Persians 7. _____ ever said that “ You can not step twice into the river?” a. Home b. Heracleitue c. Democritus d. Socrates 8. _____ by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets. a. Dialogues b. The Apology c. The Republic d. Symposium 9. Dante called _____ “ the master of those who know”. a. Aristotle b. Plato c. Socrates d. Archimedes 10. Euclid is even now well-known for his ____. a. Elements b. Poetics c. Ethics d. Politics 11. The theory of ____ is that one should endure hardship and misfortune with courage. A. the Epicurans b. the Stoics c. the Sceptics d. the Cynics 12. ____ has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists. a, Discus Throwe r b, Venus de Milo c, Laocoon group d, Parthenon 13. It is _____ who was the founder of scientific mathematics. a. Heracleitus b. Aristotle c. Socrates d. Pythagoras 14. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus in ______. a. 146 B.C. b. 27 B.C. c. 27 A. D. d. 30 B.C. 15. In _____ the West Roman Empire ended when the last emperor of the West was deposed by the Goths. a. 27 B. C. b. 395 c. 476 d. 1453 16. After the 27 B. C. the Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting 200 years . It is known as _____. a. the Roman Law b. the Roman roads c. the Roman Empire d. the Pax Romana 17. ____by Julius Caesar are models of succinct Latin. a. The Aeneid b. Poetics c. Commentaries d. Elements 18. The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by _____.
0174欧洲文化入门答案 1.Who was Aristotle? And what are his works?（20%） Reference to text-book, p 27--28. Aristotle (384 BC ? 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato"s teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle"s writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics. 2. Why does Bertrand Russell conclude, “The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century’?（20%） This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes. Their work helped to create modern science and in a sens e the modern world. These scientists abandoned the traditional reliance on authority and the accepted method of ded uctive reasoning. Instead, they attached great importance to direct observation of nature and exp erimentation. Numerous revolutionary concepts and inventions were developed during this period. 3. What is the Renaissance? （20%） The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century,beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe.The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historical era,but since the changes of the Renaissance were not uniform across Europe,this is a general use of the term.As a cultural movement,it encompassed a flowering of literature,science,art,religion,and politics,and a resurgence of learning based on classical sources,the development of linear perspective in painting,and gradual but widespread educational reform.Traditionally,this intellectual transformation has resulted in the Renaissance being viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era.Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits,as well as social and political upheaval,it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo,who inspired the term "Renaissance man". 4. What is The Spirit of the Laws？(20%) In his classification of political systems, Montesquieu defines three main kinds: republican, monarchical, and despotic. As he defines them, Republican political systems vary depending on how broadly they extend citizenship rights—those that extend citizenship relatively broadly are termed democratic republics, while those that restrict citizenship more narrowly are termed aristocratic republics. The distinction between monarchy and despotism hinges on whether or not a fixed set of laws exists that can restrain the authority of the ruler: if so, the regime counts as a monarchy; if not, it counts as despotism. 5.What is Black Humor( authors and their works)? (20%) reference to text-book pp492. Black Humor, a kind of drama (or, by extension, a non?dramatic work) in which disturbing or sinister subjects like death, disease, or warfare, are treated with bitter amusement, usually in a manner calculated to offend and shock. Prominent in the theatre of the absurd, black comedy is also a feature of Joe Orton"s Loot (1965). A similar black humour