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英语四种疑问句的用法归纳

英语四种疑问句的用法归纳
英语四种疑问句的用法归纳

英语四种疑问句的用法归纳

一、学习一般疑问句的五个要点

就全句提出问题,希望对方给予肯定或否定答复的问句,叫做一般疑问句。回答时要用Yes或No来开头,句末用问号,朗读时用升调。

(一)、一般疑问句的基本结构

1. 如果谓语中有情态动词、助动词或be,将这些词移到主语之前。如:

Eg: Can you dance? 你会跳舞吗?

Will he go there tomorrow? 他明天去那里?

Are you a student? 你是学生吗?

2. 如果谓语中没有情态动词、助动词或be,就在主语前加助动词do(does、did) ,原来

的动词都用原形。如:

Eg: Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?

Does your brother like English? 你的兄弟喜欢英语吗?

Did you sleep well last night? 你昨晚睡得好吗?

注:have做助动词时,将其移至主语前;作“有”解时也可以将其移至主语前;不是作“有”解的为行为动词时,其疑问式和其他行为动词一样要在主语前加do(does、

did) 。如:

Eg: Has he gone to England? 他到英国去了?

Have you (=Do you have) a car? 你有汽车吗?

Do you have lunch at school? 你是在学校吃中饭的吗?

(二)、一般疑问句的简略回答

Eg: —Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?

—Yes, I can. (No, I can’t) 会。(不会)

—Have you finished your work? 你工作做完了吗?

—Yes, I have. (No, I haven’t. ) 做完了。(还没有。)

—Is this your pen? 这是你的钢笔吗??

—Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t) 是的。(不是。)

(三)、一般疑问句的否定形式

当说话人或是期待肯定的回答或是不期待对方的回答时用否定式。其结构,在口语里,总是把not与情态动词、助动词或be缩略成一个词;有时也将not放在主语后。如:Eg: Can’t you see the kite? 难道你看不到那个风筝?

Don’t you like playing football? 难道你不喜欢踢足球?

Aren’t you (=Are you not) a You Pioneer? 难道你不是少先队员?

(四)、注意否定疑问句的回答

英语的yes和no是对答语的肯定或否定,而不是对问句的肯定或否定,所以只要答语是肯定的,就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语是否定的,就用“No+否定结构”。这与汉语的习惯不同。请比较:

Eg: —Won’t he go to the hospital? 难道他不去医院了?

—Yes, he will . (No, he won’t. ) 不,他去。(是的,他不去。)

—Can’t you speak English? 你难道不会讲英语吗?

—Yes, I can . (No, I can’t. ) 不,我会。(是的,我不会)

二、学习特殊疑问句的三个要点

(一)、特殊殊疑问句的概念

就是对句中某一部分提出问题的疑问句,叫做特殊疑问句。句首用疑问词,句末用问号,并用降调。不能用Yes或No回答,需要直接回答所问内容,与问句重复的部分常省略。如:

Eg: —What’s there on the road? 路上有什么?

—There’s a truck on it. 路上有辆卡车。

—Who runs fastest in your class? 你们班谁跑得最快?

—Tom does. 汤姆。

(二)、疑问代词和疑问副词

1. 疑问代词

who谁(作主语和表语),whom谁(作宾语),whose谁的(作定语和表语),which

哪些(个) (作主语、宾语、定语和表语),what什么(作主语、定语和表语)。

注:疑问代词都属于第三人称,一般为单数,有时也有复数。what, whose, which

作定语时,必须放在它们所能修饰的名词之前。

2. 疑问副词(作状语)

when何时,where何地,why为什么,how如何,how much多少(不可数) ,how many

多少(可数),how long多久,how old多大年纪,how far多远。

注:how修饰形容词和副词时,必须放在形容词和副词之前。

(三)、特殊疑问句的结构

1. 对主语和主语的定语提问时,与陈述句的语序相同。

Eg: Who is in the room? 谁在房间里?

What makes you so worry? 什么事使你这么烦恼?

Whose shirt is this? 这是谁的衬衣?

Which desk is yours? 哪张课桌是你的?

2. 对句子的其他成分提问,是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。

Eg: What are you doing? 你在干什么?

Which do you want? 你要哪一个?

What time does the train arrive? 火车几点到站?

When will you come back? 你什么时候回来?

How long did they stay there? 他们在那里呆了多久?

三、选择疑问句学习要点

(一)选择疑问句的结构

通常提供两种情况,要求对方从中作出选择,其结构是:一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句(后句常将与前句意思相同的部分省去)。说话时,前句用升调,后句用降调。如:Eg: Shall I go or will you go yourself? 是我去还是你自己去?

Will he go on Sunday or on Monday? 他是星期日还是星期一走?

(二)选择疑问句的回答

从问句提供的几种情况中用完全的句子回答。如:

Eg: —Were you fifteen or sixteen last year? 你去年是15岁还是16岁?

—I was sixteen last year. 去年我是16岁。

四、反意疑问句的概念与结构

(一)、反意疑问句的基本概念

表示问话人有一定看法,但不是完全肯定,需要对方证实;有时说话人还会用反意疑问句来加强陈述句的语气,并不要求对方回答。反意疑问句前面的陈述句部分用逗号和降调,疑问部分用问号,表示疑问时用升调,用来加强语气时用降调。

Eg: He is a student, isn’t he? 他是学生,是不是?(表示疑问,用升调)

The play is interesting, isn’t it? 这部戏很有趣,不是吗?(加强语气,用降调)(二)、反意疑问句的基本结构

反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个省略的疑问句。

如果陈述句是肯定的,反意疑问句用否定;如果陈述句是否定的,反意疑问句用肯定的。反意疑问句通常由两个词组成,第一个词是be、情态动词或助动词,若是否定式,not通常要用简略形式;第二个词是人称代词主格(与陈述句的主语相同) 。如:

Eg: Kate and Joan can swim, can’t they? 凯特和琼会游泳,是不是?

Tom won’t come, will he? 汤姆不会来,对吗?

(三)、反意疑问句的回答

要用yes或no回答,回答的内容是肯定的就用yes,回答的内容是否定的就用no,这与汉语不完全相同,同学们要特别注意。如:

Eg: —You will never forget him, will you? 你永远不会忘记他,是吗?

—Yes, I will. 不,我会忘记。

—No, I won’t. 是的,我不会忘记他。

(四)、英语反意疑问句的三种基本结构

结构一:肯定的陈述句+ 否定的简短问句?

Eg :It’s Monday today, isn’t it? 今天星期一,是吗?

He often goes to school by bike, doesn’t he? 他常常骑自行车上学,对吗?

They went to the park yesterday, didn’t they? 他们昨天去的公园,是吗?

用法说明:前面陈述部分是肯定形式,后面简短问句用否定形式。简短问句的主谓部分通常由陈述部分的主谓语来决定,即人称一致、时态一致。

对于反意疑问句的回答,总的一个原则是:不管问题的提法如何,只要

事实上是肯定的,就用yes 回答,事实上是否定的,就用no回答。但

当陈述部分是否定句时,回答译成汉语时不一样。这与汉语截然不同,

应特别注意。如:

Eg: —You don’t want to go out, do you? 你不想出去,对吧?

—Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 不,我想出去。/ 对,我不想出去。

结构二:否定的陈述句+ 肯定定的简短问句?

Eg: That isn’t your book, is it? 那不是你的书,是吗?

Jim doesn’t speak French, does he? 吉姆不会说法语,对吗?

用法说明:当陈述部分有hardly, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere 等否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。如:

Eg: He never said she would come, did he? 他从来没说她会来,是吗?

Nobody can answer the question, can they? 没有人能回答这个问题,是吗?

Few people know about it, do they? 几乎没有人知道有关这件事情,是吗?

You have never seen the film, have you? 你从来没看过这部电影,是吗?

Neither you nor I can work it out, can we? 你我都不能算出它,对吗?

结构三:祈使句+ 简短问句?

Eg: Stop talking, will you? 停止讲话,好吗?

Pass me the pen, will you / won’t you? 把这支钢笔传给我,好吗?

Don’t be late again, will you? 不要再迟到了,行吗?

Let us help you, will you? 让我们帮助你,好吗?

Let’s have a rest, shall we? 咱们休息一会儿,行吗?

用法说明:

1. 祈使句的反意疑问句,若前面是否定结构,则附加问句只能用will you。若前面是

肯定结构,附加问句用will you,也可用won’t / would / can / can’t you 或shall

we 等,它形式上是反意疑问句,但并不表示正式的疑问句,也不表示反意,而

是表示邀请或表示请求。如:

Eg: Close all the windows, will you / won’t you? 把所有的窗户都关上,好吗?

Don’t go to the park by bus, will you? 别乘公共汽车去公园,好吗?

2. let’s 用于提出建议并包括对方时,其附加问句用shall we。let us 表示征求对方

许可,其附加问句用will you。let + 第三人称时,其附加问句用will you。这种反

意疑问句往往用来表示进一步征求对方的意见,使口气变得客气、委婉一些。如:

Eg: Let’s go to see the pandas, shall we? 咱们首先去看熊猫,好吗?

Let us wait until 5:00, will you? 让我们等到5点,好吗?

五、英语选择疑问句的构成及用法

(一)、提出两个或两个以上的情况或事物来让听话人对它作出判断或选择,这样的疑问句就叫选择疑问句。这样的疑问句不能用yes 或no 来回答,只能从句子中选择一部分作为问题的答案。选择疑问句,or 前面的部分读升调,or 后面的部分读降调。如:Eg:—Are you a soldier or a worker? 你是士兵还是工人?

—I’m a worker. 我是工人。

选择疑问句有两种结构形式:

1. 一般疑问句+ or + 一般疑问句?如:

Eg: Have you been there or will you go there? 你是已经去过那儿还将要去那儿?

Can you speak English or can she speak English? 是你会讲英语还是她会讲英语?

当or后面的疑问句与or前面的疑问句有相同部分时,相同部分一般省略。如:

Eg: Will you go to work in Shanghai or (will you go to work ) in Shenzhen after your graduation? 你毕业以后是在上海工作还是去深圳工作呢?

2. Which / Who 所引导的特殊疑问句,A or B? 如:

Eg: Which do you like better, this one or that one? 你更喜欢哪一个,这一个还是那个?

Who are you waiting for, Li Lei or Li Ming? 你在等谁,是李蕾还是李明?

(二)、英语反意疑问句的回答及翻译

1. 肯定反意疑问句的回答

当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时,其回答往往与汉语不一致,需特别

引起注意:

Eg: "It isn’t cheap, is it?" "Yes, it is." “它不便宜吧?”“不,很便宜。”

"He doesn’t love her, does he?" "No, he doesn’t."“他不爱她,是吗?”“是的,他

不爱她。”

2. 否定反意疑问句的回答

当陈述部分为肯定式,反意疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只

需照情况回答即可:

Eg: "It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,对吗?”“对,是新的。”

"He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去,对吗?”“不,他不想去。”

3. 回答反意疑问句的原则

回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,如有人问你You are asleep, aren’t you?

你应回答No, I’m not. 因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你You aren’t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成Yes, I am.

六、英语特殊疑问句的用法

用特殊疑问代词或特殊疑问副词所引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。这种疑问句不能用yes 或no来回答,而应根据具体情况作具体回答。疑问句常用降调。

1. 疑问代词:

(1) what 问事物、情况或人的职业身份;如:

Eg: What’s that over there? 那边的那个是什么?

What do you like best? 你最喜欢什么?

What’s your favorite subject? 你最喜欢的是哪一学科?

注意特殊意义的特殊疑问句:

Eg: What day is it today? 今天星期几?

What’s the date today? 今天是几号?

What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?

What’s Lee like? 李像个什么样的人?(可以用来问相貌也可用来问人品)

What’s the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样?

What does sb. / sth. look like? 某人或某物是什么样子?(问外貌)

What do you think about sb. / sth. 你认为某人或某物怎么样?(询问你对某人或某

物的评价) 。

What will you go there for? 你去那儿干什么呢?(问目的)

What book do you want? 你想什么书?

(2) who 问人(作主语、宾语或表语) ,如:

Eg: Who’s the man speaking over there? 在那边说话的那人是谁?

(3) whom问人(作宾语) ,如:

Eg: Whom / who are you talking about? 你们在谈论谁?

(4) whose问人(作主语、宾语、表语或定语) ,如:

Eg: Whose is this? 这是谁的?

Whose bag is this? 这是谁的口袋?

Whose did you take? 你拿了谁的?

(5) which 问人或事物(表选择) ,如:

Eg: Which will you take? 你想拿哪一个?

Which one would like to buy? 你想买哪一个?

2. 疑问副词:

(1) how 问情况、方式、程度等,如:

Eg: How do you go to school? 你是怎么上学的?

How do work out the problem? 你是如何算出这道习题的?

注意具有特殊意义的疑问句:

How do you do? 你好吗?(初次见面用语)

How are you? 你好吗?(熟悉人之间的问候语)

How is your father? 你父亲好吗?(询问他人情况)

How do you like sth. / sb. ? / How do you find sth. / sb. ? 你认为某人或某东西怎么样?相当于What do you think about sb. / sth.

How can I get there? 我怎么去那儿?

How old are you? 你多大了?

How far is it from here to your school? 从这儿到你学校有多远?

How much is five and three? 五加三等于几?

How much is a kilo of pork? 一公斤猪肉多少钱?

How long is it? 它有多长?

How long will you stay there? 你讲在那儿呆多久?

How soon will you come back? 你过多就回来?

How often do you have a sports class? 你每隔多久上一次体育课。

(2) when 问时间,如:

Eg: When will you come here again?你什么时候再来?

(3) where 问地点、处所,如:

Eg: Where will you spend your holiday this summer? 今年夏天到哪里去度假?

(4) why 问原因,如:

Eg: Why do you not believe me? 你为什么不相信我呀?

六、五种特殊情况的反意疑问句

1. 当陈述部分是I’m…时。反意疑问句通常用aren’t I:

Eg: I’m wrong, aren’t I? 我错了,是吗?

I’m older than you, aren’t I? 我年纪比你大,对不对?

2. 当陈述部分是I wish…时。反意疑问句通常用may I:

Eg: I wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他们一起去,可以吗?

3. 当陈述部分为省略句时。反意疑问句的主语通常应视省略的情况而定:

Eg: A nice girl, isn’t she? 她是个好姑娘,对吧?

What a nice day, isn’t it? 天气真好,是吧?

4. 当陈述部分有used to时。反意疑问句可用used to或did:

Eg: He used to come here, usedn’t [didn’t] he? 他过去常来这儿,是吗?

5. 当陈述部分有had better时。反意疑问句用had:

Eg: He’d better leave here, hadn’t he? 他最好离开这儿,是吗?

(七)、陈述句变一般疑问句的方法

用yes或no来回答的疑问句,一般疑问句用升调。陈述句变为疑问句时分三种情况:

1. 陈述句中有系动词be、助动词be, have / has, do, will, would, shall, should, had或情态动

词can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought时,将这些系动词、助动词或情态动词移到句首,并在句末加上问号。如:

Eg :I’ll go to the History Museum this afternoon. —Will you go to the History Museum this afternoon? 今天下午你去了历史博物馆吗?

I visited Beijing last month. —Did you visit Beijing last month?

上个月你参观了北京吗?

在对疑问句进行回答时,须注意:

(1) 当回答could, would所提的问题时,一般用can, will. 如:

Eg: —Could you help me with my homework this evening? —Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

—Would you go there right now? —Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

在对方向你表示邀请时,可用OK, sorry等来替代Yes,No.

(2) 在对用may所提问题的否定回答时,一般用mustn’t / can’t;而在对用must所

提的问题进行否定回答时,一般用needn’t / don’t have to. 如:

Eg: —May I use your bike now? —Yes, you may. / No, you can’t. (mustn’t)

—Must I stay at school this afternoon?

—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t (don’t have to).

2. 原陈述中没有系动词be、助动词be, have / has, do, will, would, shall, should had或情态动词can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought时,则在句首加助动词Do的适当形式,同时,将谓语动词变为原形动词。如:

Eg: We speak Chinese. —Do you speak Chinese? 你讲汉语吗?

I went shopping yesterday.

—Did you go shopping yesterday? 昨天你去买东西了吗?

3. 原陈述句中,若谓语动词是have / has, 则须考虑have / has的意义。如果have / has

是“有”的意义时,变为疑问句时,既可在句首加Do的适当形式,也可将have / has,提到句首。如:

Eg: He has a beautiful pen.

—Has he a beautiful pen? / does he have a beautiful pen? 他有一只漂亮的钢笔吗?

但若have / has,的意思不是“有”时,变为疑问句时,则必须在句手加Do的适当形式。如

Eg: I have lunch at home. —Do you have lunch at home? 你在家吃中饭吗?

We had a meeting last night.

—Did you have a meeting last night? 昨天晚上你开会了吗?

4. 原陈述句中有情态动词used to时,它的一般疑问句,可将used移到句首;也可在

句首加Did 。如:

Eg: I used to go swimming in the river. —Did you use to go swimming in the river? / Used you to go swimming in the river? 你过去常常去那条河里游泳吗?

5. 当心need, dare两个动词。这两个动词既可以做情态动词又可以做行为动词。做情

态动词时,直接将它们移到句首。此时,若用need的问句,肯定回答时用must,否定回答时,用needn’t。若作行为动词,则用Do的适当的形式提问。如:

Eg: —Need I come here tomorrow?—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

—I need to go to school now. —Do you need to go to school now?

—Dare you tell your father about it?

—Do you dare to go out at night?

祈使句的反意疑问句的构成:

1. 基本原则

若陈述部分为祈使句,反意疑问句通常用will you, won’t you, would you等:

Eg: Mail the letter today, will you? 今天就把信发掉,好吗?

Try to be back by two, won’t you? 设法两点之前回来,好吗?

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Can he swim? 他会游泳吗? 二. 否定的一般疑问句。 Can't he drive? 他不是会开车吗? Can he not drive? 他不会开车吗? Isn't Kate a student? 凯特难道不是学生吗? Is Kate not a student? 凯特不是学生吗? Hasn't the rain stopped yet? 难道雨还没有停吗? Has the rain stopped yet? 雨还没停吗? 三. 回答否定形式的一般疑问句的注意事项: Isn't she very intelligent? 她难道不是很聪明吗? Yes, she is. 是的,她很聪明。 Is he not a student? 他不是学生吗?

Yes, he is. 不,他是学生。(错误的答语:No, he is.) 小窍门:在回答的时候,只要把它当成没有加以否定形式的普通一般疑问句一样看待。 选择疑问句 选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。这类疑问句由两部分组成: (一般疑问句)供选择的第一个部分 + 供选择的另一个部分 + ? Do you like to play football or basketball? 你喜欢踢足球还是打篮球? Shall we walk, or shall we go by bus? 咱们步行去,还是乘公共汽车去? Do you prefer apples, or pears, or plums, or cherries?

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①用作实意动词表示状态,如表示拥有、患病或用于have to 表示“必须”等,在构成构成式时可以直接将have, has, had置于句首,也可根据情况在句首使用do, does, did: Does he have [Has he] anything to say? 他有什么话要说吗? Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon? 你必须这么早走吗? Did you have [Had you] any friends then? 他当时有朋友吗? ②用作实意动词表示动作,如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drin k)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度过(=spend)”等,构成疑问式时不能将have提前至句首,而应在句首使用do, does, did: Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早餐吗? Did you have a good time at the party? 你在晚会上玩得高兴吗? ③用作助动词构成完成时态,其疑问式总是将have等置于句首: Have you finished your work? 你的工作做完了吗? Has he left when you arrived? 你到达时他已离开了吗? (3) 情态动词的疑问式。情态动词的疑问式通常是将情态动词置于句首: Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?

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将下列句子改成一般疑问句:并做肯定回答和否定回答1. It is a lovely dog. is lovely girl. 3. He is my father. 4. They are Lily’s cousins. 5. We are classmates. 6. I am a doctor. 7. There is a bird in the tree. 8. There are many stars in the sky. 9. They are good friends. 10. I love my parents. 11. I play computer games every night. 12. There are many books on the shelf. 13. There was an ostrich in the zoo. 14. We have a pleasant home. 15. We like to climb the mountain. 16. They go to church on Sunday. 17. They walk to school every morning. 18. It is a beautiful park. 19. It is a big map. 20. You were a singer.

有be(is , am, are)的就be+not 没有Be的就在主语的前面+do not或does not 把肯定句改为疑问句就是有be的就把be提到前面来, 没有be的就在句首加do或does Eg: I am a teacher. ----I am not a teacher. She likes does not like singing. You are you ten? They get up at seven o’ Do they get up at seven o’clock? 以be 开头的一般问句用yes , I am / No I’m not ….根据主语回答Eg: Is He a doctor? Yes ,he is./No he isn’t. Are they /you/ we late? Yes ,they/ you/we are No,they /you/we are not. 英语陈述句变一般疑问句练习题 ? 1. His father is an English teacher. 2. These cats are crying. 3. They can swim. 4. I like to read English. 5. I go to school on foot. 6. He likes English. 7. His father goes to work by bus.

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No I don't Can you speak French﹖ Yes I can No I can't May I go home now﹖ yes you may No you mustn't 将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be动词(am is are …)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。如: I'm in Class 2 Grade 1 Are you in Class 2 Grade 1? We're watching TV Are you watching TV﹖ 陈述句中有情态动词(can may must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如: He can swim now Can he swim now﹖

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2. 动词have的疑问式:动词have根据不同的时态和人称可以有have,has, had等形式,可以用作实意动词和助动词,分以下情况讨论: ①用作实意动词表示状态,如表示拥有、患病或用于have to表示“必须”等,在构成构成式时可以直接将have, has, had置于句首,也可根据情况在句首使用do, does, did: Does he have [Has he] anything to say?他有什么话要说吗? Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon?你必须这么早走吗? Did you have [Had you] any friends then?他当时有朋友吗? ②用作实意动词表示动作,如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度过(=spend)”等,构成疑问式时不能将have提前至句首,而应在句首使用do, does, did: Does he have breakfast at home?他在家吃早餐吗? Did you have a good time at the party?你在晚会上玩得高兴吗? ③完成时的一般疑问句 句型:Have(Has)+主语+动词的过去分词+~? Have you known her since your childhood? 你从童年就认识她吗? Yes,I have.是的。 No,I haven't.不。 过去完成时的一般疑问句 句型:Had +主语+动词的过去分词+~? Had he learned about two thousand English words before he came here? 他来这里以前就已经学了大约两千个单词了吗? Yes,he had.是的。 No,he hadn't.不。

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