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定语从句的口诀详解

定语从句的口诀详解
定语从句的口诀详解

一、定语从句“口诀一”详解

定语从句真奇妙,

关系代(副)词来引导,

定语从句分两种,

是否限定看逗号。

该口诀的意思是,定语从句由关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(w here, when, why)来引导。请同学们牢记这8个词。

定语从句分“限制性定语从句”和“非限制性定语从句”两种,前者表示与主句的关系比较密切,它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况。如果去掉,则会影响句子意思的完整。后者表示与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加说明而已。如果去掉,主句意思仍然清楚完整。它跟主句之间常用逗号分开,翻译时通常不译作定语,而是单独译成与主句并列的句子。请比较:

Tom is a boy who often helps others.汤姆是一个经常帮助别人的男孩。(who ofte n helps others是限制性定语从句。如果去掉,Tom is a boy.这个句子就没什么意义。)

Yesterday I met Tom, who seemed a little upset. 昨天我见到了汤姆,他看起来有点心烦意乱。(who seemed a little upset是非限制性定语从句。如果去掉,Yesterday I met Tom.仍有意义。)

又如:

A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.医生就是负责人们健康的人。

This is the diamond which the lady has lost.这就是那位女士丢失的钻石。

The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. 我学习了仅两年的那所学校离家3公里远。

I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。

(以上为限制性定语从句)

Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War. 昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影,它是关于第二次世界大战的。

My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometers from here.我的父母住我的家乡,离这里大约30公里。

Alice, who is a distant relative of mine,studies in Yale now. 爱丽丝是我的一位远房亲戚,她现在耶鲁学习。

The house, where a murder case happened last year,has got a lovely garden. 那栋房子有一个漂亮的花园,去年那里发生过一起谋杀案。

(以上为非限制性定语从句)

二、定语从句“口诀二”详解

which指物who指人,

地点where时间when,

that人或物均可,

why之前是reason。

该口诀的意思是,选用什么样的关系代词(或关系副词),是由先行词决定的。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词;连接先行词和定语从句的词叫做关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词),也叫引导词。关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,而且也充当定语从句中的一个成分。例如:

They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. 他们种植了一些不大需要水的树木。(which指物)

The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. 昨天参观我们学校的那位外国人来自加拿大。(who指人)

This is the house where the old scientist once lived. 这是那位老科学家曾经居住过的房子。(为了押韵才说“地点where”。意思是说,先行词是地点时,关系词用where。)

I will never forget the day when I joined the Youth League. 我将永远不会忘记我加入团的那一天。(为了押韵才说“时间when”。意思是说,先行词是时间时,关系词用wh en。)

Do you know the man that is reading a book over there? 你认识正在那儿读书的那个人吗?(that人或物均可)

This is a supermarket that sells a variety of goods. 这是一家出售各种各样商品的超市。(that人或物均可)

I don’t know the reason why he is late. 我不知道他迟到的原因。(为了押韵才说“wh y之前是reason”。意思是说,先行词是原因reason时,关系词用why。)

【注意】当定语从句由关系副词where, when或why引导时,可以用“介词+which”代替。例如:

This is the house where the old scientist once lived. = This is the house in which t he old scientist once lived.

I will never forget the day when I joined the Youth League. = I will never forget th e day on which I joined the Youth League.

She came around to explain the reason why she was absent from the meeting. = She came around to explain the reason for which she was absent from the meeting.

【注意】并非所有的地点、时间或原因,后面的定语从句都要用where, when或why

引导。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,那么,就要用that或which引导。例如:This is the house that/which (不用where) my father built last year. 这是我父亲去年

建造的房子。(作定语从句的宾语)

Do you still remember the days that/which (不用when) we spent in the countryside? 你是否还记得我们在乡下度过的那些日子吗?(作定语从句的宾语)

I won’t listen to the reason that/which (不用why)you have given us. 我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。(作定语从句的宾语)

三、定语从句“口诀三”详解

从句当中作宾语,

whom可以代替who,

为了句子更简练,

关系代词可省去。

该口诀的意思是,如果关系代词在定语从句中作了宾语,那么就可以省略。此时,指人的关系代词whom可以代替who,当然也都可以省略。具体地说,who和whom二者都用于指人。语法规定,who在定语从句中作主语,whom在定语从句中作宾语。但在现代英语中,作定语从句宾语时,用who和whom都可以。例如:

The boy who made a speech just now is my best friend.刚才讲话的那个男孩是我最好的朋友。(who在从句中作主语,不可省略)

I have many friends (who/whom) I can turn to for help when in trouble.我有很多在

困难时刻可以求助的朋友。(who/whom在从句中作宾语,可以省略)

【注意】在从句中作介词的宾语且介词提到之前时,只能用whom,不能用who。如:I have many friends to whom I can turn for help when in trouble.我有很多在困难时刻可以求助的朋友。

The river which/that runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure.穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来了很多欢乐。(which/that在从句中作主语,不可省略)Do you remember the holiday (which/that) we spent together? 你记得我们一起度过的那个假期吗?(which在从句中作宾语,可以省略)

The message (which/that) you are looking for is in today's China Daily.你找的信息就在今天的《中国日报》上。(that, which在从句中作宾语,可以省略)

又如:

The fish (which/that) I cooked was very delicious. 我做的那条鱼味道鲜美。

The girl (who/whom/that) you saw yesterday is my girlfriend. 你昨天见到的那个女孩是我的女朋友。

四、定语从句“口诀四”详解

关系若是表所属,

whose用法不可无。

除此之外还有啥?

whom, which加of。

该口诀的意思是,如果先行词与后面的名词是所属关系,那么要用whose来引导。who se指人也指物,它表示先行词与它所修饰的词是所有关系,本身在定语从句中作定语。

I want to help the children, whose parents were injured or died in the earthquake. 我想帮助那些孩子们,他们的父母在地震中伤亡。

We must repair the desks and chairs whose legs are broken. 我们必须修理那些断了腿的桌子和椅子。

除了用whose表所属关系以外,在whom和which前加of也是一个不错的办法。上面两句可以这样表达:

I want to help the children, whose parents were injured or died in the earthquake.

=I want to help the children, of whom the parents were injured or died in the earth quake.

=I want to help the children, the parents of whom were injured or died in the earth quake.

We must repair the desks and chairs whose legs are broken.

=We must repair the desks and chairs of which the legs are broken.

=We must repair the desks and chairs the legs of which are broken.

此外,下面是我们常见的一些类似的表达:

I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea.

I'd like a room of which the window looks out over the sea.

We rushed over to help the driver whose car had broken down.

We rushed over to help the driver the car of whom had broken down.

We rushed over to help the driver of whom the car had broken down.

五、定语从句“口诀五”详解

关系代词不一般,

介词经常用在前,

此时不用that, who,

which, whom才安全。

该口诀的意思是,介词经常用在关系代词的前面。这时,关系代词无论指物或者指人,一律不用that, 也不用who,而必须用which或whom。“介词+which”是定语从句中常见的语言现象,也是学生不易掌握的一个语法项目,关键是这个“介词”较难确定。但它是有规律可循的,主要有以下几种情况:

1. 根据时间、地点、原因跟介词的关系,用“介词+which”替代when, where, why

(1) 代when

I'll never forget the day on which (=when) my son was born.我永远忘不了我儿子

出生的那一天。(on根据on the day确定)

The year in which(=when) the earthquake happened was 2008. 发生地震的那年是20 08年。(in根据the year确定)

(2) 替代where

This is the office in which(=where) I used to work. 这就是我过去工作过的办公室。(in根据the office确定)

He forgot the exact spot on which(=where) he had hidden the jewelry. 他忘记了埋藏珠宝的确切地点。(on根据the spot确定)

(3) 替代why

I'd like you to explain the reason for which(=why) you refused my offer.我想让你解释一下你拒绝我的帮助的原因。(for根据the reason确定)

2. 根据与先行词搭配的具体意义确定介词

I'll never forget the time during which I was with my friends in the country.我永远不会忘记和朋友们一起在乡村度过的时光。(during根据the time确定)

I will offer you a better way in which you can do the job.我要给你提供一个做这项工作较好的办法。(in根据a better way确定)

3. 根据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配确定介词

She bought several clothes, on which she spent all her money.她买了几件衣服,这些衣服花光了她所有的钱。(on根据spend…on确定)

It is the grammar rules of which I am not sure.

我没有把握的就是语法规则。(of根据be sure of确定)

4. 根据定语从句所表达的具体意思确定介词

Can you see the river across which there is a bridge?你能看见上面有座桥的那条河?

He is swimming in the river, on which there is a boat.他在那条河里游泳,河面上有一只小船。

Here is the river in which I used to swim.这儿就是我过去常在里面游泳的那条河。

【注意】

有些“动词+介词”短语被视为一个固定的词组,不可分割。这时不能把介词置于关系代词前,如:listen to, look at, look for, look after, care for, hear from, send for 等。

This is the right book for which I'm looking. (误)

This is the right book that I'm looking for. (正)

此外,除了“介词+ which”以外,如果定语从句的先行词是“人”,那么也可以用“介词+ whom”引导定语从句,例如:

Mary is the girl for whom I bought this gift. 玛丽就是我为其买礼物的女孩。

The person to whom you talked just now is his father. 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是他父亲。

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最新巧记英语语法的小口诀

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/evening) 若是某日上下午,也是用on才能行。 (如:on the evening of the Mid-autumn Day) 正午、夜里用at,(如:at noon, at night) 时、分用法也同理。(如:, at two, at two)如若“差”点须加to,(如:two to two) 如若“过”点改past。(如:half past one) 多说勤练牢牢记,学好英语非儿戏。 五. 谓语be的用法:我用am,你用are 除此之外的单数包括他她还有它统统都是用is 我们你们和他们只要复数都用are 六. 一般疑问句和否定句的变化一般问句并不难,谓语调到主语前。大写小写有变化,句末要把问号加。第一人称常变二。否定句就更简单,中间加上一not,谓语动词提到前。 七. 现在进行时:现在进行时很好记,结构be+动词ing。 be由主语来决定,句中常用标志词, now,look,listen! 八. 一般现在时:肯定句的现在式。不是三单用原形,是三单就加s,es,若是否定疑问句,没有be就加个do,碰到三单加does。如把does加在前,动词就要还原形。 九. 一般过去时:肯定句的过去式。规则动词加ed,不规则的必须记。否定形式疑问句,没有be加did。如把did 加在前,动词也要还原形。

定语从句的口诀详解

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定语从句的基本用法

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巧记英语语法口诀

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英语学习顺口溜--英语小儿歌

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六个爆破音:〔p〕,〔b〕;〔t〕,〔d〕;〔k〕,〔g〕 六个破擦音:〔ts〕,〔dz〕,〔tr〕,〔dr〕,〔t〕,〔d〕 十个摩擦音:〔f〕,〔v〕,〔θ〕,〔〕,〔s〕,〔z〕,〔∫〕,〔〕,〔h〕,〔r〕 ③拼读口诀:辅音轻读元音重,两音相读猛一碰。 二、词类 1、形容词性物主代词变名词性物主代词: 一变、二留、四S。 一变:my-mine二留:his-his,its-its 四S:your-yours her-hers our-ours their-theirs 2、数词变化规律及读法口诀 两大数词基和序,前表数量后第几。构成先谈基数词,1至12请认真记。 13至19teen结尾齐,ty结尾表几十。若要表达几十几,几十短横1到9。 One hundred 一百记,若表几百几十几。几百and几十几,基数规律上述里。再把序数谈仔细,第一至三独立记。第四至十九结尾th,第廿到九十有规律。 基数基础y变ieth。第几十几有特例,第几十由基数起,几用序数有道理。 第一百one hundred。若说第一百几十几。One hundred and第几十几。谈此即告一段落。 序有缩式莫忘记,上述须用心体味。 3、be 的用法口诀 我用am,你用are,is连着他,她,它; 单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。

巧记定语从句中只用that 的情况

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巧记英语语法口诀

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6、名词变复数 单数变为复数式, 加上“s”统言之。 下列结尾名词后, 要加“s”先加“e”: 发音[∫][t∫][s]和[z], 或是辅音加“o”时。 有些名词变复数, 词尾变化要注意: “y”前字母是辅音, 一律变“y”为“ie”; 遇到“f / fe”, 有时需要变“ve” 少数名词不规则, 特别情况靠硬记。 7、时间名词前所有介词的速记 年月周前要用 in, 日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用“on”, 上午下午又是“in”。 要说某日上下午, 用 on 换 in 才能行。 午夜黄昏用 at, 黎明用它也不错。 at 也在时分前, 说“差”用 to, 说“过”要用 past。 8、介词用法歌 介词加宾语, 才能有实意。 表、定、状、宾、补, 词组在句里。 9、介词顺口溜 in 在……里, out 在……外, 在旁边的是 beside, 靠近的为 by。 on 在……上, under 在……下, above 在上头, below 在底下。 10、be的用法歌 动词be,变化大, “I”用“am”“You”用“are”

定语从句巧记口诀

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9.关系副词when/where/why, 从中做状莫懈怠; 时间用when原因why,地点where经常在; 关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代; 关系代,关系代,that与who要除外; 挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行; 聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副; 关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住; 它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷; 10.只记上边不可以,特殊情况告诉你; 先行用way 做状语, in which/ that /略可以; one of +复做先行,从中谓语复数明, one前若有only/very, 从中谓语定用单; 定从名从可转换,all that被what换; 定语从句巧记口诀分段解析: 1. 定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号; 定语从句分为两大类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,区分它们有两个标准: 1)从内容上看,限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,去掉后意思就不完整了;非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。2)从形式上看,限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开,而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。请看例句: The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(限制性) The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the field.(非限制性) 解析:第一句中的who is wearing a blue necklace是限制性定语从句,没有逗号,不能去掉,否则意思不完整。 定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜; 例句: 1)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 有人要和你讲话。 2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands.那些赞成计划的举起了手。 3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.

英语语法顺口溜,太有用了!(家长为孩子赶紧收藏)

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可数名词复数特殊变化规律 中日好友来聚会, 绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。 男士、女士a变e; 牙(齿)、脚双o变双e; 孩子们想去天安门, 原形后面r、e、n; 老鼠本来爱大米, mice,ice和rice. 注:中Chinese,日Japanese,好友people. 绵羊sheep,鹿deer,鱼fish(这些单词单复数一样)man--menwoman--women tooth--teethfoot--feet child--childrenmouse--mice

一般现在时态(一) I、we、you、they作主语, 动词原形后面跟; 否定句,更容易, 动词前面加don't; 疑问句,别着急, 句首Do,来帮你, 后面问号别忘记; 肯定回答用Yes, I、we、you、they加上do; 否定回答要用No, I、we、you、they加don't.

定语从句的基本用法1

A good student A developing country A developed country A 5-star friend A man named Chuck A language widely used 定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的主谓结构(完整的基本句子结构-----五种句型)。 ↓↓ (主句之中)先行词关系词+其它成分 ↓ 在定语从句中必须担当一个成分。 ↓ 定语从句中缺啥就补啥 定语从句(The Attributive Clause) ( (二)关系代词的作用 1. 关系代词:用来连接定语从句,并在从句中代表先行词的代词。 先行词是物:which that 先行词是人:who that ※由who, whom, whose引导的定语从句。这类定语从句中who用作主语,whom作宾语,whose作定语。 e.g. This is the man who helped me. The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room. Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? ※在定语从句中,若先行词指人,其关系代词可用who, whom, 也可用that。 e.g. The girl who/that is speaking at the meeting is our monitor. The boy (who/whom/that) you saw just now is my brother. 3. 关系代词的具体用法及作用 1).who指人,在从句中做主语。 如:The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2). whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 如:Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。 如:The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3). which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时可省略

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