哈尔滨工业大学考博英
语真题
HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-
General English Admission Test For Non-English Major
Ph.D. program
(Harbin Institute of Technology)
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Passage 1
Questions 1----5 are bashed on the following passage.
The planet’s last intact expanses of forest are under siege. Eight thousand years ago, forests covered more than 23 million square miles, or about 40 perc ent of Earth’s land surface. Today, almost half of those forests have fallen to the ax, the chain saw, the matchstick, or the bulldozer.
A map unveiled in March by the Washington-based World Resources Institute not only shows the locations of former
fore sts, but also assesses the condition of today’s forests worldwide. Institute researchers developed the map with the
help of the World Conservation Monitoring Center, the World Wildlife Fund, and 90 forest experts at a variety of universities, government organizations, and environmental groups.
Only one-fifth of the remaining forests are still “frontier forests,” defined as relatively undisturbed natural forests large enough to support all of their native species. Frontier forests offer a number of benefits: They generate and maintain biodiversity, protect watersheds, prevent flooding and soil erosion, and stabilize climate.
Many large areas that have traditionally been classified as forest land don’t qualify as “frontier” because of human influences such as fire suppression and a patchwork of logging. “There’s surprisingly little intact forest left,” says research associate Dirk Bryant, the principal author of the report that accompanies the new map.
In the report, Bryant, Daniel Nielsen, and Laura Tangley divide the world into four groups:76 countries that have lost all of their frontier forest; 11 nations that are “on the edge”; 28 countries with “not much time”; and only eight----including Canada, Russia, and Brazil-----that still have a “great opportunity” to keep most of their original forest. The United States is among the nations said to be running out of time: In the lower 48 states, says Bryant, “great opportunity” to keep most of their original forest. The United States is among the nations said to be running out of time: In the lower48 states, says Bryant, “only 1 percent of the forest that was once there as frontier forest qualifies today.”
Logging poses the biggest single threat to remaining
frontier forests. “Our results suggest that 70 per cent of frontier forests under threat are threatened by logging,” says Bryant. The practice of cutting timber also creates roads
that cause erosion and open the forest to hunting, mining, firewood gathering, and land clearing for farms.
What can protect frontier forests? The researchers recommend combining preservation with sustainable land use practices such as tourism and selective timber extraction. “It’s possible to restore frontiers,” says Bryant, “but the cost and time required to do so would suggest that the smart approach is to husband the remaining frontier forest before it’s gone.”
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The present situation of frontier forest on Earth.
B. The history of ecology.
C. The forest map in the past.
D. Beautiful forests in different parts of the world.
2. The word “unveiled” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.
A. evaluated
B. decorated
C. designed
D. made public
3. Frontier forests have which of the following benefits?
A. They keep climate stable.
B. They enhance timber industry.
C. They provide people with unique scenery.
D. They are of various types.
4. The phrase “on the edge” in Paragraph 5 probably
means________.
A surrounded by frontier forest
B near frontier forest
C about to lose their frontier forest
D under pressure
5. According to the passage, roads created by timber-cutting make it possible for people to________.
A travel to other places through the short –cut
B exploit more forest land
C find directions easily
D protect former forests
Passage 2
Questions 6----10 are based on the following passage.
To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived the cellophane wrapper has to be torn off, the lip opened and removed; the lid opened and the paper removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from
its own piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries: it is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper.
The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. Useless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put our by the average London household each week. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up the environment.
Little research is being carried out on the costs of alternative types of packaging. Just how possible is it, for instance, for local authorities to salvage paper, pulp it, and recycle it as egg-boxes? Would it be cheaper to plant another forest? Paper is the material most used for packaging-----20
million paper bags are apparently used in Great Britain each day -----but very little is salvaged.
A machine has been developed that pulps paper, and then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons. This could be easily adapted for local authority use. It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each. Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most easily recycled; and now, with massive increases in paper prices, the time has come at which collection by local authorities could be profitable.
Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles, which are returned to the dairies, and it has been estimated that if all the milk bottles necessary were made of plastic, then British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days!
The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs. It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and reuse of various materials and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as opposed to producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, intended to be used just once, and making things look better so more people will buy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as resources for what is, after all, a relatively unimportant function.
6. The sentence “This insane amount of w rapping is not confined to luxuries” means that________.
A not enough wrapping is used for luxuries
B more wrapping is used for luxuries than for ordinary products
C it is not only for luxury products that too much wrapping is used
D the wrapping used for luxury products is unnecessary
7. The local authorities are_________.
A the Town Council
B the police
C the paper manufacturers
D the most influential citizens
8 If paper is to be recycled,________.
A more forests will have to be planted
B the use of paper bags will have to be restricted
C people will have to use different dustbins for their rubbish
D the local authorities will have to reduce the price of paper
9. British dairies are________.
A producing enough plastic tubing to go round the world in less than a week
B giving up the use of glass bottles
C increasing the production of plastic bottles
D reusing their old glass bottles
10. The environmentalists think that________.
A more plastic packaging should be used
B plastic is the most convenient form of packaging
C too much plastic is wasted
D shops should stop using plastic containers
Passage 3
Questions11-----18 are based on the following passage.
The tragic impact of the modern city on the human being has killed his sense of aesthetics, the material benefits of an affluent society have diverted his attention from aesthetics, the material benefits of an affluent society have diverted his attention from his city and its cultural potentials to the products of science and technology: washing machines, central heating, automatic cookers, television sets, computers and fitted carpets, He is, at the moment, drunk with democracy, well-to-do, a car driver, and has never had it so good.
He is reluctant to walk. Statistics reveal that the distance he is prepared to walk from his parking place to his shopping center is very short. As there are no adequate off-street parking facilities, the cities are littered with kerb-parked cars and parking meters rear themselves everywhere. Congestion has become the predominant factor in his environment, and
statistics suggest that two cars per household system may soon make matters worse.
In the meantime, insult is adde d to injury by “land value”. The value of land results from its use: its income and its value increase. “Putting land to its highest and best use” becomes the principal economic standard in urban growth. This speculative approach and the pressure of increasing population lead to the “vertical” growth of cities with the result that people are forced to adjust themselves to congestion in order
to maintain these relatively artificial land values. Paradoxically the remedy for removing congestion is to create no re of it.
Partial decentralization, or rather, pseudo-decentralization, in the form of large development units away from the
traditional town centers, only shifts the disease round the anatomy of the town, if it is not combined with remodeling of the to wn’s transportation system, it does not cure it. Here
the engineering solutions are strongly affected by the necessity for complicated intersections, which in turn, are frustrated by the extravagant cost of land.
It is within our power to build better cities and revive the civic pride of their citizens, but we shall have to stop operating on the fringe of the problem. We shall have to radically to replan them to achieve a rational densities of population we have to provide in them what can be called minim um “psychological elbow room”. One of the ingredients of this will be proper transportation plans. These will have to be an integral part of the overall planning process which
in itself is a scientific process where facts are essential. We must collect, in an organized manner, all and complete information about the city or the town, if we want to plan effectively.
The principal unit in this process is “IM”(one man). We must not forget that cities are built by people, and that
their form and shape should be subject to the will of the people. Scientific methods of data collection and analysis
will indicate trends, but they will not direct action. Scientific methods are only an instrument. The “man-educated” man, the human, will have to set the target, and using the results obtained by science and his own engineering skill, take upon himself the final shaping of his environment. He will have to use his high moral sense of responsibility to the community and to future generations.
11. The main concern of this passage is with_______.
A city culture
Bland value in cities
C city congestion
D decentralization
12.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that people in old times_______.
A paid more attention to material benefits
B had a stronger sense of beauty
C were more desirous about the development of science and technology
D enjoyed more freedom and democracy
13.The highly-developed technology has made man________.
A increasingly industrious
B free from inconvenience
C excessively dependent on external aids
D able to save his physical strength
14 The drastic increase of land value in the city________.
A is the good result of economic development
B offers more opportunities to land dealers
C is annoyingly artificial and meaningless
D fortunately leads to the “vertical” growth of cities
15. The expansion of big cities to the distant suburban areas may______.
A solve the problem of city congestion
B result in the remodeling of the town’s transportation system
C bring the same congestion to the suburban areas
D need less investment on land
16 the main purpose of the author is to_______. .
A point out a problem and criticize it
复旦大学中国古代文学研究中心考博参考书目 050104 中国古典文献学 1《文献学讲义》王欣夫上海世纪出版集团 2《余嘉锡说文献学》余嘉锡上海古籍出版社 3《文献学概要》杜泽逊上海书店出版社 4《古籍整理概论》黄永年上海书店出版社 5《校勘学释例》陈垣上海书店出版社 6《古籍印本鉴定概说》陈正宏等上海辞书出版社 050105 中国古代文学 1《中国文学史新著》章培恒等复旦大学出版社 2《中国文学批评史新编》王运熙等复旦大学出版社 3《中国历代文学作品选》朱东润上海古籍出版社 4《中国文学批评史大纲》朱东润上海古籍出版社 5《文学理论》［美］韦勒克等北京三联书店 6《西方美学通史》蒋孔阳、朱立元上海文艺出版社 050125 中国文学古今演变 1《中国文学史新著》章培恒等复旦大学出版社 2《中国文学批评史新编》王运熙等复旦大学出版社 3《中国文学批评史大纲》朱东润上海古籍出版社 4《中国历代文学作品选》朱东润上海古籍出版社 5《文学理论》［美］韦勒克等北京三联书店 6《西方美学通史》蒋孔阳、朱立元上海文艺出版社 7《中国现代文学三十年》钱理群等北京大学出版社 8《中国当代文学史教程》陈思和复旦大学出版社 或《中国当代文学史》洪子诚北京大学出版社 复旦大学中文系2014年考博真题（中国语言文学基础知识）
名词解释 1、唯美主义 2、复调 3、《大唐三藏取经诗话》 4、冯至《十四行集》 5、一代有一代之文学 简答题 1、简述亚里士多德在《诗学》中的模仿理论 2、谈谈英国诗人艾略特对当代欧美文学的影响 3，叶燮《原诗》言：此中也者，乃古今百代之中，而非有唐之所独，后此千百年，无不从是以为断。你同意此观点吗？ 4、鲁迅在《破恶声论》中主要论述了什么，与中国近代西方思潮共同构成了什么关系。 5、谈谈路翎、穆旦、莫言的主要代表作，并围绕作品谈谈他们各自创作的特性。回憶版 1、结合作品试论述“魔幻现实主义”中“魔幻”与“现实”的关系。 2、宋代目录学的影响 3、《文选》的影响及意义 4、论“文革文学”向“新时期文学”的转变。 2014復旦中國古代文學口頭報告題目（面試）： 1.在古典詩歌闡釋史上，“詩史互證”是源遠流長的一種方法，你認為這種方法的價值如何？ 2.請綜合論述唐代文學批評的特點和地位。 3.古人認為，六經“窮高以樹表，極遠以啟疆”，乃“文章之淵府”，雖“百家騰越，終入環內者也”，故可謂之“六經皆文”。請闡釋“六經皆文”的內涵，並以具體作家作品為例，對經學與文學的關係進行論述。 4.《五柳先生傳》在中國自傳書寫史上有怎樣的典範意義。 5.桐城派的形成以及在當代的命運。 6.在進入二十一世紀的十多年間，包括小說、戲曲、說唱文學在內的中國古代通俗文學研究取得了那些成就，有哪些學術熱點，還存在哪些不足，未來發展趨勢如何，請結合具體實例，談談你的看法？ 7.談談孔子“志於道”的思想對中國古代文學的影響。 中國古典文獻學 1，談談《四庫全書總目》對古代文學研究的意義。 2，談談《天祿琳瑯書目》與《四庫全書總目》的異同及其影響。 《天祿琳琅書目》，中國清代官府藏書目錄，清乾隆九年（1744）開始在乾清宮昭仁殿收藏內府藏書，題室名為“天祿琳琅”。《天祿琳琅書目》系中國第一部官修善本目錄，在編纂體例方面多有創見，於清代藏書家講究版本鑒定、注重善本著錄之風氣影響深遠，直接開放近世版本目錄學之興盛。
复旦大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题（秋季） PartⅠListening Comprehension (15%) 略 PartⅡV ocabulary and Structure (10%) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in the part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 21. She her vacation so much that she didn?t want it to end. A. missed B. budgeted C. loathed D. relished 22. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about the meeting. A. intangible B. sedate C. impudent D. clandestine 23. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting laws to protect the consumers. A. rigorous B. equivocal C. stringent D. furtive 24. People who like to were red clothes are more likely to be talkative and . A. lucrative B. introverted C. vivacious D. perilous 25. This is but a of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. A. faction B. friction C. fraction D. fracture 26. They were tired, but not less enthusiastic that account. A. on B. by C. for D. with 27. I think it is high time we the fact that environment pollution in this area is getting more serious than before. A. woke up to B. must wake up to C. wake up to D. are waking up to 28. So was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was soon reached. A. resentful
作为XXX同学硕士期间的副导师，应其请求，本人推荐该生参加贵校组织的2013年“申请-考核”方式攻读博士研究生入学考试。 XX同学本科就读于电子信息工程专业，硕士期间就读于信息与通信工程学科。通过系统的理论学习，完整掌握了本学科的专业基础理论知识，本硕期间的理论考核成绩优良，系统学习了微波技术与天线、雷达原理、天线理论与设计等和信息与通信工程学科密切相关的核心课程，为自己的科研工作打下了扎实基础，具备进一步攻读相关学科的知识储备。 该生学习刻苦，成绩优秀，具有坚实的基础理论知识和广博的专业知识。英语水平突出：六级达到国家优秀水平，并获得口语证书，硕士入学考试成绩达到82分，具备较强的听、说、读、写、译能力，能够熟练检索、阅读和撰写相关领域的英文文献，具备良好的英语语言应用能力。 在参与的某型研项目中，该生工作认真、治学严谨，吃苦耐劳，具有较强的自学能力，具备良好的探索精神，对所从事的科研方向具有浓厚的兴趣，并在本学科高水平国际会议和期刊上发表了英文学术论文，表现出了较强的科研能力。 鉴于该同学具有较大的发展潜力和培养前途，且本人有进一步深造的强烈要求，加之该同学对贵单位的研究方向有浓厚的兴趣，故特推荐XXX同学报考贵校博士生，建议贵单位给予考核和培养的机会，继续博士阶段的学习。衷心希望XXX 同学能够在贵单位得到更大的发展！ 作为XXX同学硕士期间的主导师，应其请求，本人推荐该生参加贵校组织的2013年“申请-考核”方式攻读博士研究生入学考试。 XXX同学本科就读于电子信息工程专业，硕士期间攻读信息与通信工程学科。通过系统的理论学习，该生完整掌握了本学科的专业基础理论知识，并出于自身兴趣，在本硕期间根据研究方向的要求，有针对性的学习了微波技术与天线、雷达原理、天线理论与设计等核心课程，进一步深化了专业方面的理论知识学习，具备了较为完善的知识结构和理论水平，为自己的科研工作打下了扎实基础，具备了攻读信息与通信工程学科的知识储备。本硕期间的理论考核成绩优良。 该生学习刻苦，成绩优秀，具有坚实的基础理论知识和广博的专业知识。英语水平突出：六级达到国家优秀水平，并获得口语证书，硕士入学考试成绩达到82分，具备较强的听、说、读、写、译能力，能够熟练检索、阅读和撰写相关领域的英文文献，具备良好的英语语言应用能力。 在所参与的某型科研项目中，该生工作认真、治学严谨，吃苦耐劳，具有较强的自学能力，具备良好的探索精神，对所从事的科研方向具有浓厚的兴趣，并在本学科权威国际会议和期刊上发表了英文学术论文，表现出了较强的科研创新能力。 鉴于该同学具有较大的发展潜力和培养前途，且本人有进一步深造的强烈要求，加之该同学对贵单位的研究方向有浓厚的兴趣，故特推荐XXX同学报考贵校博士生，建议贵单位给予考核和培养的机会，并望贵校招收。
考博详解与指导 一、谈谈建安文学的新面貌。 二、苏轼说陶渊明的诗是“质而实绮，癯而实腴”。请结合作品谈谈你对此的看法。 三、名词解释：萧规曹随平仄填空：《书目答问》的作者 四、选择 五、论述题。根据自己的兴趣选题。 在中国文学史上，对同一部作品，不同的人会有不同的看法。请用文学理论分析之，并举例。 第一部分、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions） 1、What can you tell me about yourself?（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？） 这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。这是一个必问的问题。考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。” In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in.As a college student,I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily.The sale was important,but for me,it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied.It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them.I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best. 2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。你可以事先和其他的MBA交流一番。问问他们在毕业后在公司的头5年都做了些什么。可以这样回答：“我希望能在我的职位上尽力做好工作，由于在同一领域工作的许多人都被提为区域负责人，所以我亦有此打算。” I hope to do my best I can be at my job and because many in this line of work are promoted to area manager,I am planning on that also. 3.What is your greatest strength?（你最突出的优点是什么？） 这是很多面试考官喜欢问的一个问题，这是你"展示自己"的最佳机会，不要吹嘘自己或过于自负，但要让雇主知道你相信自己，你知道自己的优点。如可答：“我认为我最大的优点是能够执着地尽力把事情办好。当
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program (Harbin Institute of Technology) Passage One Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage: According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because the y had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still leas to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview, geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated, and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect : the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 1. The author is primarily concerned with . A. advocating a return to an older methodology. B. explaining the importance of a recent theory. C. enumerating differences between two widely used methods D. describing events leading to a discovery 2. According to passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein
考博详解与指导 专业课一：中国文学史 一、名词解释(每题6分，共30分) 1、宫词 2、辛派词人 3、毛诗郑笺 4、金圣叹 5、今文经学 二、分析题(三选二，每题35分，共70)https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a11557953.html, 1、鲁迅《文学史大纲》说屈原《楚辞》比《诗经》对后世影响要深，请从文体风格等内容与形势方面来说明其成就与对后世的影响 2、结合具体作家作品阐述韩愈的诗文理论主张对于宋代诗文革新运动的影响 3、从题材、内容等方面阐述明清戏曲创作的新特征，并结合历史与现实谈其原因https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a11557953.html, 付：专业课一无论是哪个方向，只要是考古文学的都一样的，只有专业课2才会根据不同的方向出不同的题目 专业课二(先秦魏晋南北朝方向，考邵炳军先生的博士，11选5，共100分)https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a11557953.html, 1、写出古今中外有关十三经某一经的十部研究论著之作者、书名、版本 2、从二《雅》贵族政治讽喻诗看先秦文学之放言无惮之传统 3、从《楚辞》对《诗经》比兴艺术手法的继承与发展 4、谈孔子时代散文创作的基本状况与主要文学成就https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a11557953.html, 5、今本、帛本、简本三种版本《老子》有何异同，他们之间在版本方面存在着怎么样的继承关系 6举例说明汉代古文学派与今文学派文学阐释方法特点之异 7、班固《汉书艺文志》在整理汉代文献目录过程中对刘歆《七略》有那些创新与继承 8你如何理解建安风骨的实质。建安文学时代风格的形成主要原因有那些
9从庾信入北前后风格的变化说明社会整治生活环境对作家文学创作风格之影响。 10、从《诗※国风》农事诗看中国古代田园诗歌之滥觞与流变https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a11557953.html, 11、、“物象“兴象、”、“意象”有何区别?你认为《诗经》作者的意象经营艺术对中国古代诗歌意象经营有何影响 专业课二(元明清方向，考张寅彭和孙小力先生的博士) 一、名词解释(4×5=20)https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a11557953.html, 1、写出明前后七子的姓名、字号、里籍、生平，著作、仕履等基本情况 2、写出钱谦益身平小传 3、同光体的基本情况 4桐城创作三元则的基本情况https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a11557953.html, 二、分析(三选二，每题40分，共80) 1、归有光在唐宋散文“文统”中的作用及地位 2、梅村体的来龙去脉及在清代诗史上的地位 3神韵。肌理、性灵。格调四大诗观在明清之际的传承关系 第一部分、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions） 1、What can you tell me about yourself?（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？） 这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。这是一个必问的问题。考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。” In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in.As a college student,I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell
复旦大学考博英语必备词汇汇总 动词+副词形式 第一组 break down损坏，分解，瓦解 break in闯入;打断，插嘴 break out逃出;突然发生，爆发 bring to使恢复知觉 burn out Xu yao quan guo ge da yuan xiao kao bo ying yu zhen ti shi juan qing jia qq：qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi,huo er ba jiu ling ling liu si san wu yi.ye ke yi bo da quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba xiang shou kao bo fu dao ti yan.烧掉 burn up烧起来，旺起来;烧完 catch on理解，明白 check in办理登记手续 check out结账后离开;检验，核查 check up(on)校对，检查，检验 cheer up使高兴，使振奋 clear away扫除，收拾 clear up收拾;澄清;放晴 make it clear that弄清楚 come off实现，成功，奏效 come on请，来吧，快点;开始，出场，上演 come out出版;出现，显露;结果是
第二组 come round(around)来访，前来;苏醒，复原come through经历，脱险 come up走近，上来;发生，被提出 cross out删去，取消 cut back削减，减少 cut down削减，降低 cut in(汽车)抢道;插嘴，打断 cut off切断;删去;停止 cut out删除 cut short突然停止 die down渐渐消失，平息 die out消失，灭绝 draw in(火车、汽车)到站 draw up写上，画上;草拟;停住 dress up穿上盛装，打扮得很漂亮 drop by/in顺便来访 dry out干透，使干 dry up干涸，枯竭 第三组 drop off减弱，减少 drop out退出，离队 fall behind落后 fall out争吵;结果是
复旦大学考博英语词汇真题模拟 根据复旦大学考博英语考试大纲规定，除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生产的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。 一、根据复旦大学考博英语考试大纲规定，每年词汇题共30小题，每小题0.5分，共15分。 预计测试时间(25分钟) 1. Language， culture and personality may be considered of each other in thought， but they are inseparable in fact. [ A ] indistinctly [ B ] separately [ C ] irrelevantly [ D ] independently 2. Shortage of land and funding are blamed for the city‘s green space. [ A ] inefficient [ B ] inaccurate [ C ] inadequate [ D ] indispensable 3. It is well known that knowledge is the __ condition for expansion of mind. [ A ] incompatible [ B ] incredible [ C ] indefinite [ D ] indispensable 4. Although sports __ the household， Joe drew the line when they interfered with family tradi-tions and routine. [ A ] overwhelmed [ B ] affected [ C ] dominated [ D ] influenced 5. Once you have made your point clear at the __ of the essay， you must then proceed to con-vince readers about the position you have taken. [ A ] departure [ B ] outset [ C ] concentration [ D ] initiation 6. These excursions will give you an even deeper __ into our language and culture. [ A ] inquiry [ B ] investigation [ C ] input [ D ] insight 7. The novel contains some marvelously revealing __ of factory life. [ A ] glimpses [ B ] glances [ C ] shots [ D ] insights 8. Changing from solid to liquid， water takes in heat from all substances near it， and this produces artificial cold surrounding it. [ A ] absorption [ B ] transition [ C ] consumption [ D ] interaction （ＰＳ：The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL：四零零 六六八 六九七八） 9. One way for writers to support a point is through ， that is， by means of several examples to back up an idea. [ A ] illustration [ B ] demonstration
2014年复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 PartΙVocabulary and structure （15 point） Directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEETΙwith a single line through the center. 1. To celebrate innovations and inspire budding entrepreneurs，the famous library is telling the story behind 15 of what it considers the most _______inventions to come out of Britain in the past 10 years. A. ingenious B. insane C. ingenuous D. inquisitive 2. Globalization carries an ______promise that it will relieve poverty and offer security----perhaps the most ancient of human dreams. A. exquisite B. equivocal C. implicit D. inflexible 3. The fact that your application was not successful this thme does not _______the possibility of your applying again next time. A. preclude B. prejudge C. predict D. precede 4. The pressure on employment will increase gradually and the problem of aging will become more ______. A. contagious B. deliberate C. conspicuous D. diverse 5. She was _______about her son’s safety every time he went out on his motorcycle. A. intensive B. abusive C. comprehensive D. apprehensive 6. Our goal is to_______the pace of international movement and steer theconsumer marker towards internationalization. A. harness B. handle C. highlight D. hamper 7. In a world where prodigious sports talents tend to _____higher education altogether for the pros, Tiger Woods chose to continue playing amateur golf at Stanford University as an economics major. A. purify B. forge C. pursue D. forgo 8. Lots of woman complain that the problem with men is that they won’t ________themselves to a relationship. A. commence B. promote C. commite D. prescribe 9. In recent years ,new house sales have slowed down to a crawl, but builders are starting to see sales ______ again. A. pick up B. pick out C. pick on D. pick off 10. In a perfect world this would be sufficient, but computers and software can crash, power cam fail, and other unpredictable catastrophic events can _______to erase your work. A. conduct B. conspire C. count D. compel 11. We shall never know how she came to be there, there is no way to _______it. A. account for B. go over C. hold on D. make up
博士生招生“申请-考核”制探析——以哈尔滨工业大学为例 李玮 【摘要】近年来国内部分高校试行的博士生招生“申请-考核”制是深化我国博士生招生制度改革，完善博士生招生选拔机制的一项重大举措。文章在简要回顾博士生“申请-考核”招生制度产生背景的基础上，以哈尔滨工业大学为例，从报考资格、外语水平、材料审核、学科考核等四个方面，详细介绍了该项制度的实施流程，并通过分析2013年-2015年的录取数据，总结了我校“申请-考核”制度的实施效果。最后在借鉴国外院校博士生招生成功经验的基础上，对进一步推进和完善该项制度提出了建议措施，以期为有关高校建立符合自身特色的“申请-考核”制度提供有益的参考和借鉴。 【关键词】“申请-考核”制；博士生招生；招生改革 一、“申请-考核”制的产生背景 博士学位作为高等教育体系中的最高学历层次，担负着为国家培养高层次拔尖创新人才的重任，对于提高国家竞争力、建设创新型国家、实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略具有重要意义。2013年，我国博士研究生招生人数已达万人，培养规模跃居全球第一。作为选拔优秀博士研究生的“滤波器”，招生工作在整个博士研究生的培养过程中占据着举足轻重的地位。然而，长期以来统一考试仍然是各高校招收选拔博士研究生的主要方式。这种方式通常要求考生参加一门外国语和两至三门专业课的传统考试形式，通过划定单科和总分的最低分数线，确定进入复试的学生名单，再根据复试成绩进行加权求和，结合导师年度招生指标和学生总分，由高到低进行录取。 这种招生方式表面上看是一种严格的选拔性考试，在一定程度上保证了公平、公正、公开，然而随着时代的日新月异和社会对高层次人才的多样化要求，这种制度逐渐暴露出诸如初试制度僵化死板、复试流于形式、缺乏吸引优秀生源的机制等诸多弊端，尤其是外国语成绩实行的“一票否决”权，俨然已经将外国语的重要性置于专业能力之上。这种一刀切的方式，在很大程度上埋没了那些有着深厚科研能力的申请者，限制了高校对优秀学生的遴选与识别工作。由此可见，传统的统一考试制度已经不能对拔尖创新人才进行有效的选拔，并且在很大程度上背离了博士生教育的培养目标，因而积极探索一套适应当代社会对高素质拔尖创新人才选拔机制的博士生招考方式已经迫在眉睫。 近年来，以北京大学、清华大学、哈尔滨工业大学、上海交通大学、南京大学等为代表的国内一流高校开始试行的一种全新的招生选拔方式——“申请-考核”制的出现，为我国博士研究生招生选拔制度注入了全新的活力，提供了有益的经验。教育部、国家发改委和财政部联合下发的《关于深化研究生教育改革的意见》（教研[2013]1号）明确提出：建立博士研究生选拔‘申请-考核’机制，发挥专家组审核作用，强化对科研创新能力和专业学术潜质的考察[1]，进一步从