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自考学位英语词汇资料A

自考学位英语词汇资料A
自考学位英语词汇资料A

A字母

Abandon,放弃,抛弃;

Abandon oneself to, 沉溺于;abandon oneself to despair,只会悲观失望;abandon doing something,放弃做某事;

Ability,能力,才能;

To the best of one’s ability,尽其所能;

Able,能干的;

Be able to do something,能够做某事;

Aboard,在船、飞机、车上;

About,关于,差不多大约;

About to,即将;what about,怎样;

Above,在什么的上面,超过;

Above all,尤其,最重要的是;above somebody’s bend,力所不及;

Abuse,虐待;

Absence,缺席,不在场;

Absence from,不在,缺席;absence of mind,心不在焉;in the absence of,外出期间;absence without leave,开小差;

Absolute,完全的,绝对的;

Absolute truth,绝对真理;absolute weight,实重,绝对重量;

Absolutely,完全绝对肯定地,极其;

Absorb,吸收;

Be absorb to,专心于;

Academic 学院的,学术的;

Academic year,学年;academic research,学术研究;academic certificate,学历证书;

Accelerate,加速,促进;Accent,口音,重音;Accept,接受,认可;Acceptance,接受,承认;

Accident,事故,意外的事;

By accident,偶然;by accident of,因什么的机会;

Accompany,陪伴,伴奏;

Accompany somebody to some place,陪同某人去某地;

Accomplish,完成;

Accomplish one’s purpose,达到目的;

Accordance,一致,和谐;

In accordance with,与什么一致;

According,按照,依照;

According as,依据,如果;according to,按照,根据;

Account,账目,说明解释;

On account of,因为,由于;account for,导致,引起;take into account,考虑;

Accumulate,积累;

Accumulate funds,积累资金;

Accurate,准确的,精确的;

Accuse,指控,谴责;

Accuse somebody of,控告某人;

Accustomed,习惯的;

Be/get/become accustomed to something/doing something,习惯于做某事;

Ache,疼痛;

Achieve,完成,获得;

Achieve success,获得成功;

Achievement,成就,成绩;

Acid,酸的;

Acid orange,酸性橙;

Acquaintance,熟人,相识;

Have an acquaintance with,与什么相识;make the acquaintance of somebody/make one’s acquaintance,结识某人;

Acquire,获得;

Acquire to,拥有占有;Acre,英亩;Across,横穿,在.....的那边;

Act,行为动作,表演,条例;

Act on,按照....行事;act as,担任什么的职位;

Action,行动动作;

Take action,采取行动;out of action,不起作用;

Active,活跃的,积极的;

Play an active role in,在什么中起积极的作用;

Activity,活动;Actor,男演员;actress,女演员;Actual,实际现实的;Actually,实际上;

Add,增加,增进;

Add in,添加;add up to,合计;

Addition,加法,增加;

In addition to,除什么之外;in addition,另外;

Additional,附加另外的;

Additional charges,附加费;

Address,地址,致辞;

Address oneself to something,致力于做某事;

Adequate,恰当的,足够的;abjective,形容词;

Adjust,调整调节;

Adjust to,适应调节;adjust oneself to,使自己适应于;

Administration,管理部门,行政机关,政府;

Admire,钦佩;

Admire somebody for something,佩服某人的......;

Admit,允许进入,承认;

Admit of,容许有;admit to 承认,让...进去;

Adopt,采纳,收养;adult,成人;

Advance,促进,进展,预付款;

In advance,提前,预先;

Advanced,先进的;

Advantage,利益,好处;

Take advantage of,利用,趁....之机;

Adventure,冒险,惊险活动;Adverb,副词;advertisement,广告;

Advice,忠告,意见;

Follow one’s advice,听从某人的忠告;advice on something,有关什么的建议;

Advise,忠告,通知;

Advise on something,商量;

Affair,事件;Affect,影响;

Affection,爱,感情;

Affection for,对什么有感情;

Afford,负担得起,给予;

Afraid,害怕担心的;

Be afraid of,害怕担忧;be afraid to do something,害怕做某事;

Africa,非洲;african,非洲人;

after,在...后,后来;

After all,毕竟;

Afternoon,下午;in the afternoon,在下午;Afterwards,后来,以后;

Again,再次,又;

Again and again,反复地;once again,再一次;

Against,反对,靠近;

Against one’s will,违心地;

Age,年龄;

At the age of,在多少岁的时候;for ages,长期;

Agent,代理人;agent fee,代理费;

Ago,以前;long ago,很久以前;

Agree,同意,适合;

Agree on,(双方)同意赞同;agree to,同意允诺;agree with,同意适合;Agreement,同意,协议;

In agreement,同意;

Aggressive,挑衅的,积极进取的;

Aggressive reaction,积极反应;

Agriculture,农业;

Ahead,在前;

Ahead of,在什么的前面;ahead of time,提早;

Aid,援助,助手;

Aid somebody in(with)在某方面帮助某人;

Aim,目标,志在,瞄准针对;

Aim at,瞄准针对;

Air,空气,使通风;

By air,通过航空;in the air,在空中,悬而未决;

Aircraft,飞行器,飞机;airline,航线,航空公司;China North Air,中国北方航空公司;Airplane,飞机;Airport,机场;

Awkward,尴尬的;

Awkward squad,乌合之众;

Alarm,惊恐,报警器;Alcohol,酒精;Alike,相同的,相似的;

Alive,活着的,热闹的;

After all,毕竟,虽然这样;all right,行可以,顺利;at all,完全,根本;all over,到处遍及;in all,总共;

Allow,允许,承认;

Allow for,考虑到;

Almost,几乎,总是,差不多;

Alone,独自,仅仅;

Leave alone,不打扰;let alone 更不用说;

Along,向前,沿着;

All along,始终;along with,随同...一起;get along with,与...相处;

Alond,大声的;Alphabet,字母表;Already,已经;

Also,也;

Not only....but also,不仅...而且;

Alter,改变;Althoungh,虽然即使;Altogether,完全总之;always,总是,永远;

Amaze,惊讶;

Be amazed at,对什么感到非常惊讶;

Ambition,野心;Ambulance,救护车;America,美国;American,美国人;

Among,在.....之间;

Amount to,总计;

Amuse,给.....以娱乐;

Amuse oneself with,以.....自娱;

Analyze,分析,分解;Ancestor,祖先;ancestor worship,祭祖;anchor,锚,停泊;Ancient,古代的;

And,和,而且;

And all,等等;and as well,以及,又;

Anger,愤怒;Angle,角度,观点;

Angry,生气,愤怒;

Be angry at/with,对什么发怒;

Animal,动物;the animal world,动物界;Ankle joint,踝关节;Announce,宣布,通告;

Annoy,使烦恼,使生气,打搅;

Be annoyed at,被某事烦扰;be annoyed for,恼怒;

Annual,每年;an annual income,年收入;

Another,另一个;

One after another,一个接一个;

Answer,回答,答案;

Answer for,负责,保证;

Anticipate,预料,期望;

Anxiety,焦虑,渴望;

Anxiety for,想做...;with anxiety,焦虑地;

Anxious,担心的,焦虑的;

Any,什么,一些;

Any and every,全部;if any,即使有;

Anybody,任何人;Anyhow,任何事;Anyway,无论如何;Anywhere,无论哪里;

Apart,分离,隔开;

Apart from,远离,除....之外;

Apartment,一套公寓;

Apologize,道歉,认错;

Apologize for,道歉;apologize to somebody for,因什么向某人道歉;

Apology,歉意,道歉;

Apparent,明显的;Be apparent to,显然的;appear,出现,仿佛;appearance,出现,露面,外表;

Appetite,胃口,食欲;

Have an appetite for,渴望;

The apple of one’s eye,掌上明珠;Application,应用,申请;

Apply,申请,应用;

Apply for,申请,请求;apply to,应用于;

Appoint,任命;约定;

Appoint somebody as,任命某人为;

Appointment,约会,任命;

Have/make an appointment with somebody,与某人约会;

Appreciate,感谢,欣赏,评价;

Approach,接近,途径,方法;

Approach to,接近,做某事的方法,途径;

Appropriate,适合的,恰当的;

Be appropriate for/to,做什么是适当的/合适的;

Approval,赞同,批准;

On approval,供试用的,包退包换的;

Approve,赞同;Approve of,赞成,满意;Approximately,近似的;

Area of error,误差面积;Arbitrary,随心所欲的,任意的;Architecture,建筑学,建筑风格;

Argue,辩论,争论;

Argue for,赞成;argue on,辩论某事;

Arise,出现发生,起源于;

Arise from,起于,由....出身;

Arithmetic,算术;

Arm,手臂,武器;

Arm in arm,臂腕臂;at arm’s length,疏远;

Army,军人;

An army of,一大群;

Around,周围,在附近;

All around,四处到处;

Arouse,唤醒,激起;

Arouse somebody from,唤醒某人;

Arrange,整理,安排;

Arrange for,安排;

Arrangement,安排,准备工作;

Arrangement rule,排列规则;make an arrangement for,为什么做准备;

Arrest,逮捕,扣留;

Arrest somebody for,因什么而逮捕某人;

Arrival,到达;

Arrival time,到达时间;

Arrive,到来,得出;

Arrive at,达到(较小的地方);Arrive in,到达(较大的地方);

Arrow,箭头;

Art,艺术;art for art’s sake,为艺术而艺术;

Article,文章;Artificial,人工的;Artist,艺术家;

As,一样,当作;

As if/as though,好像,仿佛;as....as,与什么一样;not as/so....as,不如....那样;as to,关于;

Ash,灰;

Ashamed,惭愧的,害羞的;

Be ashamed of,为什么感到羞耻;

Asia,亚洲;Asian,亚洲人;

Aside,旁边;

Aside from,除....以外;

Ask,请求,要求,问;

Ask for,请求,要求;ask after,询问,问候;

Asleep,睡觉的;

Fall asleep,入睡;

Assemble,集合,组装;Assembly,集会,装备;assembly line,装配线;Assignment,分配作业,指派;

Assist,帮助,协助;

Assist somebody with something,帮助某人做某事;

Assitance,帮助,援助;Assistant,助手,助理;

Assume,假装,设想,承担;

Assume an air of,装出什么的样子;

Assure,保证,使确信;

Assure somebody of that,担保,使确信;

Astronaut,宇航员;Atlantic,大西洋;Atmosphere,大气层,气氛;Atom,原子;

Attach,贴上,系上;

Attach a lable to,贴标签于;attach oneself to,依附,参与;

Attack,攻击,进攻;

Attain,获得,达到;attain distinction,出名;Attempt,试图,努力;

Attend,照顾,注意,出席,护理;

Attend to,专心,注意,照顾;

Attention,注意力;

Pay attention to,注意;

Attitude,态度,看法;

Attract,吸引;

Attract attention,引起注意;

Attraction,吸引力;

Have attraction for,对....有吸引力;

Attractive,有吸引力的;Audience,听众,观众;Australia,澳大利亚;Author,作者;

Automatic,自动的;Automatic teller machine,自动取款机;Automobile,汽车;Autumn,秋;

Available,可利用的;

Available for,对什么可用的;

Avenue,大街,途径手段;

Average,平均;

On average,平均起来,一般来说;

Avoid,避免,逃避;

Avoid doing something,避免做某事;

Awake,醒来,唤起;

Awake from,醒来,察觉;awake to,醒悟;

Award,奖品,授予;

Aware,意识到,知道;

Be aware of,知道;

Away,远离,离开;

Right away,立刻马上;get away,逃脱,离开,送走;

Awful,可怕的;

自考英语(二)常考英语词汇

自考英语(二)常考英语词汇汇总 1.in the way 挡路,阻碍,妨碍 2. to make a guess at 对...进行猜测 3. to blind sb.to sth. 使某人看不到某物,使某人对某物丧失判断力 4. to contribute to sth.(1)促成,导致(2)有助于,增添(3)捐助,贡献(4)撰稿,投稿 5. to seek to do sth.设法做某事 6.in part 部分地;在某种程度上 7. vary from...to... 从...变为...;在...与...之间变化 8. and the like 等等,诸如此类 9. point of view 观点,看法 10. to apply for 申请,请求 11. day-to-day (1)日常的,每日常规工作的(2)逐日的 12. to have no idea 不知道;无能力 13. to take the trouble to do sth. 费力做某事,不辞劳苦做某事 14. to put oneself in sb 'p s lace 设身处地替某人着想 15. to one's advantage 处于不利地位 16. to ask for 要求,请求,要价,讨价 17.in hand (1)在手中(持有);在手头(随时可用)(2)在控制下(3)正在办理、处理之中 18. to make sure(of/that)(1)弄清楚,核实查明(2)设法确保,最好 19. to turn down (1)to turn sb./down 顶回,拒不理会,拒绝(2)to turn sth.down 调节(炉具、收音机等) 使热量、音量温度等降低(3)翻下 20. as soon as一...就...,不迟于 21. aim to do sth.或aim at doing sth 计划;打算;以...为目标 22. experiment with 进行实验(试验) 23.in case 免得,以防万一,说不定 24.in theory 理论上,理论上讲 25. to apply to sth. (1)把...应用于...(2)致力于...,集中精力(做某事) 26. research into 研究、探讨、调查 27. to swallow up (1)吞没,淹没,掩盖(2)用尽,耗尽 28. to make use of 利用 29. depend on 依靠,指望 30. together with 和,连同 31.in every respect 在各个方面 32.in other words 换句话说,也就是说 33. to consist of 由...组成,由...构成 34. a great many 许多,很多 35. to consist of 对...有影响 36. above all 最重要的,尤其,首先 37. as a rule 在多数情况下,通常,一般而言 38. to be affected with 感染(疾病),患有...病 39. to carry out (1)实施,执行,完成,贯彻,落实(2)进行(实验等) 40.in addition to 加之,除...以外

(完整版)成人学士学位英语单词(史上最全)

学士学位英语单词 abandon v.放弃,抛弃 aboard ad.在船(飞机、车)上prep.在(船、飞机、车)上上(船、飞机、车) about to do 即将… bring sth. about 使发生 about face 向后转;(态度,意见等)大转变 How about…? 表示访问,…怎么样?What about…? 表示询问,…怎么样?…好吗?…好吗? Above prep.在…上面,超过a.上面的,上述的ad.在上面 above oneself 过于自信,兴高采烈abroad ad.国外,海外 at home and abroad/国内外 absence/n.缺席,不在场;+ absent/a.缺席,不在场,缺乏的;漫不经心的 absent-mined 心不在焉的,出神的absolute/a.绝对的,完全的;(语法)独立的 absorb v.吸收(水、热、光等)吸取,接受(知识、意见等) be absorbed in 专心于 abundant 丰富的,充分的academic 学院的,学术的accent n.腔调,口音n.重音,重音符号 accept v.接受,认可 access n.接近,进入,通路have an access to 进入 There is an access to…有一条通向…的通道 accident n.事故n.意外的事,偶然的事by accident 偶然、无意中 road 交通事故 accompany v.陪伴,伴随,伴奏 accomplish v.完成(任务等) according (只用于下列两个习语中) according to 按照,根据 according as+从句根据…而… 按 照…而… accordingly ad.因此,从而,相应地; 照着(办、做等) account n.账,账目,账户v.说 明,解释(for) on account of=because of 因为,由于 take(no)account of (不)考虑,(不)重 视 on one’s own account为自己的利益,独 立地,自行担负责任 accuracy n.准确,精密(性) accurate a.准确的,精确的 accuse v.谴责v.指控,告发 accuse sb.of sth. 指责、控告某人,某事。 *accustomed a.惯常的,习惯的 be accustomed to 习惯于 ache n.疼痛,酸痛 be aching to do 渴望… have an ache in …疼 achievement n.完成,达到 n.成就,成绩 *acid n.酸 acquire v.取得,获得 across ad,/prep.横越,横过 prep.在…那边 act n.行为,动作;(一)幕;法令,条 例 v..行动,举动;起作用;表演 act as 担任,充当 act for 代理 act on/upon (药等)起作用 action n.行动,动作 n.作用 go into action 投入战斗,行动起来 out of action 失去作用,失去战斗力 active a.活动的,活跃的, 活泼的 a.敏捷的,积极的, 主动的 be active in 积极/主动作 activity n.活动 actor n.男演员,演员 actress n.女演员 actual a.实际的,现实的 ad(Am.E) n.=advertisement.广告 *adapt v.(to)使适应,使适合 v.改编,改写 add v.加,加上 v.增加,增进 add…to… add up to 合计为…,部共 把…加到…上 addition n.加法,增加 in addition to 除…之外,加之,并且 additional a.附加的,另外的 address n.地址,通讯处 n./v.致词 v.致函,写地址 address oneself to… 从事/致力,忙于…,与…谈话 /通信 *adequate a.足够的,恰当的 adjective n./a.足够的,恰当的 adjust v.调节,调整 *administration n.管理n.行政部门 admire v.羡慕,赞赏,饮佩 admit v.允许进入,接纳v.承认 adopt v.收养v.采用,采纳,通过 adult n.成人 advance v.推进,促进 v./n.前进,进展 in advance 提前,预先 advanced n.优点,有利条件 n.利益,好处 gain/have advantage over 胜于,优于 take advantage of 乘…之机,利用 to one’s advantage 对…有利 adventure n.冒险,惊险活动 adverb n.副词 advertise v.为…做广告 advertise for 招聘;做广告;征求 advertisement n.广告 advice n.忠告,意见 advise v.忠告,劝告 v.通知 aeroplane n.飞机 affair n.事,事情,事件 affect v.影响 afford v.担负得起,买得起,花 得起(时间等) v.供给,给予 afraid a.怕的,害怕的 a.惟恐的,担心的 be afraid of… 怕… be afraid to do… 怕…,不敢…

学位英语考试_最常用的600个高频词汇

学位英语考试最常用的600个高频词汇 2007-11-02 11:09 1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。 2. be absent from…。缺席,不在 3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded)心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with)富于,富有 6. access(to)(不可数名词)能接近,进入,了解 7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外。 Without accident(=safely)安全地, 8. of one's own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地 9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one's accord with 同…。不一致 10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11. in accordance with (=in agreement with)依照,根据 12. on one's own account 1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益 2)(=at one's own risk)自行负责 3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有………重要性。 13. take…into account(=consider)把……考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明,解释(理由) 15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for)解释,说明。 16. on account of (=because of)由于,因为。 17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about)指控,控告

自考英语词汇

1 why should a student of English study English lexicology ? First ,it will help his personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power . second ,it will give him a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable him to organize ,classif y and store words more effectively .third, it will gradually raise his awareness of meaning and usages of words ,and enable him to use words more accurat ely and appropriat ely. f ourth, it will improve his skills of using reference books and raise his problem-solving ability and eff iciency of individual study .and at last ,it will improve his receptive and productive skills in language processing as will as language production. 2 How does a students of English study English lexicology? We have two approaches to the study of English words, namely synchronic and diachroni c. From a synchronic point of view, words can be studied at a point in time, regardless of changes whatsoever. From a diachronic point of view, we can consider words historically, looking into their origins and changes in f orm and meaning. These two ways are complementary. As f or the course of English lexicology, there are quite some def initions, principles and explanations that govern the law of English words. We need to be clear about them. Everything has its own special aspects. We should grasp them so that we can closely f ollow its law. So it is also the case with English lexicology 3 Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples. A word is a symbol that stands f or something else in the word. Each of the world’s cultures has come to agree that certain sounds will represent certain persons, things, places, properties, processes and activities arbirtrary, and there is“no logical relationship between the sound which stands f or a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”.a dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. It is only symbolic. The relationship between them is conventional because people of the same speech community have agreed to refers to the animal with this cluster of sound. In dif ferent language the same concept can be represented by diff erent sound. Woman, f or example, becomes “frau”in German, “f emme”in French and “f u nu”in Chinese. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ may be used to mean meet, meat, mete, denoting entirely different thing. Differences of Sound and Form:语音和类型的区别the internal reason f or this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans;the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart;some of the differences were created by the early scribes;f inally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary。 4 Enumerate the major modes of modern vocabulary development. (列举现代英语词汇发展的主要方式) generally speaking, there are three modes of modem English vocabulary development. They are: creation, semantic change and borrowing. 1, creation refers to the f ormation of new words by usin g the existing materials, namely roots, aff ixes, and other elements. 2, semantic change means an old f orm which takes on a new meaning to meet the new word. This does not increase the number of word f orms but create many more new usages of the words, thus enriching the vocabulary. 3, borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times. 5 What are the f undamental f eatures of the core of the English vocabulary? (英 语基本词汇有什么基本特征?) the f oundamental features of the basic word stock are f ollows:1, all national character 2, stability 3, productivity 4, polysemy 5, collocability 6 What is reference? (什么是所指关系?) reference is the relationship between language and the word. “by means of reference, a speaker indicat es which thing in the word (including persons) are being talked about. ”words have meaning only when they have acquired reference. In other words, only when a connection has been est ablished between the linguistic sign and a referent, i.e. an object , a phenomenon, a person, etc. does the sign become ,meaningf ul. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. 7 What is the dif f erence between grammatical meaning and lexical meaning? (语法意义和词汇意义有何区 别?) unlike lexical meaning, different lexical items, which have different lexi cal meaning, may have the same grammatical meaning. On the other hand, the same word may have diff erent grammatical meaning. Functional words, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning whereas content words have both meaning, and lexical meaning in particular. Lexical meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning. It is known that grammatical meaning surfaces only in use. But lexical meaning is constant in all the content words within or without context as it is related to the word conveys. 8 Associative meaning comprises f our types: connotative, stylistic, aff ective, and collocative.(联想意义包括四种类别:内 涵意义,文体意义,感情意义,搭配意 义) 9 What is the different between the processes of radiation and concatenation? (辐射型和 连锁型有什么区别?) unlike radiation where each of the derived meaning is directly connected to the primary meaning, concatenation describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains. Though the latest sense can be traced back to the original, there is no direct connection in between. 10 Differentiation of homonyms f rom polysemants. (同形同音异义词与多义 词的区别) the f undamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the f ace the f ormer refers to diff erent words which happen to share the same f orm and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings. One important criterion is to see their etymology, i.e. homonyms are f orm different sources whereas a polysemant is f orm the same source which has acquired different meaning in the course of development. The second principal consideration is semantic relat edness. The various meaning of a polysemant are correlated and connected to one central meaning to a greater or lesser degree. On the other hand, meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another. In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meaning all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate enties. 11 sources of synonyms. (同义词的来源) 1, borrowing 2, dialects and regional English 3, f igurative and euphemistic use of words 4, coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 12 discrimination of synonyms. (同义词 的区别) 1,diff erent in denotation. 2, dif ferent in connotation 3, diff erent in application. 13 type of antonyms. (反义词的类别) 1,contradictory terms 2, contrary terms 3, relative terms 14 some of the characteristics of antonyms. (反义词的一些特点) 1,antonyms are classi f ied on the basis of semantic opposition. 2, a word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym. 3, antonyms diff er in semantic inclusion. 4, contrary terms are gradable antonyms, differing in degree of intensity, so each has its own corresponding opposite. 15 give examples to explain the characteristics of each of the three types of antonymys: contradictiory terms, contrary terms, relative terms. (举例解 释下列三种反义词:1 互为矛盾的反义 词 2 相对反义词 3 表示相互关系的 反义词) contradictiory terms: these antonyms truly represent to each other that they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them. Examples: dead—alive; present—absent; contrary terms: antonyms of the type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes. f or instance, rich—poor; old—young; relative terms: this type consists of relative opposites such as parent—child; husband—wi f e; 16 What are the causes of semantic charge? (语义变化的原因?) there are many causes of semantic change. The main causes are extra—linguistic f actors and linguistic f actors. In extra—linguistic f actors, there are historical reasons, class reasons, and psychological reasons. In linguistic factors, there are shortening of phrases, inf lux of borrowings and analogy. 17 Types of changes. (词义变化的种类) 1, extension (词义的扩大) 2, narrowing (词义的缩小) 3,elevation (词义的升格) 4,degradation (词义的

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capacity capacity n.能力,才能;性能;容量 [语境]The lift has a capacity of 15 persons. 这部电梯的载容量为15人。 Some people have a greater capacity for happiness than others. 有的人享得起福,有的人享不起福。 [考点]at capacity 以最大的程度 capital capital n.首都;资本;资源;大写字母;adj.极好的;死刑的;资本的;首都的; [语境]The criminal was sentenced to capital punishment. 罪犯被判处死刑。 London is spelt with a capital L. London—词中L是大写的。 [考点]political capital 政治资本 labour and capital 劳资双方 capital outflow 资金外流 make capital out of 利用 car car n.汽车,车辆,车;(火车)车厢 [语境]Car bombs have become essential terrorist weapons. 汽车炸弹已经成为恐怖主要的武器。 care care 小心;关怀,照料 v.(about)关心,介意,计较 [语境]He cares very little for fame and gain 他对名利很淡薄。 [考点]care about 关心,担心 care for 喜欢 care of 照料;关怀;处理 careful careful 小心的,仔细的;细致的,精心的 [巧记]派生词:carefully (adv.小心地,谨慎地)carefiilness (n.仔细,慎重) [语境]Be double carefiil when you cross the street. 你过街时要加倍小心。 careless careless 粗心的,草率的;随便的,不介意;不关心的,冷漠的 [语境]She‘s careless about her clothes. 她对穿着一点儿都不讲究。

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