观摩课《Task-based Reading》教案
——黄平县重安中学张文达2017-4-7
【学情背景】
任务型阅读理解是根据任务型教学设计而成的，它是介于任务理解与书面表达之间的一种题型。它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼概括，是一种读写结合的题型。这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解能力，也考查学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力，还考查学生运用英语语言将有关内容以文字形式正确地表达出来的能力。因此需要教师引领学生掌握任务型阅读技巧，提高学生的任务型阅读能力。
【教学内容】
Teaching aims:
Be able to use the reading skills to do the task-based reading exercises.
Develop the students’ reading skills.
Teaching important and difficult points:
Master the different reading skills.
Guess the meanings of the new words by context, word-building and situation.
Teaching methods:
Task-based teaching method, cooperative learning method, etc.
Teaching aids:
A computer, handouts, etc.
Teaching Procedure:
2017年观摩课《任务型阅读教学》教案
黄平县重安中学
张文达
Task-based reading Learning objectives: At the end of this period, you will be able to 1.get familiar with the proper steps to deal with task-based reading. 2.consolidate the knowledge of some useful expressions and sentence structures. 3.improve your skills of doing task-based reading practice. Exercise One: Rewrite the following sentences. (Different forms of a word) The only answer to the problem is international cooperation. —Solving the problem requires all the governments to 1.. Thus, it is difficult to catch criminals of cybercrime. 一Thus, to catch criminals of cybercrime is of great 2.? (Phrase —Word) Governments and private business must work together to stop this widespread problem. —Governments and private business must 3.to stop this widespread problem. In addition, most countries don't have arrangements for dealing with suspects from other countries. —4., most countries don't have arrangements for dealing with suspects from other countries. (Word — Phrase) Thus, it is difficult to catch criminals of cybercrime. —5.this way, to catch criminals of cybercrime is of great difficulty. Considering how bad the situation has become, many people wonder why little is known about this. 一Taking into 6.how bad the situation has become, many people wonder why little is known about this. (Based on the meaning of the original sentence or the context) Cybercrime refers to any criminal offence related to the Internet. —Any criminal offence related to the Internet 7.to cybercrime. The Council lists crimes related to a lack of proper Internet security. 一 A lack of proper Internet security 8.to this type of crimes. Although there are an increasing number of such cases against people, crime against large companies is a bigger problem.
小学英语任务型教学的案例 任务型教学就是以培养学生综合语言运用能力为目标的新型教学模式：教师根据要学习的内容为学生真实地创设各种情境来设计各种任务，让学生在教师的指导下，通过思考、调查、讨论、交流与合作等方式，学习和使用英语，完成学习任务。“任务型”语言教学在小学英语课堂中被广博使用，它为小学英语课堂注入了一股清爽的活力，也为学生搭建了一个张扬个性、展示英语才华的舞台。 现以“My new room”Part B为例来说说我对任务型教学模式的理解： 教学目标与要求： 1、能够听、说、读、写单词：in，on，under，behind，near； 2、能够听、说、认读单词：over，in front of和句子Where’s the…?It’s…并能在情景中正确运用； 3、培养学生认真倾听，相互合作的良好习惯。 教学重、难点分析： 本课重点是使学生熟练掌握七个方位介词的用法，其中infrontof是个难点。 课前准备：课件、词卡、图片、镜子、纸盒、铅笔盒、铅笔等学习用品。 教学过程： Step1：Warm-up 1、日常对话。 2、齐唱：My small bedroom. Step2：Pre-task（呈现和学习完成任务所需的语言知识，介绍任务的完成和实施任务的步骤） 1、教师拿出一个盒子，盒子里事先放有一面镜子。让学生猜猜里面有什么东西，问：“What’s in my box?”，并引导学生使用thereis/are句式进行回答。
2、猜完后，教师拿着mirror放进盒子，问：“Where is the mirror?”，引导学生回答：“It’s in the box.”，然后把mirror放在盒子上面和下面，再问，再答，复习学过的方位词：on、under。 3、教师把镜子放在盒子的旁边，并说：Look ! It’s near the box.让学生仿说。 4、教师利用文具呈现near的位置关系，并提问:Whereisthe……？引导学生用It’s near……来回答。 5、用同样的方法教学单词over, behind, in front of。教学时注意on与over，near与behind、in front of的比较。 6、课件出示学生用书61页图，教师根据图中物品的位置关系提问，如：“Where is the trash bin?”，让学生回答。 Step3：While-task（设计数个微型任务，构成任务链，学生以个人或小组形式完成各项任务） Task1:学生同桌把学习用品摆放出例外的位置关系并做问答，如：“Where is the……? It’s……”，可先由教师做示范，学生们齐答，后让学生同桌练习。Task2:教师发指令，学生做相应动作。如：“Put your book behindthe chair. Put your pencil over your pencil-box. Put your pencil on yourpencil-box.”，发指令时注意几个词之间的区别与联系。 Task3:课件出示学生用书61页Let’sfindout活动：让学生找一找图中物品摆放的不当之处，并用there be结构作简单表述。如果学生学有余力，时间够的话，可让学生说说应该放在哪。 Task4:四人小组取出信封里有关家具图片和白纸，将图片贴在白纸上，设计自己的卧室。 Step 4：Post-task（各小组向全班展示任务结果） 1、各小组派一代表介绍自己的卧室:Look, This is my room . Thereis a trash bin in front of the closet. There is……
1 学员编号： 年 级：初三 课 时 数： 学员姓名：YYY 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： XX 授课类型 T 任务型阅读解题技巧 星 级 ★★★★ 教学目标 1、 掌握任务型阅读的特点、题目类型以及基本的解题步骤。 2、掌握并灵活运用任务型阅读的解题技巧。 （建议2-5分钟） 批注：任课老师在上课前，让学生随意阅读图片，结合学生玩游戏时需要做任务的特点，自然引入到任务性阅读 上来。 T 能力-任务型阅读解题技巧 A: 好累啊，做任务！！ B 阅读做任务 更难！！！！！。。。 C 阅读做任务是神马东东？？？。。。 D 就是任务型阅读呗。。。 任务1 任务5 任务3 任务4 任务 任务2
（建议20-25分钟） 一、任务型阅读概述 1. 任务型阅读 任务型阅读是在遵循新课程标准的基础上，根据任务型教学的任务设计而形成的一种新题型，这种题型旨在考查学生综合运用语言的能力，即捕捉信息、组织信息和综合概括信息的能力。该题型任务可分为阅读文章和表格填空两个部分。要求考生根据所读短文，对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，而后准确有序地完成表格的空缺。此类阅读话题广泛，体裁多样，内容贴近生活，富有气息。表格项目，基本上根据文章结构和作者思路设计，一般包括标题、段落大意、文章细节、结论等部分。当然把握命题人设空规律显得很重要。这种试题能够有效测试考生运用语言的能力，符合目前英语教学改革的方向。 批注：任课老师课堂期间必须让学生全面了解任务型阅读的综合信息，如考察的能力、需要学生具备的基本知识与技能，让学生们对号入座，找出自己的问题与差距，并制定改进方案，配合教学，达到预期的教学效果。 2. 任务型阅读的解题特点 任务型阅读是对已阅读信息的二次加工的过程，它要求考生归纳概括文中要点，整合零散信息并且把系统化的信息以表格形式有序地表述出来，使零散信息条理化、明朗化简单化和形象化。通过阅读表格使读者迅速理清文章结构，获取主要信息，抓住段落主题，了解文章的大意。因此，完成这一题型应非常细致，应认真地到原材料中收集有用的信息，根据阅读材料中所提供的语言信息找出与题意要求相匹配的选项，经过加工整理后输出信息，即完成表格任务，这种题目中所填的词有字数限制，具有很高的概括性和准确性，因此,考生必须认真阅读材料,尽可能地从短文中找到所要填写的内容或者线索词，必要时也需进行适当转换或修改。 任务性阅读后的表格填空，相应考察学生的捕捉信息能力、组织信息能力、综合概括信息能力。捕捉信息能力：属基础题范畴。组织信息能力：属活用题范畴。综合概括信息能力：属概括题范畴。 批注：任务性阅读的答题特点也非常重要，建议任课老师在讲解本知识点时，让学生把重要的点标注清楚，在具体的练习中，要有把握这些特点的意识，提高做题的主动性、技巧性及准确性。 二、任务型阅读基本的解题步骤 2
任务型阅读专项练习和答案 一、英语任务型阅读 1．阅读信息，为每段选择恰当的标题。 Here is a page from a magazine named Future. Read the following information about things that may happen in the future. ________⑴Cars will run on solar power（太阳能）or electricity and will be much cleaner. They will be much safer. For example, if you are too close to another car or if you are driving dangerously, your car will slow down by itself. ________⑵Because there won't be any spare land, new cities will have to be built in the sea. Some cities on water will have two levels. People will live on the upper level, and the lower level will be used for traffic, shops and factories. ________⑶Biotechnology will make food better and healthier. Plants that are not affected by insects or illnesses will be developed. The taste of fruits and vegetables will be better and food will be kept longer. ________⑷New technology will be used to make TVs that are only 5cm thick. They will have pictures that are as clear as photos. Electrical appliances will be quieter and will be controlled by computer. They will also use 50% less power. ________⑸Many new ways to cure illnesses will be successful by using products of genetic engineering （基因产品）. Cures will be found for the flu and the common cold. However, some new illnesses will appear. 【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍了未来社会在能源交通，城市建设，生物技术以及医药方面的一些变化。 A. Better and healthier food will be developed with the help of biotechnology. 在生物技术的帮助下，将开发出更好、更健康的食品。 B. TVs made by new technology are not only 5cm thick but also as clear as photos. 新技术生产的电视机不仅有5厘米厚，而且像照片一样清晰。 C. Cars will be much cleaner and safer if they run on solar power or electricity. 如果汽车使用太阳能或电力，将会更加清洁和安全。 D. Some new illnesses will appear though many new ways to cure illnesses will be successful. 一些新的疾病将会出现，尽管许多治疗疾病的新方法将会成功。 E. The future cities will be built in the sea because of less land. 未来的城市将建在海里，因为陆地较少。 （1）根据文中语句Cars will run on solar power（太阳能）or electricity and will be much cleaner. 提示可知，此段讲述的是新能源汽车的优点，故选C。
任务型阅读(一)[学生用书P151(单独成册)] (建议用时：25分钟) A (2019·江苏四星级学校联考)When you listen to artists like Jay-Z, or Common, just the thought of freestyle rap might be frightening enough to make your shy away. Scientific research shows that rap might offer you an opportunity for self-exploration and expression. Besides, freestyle rap might improve your brain’s creative power, too, and when it does, it can free you from boredom and relax you from everyday tasks. Here’s how. In a study, brain researcher Siyuan Liu and his colleagues compared freestyle rap and rehearsed rap of native English speakers to see how their brains operated under both conditions. When you perform a rehearsed act, the lateral prefrontal cortex(PFC)(额叶前皮层), which is instrumental in thought control and recall, is activated. But they found that for more spontaneous(自发的) singing, the lateral PFC is not activated because you rely more on strong emotions to find the right language without the distraction of prepared melodies. When trying to complete a task, your focused brain is essential. But for creativity, your brain must go into regrouping mode to avoid habits and form new ideas. Freestyle rap will train you to access this capacity in your brain. During this rap study, left-sided brain regions which are responsible for language and movement were also activated. These regions are usually activated by the act of speaking, so there was no surprise that rapping had the same effect. However, freestyle rap causes these regions to be activated above normal, which indicates that something special occurs. Freestyle rap requires you to find novel words and phrases that rhyme. This search for unique language patterns is a way to train your brain to become more creative. However, words are not all the same. By making freestyle rap part of your everyday routine, you will add emotional weight to your words, allowing you to communicate in a more effective and accurate way. The rehearsed and freestyle rappers in the study had no difference in movement. They produced the same number of syllables, and the primary movement areas in the brain were similar in both groups. However, there was greater involvement of secondary movement areas in freestyle
现在我以《新标准英语》Where' s the rabbit?为例。本课着重教授方位: It' s in/on/under the hat.如果单纯地教介词，则显得枯燥无味，毫无兴趣。因此，我在一上课就给学生提出任务:小朋友们，今天我们做个游戏，看看准是最棒的小魔术师，并进行猜谜活动，比比谁最聪明。这样一下子把学生的注意力纠住了。接着教师先当魔术师。T-OK,boys and girls. I' m a magician , look. What' s this?教师手上拿一个.袋子，等学生回答It' s a bag后，教师把双手放背后，悄悄地将rabbit放入袋子里，然后让学生猜What' s in the bag?从而引出新单词rabbit 。接着教师开始变戏法了。Look carefully. Where's the rabbit?教师反复的重复问句，并不断变戏法，然后自问自答，让学生在听觉上熟悉Where' s the rabbit?接着教师说:现在你们是魔术师了，我们看看谁是最棒的小魔术师。谁能问倒老师谁赢。这时学生各个跃跃欲试。通过此游戏，他们可大大操练Where' s the…?的句型。同时教师的回答也很重要。教师的答句为下个游戏做了铺垫，同时教师的“I don' t know.”更是激发学生的成就感。他们会想:“哇，连老师也被我考倒了。”这样，他们会更积极投入学习中。接着进行猜谜活动，比比谁最聪明。教师问问题，学生回答。相信在学生大量听力的基础上， 学生能较好完成游戏。这两样任务，都能激发学生的兴趣，调动他们的积极性。当然，开始的任务不能太难，应尽量基
教师学科教案[ 20 – 20 学年度第__学期] 任教学科：_____________ 任教年级：_____________ 任教老师：_____________ xx市实验学校
初中任务型英语阅读课教学设计 安溪凤城中学刘敏祯 [提要] 本文简述任务型教学的心理学理论依据、目的、特点以及任务设计的原则,探讨任务在阅读课中的应用。笔者认为，任务型教学有助于提高学生的交际能力。 关键词：任务型教学阅读 《英语课程标准》（实验稿）中倡导“任务型”教学，避免单纯传授语言知识的教学方法，学生在做中学，学中用，通过思考、调查、讨论、交流和合作等方式，学习和使用英语，完成学习任务,培养学生语言运用能力。 一. 任务的定义;任务型教学的心理学理论依据、目的及特点 任务型教学研究始于20世纪80年代，于90年代在理论上逐步成熟。庞继贤教授认为，所谓“任务”，简言之就是“做事”。在“做事”的过程中，学习者始终处于一种积极的、主动的学习心理状态，任务参与者之间的交际过程也是一种互动过程。为完成任务，学习者以意义为中心，调动语言与非语言资源，进行意义共建，达到解决某种交际问题的目的。这个过程催化了一个有利于学习者语言内化的环境。 任务型语言教学的理论依据多来自于心理语言学。心理语言学认为，任务是提供给学生学习资料的有效途径，任务的设计能决定语言运用的类型和提供学习机会，从而对第二语言的习得产生影响。 任务型教学的目的主要是培养学生的语言交际能力，这不仅是指语法正确的说与写的能力，还包括社会语言能力、语域能力和策略能力。 任务型教学的特点是：（1）意义：表达是第一位的。以前大家首先注意学生表达的准确性、流利性，而在任务型教学中，首先关心的是表达的内容，而不是形式正确与否。（2）交际性原则：真实生活中会做出什么事，在任务中宜摸拟这些生活中的情景，而且设计任务材料多样，包括课本、报刊、歌曲、电视、电影、小说、互联网等。（3）关键是完成任务：我们最关心的是学生说出一句话，能不能表达出想要表达的东西，内容能不能表达清楚，能不能表达出想要了解的状况，而不仅仅是语言是否有错误。 二、初中英语阅读课任务的设计原则 在设计任务时应遵循以下原则：（1）趣味性；（2）针对性：任务应适合全体学生参与，而不仅仅是让优秀学生参加；最好设计成若干种形式，使不同水平的学生都能参与并完成；（3）循序渐进：一个大的任务有时可以分成几个小任务由易到难，分步完成；（4）以学生为主体：把他们从语言学习者（Language learner）转变成语言的使用者(Language user)，老师应是促进者、组织者、监督者或参与者；（5）启发性：设计的任务最好使学生在解决问题的过程发现新问题，进而解决问题；（6）渗透性：《标准》中说“活动应积极促进英语学科和其分学科间的相互渗透和联系，使学生的思维和想象力、审美情趣和艺术感受、协作和创新精神等综合素质得到发展”。 三、初中英语任务型阅读课教学模式 《标准》五级在阅读方面要求学生能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；能理解段落中句子之间的逻辑关系；能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；能利用字典等工具书进行学习。这就要求老师在平时教学中要教会学生单词构成法、猜词方法，理解所学的材料，还要进行阅读方法的指导和阅读技能的训练。按照上述任务型教学的基本理念，根据阅读教学的基本规律，初中英语阅读可分为三个阶段：第一阶段：任务前（Pre-task） 任务前活动如大脑风暴（Brain storming）可以将学生已有的经验和背景知识激活，
“任务型教学”在课文阅读教学中的运用 [提要] 侧重培养阅读能力是中学英语教学的目的，在课文阅读教学过程中，自始至终引导学生通过完成各项具体的任务来学习语言，让学生为了特定的学习目的去实施特定的语言行动，以此来获得和积累相应的学习经验。 [关键词] 阅读的重要性、任务型教学、阅读教学 阅读是获取知识、扩大知识面的重要手段。通过阅读理解，学生开阔了视野、丰富了语言知识、扩大了词汇量，同时也了解了英语国家的风土人情和社会文化等。高考对阅读理解能力的考核贯穿了整个试卷的始终，占了试卷分值的大头。阅读也在各类语言水平考试中占据了越来越重要的地位。可见培养学生阅读理解能力的重要性。在传统的阅读教学模式中，由于班级学生人数多，以教师为中心的讲授式教学仍然是教学的主要形式。学生只能被动地听、抄、背，缺乏足够的积极思考、发问、质疑等体验的机会，使学生感到枯燥乏味，甚至失去了英语学习和探究的兴趣。上述传统阅读教学形式必须改革。在教学中，应“改变以教为主的原则，树立以学生为主体地位的指导思想”，教学活动应从学生“学”的角度来设计，明确各阶段学习的任务目标，把学习的主动权交给学生，放手让学生自己去思考、学习和实践，实施培养学生综合语言应用能力的教学方式——任务型教学。 任务型教学（task-based teaching approach）是把语言应用的基本理念转化为具体实践意义的课堂教学的一种方式。何谓任务呢？“所谓‘任务’指的是，有目标的交际活动或学生为达到某一具体目的而进行的交际活动的过程。任务型学习强调‘做中学、’‘学中做’，通过学生参与活动、师生共同完成语言教学任务，使学生自然地习得语言，并体验如何用语言做事或解决问题、处理矛盾，促进英语学习。”任务型教学方式有利于学生在发展语言能力的同时，强化学习动机，提高学习兴趣，形成学习策略，培养合作精神，增进对文化的理解；同时，也有利于学生思维和想象能力、审美情趣和艺术感受、协作和创新精神等综合素质的发展，促进英语学科与其他学科的相互渗透和联系。 一般来说，学生掌握知识技能用经过感知教材→理解教材→巩固知识→运用知识四个阶段。教师在这个过程中，要为学生设计各种不同类型的由浅入深、由简单到复杂、有梯度递进的明确任务。采用实践性强、具有明确任务的引导方式，让学生带着明确的任务目标，积极主动地进行思考学习。学生通过实践、思考、讨论、交流和合作等方式学习和使用英语，完成学习任务。这种教学过程的实质就是按照学生个体的认识过程和发展的规律，把培养学生综合语言运用能力科学地融入到教学实践中。 一、感知教材——导入
英语英语任务型阅读专项习题及答案解析及解析 一、英语任务型阅读 1．以下是去英国旅游的5个常见的问题，方框里是对这5个问题提出的建议，请为每一个问题选择最合适的建议，并将答案的字母编号填写在题前的括号内。 （2）Enjoy yourselves by all means. But please don't make unnecessary noise. （3）Traffic. Be careful when you cross the road. （4）It is against the law（法律） to throw away waste material in public（公共的）places. （5）If you need any kind of help, you can get in touch with the local（本地的） police station. 【答案】（1）B （2）D （3）C （4）F （5）E 【解析】【分析】 A. Always wear your most comfortable clothes when going on long journeys.当你旅行的时候，总是要穿最舒服的衣服。 B. You may not buy alcohol（酒精）in England if you are under 18 years old, nor may your friend buy it for you.如你年龄不到十八岁你不可以买酒精，你的朋友也不可以为你买。 C. The traffic moves on the left side of the road in England. Use the crossings for walking.在英国交通靠左行驶，经过十字路口步行。 D. We ask you to respect（尊重）other people who may wish to be quiet particularly （特别） at night.我们请你尊敬那些尤其在晚上希望安静的人。 E. The police will be pleased to help you.警察会乐意帮助你。 F. When you have something to throw away, please put it in your pocket or in your bag and take it home, or put it in a rubbish bin.当你有东西要扔的话，把它装进口袋里或者书包里带回家，或者扔进垃圾箱里。 （1）句意：你应该注意喝的东西。这一句和B句的低于18岁的人不允许买酒精相关，故答案是B
A Teaching Plan of the Task-based Reading Step 1 Types of Task-based reading Step 2 Methods of Task-based reading 1.观察表格，判断词性 2.寻找出处，对号入座 3.整合信息，分析归纳 4.判断用词，准确表达 5.通观全文，复读检查 Step 3 Before reading Change Blindness 1. _________ of change blindness Change blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a person recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go 2. ________. Experiments with change blindness ●The main 3. ________ of early experiments was memory and perception. ●Individuals were found to be 4. _________ at recalling the smaller details in the same picture previously shown to them. Research in the 1990s ●In Simon s’ study, participants were asked to pay special attention to the 5. __________ basketball, during which time a man wearing a gorilla suit unexpectedly walked through the scene. ●Contrary to popular belief, with their attention fixed on the basketball, many participants reported that the “gorilla” 6. _________ their notice. ●It is concluded that participants fail to recognize something big but unrelated to the objective when their brains are programmed to consider some task as a top 7. ____________. 8. ________ of change blindness ●The brain makes 9. _________ about what to be dealt with because of its limited capacity. ●Although attention is closely 10. _________ to change blindness, age and health are other factors that play a role.
一)学情分析： 1．知识背景：有关圣诞节的一些常识及单词merry, decorate,put up, angel, 2．学习需求：how to decorate a Christmas tree (二)教学目标： 1．知识与技能：listening,speaking,writing and reading 2．过程与方法：通过老师与学生，学生与学生，学生与老师之间不断地操练，让学生大胆地开口说英语、用英语，提高学生的口头 表达能力。 3．情感态度与价值观：通过Lin Tao要在England去度假, Jim要Lin Tao帮助他装饰圣诞树，这一情境，培养学生互相帮助的好品质，并 让学生感受到助人乃快乐之本。 (三)教学策略： 1．分析教法、学法：通过任务型教学，以有限的课堂为载体，给学生创设最生活化的情境，利用一切可利用的课程资源，使资源最大化， 带领学生进入一个英语化世界，充分体现“在做中学，在用中学” 的教学原则，充分激发学生学习英语的积极性，培养学生综合运用 英语的能力。 2．情境形式：圣诞节快到了，朋友之间互送礼物，并且怎么样装饰圣诞树。 3．教学准备（教具、媒体、学生）：tape-recorder , a Christmas card, a Christmas tree the small blackboard (四)教学过程设计与过程调整、评析： Step1.Pre-task 1.Warming-up exercises Show the small blackboard while sing the song We wish you a Merry Christmas .Tell them the Christmas Day is coming.Friends will give presents with each other. 2.Play the guessing games. Let the students introduce their friends to the new teacher. Let the teacher guess their good friends. 过程调整与评析1： 这节课本身在圣诞节前夕，唱圣诞歌可以拉进师生之间的关系，并让学生主动给老师作介绍，介绍他们各自的朋友，为后面创设 情景作好铺垫。 Step2.While-task 1.Presentation 1 Now the teacher has a lot of friends there. Show the picture of Christmas Day and a box(many presents in it). Give the friends presents.
任务型阅读理解专练 （3） A Page From Li Meng’s Diary Thursday, January 23 Sunny Today I was so happy to know that I did quite well in my last week’s science exam. Thanks to Daniel, he taught me a new way of going over lessons. It is called “map idea”. Because of the map idea, I’ve learned how to find out the main idea in every lesson. And in my mind I can draw a map of all the important knowledge I need to remember. It’s really good. I can remember so much in that way. I never thought of changing the way of my study before. I was always complaining about my poor memory, but now my memory has become good because of the map idea. It made my study much easier and more enjoyable. I realized learning how to learn well is the most important for us students. 96. There was a science exam in Li Meng’s class . 97. Daniel taught Li Meng a good way to study. That is . 98. Li Meng complain about his bad memory. 99. Li Meng has learned a new way of lessons. 100. It is the most important how to learn well. （4） Dear Miss Li, I’d like to thank you for sending money to “Animal Helpers”,an organization set up to help diabled people.For sure you have helped make it possible for me to have "Lucky", who has filed my life with pleasure. “Lucy” is a specialy trained dog for the disabled.It is a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. Being blind, deaf, unable to use my hands easily are the challenges I face. "Lucky" helps me open and shut the doors,even answer the telephone.He cheers me up a lot. I’l send you a photo of him if you like,and Icould show you how he helps me too one day.And I thank you again for supporting "Animal Helpers". It is important that this organization does not run out of money. Your donation is greatly appreciated and the money is well used to help disabled people like me. Best wishes, Liz Smith 71.Liz Smith is a__________man who is__________to see or hear. 72."Lucky" is the__________of a specialy__________dog. 73."Animal Helpers" is an organization that was__________up to__________the disabled. 74.Liz Smith will__________Miss Lia a photo of the dog and__________her how "Lucky" helps him. 75.LizSmith wrote this letter to__________Miss Li for her__________to Animal Helpers. （5）
专题四任务型阅读 第一节任务型阅读解题方法突破 （2019·江苏卷） When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not? Why Difficult? When we wrong someone we know, even not intentionally, we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we re acting as leaders, the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performa nce in whic h every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apolo gize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little, too late, or to o obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What, then, is to be done? How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly? Why Now? The que stion of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so, the Unite d States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles, cartoons, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies. Why Bother? Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They ar e expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not ap ologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology, there nee ds to be a good, strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they thi nk the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so. Why Refuse? Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the o rganization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations, as we shall see, but i t is a high risk strategy.