Analysis of Carrie as a Materialist According to the Naturalism in
Sister Carrie.
Abstract：In the masterpiece Sister Carrie, Theodore Dreiser tells a story of Carrie’s rise from a poor country girl to Broadway star. In the novel, Dreiser uses lots of words to describe the psychology of Carrie from the satisfaction of basic life to the realization of self-development. This thesis aims to analysis the influence of naturalism on the main character Carrie in the road of desire. In the way of her development, th ere are two kinds of people: one is Carrie’s sister and the other is Drouet and Hurstwood, give Carrie the chance to fashion her ideal ego and be a successful actress. The former one stands for the poverty. In there, Carrie is driven by basic needs for survival and physiological necessities. The later one lets Carrie know she should realize her value but not to depend on man. The author finally indicates that in the survival of the fittest world people who industriously adapt to the society can live longer and better.
Key Words: naturalism; Theodore Dreiser; Carrie; desire
通过自然主义分析《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉这一物质主义形象
摘要：西奥多德莱赛在他的杰作《嘉莉妹妹》中讲述了一位农村女孩到城市谋生最后成为百老汇名演员的故事。在这部小说中，德莱赛用了大量笔墨来描写嘉莉最初对基本生活的满足到最后追求自我完善的过程。本文旨在分析自然主义对嘉莉“追求道路”上的影响。在这个过程中，有两种人给了嘉莉自我完善和成为名演员这个机会：一类姐姐明妮一家，另一类是德鲁埃和赫斯特伍德。前者代表贫困，在姐姐家里，嘉莉被生活所迫。而后者让嘉莉意识到她必须实现自己的价值而不是依赖男人。作者还指出在这个优胜劣汰的世界里，谁能努力地适应这个社会，谁就能活得更长，活的更好。
关键词：自然主义；西奥多德莱赛；嘉莉；欲望
Table of contents
1. Introduction (1)
1.1 Literature review (1)
1.2 My purpose of the paper (3)
2. Analysis of Carri e’s life (4)
2.1Busy about Living (4)
2.1.1Bear the rude insult………………………………………………...4.
2.1.2Lower payment (5)
2.1.3Brother-in-law’s cold attitude (6)
2.2To Chase Better Life (7)
2.2.1New life with Druoet (7)
2.2.2New life with Hurstwood (8)
2.3Carrie’s New Career as a Performer (9)
2.3.1The reason she abandoned her husband (9)
2.3.2Dissatisfaction about her current situation (10)
3. The Final Fate of Carrie……………………………………………….…………
1. Introduction
American naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a gloomy philosophical approach to reality or to human existence. Theodore Dreiser was deeply influenced by Darwinism and Spencer’s evolutionism. He believed that we live in a world composed of matter in motion: such matter makes up the natural process, which is both repeatable and have describable in scientific terms. Spenser said that nature symbolically reflected its inner meaning, so that to read the universe was to read the unfolding of nature and to understand the correspondences that existed between man and the animal world. In the works of Dreiser, American society is a world where people struggled. He totally denied the existence and the influence of morals. He thought in the life, there is no aim, no criterion. Only the survival itself is the finally target. So all morals standard is needless and all fantasy is ridiculous. People’s action is totally controlled by “nature”. According to Spencer’s evolutionism that he thought human beings just are animals without free willing. The living world is a purely physical and mechanistic world. Only the survival and development are the important in the survival of the fittest world (Pizer 65).
Theodore Dreiser is the greatest naturalist writer in 20th contrary. His novel Sister Carrie is the one of his masterpiece which has significant meaning in America literature history. But this novel and the main character Carrie are criticized in many different ways. At the beginning of the publishment of this novel, Carrie is blamed as a person who betrays her spirit and body, and abandons her morals. The issues Sister Carrie raised are the typical reflections of the American naturalism (Liu 138). When Dreiser submitted the manuscript to a publisher it was rejected because it was thought likely to offend “the feminine readers who control the destinies of so many works.”Not until 1907, when Sister Carrie was reissued, did it finally reach a sizable reading public and begin to shape the development of American literature. In fact, when people summary the naturalism, Sister Carrie is the first article to be cited and
Theodore Dreiser also is the first person to be argued (Ma 221).
LuJing in her paper said Dreiser tried to illustrate that people do not have good or bad. There are only the stronger and weaker. Survival of the fittest is the principle of this world. So the environment becomes the determined fact in Sister Carrie. It is circumstance around Carrie drove her to seek money, enjoyment and success, which she cannot control (113). Liu Xiaoyan said from the aspect of Darwinism and Spencer’s “survival of the fittest”Carrie’s raising and Hurstwood’s decline is unalterable principle. From the first day they knew each other their fates have become to change. They are driven by instinct. Hurstwood was attracted by Carrie’s beauty and cannot able to extricate himself; Carrie was at the height of her youth and vigor. Own to her beauty she won men’s love. These truths again proved that one’s success depend on not only the heredity but also the circumstance and chance (22). Liu also said that in many critics they thought Carrie was a bad woman who loose in morals, but in Dreiser’s eyes he did not give words to blame Carrie because he thought these moral principle restrain humans instinct. Carrie stayed with two men one after another was not a debauch behavior but a reasonable result of the nature’s power (23). But Mou Ying a teacher from Nan Jing Normal University said Sister Carrie present an unmoral world. She summarized that the main characters, such as Carrie and Hurstwood all were the victims of material force and environmental force (53). Carrie in the novel is an epitome of Dreiser. She dose rise but she does so by means of male stepladder. She is not a simple gold digger; she is much more complex than that. At first, her goals were all visible: clothes, money, and convenient living room. Later, she was not satisfied with the living necessities. She realized she should conquer a high level world. She also was a typical American image in that who struggled in big cities. (Hu and Liu 300)
In this paper, I want to point out that though Carrie was a woman who obeyed the naturalism completely she could not be degenerate. There is an old Chinese saying: to seek fortune in a decent way. Carrie at first depended on Druoet. Later on she met Hurstwood and abandoned the first man. Finally when she became the most popular star in Broadway she then left Hurstwood. I think these facts proved that
Carrie was a irresponsible person. Sometimes her early life was tragedy and I would pay sympathy to her but a successful person could not win a better life by absorbing lager group’s sympathetic. She should be independent by her own talent and capability but not men’s. We all know the American people have a value that they think in America they all have chance to get rid of poverty. But most of them do not know clearly that the treasure and wealthy are related hard working. Depends on others cannot be truly have the better life.
Works Cited
Cao, Man. “Theodore Dreiser.” A Course Book of American Literature. 1st ed.
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Dreiser, Theodore. Sister Carrie. New York: Ainnont Publishing Company, Inc, 1982.
Hu, Yintong and Liu, Shusen. “Theodore Dreiser.” Course in American Literature.
Tian Jing: Nan Jing University Press, 2007.
Hart, James D. “ Naturalism.” The Oxford Companion to American Literature.
1st ed. 2005.
“Naturalism(philosophy)” Wikipedia Online. 2010. Wikipedia. 20 Apr. 2010< https://www.doczj.com/doc/80268291.html,/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)>.
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Perkins, George, and Barbara Perkins, ed. The Tradition in Literature.
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Pizer Donald, ed. New Essays on Sister Carrie. Beijing: Beijing University Press, 2007.
Selden, Raman, ed. The Theory of Criticism.London: Longman,1988.
Tong, Ming. A History of American Literature. Nanjing: YiLin Press, 2002.
刘晓妍. “浅析自然主义在《嘉莉妹妹》中的体现.” 《成都教育学院学报》.
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牟英. “《嘉莉妹妹》—一步自然主义的杰作”. 《海南广播电视大学学报》.
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马晓菲. “《嘉莉妹妹》中的自然主义解读”.《辽宁行政学院学报》. 10,6 (2008)：220-221.
从人物性格看原著中塑造的嘉莉妹妹是个贪恋都市繁华物质欲望强烈的人
但是起码她有进取心且不论手段如何她没有像同时代的大多数女性那样觉得女人是男人的附属品她一直在追求自己事业的成功
从她的情人方面看当然主要还是hurstwood 她与他的人生轨迹的刚好是相反的嘉莉是poor-to-rich hurstwood是rich-to-poor 你可以分析讨论下为什么会出现这种情况
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《英语文学文化及影视赏析》课程教学大纲 一、课程说明 1、课程名称（中英文）：英语文学文化及影视赏析/English Literature and Culture & Appreciation of English movies 2、学时学分：75学时理论教学，2学分 3、适用专业：非英语专业研究生 4、开课学院：外国语学院 5、课程负责人：姜萌萌 二、课程描述： 本课程拟对英语经典文学与相关文化概况进行简要介绍，并遴选英美国家的经典作家和作品，对其文学特色、文化背景进行分析。课程重视文学作品与时代背景、西方历史文化的联系，在教学中将理论与实践相结合，做到寓教于乐。在课内，不仅有作家作品、相关文化背景和信息的介绍、经典作品片段的解读，并通过课堂讨论以及影视作品的欣赏帮助学生最直观地理解西方文化与文学作品的文本意义。在课外，学生需要查阅相关资料，完成相关问题的回答与读书报告，以一种轻松愉悦并且多方面切入的方式学习、了解和体验英语文学文化。该课程目的在于通过英语文学文化的学习，提高学生对英语语言的掌握能力、增强对英语文学经典的理解力和对西方文化的审美能力，进一步养成对英语的敏感性，培养人文素质和文学涵养。 三、教材： 王守仁主编，《英国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 陶洁主编，《美国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 秦秀白，《英美国家概况》，北京：高等教育出版社。 王佐良，《欧洲文化入门》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。 自编讲义 四、教学方式： 理论与实践相结合。 五、考核方式： 提交一篇与所学课程相关的课程论文，用英语完成。 总成绩=期末考试成绩70%+平时成绩30%（考勤占10%）
《嘉莉妹妹》英语读后感 Vivid Heroine ——On Sister Carrie Carrie was such an ordinary rural girl at the beginning of the story. Sitting on the seat of a bus, she couldn’t help feeling exciting at the sight of the metropolis’ spectacle. She was impressed dee ply by large crowd on the avenue, the spacious square or tall buildings. Far more different from other heroines, Carrie was not a plain pure angel like Snow-white, nor was she brave enough to be a heroine of revolutionist or even a reformer, nor was she so clever as to be a successful career woman who start from scratch. What attracted her most, after her entering this huge metropolis was the incredible fineries, fashion shoes, smart handbags displaying in the shop windows, the jewellerys shining brightly behind the glass. She dreamed that one day, she could wear all of these, jogging gracefully into the most luxurious hotel with focused sights of admiration.
海南师范学院本科英语专业理论课教学大纲：美国文学 课程编号：03101026 学时：36 学分：2 一、课程的性质和任务 《美国文学史及选读》是英语语言文学专业（本科）的一门专业知识必修课。它简要介绍了美国文学从十七世纪殖民时期到二十世纪的发展历史及其主要作品。本课程是英语专业的专业基础课，目标是：通过文学史的教学拓宽学生的知识面，提高学生的文学修养，使学生了解英美文学各个历史时期的文艺思潮、文学流派、主要作家和作品； 通过美国文学作品的教学，提高学生对英文原著的理解能力、鉴赏能力，培养学生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力； 通过课外实践活动，激发学生的文学兴趣，培养学生的文学鉴赏和批评能力及论文写作能力 二、相关课程的衔接 本课程是为英语专业高年级学生开设的，学生必须具有良好的英语阅读和理解基本功方能顺利地学习该课程，与此同时，它与美国历史、文化、社会背景等关系密切，因此，学生先期完成英语听说读写等技能训练基本课程，相关衔接课程有《英国文学》，《英语国家概况》《跨文化交际》等课程。 三、教学的基本要求 1．了解美国文学发展史上的重要时期和阶段，包括殖民地时期、独立战争时期、浪漫主义时代、南北战争时期和两次世界大战前后文学现象及特征。 2．了解各个重要发展阶段的代表作家及作品，熟知其内容、风格和艺术价值及其在世界文学史上的重要地位。 3．了解伴随美国文学各个阶段产生的文艺批评思潮，提高学生的文艺理论水平。 四、教学方法与重点、难点 教学方法：教学方法以课堂讲授为主，辅以讨论，并要求学生在课外大量阅读参考书，撰写读书报告及评论课上充分利用网络资源及现代化教学手段，使学生能够积极主动地进行学习 本课程的重点与难点相对来说是一致的 从时段上来说，19世纪20年代以后的美国文学由于处于第二次繁荣时期，对于美国文学的历史走向曾发生了相当重要的影响，自然是本课程的重点而这一阶段的文学语言丰富、色彩各异，且与哲学、史学、艺术学等结合得比较紧密，所以这一时期的文学作品在语言上和思想上都具备一定的难度，是本课程的难点所在另外，后现代文学作品的出现也增加了学生阅读的难度，因此了解后现代作品的创作手法，写作动机也是本科的一个难点解决的办法主要是在专业基础课之外，定期安排专家讲学，题目多涉及与课程难度相关的内容，旨在拓宽
美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一 ) '×15=15I.Multiple Choice (1'______was the first colony in American history. C1. D.Georgia C. Virginia A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey War. the before Revolutionary only good American author 2. _B_____ was the
One “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on of his fellow Americans said, this young nation.”D.Thomas Paine B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson A. John Smith 3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. D. individualism C. intuition B. imagination A. common sense The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ 4. B. Edgar Allan Poe A. Philip Freneau D. Emily Dickinson C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. D. Titanic C. Mayflower B. Armada A. Sunflower D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in 6. Melville's novel __ pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. Moby Dick D. C. White Jacket A. Typee B. Omoo 7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. D.Transcendentalism C.Sentimentalism B.Rationalism A.Modernism 8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. B. Sister Carrie A. The Scarlet Letter The Old Man and Sea D. C. The Great Gatsby 9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. 页1 第 A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious 10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards
《美国文学选读》课程标准 一、课程性质与任务 美国文学选读是英语专业高年级的选修课。它与英美文学史密切结合，使学生在接触到浩繁的文学作品的同时，可以对繁杂的文学现象加以整理和梳理，并形成自己阅读文学作品的习惯，开阔视野，在学习过程中把握正确的理解文学作品的方法。美国文学选读通过向学生介绍文学作品及其作品创作的历史文化背景，培养学生阅读文学作品的兴趣，增强语感，增进学生对美国社会、历史、文化以及生活习俗的了解，提高他们对西方文学的欣赏能力及批评能力。 二、课程教学目标 1．知识目标 1）文学知识：通过本课程的学习，学生应深入、直观地理解各个时期的美国文学作品，把握其思想、语言及创作技巧上的特点；另外，还应对美国的文学评论流变具备相对清晰的认识。 2）语言知识：本课程是通过介绍不同文体的文学作品，深化学生对英语语言的认知、理解和应用的能力。并通过对不同时期英语原文资料的阅读和解析，以一种更加直观的方式了解这门语言的发展。 2．能力目标 1）文学作品鉴赏能力：通过作者作品的讲解，学生可以对作品的社会历史价值和艺术价值进行评价，培养并提高自我的鉴赏能力； 2）语言表达能力：通过课堂和课下阅读及评价任务的完成，学生的口头和书面表达能力能够得到全面的提高； 3）思辩能力：课上小组讨论环节和presentation环节能够激发学生的思辩能力，助其开拓思路，同时也为以后对英语的有效使用打下基础。 3．素质目标 1）文学文化修养：本课程作为英语专业高年级学生的素养课，旨在培养学生对美国文学及文化的理解，可以使学生以直观的方式全面接触这种语言和文化，并形成独立的开放的文化观，进一步强化其跨文化意识； 2）基本的研究素质：本课程通过对文学评论的介绍和讲解向学生传授文学鉴赏的不同视角，可使其具备基本的文学研究素质； 3）文学翻译的基础：本课程通过对文学作品的细读向学生介绍文字背后的人文、历史、政治、哲学及美学等因素，可为文学翻译课程提供较好的材料，并做好前期准备。 三、课程基本信息和内容要求
美国文学教学大纲 一、教学目的 本课程的教学目的：使学生了解和认识美国文学史上一些较有影响的作家的创作倾向、思想方法、在文学史上的地位和成就以及对本国文学乃至世界所产生的影响等等。在此基础上，使学生了解一些名家的代表作品的思想意义、文学价值、写作手法、语言技巧等，提高学生阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。为学生毕业后的教学、研究打下基础。 二、课程教学的基本要求 通过对美国各历史段代背景和重要作家及其代表作品的介绍，使学生了解美国文学发展的历史及各个时期的主要文学流派及其创作特点。通过文本学习提高学生的文学阅读、理解与鉴赏能力以及口头与书面表达等语言技能；并且通过大量阅读与讨论加强学生对文学本质的意识，提高他们的综合人文素质，增强他们对西方文学及文化的理解。 三、学时分配 章次 内容 学时数 课堂讲授学时 一 美国殖民地时期的文学 6 6 二 理性和革命时期文学 6 6 三 浪漫主义时期的文学
6 6 四 现实主义文学 8 8 五 二十世纪文学 6 6 总学时数 32 四、教学方式 以课堂讲授为主，辅以讨论、课后延伸阅读、观赏有文学作品改编的影片。 五、考核方式 本课程考试采取“平时考核”(占40%)与“闭卷考试”(占60%)相结合的方式进行。其中，“平时考核”主要包括学生作业和读书报告，主要考察学生查资料、归纳总结、比较评价等能力。“闭卷考试”主要考查学生对英语国家文化的基本概念和基本知识，测评学生的理解、判断、分析、综合等能力。考试时间按照教务处的统一安排。 六、参考文献： 1 常耀信，《美国文学简史》，南开大学出版社，1990年第1版。 2 李宜燮，常耀信《美国文学选读》，南开大学出版社，1991年第1版。 3 张儒林，《美国文学史》，甘肃教育出版社，1996年第1版。 4 李公昭，《20世纪美国文学导论》，西安交通大学出版社，2000年第1版。 5 邓炎昌，《现代美国社会与文化》，高等教育出版社，1988年第1版。 6 史志康，《美国文学背景概观》，上海外语教育出版社，1998年第1版。 7《美国文学阅读教程》程爱民，南京师范大学出版社，1996年8月。。
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
暑假读书笔记
《嘉莉妹妹读后感》 一八八九年间，聪明、羞怯，?由于无知和年轻而充满了幻想的十八岁的嘉罗琳〃米蓓?（家里人叫她嘉莉妹妹），手提内装四块美元的仿鳄鱼皮手提包，离开故乡小城前往芝加哥。寒酸、凄惶，对未知的繁华充满热望，嘉莉，一个不折不扣的外来妹。西奥多〃德莱塞对此有着切肤之痛，他带着欣喜的目光和屈辱的眼泪小心翼翼地展开笔触，动人的情节便历历如在眼前。 ?她刚到芝加哥，就像夜里吹来的一阵清新的空气一样新鲜，乡下的阳光依然在她眼里闪耀。?脱胎换骨的城市生活让嘉莉迅速地改变：?在这短短的瞬间，乡间的狭隘生活不知怎的就像一件外逃从她身上脱下来，替换她的则是充满种种奥秘的城市生活。?伊始，作者发自肺腑地说：?一个女孩子十八岁离家出门，结局只有两种，要么遇到好人搭救而越变越好，要么很快接受了大都市道德标准而越变越坏。在这样的环境中，要保持中间状态是不可能的。?这不仅是德莱塞个人生活经验的总结，也是上上世纪末美国社会为人处世的箴言。欲望的膨胀和环境的诱惑，而根本点在于前者。我们从那些概念式的句子研读急欲表达的内容。?如同许多凡夫俗子一样，本能和欲念在某种程度上说还是胜利者。??她完全听从自己的欲念摆布，不是走下决心要走的路，而
是很快就随波逐流了。??面对做‘正派人’的呼声，饥饿的痛苦回答得多么有力！沉郁的气氛影响又是多么微妙！?对一个十七八岁的小姑娘，我们能苛责什么呢？一切就交给德莱塞，把楚楚可怜的主人公放在经济飞速发展的美国西部大经济背景下，漫不经心地叙述着每一个情节，让读者不得不叹惋和揪心。全部文本里，没有艳词丽句，也没有美国式的轻松幽默和温柔香风，有的是鞭辟入里的长篇叙事，让我们在19世纪末的美国艰苦的长途旅行时，充满欢乐和忧伤，伴随欲罢不能的入世思考。然而嘉莉是幸运的，她的幸运来自本性的善良和自我的智慧，她比男友德鲁埃和情夫赫斯特伍德都要善良和聪明。 如果禀承王尔德及时行乐的人生哲学，城市的温度和湿度让欲望像流行病毒一样发生骇人听闻的裂变，色彩斑斓的人生如鲜艳的蘑菇，瞬间即逝、腐烂发臭。豪华的沃尔夫大酒店，肮脏的鲍威里附近的小街旅社；嘉莉妹妹的?锦绣前程?，赫斯特伍德的?冰冷的地狱?；赫斯特伍德家人阳光明媚的欧洲之旅，赫斯特伍德本人凄凉的生命终结之路；纸醉金迷的汉纳-霍格酒吧，紧张破败的芝加哥第五街制鞋厂；歌舞升平的大剧院，冷雨凄风的贫民窟。鲜明的对比给读者造成极富震撼的冲击，这就是美国，一座欲望的城市。这世道，要么消灭欲望，皈依基督，让天国仁慈的阳光时时照耀，慰藉衣不蔽体、食不果腹的街头流浪汉；要么遏制欲望，孜