it的用法
一、概述
在英语中，it的使用相当广泛，它既可用作代词，如人称代词（personal it）、指示代词（demonstrative it）及非人称代词（impersonal it）, 也可用作引导词（anticipatory it）和强调结构中的强调词（emphatic it）。
Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.有人在按门铃。去看看是谁。(人称代词)
----What’s this? 这是什么？
----It’s a book. 这是一本书。（指示代词）
What a long way it is from Beijing to London! 从北京到伦敦真远。（非人称代词）It' s best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer. 春天是植树的最佳时节，因为天气更暖和。（作引导词）
It was I who met him in the park last week. 是我上星期在公园遇到他的。（强调结构中的强调词）
二、it作代词
1、用作人称代词（personal it）
代替前文提到过的事物，it作真实主语或宾语。
The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. It is a cold-blooded one.青蛙不是温血动物，它是冷血动物。
My pen is missing. I can't find it anywhere. 我的笔丢了，我哪儿也找不到它了。
子说一声。
I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better. 我对这部电影很失望，我曾盼望它更好。
Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't help. 汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他要努力，但这没起作用。
2、用作指示代词（demonstrative it）
相当于this或that，it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。
----Who is knocking at the door? —谁在敲门？
----It's me. —是我。
I had a talk with the student. It was very helpful to her. 我和那个学生谈了次话，对她非常有帮助。
It happened during my stay in the United States. 事情发生在我在美国的时候。
----Whose exercise book is that? —谁的作业本？
----It's his. —是他的。
3、用作非人称代词（impersonal it）
代词it可用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。可指时间、距离、度量、价值、自然现象（天气、气体、阴暗等）。
----What's the time? —“几点了？”
----It's half past ten. —“十点半”（指时间）
It is rather cold today, isn't it? 今天很冷，是不是？（指天气）
----How far is it from here to the station? —从这儿到车站有多远？
----It's about two kilometers. ---大约两公里。（指距离）
It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。（指自然现象）
----What's the cost of the dictionary? 那本词典多少钱？
----It is sixty-three. 六十三元（指价值）
It did not snow much last winter. 去年冬天雪下得不多。（指自然现象）
三、it作引导词
1、作形式主语（formal subject）
当主语是动词不定式短语、动词的-ing形式短语和主语从句时，为了避免头重脚轻，往往把主语放在谓语动词之后，习惯上用it作形式主语来指代后面的真实主语。这个it称为引导词（anticipatory）it，作形式主语，放在谓语动词后的主语是真正的主语。
(1) 代替不定式短语
Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? 国庆节前完成这个设计有必要么？
In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. 事实上，在重要的足球比赛时，警察维持秩序很困难。
It's not easy to finish the work in two days. 两天之内完成这个工作不容易。
It is better to build houses on rock than on sand. 把房屋建在岩石上比建在沙地上要好。
It is not a good habit to stay up late. 开夜车不是个好习惯。
（2）代替动词-ing形式短语
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is dangerous walking on thin ice. 在薄冰上行走是危险的。
It won't be any help my going with you. 我跟你去也没什么帮助。
Is it any good trying again? 再试一次有用吗？
（3）代替主语从句
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 事实上，英语是公认的国际语言。
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the movie. 你没去看这个电影，真是可惜。
Has it been decided when we are to hold the sports meet? 我们啥时候开运动会决定了没有？
It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. 众所周知，克里斯托夫?哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
Does it matter if he can't finish the job on time? 如果他不能按时完成那工作要紧吗？
2、作形式宾语(formal object)
当复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing形式短语、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语的后面，而把引导词it放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语的中间。放在宾语补足语后面的宾语叫真正宾语，放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语中间的引导词it叫形式宾语。
I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 我认为不进行大量的记忆学好英语是不可能的。
He feels it his duty to help others. 他感到帮助别人是他的职责。
She found it very difficult to answer the question. 她发现很难回答这个问题。
People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends. 西方国家的人们习惯为他们的亲戚朋友买圣诞礼物。
The little boy found it very interesting to study English. 那小男孩发现学英语很有趣。
(2）it代替动词-ing形式短语
I think it no use telling them. 我认为告诉他们没用。
Do you consider it necessary sending more people over? 你觉得再派一些人去有必要吗？
We think it a waste arguing with him. 我们认为和他争吵是浪费时间。
(3)it代替从句
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full我讨厌人们说话时嘴里吃东西。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job. 他们想向公众表明，他们所做的工作既重要又有必要。
We think it necessary that we (should) attend the meeting. 我们认为我们去参加那个会议很有必要。
They found it strange that no one would take the money. 他们感到奇怪，谁也不要
四、it用在强调结构中
当我们要强调句子的某一部分（通常总是主语，宾语或状语）时，常用强调结构。其形式为“it is (was)+被强调的部分+who(that)+句子的其它成分”。在这种结构中，it无实际意义，它只帮助改变一个句子的结构，使某一成分受到强调。如I told her the news at the gate yesterday. 这个句子就可借助it改为下列几种形式，各强调一个不同的成分。
1、强调的成分
（1）强调主语
It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday. 昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的是我。
It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.是你的能力很重要，而不是你从哪来或者你是谁。
（2）强调宾语
It was her that I told the news at the gate yesterday. 昨天在大门口我告诉消息的是她。
It was a pen that he bought in the shop yesterday. 他昨天在哪家商店里买的是一支笔。
(3)强调地点状语
It was at the gate that I told her the news yesterday. 我昨天是在大门口告诉她这个消息的。
It was in the bookstore that I met your brother the other day. 前几天我是在书店遇到
(4)强调时间状语
It was yesterday that I told her the news at the gate. 我是昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的。
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.直到1920年才开始正规的收音机广播。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous film star. 直到她拿下墨镜我才认出她是著名的影星。
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 早在600年前第一座带有表面和时针的钟就造出来了。
2、使用“It is/was…that”强调句型要注意的几点
（1）被强调部分指人时，其后除了用that之外，也可用who或whom。强调的是主语时，使用who；强调的是宾语时，使用whom。
It was Mary who picked up the wallet. 是玛丽拾到了那个钱包。
It was one of my old schoolmates whom I visited yesterday. 我昨天去看的是我的一位老校友。
It was Jack that I met in the park last week. 我上星期在公园遇到的是杰克。
It was her that I met in the park yesterday. 昨天在公园时里我遇到的是她。
(2)强调句的时态
一般说来，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，则用句型“It is .... that(who, whom) ... 。”如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用句型“It was ...that(who, whom)....”
beauty. 只是在最近我在读他的诗时才开始欣赏到它的美。
It is Smith who is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 是史密斯先生明天去北京。
(3)在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when、where、why或how，只用that。
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us. 就是因为她母亲病了，她才没跟我们一起去。
It was in Shanghai that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1, 1921. 中国共产党是在上海于1921年7月1日建立的。
注意：可用“It is/was because…that…”结构强调because引导的原因状语从句，如上例所示，但不能用该结构强调由since或as引导的原因状语从句，如不能说:It is everybody is here that let's begin our discussion.也不能说: It was as it was raining hard that they had to stay at home.
（4）强调“not...until”结构
在强调“not...until”结构中由until短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型“It is/was not until ... that ... 。”其中that从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
My father did not come until 12 o’clock last night.
= It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.昨晚直到十二点我父亲才回家。
It was not until his father came in that the boy began to prepare his lessons. 直到她爸爸进来时，那个男孩才开始复习功课。
It was not until she came to see us that we knew her mother was ill in bed. 直到
（5）在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。
Did this happen in Guangzhou?
=Was it in Guangzhou that this happened? 此事是在广州发生的吗？
Was it in 1969 that the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon？是在1969年美国宇航员成功登上月球的吗？
（6）特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是：“疑问词+is/was it +that …？”
When did you get to know her?
=When was it that you got to know her? 你是在什么时候认识她的？
（7）可以强调方式状语和以because引导的原因状语从句。
It was unwillingly that he did it for me. 他是不情愿地替我做的那件事。
It was because he was ill that we had to come back early. 正是因为他病了，我们才不得不早归。
（8）可以强调宾语补足语，当连系动词不是be，表语部分是名词性词组时，也可使用这种结构强调表语，但是，当连系动词是be时，不能强调表语。
It is white that they painted the house. 他们把房子漆成的是白色。（强调宾语补足语）It is a chief engineer that he becomes now. 他现在担任的是总工程师。（强调表语）（9）强调句的谓语动词除了可采用现在时和过去时的单数形式外，有时根据需要还可采用复杂的形式。
It must have been Mary that you saw just now. 你刚才看到的一定是玛丽。
高中英语语法：It的完整用法精讲 it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 1. 人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如： 1）That vase is valuable. It's more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。 2）I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。 当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。如： 3）It's a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩？ it可用来指代团体。如： 4）The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal. 委员会已开过会，拒绝了这项建议。 it用以代替指示代词this, that.如： 5）--- What's this? --- It's a pen. —这是什么？—是一支钢笔。 6）--- Whose book is that? --- It's Mike's. —那是谁的书？—是迈克的。 2. 指示代词it，常用以指人。如： 7）Go and see who it is. 去看看是谁。 8）--- Who is making such a noise? —是谁发出这样的吵闹声？ --- It must be the children. —一定是孩子们。 3.虚义it无指代性，常用作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如： 9）It is half past three now. 现在是三点半钟。 10）It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 这里离最近的医院也有六英里。 11）It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark. 天气很冷；天下着雪，渐渐地变黑了。 it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如： 12）It's awful—I've got so much work I don't know where to start. 糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。 13）How is it going with you? 你近况如何？ 14）Take it easy. 不要紧张。 it也常用于下列结构： 15）It looks as if the college is very small. 看起来这个学院很小。 16）It seems as though our plan will be perfect. 似乎我们的计划很完善。 17）It's my turn. 该轮到我了。 it也常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具体意义。如：cab it 乘车catch it 受责，受罚come it 尽自己分内come it strong 做得过分walk it 步行make it 办成take it out of somebody 拿某人出气 4. 先行词it. it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用，先行词不重读。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。 （1）用作形式主语
It的用法（专项总结及训练） 一、人称代词 1，it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复: ①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 2.，也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子): ②Is this your dog？No, it isn’t. ③They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder 3.，也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景: ③I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.． 二、.非人称代词 1.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等： ⑴.指天气：It is a lovely day, isn’t it? ⑵.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back. ⑶.指日期:It is April First today. ⑷.指距离:It is some 3000 kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou. ⑸.指价值:It is three dollars. ⑹.指温度:Today it is 30 degrees centigrade. 三、其他用法 1.在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事： ①Who is it there? It's I (me/you/he.....). ②I thought it was Mary, but it was not she. ③Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 2.泛泛的指某件事：(有时泛指一般情况) ①It doesn’t matter. ②It is a shame, isn’t it? ③How is it going?(情况怎样) ④It says in the newspaper that...... 3.it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思 The last train's gone. Come on, we'll foot it.(来，咱们步行吧。) 四、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语： 1.作形式主语替代主语从句 ⑴It is clear ( obvious，true，possible，certain....) that 从句常译为＂┅清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂ It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. ⑵It is important ( necessary，right，strange，natural...) that 从句常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅).that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 ①It is important that we (should) learn English well.
高三英语第一轮复习：代词it的用法冀教版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 代词it的用法 二. 教学重点： （一） it的用法主要体现在以下几个方面：作为人称代词的it，先行代词的it，非人称代词的it以及强调句中的it和it的一些习惯用法。 1. it指代事物、群体、经验、活动等。可以代替一个词、词组或整个句子，以免重复。 That wasn’t where you had dinner，was it？ If you remember these points，it will help you. When can we come to visit you？Any time you feel like it. I love running. It keeps me fit. it也可指代婴孩或性别不详的人。 Do you hear a baby crying？Something must have hurt it. Who is making so much noise？It must be the children. Somebody is knocking at the door. I don’t know who it is. Who is it? 未见具体人，不同于Who is that ？见到具体某人，但不相识。 2. it用作非人称代词的主语，表示气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等或虚指的情境。 It’s Sunday tomorrow. It’s five miles to the nearest station from here. It was dull when Tom was away. It seems that no one would like to help you. Had it not been for my illness last week，I would have gone with them. 3. it常用作先行代词 代指不定式，可用作形式主语或形式宾语，以it作形式主语或形式宾语的动词有believe，consider，feel，find，imagine，make，regard，suppose，think等。 It is difficult to learn written Chinese. It is of great help to master a foreign language. It took me a week to recite the text. I find it quite necessary to make some changes. He thought it best to be on his guard. 代指动名词，可作形式主语或形式宾语，常用在下列句型中 It is no good（no use，useless）＋动名词 It is a waste＋动名词 代指名词性从句，该结构中的名词性从句可用that，when，who等引导。 It happened that they were away. She wants to make it clear whether you still love her or not. It is not known what caused the accident. Has it been found out who is the murderer？ It is believed／known／reported／said／supposed／thought that an egg is the equivalent of one pound of meat. 可转换为An egg is believed／known／reported／
倒装句 1. He was so careful that not a single mistake ______ in the test. A. he made B. he had ever made C. did he make D. he ever made 2. So loudly _____ that all the people in the room got a fright. A. she shouted B. did she shout C. she did shout D. she ever shouted 3. Not only ______ but also _____ the computer. A. could be type, could he operate B. could be type, he could operate C. he could type, could be operate D. he could type, he could operate 4. Higher and higher ______ and then it was out of sight. A. flew it B. it flew C. did it fly D. was it flying 5. It was not until _____ that _____. A. did mother satisfy his needs, Joe went to bed B. mother satisfied his needs, did Joe go to bed C. mother satisfied his needs, Joe went to bed D. did mother satisfy his needs, did Joe go to bed 6. “Einstein became world famous for his work on mathematical theory relativity.? “___________.” A. So did he B. So he did C. He did so D. He did so 7. If you don’t go shopping tomorrow, ______. A. neither will I B. nor I will C. neither do I D. nor do I 8. _____ when he heard the bell for class. A. Away the boy hurried B. Away did the boy hurry C. Away hurried the boy D. Hurried away the boy 9. One can’t think of Africa without thinking of Egypt, _____ of Egypt without the Nile. A. and B. either C. too D. nor 10. _____ that morning that the highway was blocked. A. So was the snow heavy B. So heavy the snow was C. So heavy was the snow D. Was the snow so heavy 11. Little ______ years ago that I would be sitting here today as a chief engineer. A. I thought B. did I think C. I did think D. thought I 12. He ______ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. A. has no sober got B. no sooner got C. will no sooner get D. had no sooner got 13. ______, I have ne ver seen anyone who’s as capable as John. A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much 14. Only when the war was over _____ to his home town. A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return 15. The little time we have together we try ____ wisely. A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend d. spending that 16. No sooner _____ than the fire broke out. A. he had left B. had he left C. his leaving D. he left 17. Not until the late 1940s _____ China’s history _____ a great turning point. A. did, come to B. had, come to C. that, came to D. was, brought 18. Only after she got off the bus, _____ that _____ her handbag on the seat. A. she found, she had lost B. did she find, had she lost C. did she realize, she had left D. she realized, had she left 19. Not only ____ polluted but _____ crowded. A. was the city, were the streets B. the city was, were the streets C. was the city, the streets were D. the city was, the streets were 20. Only after he came back ____ what had happened.
巩固练习 Ⅰ. 把下面句子译成英语，注意it的用法。 1. 过了很久他才回来。 ________________________________________________________________________ 2. 我们两个月后才会再见面。 ________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我离开这所学校已经20年了 ________________________________________________________________________ 4. 直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是个著名影星。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5. 是约600年前第一块带有表盘(face)和一个时针（hour hand）的钟表被制造出来的。________________________________________________________________________ 6. 昨天是他们打扫的教室。 ________________________________________________________________________ 7. 我是在大街上遇见她的父亲的。 ________________________________________________________________________ 8. 我们弄清楚了我们要在何时何地开会。 ________________________________________________________________________ 9. 据说所有的票都卖完了。 ________________________________________________________________________ 10. 我们真的该采取行动了。 ________________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ. 从方框中选出能够填入空白处的合适的连接词。 since, before, after, that, where, which 1. The weather turned out to be very good, _______ was more than we could expect. 2. It was not until ten o'clock ______ we got home last night． 3. Look at the building. It was the theatre _______ Lincoln was murdered. 4. Could it be in the restaurant in______ you had dinner with me yesterday_______ you left behind your keys and wallet? 5. It's years ______I painted this beautiful picture. 6. It will be years ______ I paint this beautiful picture. 7. It was years ______ I painted this beautiful picture. 8. It's for years ______ I have painted this beautiful picture. 9. It worried the mother a lot _______ her son drove so fast. 10. I think it important ______ you should attend the conference. Ⅲ. 单项选择。 1. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter ____ I am talking to. A．who is it B．who it is C．it is who D．it is whom 2. It was the ability to do the job _______ matters not where you e from or what you are.
it的用法： ⑴it用作人称代词：指代前面已经提到过的动物、事物、小孩或性别/身份不明的人，但应注意：指宠物时常用he/she，指大动物（马、大象等）可以用he/she；指祖国或家乡时，常用she. 注意句子：He failed in the examine，and it worried him. He failed in the examine. It worried him. He failed in the examine，which worried him. ⑵it用作非人称代词：常常用作句子的主语，可以指时间、距离、价格、长度、重量、日期、星期、月份、季节、气候等。 ⑶it用作形式主语或形式宾语：根据句子结构的需要，人们常用it作形式主语或宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语（不定式短语、动词-ing短语或名词性从句）放在句末。注意it作形式主语的常见结构有： ①It+ be + adj/n（for sb）to do sth. ②It +be + adj of sb to do sth. ③It +be + adj /n+ doing sth（一般限于名词fun，good，luck，joy，use，pleasure 或形容词foolish，wonderful，good，nice，interesting，useless，worth等作 表语时，才用it作形式主语，将真正的动名词主语后置） ④It +be + adj./n + that-clause. ⑤It +be+过去分词（如said，proved，known，believed，reported，thought，hoped， decided，announced, suggested，ordered，demanded，proposed，requested，advised 等）+that-clause.注意如果表语是划线部分的词，从句应该用虚拟语气。 ⑥It takes sb some time to do sth. ⑦It seems/looks as if…. ⑷it用在强调句型中： 强调句型“It is/was + 被强调部分 + 其他”的用法 ①这一句型可以强调除谓语、表语、定语和同位语以外的任何部分；如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who/that，如果被强调的部分是事物，只能用that。如：It was I who/that came here late this morning. It is a book that is on the desk. ②注意该句型不能强调让步状语从句；强调原因状语从句时，只能用because，不能用
英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称 之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的 后面，这称之为部分倒装。 一、部分倒装 1否定副词位于句首时的倒装 在正式文体中，never seldom rarely little hardly scarcely no sooner no longer nowhere 等含有否 定意义副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装。 ① I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。 ② He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。 ③ She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没 时间听音乐。 ④ He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。 ⑤ We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场，飞机就起飞了。 注意事项： 1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序。 He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。 2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装。 ① On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。 ② In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。 但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序。 In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。 2“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装 当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序。 ① Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 ② Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。 ③ Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了 什么事。 3“so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装 副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装。 ① So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。 ② So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它 的速度。 ③ So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。4“so+助动词+主语”倒装 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种 倒装结构。 ① You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。 ② She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 ③ If he can do it so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。
高考英语语法知识之It 的用法总结 1．It is + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。 如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2．It was not until + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3．It is clear ( obvious, true, possible,certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ... 由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。It is said that he has come to Beijing. 6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ... 主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．． It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人第几次做某事了＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10 It is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that + ….. 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人做过的最…的事情＂。 This is the best film that I have ever seen . That was the worst song that he had heard . 11. It is .... since ...
高考中倒装句易考、易混点归纳与解析新教材和近几年的高考题，都强调语言的交际性和实用性，但高考并没有完全放弃语言形式，语言知识的测试。倒装句是历年高考的重要语法项目之一，仅2005年，倒装句考查的分值就高达10分，其重要性可见一斑。下面就高三一轮复习中对倒装句加以整体归纳，并就高考中倒装句易考、易混点加以解析。倒装句可分为完全倒装、部分倒装、9种特殊句式及表语前置几种形式。 一、完全倒装，就是将谓语动词完全搬到主语之前，它可以分3种形式： (1)、方式副词out in up down away 置于句首需用倒装表强调。例如： Out went the children Away flew the plane . (2)、there here now then 置于句首需用倒装。例如： There goes the bell ! Now comes your turn 注：此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时 (3)表示地点和相当于地点的副词和介词短语置于句首，例如： South of the river lies a small factory In this chapter will be found the answers to those questions. 注：①全部倒装的句子谓语常为不及物动词 ②全部倒装符合“名倒代不倒”的原则，即：名词做主语倒装，代词做主语不倒装。 二、部分倒装，就是把谓语动词的一部分置于主语之前，其倒装部分的结构常为： 系动词(am/is/are/was/were)+主语+其它（表语部分） 助动词(do/does/did/will/would)+主语+动词原形 助动词(have/has/had)+主语+动词的过去分词 情态动词(can/ may /need……)+主语+动词原形 共分为2种： (1)only+状语（副词、介词短语、做状语的名词或短语及when where how why等引导的状语从句）置于句首时。如： Only this afternoon did I finish the novel。 Only then did he understand it 。 Only after the war did he learn the sad news。 Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in 。 注：①only只有后跟状语时才用倒装句 ②only后跟状语从句时，倒装的是主句，而不是从句。 如：Only when did he return did we find out the truth(×) Only when did he return we found out the truth(×) (2)否定词never 、nor、not、hardly 、little、seldom、at no time、many a time、not once 等置于句首时。如： Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark。 Not a single mistake did he make 。 Never before have I seen such a moving film。 注：部分倒装不考虑主语是名词还是代词 三、部分倒装句的9个特殊句型。 (1)、so引导的倒装句，时态、谓语形式应与前句保持一致，其结构为： So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语/、、、、, and so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语/、、、、、so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 意义为“、、、、、也如此”,倒如：
倒装句练习 1. Not until the early years of the 19th century______ what heat is. (MET89) A. man did know B. man knew C. didn’t man know D. did man know 2. Not until I began to work ______how much time I had wasted. (MET90) A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize D. I realized 3. ---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? --- I don’t know, ______. A . nor don’t I care B nor do I care C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also 4. Not only ______ polluted but ______ crowded. （上海1991） A.was the city; were the streets B. the city was; were the streets C. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; the streets were 5. Not until all the fish died in the river ______ how serious the pollution was. （NMET1995） A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize 6. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life ____ so happy. (2000 上海春招) A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt 7. Not only ____ interested in football but_____ beginning to show an interest in it.（20XX年上海春招） A. the teacher himself is ; all his students are B. the teacher himself is ; are all his students C. is the teacher himself ; are all his students D. is the teacher himself ; all his students are 8. ______ can you expect to get a pay rise. （2001京皖蒙春） A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard 9. Only when the war was over _____ to his hometown. （上海2001春季） A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return 10. Only in this way _____ progress in your English. (MET 84) A. you make B. can you make C. you be able to make D. will you able to make 11. ---David has made great progress recently. ---_____, and ______. （97上海） A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have 12. So ____ that no fish can live in it. （92上海） A. the lake is shallow B. shallow the lake is C. shallow is the lake D. is the lake shallow 13. So difficult _____it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel（2001上海） 14. _______，I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John. （2001上海） A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much 15. Had I known her name，___________ .(1992上海) A.or does she know mine B.and where does she live C.she would come here D.I would have invited her 16. Never in my wildest dreams these people are living in such poor conditions．(06安徽)