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祈使句,反意疑问句和感叹句

祈使句,反意疑问句和感叹句
祈使句,反意疑问句和感叹句

专题11祈使句,反意疑问句和感叹句

【考纲解读】

从近几年的高考题可以看出,在四种简单句型中,考查的重点比较集中,主要考查反意

疑问句和祈使句。作为考查点,在全国卷及地方卷单项填空中每年都以灵活、多变的形式出

现。根据英语语言特点、简单句的考查今后仍是热点。

考查的重点是:祈使句和含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句及句尾的附加成分等。

主要考点有:

1.祈使句的判断

2.祈使句固定结构

3.反意疑问句一般用法及特殊用法

【知识要点】

一、简单句

只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句。按照句子的

功能,简单句可分为4类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。其中陈述句中的否定式、疑

问句中的反意疑问句以及感叹句的结构多为考查重点,应重点掌握。以下将对此作重点分析。

1.陈述句

陈述句包括肯定式和否定式两种(肯定式暂略)。注意以下有关否定结构的问题:

He had hardly any schooling before liberation.

Not both of them want to go.(=Both of them don’t want to go.)

All that

hope和be afraid的肯定和否定答语分别为:I hope so./I hope not.及I’m afraid so./I’m afraid not.

2.疑问句

疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。现主要介绍反意疑问

句构成。

形式:句子+简短的疑问句

(1)前面若有多个句子并列,则以最后一个句子为准;若前面部分为主从复合句,一般

来说,以主句为准;但若主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess等,主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时,简短疑问部分的动词、时

态、人称则以从句为准,而肯、否定形式依主句而定。

(2)前面句子含有must,can’t,may等表推测的词时,疑问部分则依据句子的时态及

时间状语而定。

(3)句子是let’s...时,后面用shall/shan’t we;前面部分是let us...祈使句时,后面用will/won’t you。

(4)前面句子是I’m ...时,后面用aren’t I;句子是I’m not...时,后面用am I。

(5)前面是感叹句时,后面跟感叹句的主谓一致,但用否定形式。

(6)当主语是anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody时,疑问部分用复数形式。

否定、肯定形式:

(1)一般说来,前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相反;但当句子前有Oh,Ah,So等语气词时,前面两部分的否定、肯定形式相同。

(2)前面部分有否定词或半否定词时,后面部分用肯定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定

词缀构成的否定词时,后面部分还是用否定形式。

There used to be a cinema here before the war,use(d)n’t there/didn’t there?

Such things ought not to be allowed,ought they?

He seldom comes late,

You don’t think he can finish the work by himself,

Have a cup of tea,will you?

3.祈使句

表示请求、命令、叮嘱等。祈使句的主语是you,但一般被省略;当前面有呼语时,一般

得补出主语you;否定式一般是前面加Don’t。

在“祈使句+and/or/and then+句子”句型中,当祈使句中含有比较级时,可将祈使句中

的谓语部分省略,只留下“比较级或比较级与名词+and/or/and then+句子”。

Get up early tomorrow,or you’ll miss the first bus.

4.感叹句

how修饰形容词、副词或动词构成感叹句。如:

初中英语感叹句和反意疑问句

中考英语重点句法考点:感叹句和反意疑问句 一、结构: What/ How +被感叹的部分+ 主语+ 谓语!What beautiful flowers they are ! 二、变法: 一断,二加,三调位。 一断表示在谓语动词的后面断开,二加表示在断开的两部分中间加what 或how ,三调位表示前后两部分对调位置。 They had a good time yesterday . 一断:They had / a good time yesterday . 二加:They had(what)a good time yesterday . 三调位:What a good time they had yesterday. 三、what引导的感叹句: 1.what + a / an +adj + 单数名词(+主语+ 谓语)! _______ a clever boy he is ! 2.what + adj + 复数名词(+主语+ 谓语)! _______ heavy boxes they are ! 3.what + adj + 不可数名词(+主语+ 谓语)! _______ bad weather ! 四、how引导的感叹句: 1.How + adj / adv + 主语+ 谓语! _________ hard they are working ! 2.How + adj + a / an + 单数名词(+主语+ 谓语)! How tall a boy he is ! 3.How + adj / adv + the + 名词+ 谓语! ________ heavily the rain is falling! 五、what 与how引导的感叹句之间的转换: 1.What a beautiful girl she is != ______ beautiful the girl is ! 2.How delicious the food is != ______ delicious food it is ! 六、几个常见的感叹句: 1.______ great fun it is ! 2.______ important information ! 3.______ good news ! 4.______ good advice / music ! 5.______ a heavy rain ! 6.______a strong wind ! 七、感叹句中常见的不可数名词: food , work , weather , fun , music , information , news , advice 2010中考英语重点句法考点:反意疑问句 一、结构: 陈述句+ 附加疑问句?It's hot today ,isn't it ? 二、原则: 1.前肯后否,前否后肯 2.前名后代 3.时态一致

反义疑问句

反意疑问句。 1、什么是反意疑问句 英语中,反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。反意疑问句有四种类型:(1)肯定陈述+否定简短问句;(2)否定陈述+肯定简短问句;(3)肯定陈述+肯定简短问句;(4)否定陈述+否定简短问句。其中,前两种运用最为广泛。除此之外,反意疑问句还有“祈使句+简短问句”的形式,这种用法通常用于减弱祈使语气。如: Carry this parcel for me, can you? 给我拿一下包,好吗? 陈述部分含“too...to”时,是否定句 2.反意疑问句的结构:陈述句(主语+谓语……),+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(代词形式);陈述句部分如果是肯定句,反意疑问句,疑问句部分的助动词/情态动词/be动词+n ot (否定提问);如果陈述句部分是否定句,反意疑问句,疑问句部分用肯定式提问。 用法说明 1.陈述句中是I am时,简短问句则用aren’t I。 I am an excellent English speaker, aren’t I? I am late, aren’t I ? I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?(我和你姐姐一样高,对吗?) 2. 陈述部分的主语是I , 附加疑问句的部分的主语用you,以表示征询对方的意见,这时等于另外的一个句子,相当于how/what about you ?what do you think ? I like living in the country, don’t you?= I like living in the country, how about you? I found English interesting, don‘t you?= I found English interesting, what do think? 3.陈述句中是非限定人称代词one时,正式文体中,简短问句的主语为one,而非正式文体中用you。 O ne must love one’s country ,mustn’t one/you? One shouldn’t be selfish, shouldn’t one/you? One must be honest, mustn’t one? 4.当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。 R eading English aloud is very important, isn’t it? W hat he said was true, wasn’t it? What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧? 5.当陈述句的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时,简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述句的主语是非人称的复合词,如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。例如: Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they? Nobody came, did they? Everyone thinks they’re the center of the universe, don’t they? Nothing can stop us now, can it?

初中英语知识点总结:感叹句和祈使句

知识点总结 一、感叹句 感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式。尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样,但主要的表现形式只有两种,即what和how引导的感叹句。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。 1、由感叹词what引导的感叹句。what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式: 1)What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!或是:What+名词词组+主语+谓语!如:What a fine day it is! 2)What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:What kind women they are! What nice music it is! 2、由How引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!例如: How hard the workers are working! How clever the girl is! 注意:当how修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。How fast the runner runs! 3、what与how引导的感叹句,一般情况下可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。(具体见下)如:What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is! what a beautiful building it is!==How beautiful the building is! 在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如:What a nice present!(省略it is)How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语) 二、祈使句 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句通常省略主语,谓语动词用原形,句尾用感叹号或句号。 1、肯定结构: 1)动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2)Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3)Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 2、否定结构: 1)don't+动词原形+其他。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2)Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分。如: Let him not go. 别让他走。 3)有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟! 常见考法 对于感叹句和祈使句的考查,常会出现在单选和完成句子中,主要考察两种句子的用法和构成。 典型例题:You should not talk in class.(改写同义句) in class. 解析:本题考查祈使句的用法。从题意“你不应该在课堂上说话”可知,这是建议对方不要做某事的,应该用祈使句。

中考英语重点句法考点:感叹句和反意疑问句

中考英语重点句法考点: ----感叹句和反意疑问句

中考英语重点句法考点:感叹句和反意疑问句 一、结构: What/ How +被感叹的部分+ 主语+ 谓语! What beautiful flowers they are ! 二、变法: 一断,二加,三调位。 一断表示在谓语动词的后面断开,二加表示在断开的两部分中间加what 或how ,三调位表示前后两部分对调位置。 They had a good time yesterday . 一断:They had / a good time yesterday . 二加:They had(what)a good time yesterday . 三调位:What a good time they had yesterday. 三、what引导的感叹句: 1.what + a / an +adj + 单数名词(+主语+ 谓语)! _______ a clever boy he is ! 2.what + adj + 复数名词(+主语+ 谓语)! _______ heavy boxes they are ! 3.what + adj + 不可数名词(+主语+ 谓语)! _______ bad weather ! 四、how引导的感叹句:

1.How + adj / adv + 主语+ 谓语! _________ hard they are working ! 2.How + adj + a / an + 单数名词(+主语+ 谓语)! How tall a boy he is ! 3.How + adj / adv + the + 名词+ 谓语! ________ heavily the rain is falling! 五、what 与how引导的感叹句之间的转换: 1.What a beautiful girl she is != ______ beautiful the girl is ! 2.How delicious the food is != ______ delicious food it is ! 六、几个常见的感叹句: 1.______ great fun it is ! 2.______ important information ! 3.______ good news ! 4.______ good advice / music ! 5.______ a heavy rain ! 6.______a strong wind ! 七、感叹句中常见的不可数名词: food , work , weather , fun , music , information , news , advice

反意疑问句与感叹句Word版

反意疑问句与感叹句 反意疑问句 1)反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。 可记为:前肯后否;前否后肯. 2)陈述部分含have时 ①He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he? (不能用hasn’t he?) ②They have known the matter, haven’t they? (不能用don’t they?) ③She has a nice pen, doesn’t she? 3) 陈述部分含有否定词:few, little, rarely, hardly, never, seldom, no, nothing, nowhere, nobody等,疑问部分要用肯定。 He has never been to Beijing, has he? (不用wasn’t he?) 4) 陈述部分为祈使句(含肯定否定)疑问部分用will you,但陈述部分为 Let’s……时,问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式。 Let me have a try, will you? Let us stop to rest, will you? Let’s go home together, sha ll we? 5) 宾语从句

①I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he? ②We don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?) ②He didn’t think that the news was true, did he? (不用wasn’t/ was it? ) 6) 陈述部分的主语为不定代词: ① Someone has taken th e seat, hasn’t he? ② Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they? ① Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it? ② Nothing has happened to them, has it? 7) 陈述部分为I am (I’m),疑问部分用aren’t I. I am silly, aren’t I? I’m n ot silly, am I? 8) 陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时,问句部分用动词+there(here)?形式。如: ① There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there? ② Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn’t here?

反意疑问句(教师版)

反意疑问句 知识集结 知识元 反意疑问句 知识讲解 1.概念 反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question 或 Question tags)即附加疑问句.它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方赞同. 2.结构: 反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致. 主要形式:陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式;陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式. 1)陈述部分肯定句+疑问部分否定句(可记为前肯后否). 例:They work hard, don't they? 他们努力工作,不是吗? Let's go to the supermarket ,shall we? 让我们去超市,好吗? 2)陈述部分否定句+疑问部分肯定句(可记为前否后肯). 例:You didn't go, did you? 你没去,是吗?

3.用法: 1)反意疑问句的缩写问题 当反意疑问句的附加部分为否定式时,习惯上只用缩写形式,不能分开来写.如: You love him very much, don't you?你很爱他,对不对? 2)反意疑问句用于there be句式 当陈述部分为there be句型时,附加部分仍用there be句式.如: There is a garden at the back of the house, isn't there?房子背后有一座花园,对吗? 3)当 have 为助动词时,其反意疑问句沿用同样的助动词: He has already left, hasn't he?他已经离开了,是吗? 4)当 have 为实意动词时,要分两种情况: ①若表示"所有",反意疑问句可以用have,也可以用do: He has a lot of friends here, hasn't [doesn't] he?他在这儿有许多朋友,是吗? 但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式,反意疑问句用have 还是用do,取决于陈述部分的动词形式: He hasn't any money, has he?他没有钱,是吗? He doesn't have any money, does he?他没有钱,是吗? ②若表示"吃"、"玩"等意思,反意疑问句要用do: He has supper at 5, doesn't he?他5点吃晚餐,是吗? He had a good time at the party, didn't he?他在晚会上玩得很开心,是吗? 4)涉及情态动词的反意疑问句 在通常情况下,当陈述部分含有情态动词时,反意疑问句会重复前面同样的情态动词.如:The boy can read and write, can't he?这男孩会读写,是吗? We shouldn't help him, should we?我们不应该帮助他,对吗?

祈使句与感叹句、陈述句

祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、叮嘱、建议别人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感叹号,但是有些祈使句的语气较弱,可以用句号结尾。祈使句可以用语气词“吧”作结尾,也可以不用语气词。祈使句可以表示命令、请求、禁止、劝阻等。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或 者句号,用降调。祈使句中的主语常常被省去。表示命令的祈使句例如: “保持肃静!”、“起立”表示请求的句式表示请求的句式通常是“请……”。例如: “请等我一会。”表示禁止的句式表示禁止的句式有:“不准……”、“不要……”、“别……”等。例如: 此处不准停车! 例如: 此处禁止吸烟! 表示劝阻的句式表示劝阻的句式通常是「请勿……」。例如:请勿在车厢内饮食。 陈述句:就是把问句化成陈述句。 如。他真的是一个好孩子吗? 转陈述句:他真是一个好孩子。 感叹句:有赞叹类似的语句: 如:他真是一个好孩子啊! 反问句:如:难道他真是的是一个好孩子吗?(注意:陈述句转反问句中一般在句子前加难道……吗?) 双重否定句:两个否定变肯定 如:我不得不承认那个本是我的 在双重否定句中,有那么几个个可以用: 不得不不能不难道……不……不可能不不会不怎么会……不不是不等 更加详细的话你去BAIDU搜一 感叹句:加上“啊”及“!”,有时应加上“真”、“很”、“多么”、“太”。 陈述句改反问句:加上“怎么”“怎能”“难道”其中一个反问词,有“不”改没“不”,没“不”改有“不”(看情况,不能一个词、比如“不声不响”你把它改了意思就变了,要看情况),加上“吗”、“呢”以及“?”。 陈述句改双重否定句:加上“不得不”、“不会不”、“不能不”、“无()不”、“没()不”的其中一个(看情况选)。

初级中学英语语法疑问句和感叹句

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