Lesson7 :
Simile:
1.their high calls rising like the swallows? crossing flights over the music
and the singing--simile（Para 1, line 11）
2.The crowds along the racecourse are like a fields of grass and flowers
in the winds.---simile(Para 6,line112)
3.Children dodged in and out, their high calls risi ng like the swsllows' crossing flights over the mus ic and the singing.
Metaphor:
1.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air, under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor（Para 1, line 22）
2.The air of morning wasa€|under the dark blue of the sky.
In the silence of the broad green meadows one coul da€|broke out into the great joypus clanging of th e bells.
Irony:
1.To exchange all the goodness and grace of every life in Omelas for
that single, small improvement; to throw away the happiness of thousands for the chance of the happiness of one: that would be to let guilt within the walls indeed.(paragraph 10)
2.I thought at first there were no drugs, but that is
puritanical.(para3)
3.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they
begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality, and to accept it.(para12)
Personification:
1.They flared their nostrils and pranced and boasted to one another, they were vastly excited, the horse being the only animal who has adopted our ceremonies as his own.(paragraph 1)
Transferred aepithet:
The others never come close, but peer in at it with frightened, disgusted eyes. (P8.)
The faces of small children are amiably sticky; in the benign gray beard of a man a couple of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled.(P4.)
Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality, and to accept it.
(Lesson 7; Pa12 )
Alliteration: It has been afraid too long ever to be free of fear.
(Lesson 7; Pa12 )
Alliteration:
These young spectators are always shocked and sickened at the sight.
To exchange all the goodness and grace of every life in Omelas for that
single.
Lesson8:
Metaphor：
1.Englishness, ailing and impoverished, in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars.
2.a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full colour.
3. Some cancer in their character has eaten away theie Englishness.
4. This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English, and at the same time, below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow -feeling ……
5. But it is safe to say that while English may reluctantly accept bigness, its monsters are never heartily welcomed.
6. A futher necessary demand, to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits, is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.
7.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have
fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline havingvanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.(Para.11)
8.But it needs reinforcement, extra nourishment, especially now when our public life seems ready to starve it.(Para.14)
9..Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly
campaigns...(Para.14)
10.But those roots must be needing nourishment.( Para.15)
11..Enghlishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality, the latest figures of profit and loss, a constant appeal to self-interest. (Para.15)
Antithesis：
1. And there is now not only Industrial bigness; there is also scientific bigness, needing more and more to discover less and less. Transferred epithet:
1.America has shown us too many desperately worried executives dropping into early graves. (para.5)
Euphemism:
1.America has shown us too many desperately worried executives dropping into early graves, too many exhausted salesmen taking refuge in bars and breaking up their homes. (para.5)
Metonymy：
1.But there not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor ……
2. Whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair. (lesson 8. P15)
Personification:
Recent years have “robbed us of immortal things”. (P ara.15)
Simile:
...who seem to regard politics as a game but not one of their games-polo,let us say.(Para.14)
Synecdoche:
Otherwise they could soon learn, in the worst way,that heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics.(Para.14) Lesson11:
Metaphor:
1.It is the science of planetary housekeeping. （Lesson11 , Para.3）
2.If the helmsman turns the rudder too far in response to a small deflection of the compass–which signals the helmsman to correct his overreaction by an opposite movement.（Lesson11 ，Para.6）
3..the ecological network is an amplifier（Lesson11,Para.18）Simile:
The operation of the ecological cycle, like that of the ship, soon brings the situation back into balance. ( Lesson11, Para.7)
Alliteration:
If the entire cyclical system is to remain in balance, the overall rate of turnover must be governed by the slowest step-----in this case, the growth and metabolism of the fish. (Lesson11 , Para14）
一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils )我像一朵浮云独自漫游。They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ① “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“C an I have these old quilts?” ② Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③ My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④ The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤ I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish（粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （1）metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats )教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ① It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ② Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③ main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④ The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤ Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥ We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke（枷锁）. （2）metonymy 借代，转喻 用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。 The White House has denied the report that more troops will be sent to Iraq. He lives by the pen. (=writing). 他以写作为生。 He is too fond of the bottle (=drinking). 他太贪杯了。 ① The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's" ② ...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe（镐） （3）synecdoche 提喻 以部分指代整体
Unit 1 Where Do I Go from Here? 1.Antithesis: 1)···so that love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love. 2)As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs. free) 3)Let us be dissatisfied until···will be judged on the basis of content of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin. 4)There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair. 5)Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterday of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorrow. 2.Parallel structure: 1)The tendency to ignore the Negro’s contribution to American life and to strip him of his personhood is as old as the earlier history books and as contemporary as the morning’s newspaper. (Para.5) 2)Let us realize that William Cullen Bryant is right: “Truth crushed to```” Let us go out to realizing that··· 3.Metaphor： 1)The negro will only be free when he reaches···and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation 2)We are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life’s marketplace. 3)Personal conflicts among husbands，wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated. 4)Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps pf history, and every family is living in a decent sanitary home. 5)He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. 6)There will be still rocky places of frustration and meandering points of bewilderment. 7) A high blood pressure of creeds 8)The battering rams 4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.------Parallel structure and Antithesis 5.It is something like improving the food in the prison which the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars.------ simile 6.Without recognizing this we will end up solutions that don’t solve, answers that don’t answer and explanations that don’t explain.-------Paradox and Parallel structure 7.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.-----Metaphor(compare the long history of slavery to a long night)、Antithesis (psychological freedom vs. physical slivery) 8.Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice.
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4)metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.、metaphor simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed:“ Get us through this mess, will You”(Para. 17)alliteration 5. It seized a 600,000-gallon personification Gulfport oil tank and dumped it miles away. 6.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. simile 、onomatopoeia( 拟声 ) 7.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.（Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. （P ara. 20） simile 、 personification 9.and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. simile and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2)Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3)Synecdoche
高英修辞手法 Personification: 1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you... 2. dancing flashes 3. the beam groan ... and protesting 4. where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, 5. life dealt him profound personal tragedies... 6. the river had acquainted him with ... 7. ...to literature's enduring gratitude... 8. ...an entry that will determine his course forever... 9. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. 10. Personal tragedy haunted his entire life. Hyperbole 1) ... takes you ...hundreds even thousands of ye ars 2) innumerable lamps 3) with the dust of centuries 4) I see the ten thousand villages … 5) ...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom... 6) America laughed with him. 7) . The trial that rocked the world 8) His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world. 9) Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.
一、Metaphor Para.3 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans. torch指responsibility 在本文中指的是责任已经传到我们这一代人了 Para.7 But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom-and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. 将riding the back of the tiger和seek help and aids from socialist countries 做比较 Para.9 To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge--to convert our good words into good deeds--in a new alliance for progress--to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. 将in casting off the chains of poverty 比作get rid of poverty Para.9 But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. Para.10 to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak--and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run. Para.19 And if a beach-head of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved. Para.24 The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it--and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. 二、Antithesis Para.6 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do--for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. Para.8 If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.
Lesson7 : Simile: 1.their high calls rising like the swallows? crossing flights over the music and the singing--simile（Para 1, line 11） 2.The crowds along the racecourse are like a fields of grass and flowers in the winds.---simile(Para 6,line112) 3.Children dodged in and out, their high calls risi ng like the swsllows' crossing flights over the mus ic and the singing. Metaphor: 1.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air, under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor（Para 1, line 22） 2.The air of morning wasa€|under the dark blue of the sky. In the silence of the broad green meadows one coul da€|broke out into the great joypus clanging of th e bells. Irony: 1.To exchange all the goodness and grace of every life in Omelas for that single, small improvement; to throw away the happiness of thousands for the chance of the happiness of one: that would be to let guilt within the walls indeed.(paragraph 10) 2.I thought at first there were no drugs, but that is puritanical.(para3)
英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的 自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；
高英修辞 Unit 10 1，community cannot complete with shopping malls……70-hour workweek (metonymy) 2，we tend these images like poisonous flowers in a nightmare garden (simile) 3，…as pre-9/11 world drifts away on its raft of memory (metaphor) 4，Meanwhile, post 9/11 era looms like an unmapped wilderness (simile) 5，…which assumes the public is thinking in red, white and blue, when actually the spectrum of emotions, ideas and opinion is, like America itself, multihued (metonymy) 6，This Frankensteinian creation asserts that consumption is an American value, extols the nepenthean powers of the dollar (allusion) 7，A mushroom cloud blooming over a seaport city, a human being with her skin burned off, a skeletal corpse embracing a child seize skeletal corpse (metaphor) 8，What messages do Hiroshima and Babi Yar, or Dresden and Antietam, have for us? (antonomasia) 9，How do we move from anxiety to action? From insecurity to confidence, from national paranoia to collective poise? (comrast) 10，Is our democracy so fragile that four airplane bombs can erode 335 years of liberty? (parody) Unit 9 1, the badger and the elk, the badger and the bear (alliteration) 2, descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain (metaphorically) 3, so exclusive were they of all mere custom and company (alliteration) 4, brittle and brown willow and witch hazed (alliteration) Unit 4 1, killing in the house (metaphor) 2, the image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake (metaphor) 3, a room of one’s own (metaphor) 4, butcher’s bill (metonymy) 5, it was she who used to come between me and my paper when I was writing reviews (metonymy) Unit3 1, tectonic: metaphor 2, cloning: metaphor 3, fountainhead: metaphor 4, pocket: is used figuratively 5, marry: metaphor 6, it is still played all over Asia in the small rooms that are full of smoke (antonomasia) 7, it is also plated by rich society women at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattan’s Upper West Side (metonymy 8, A contrast is made between old shanghai and shanghai in the 1990s
英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
simile 明喻；metaphor 隐喻，暗喻；metonymy 转喻personification拟人；hyperbole 夸张；parallelism 排比,平行；euphemism 委婉；Irony 讽刺反语antithesis 对比对照synecdoche 提喻alliteration头韵allusion 典故anti-climax 渐降climax渐升pun双关语 Passage 1： 1.The middle eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds-even thousands of years--------(Personification,Hyperbole ) 2.You pass from the heat and glare of a big,open square into a cool,dark cavern which extends as far as you can see. (metaphor) 3.It grows louder and more distinct,until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes,as the burnished copper catches the light of lamps. (metaphor, Personification) 4.The dye-market lies elsewhere in the vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar.A doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard. (2个Personification) Passage 2: 1.......,as the fastest train in the world shipped to a stop in Hiroshima station. ( alliteration头韵PS：我也不知道为什么） 2.Because i had a lump in my throat and sad thoughts on my
Lesson1 1. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻) 2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻) 3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile 4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人) 5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor 6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略) 7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile 8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就 9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson2
高英修辞 Lesson 1 1. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻) 2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻) 3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile 4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人) 5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. ---- …the 6. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor 7. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略) 8. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile 9. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就 10. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson 4 1.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative
Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using ―as‖ or ―like‖. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. 1)…as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) 2) Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels. (Para.9) 练习题： 1. … little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. (hyperbole) 2. The machine was operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes,… (transferred epithet) 3. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…. (personification)