专题4主谓一致和特殊句式
考向1主谓一致
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Fast food is(be) full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
解析根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。
2.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
解析本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less...，动名词短语作主语谓语要用第三人称单数形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.He would ask who we was
were and pretend not to know us.(2016·浙江)
解析who引导的宾语从句中主语是we，谓语应用复数。
2.Hard work have
has made him very ill.(2013·辽宁)
解析work为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
3.Finally，there were
was a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.(2013·陕西)
解析There be句型中be动词应该与其后主语a sudden pull在数上保持一致。
考向2特殊句式
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is，make(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
解析第二个破折号之后为but连接的并列句，whatever it is是让步状语从句，主句为祈使句，所缺词是主句的谓语动词，应使用动词原形。
2.It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2015·湖南)
解析分析句子结构可知此句为强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故用that。
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.I couldn’t believe my luck—not only did I had
have my photo taken with him，but he signed his
name on my shirt！(2011·陕西)
解析考查倒装句的谓语结构，“did＋主语＋动词原形”，故had应改为have。
2.After we left，I said，“That was very nice of you，Mother.But I didn’t think she looked like
Grandma.”“Neither did me
I，” said Mother cheerfully.(2010·浙江)
解析“neither＋助动词＋主语”结构中，主语应该用主格形式，故me应改为I。
◆主谓一致的核心考点
1.就近一致原则
(1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.
2.意义一致原则
(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况
①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.
②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况
表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer.
(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定
①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.
②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
3.语法一致原则
(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语
①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
③“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
④通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Bread and butter is not to his taste.
(2)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
(3)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Two-thirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.
(4)主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，as well as，rather than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
◆倒装句的核心考点
1.全部倒装
(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。
Look，there’s that bookshop I was telling you about.
(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
There goes the phone.I’ll answer it.
(3)such作表语置于句首时。
Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man but the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。
“If you die，who will get your money？” asked Holmes.
(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
In the center of the square stands a monument.
(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
2.部分倒装
在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。
(1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，nowhere，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances，in no case，on no condition等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。Little does he care about what others think.
(2)在not...until...，no sooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等句式中。
Neither does he drink nor smoke.
(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。
Only then did I find I had made a mistake.
(4)在so/such...that...从句中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时。
So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.
(5)当表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。
Times have changed and so have I.
(6)当表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。
They couldn’t understand it at that time，and nor could we.
(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把were，had，should提到主语前面。
Had it not been for your help，we shouldn’t have achieved so much.
(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。
Try as she might，Sue couldn’t get the door open.
(9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。
May you succeed!
◆强调句的核心考点
1.使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。
First impressions really do count.
2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。
强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：(1)强调句型中的主谓一致
在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句
中的谓语动词都要用单数形式is/was，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.
(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或how等。
It was on August 8,2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing.
(3)强调句型的疑问句
强调句型的一般疑问句是“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”；强调句型的特殊疑问句是“特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”。
Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?
When was it that she changed her mind?
(4)在对not...until...结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
注意事项：
1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.
2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。
在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。
It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isn’t it?
3.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。
在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。
It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.
4.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。
当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”，原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不完整。
It was at 14：28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)
It was 14：28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(时间状语从句)
◆省略句的核心考点
1.状语从句中的省略
由when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引导
的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而从句的主语与主句的主语相同或从句的主语为it时，则从句的主语或it和be可省略。
When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to my classmates for help.
If (it is) possible，this machine can be fixed at once.
2.不定式的省略
单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been时，则要保留be，have，have been。
—Will you please look after my house when I’m away?
—I’m glad to.
—Are you a sailor?
—No.But I used to be.
Your work hasn’t been handed in，but it ought to have been.
3.常考的几个省略形式
if ever，if any，if so，if necessary，if not better/worse/taller...than等。
Please correct my mistakes if any.
4.并列句中的省略
并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。
He is going to Hong Kong，but his brother (is going) to America.
My room is on the third floor and his，on the fifth.
◆其他句式的核心考点
1.感叹句
感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。常见句型：
(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！＝How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(形容词)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
(4)How＋主语＋谓语！
What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I’ve never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
2.祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。 祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you ，但往往省略。 祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don ’t ，也可用副词never 构成。 祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do 。 祈使句的常见句型：
(1)祈使句＋and ＋陈述句 “如果……就……”
(2)祈使句＋or/otherwise ＋陈述句 “……否则……”
(3)名词词组(多含有more ，another)＋and ＋陈述句 “如果再……就……”
One more day ，and I ’ll get everything ready.
再多给我一天， 我就会把一切准备好。
题组一 主谓一致集训
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Either you or the headmaster is(be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
2.The teacher ，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class ，was visiting(visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.
3.Two fifths of the land in that district is(be) covered with trees and grass.
4.With more forests being destroyed ，huge quantities of good earth are being washed(wash) away each year.
5.He is the only one of the students who has been(be) a winner of scholarship for three years. Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.The singer and ∧the dancer are to attend our evening party.或The singer and dancer are is
to attend our evening party.
2.They each has have
an apple. 3.He joins the football team who
is are all famous footballers. 4.Dr.Smith ，together with his wife and daughters ，are is
going to visit Beijing this summer. 5.As a result of the serious flood ，two-thirds of the buildings in the area
needs need
repairing. 6.Those who likes like to sing can join us. 题组二 倒装句集训
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
2.Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood water last year.
3.Present at the party last night were(be) Mr Green and many other guests.
4.The moment the bell rang，out rushed(rush) the children.
5.Had he caught the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.
6.Not until I caught sight of my teacher in the crowd did I calm down.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.When we heard the exciting news，there was silence all over the hall at first.Then come
came voices
of shouting.
2.So loudly ∧
did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
3.If you don’t go there tomorrow，neither does
will Tom.
4.Hard although
as/though he tried，he was unable to make much progress.
5.I can’t swim and
so
neither/nor can Kate.
6.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky made make sense.
题组三强调句集训
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
2.Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?
3.To tell you the truth，Tom did take my pen by mistake yesterday，but he has said sorry to me.
4.It was not until I went there that I began to know something about the matter.
5.—Why was it that you were so angry?
—Because we failed to take part in the basketball match.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.It is only when you reread the poem which
that you can really appreciate it.
2.I received his mother’s telephone call at eleven.It was then when
that I knew that he was badly hurt
in a traffic accident yesterday.
3.It was ∧
not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
4.After hard efforts were made，the family did或managed
manage to send him to a technical school.
5.When was it
∧
that he made up his mind to take this course?
题组四省略句集训Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.One day，he came up with an idea that he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.
2.Film has a much shorter history，especially when compared(compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
3.Her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party，but she still hopes to.
4.Make(make) good use of learning resources such as the website and library，and you will make great progress.
5.You can’t imagine what difficulty we had walking home in the snowstorm.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.Such knowledge is still useful when applying
applied to similar situations in other countries.
2.Stopping
Stop criticizing your children like this，or they will refuse to tell you their true feelings.
3.Though I’m not a volunteer any more，I used to ∧
be and I’ve done some voluntary work with
my friends.
4.What
How different life today is from what it was 20 years ago!
5.I won’t go to the party even if being invited.
Ⅲ.语法填空(特殊句式专练)
Dealing with homeless families 1.is(be) one part of my job.It was from a single mother 2.that the very first call I had was.She was weeping.Not until I promised to help her 3.did she stop weeping.After being told that she had got into a terrible car accident，I learned that accident made her lose her job.Because of this，she fell behind with her rent 4.and she was being forced to leave her apartment.She had to pay for the rent.5.If not，nowhere could she and her two children go.
Having explained the situation，she stopped，saying，“I’m so sorry！Thank you for letting me tell my story.I’ve tried every shelter and church organization in the area but no one 6.does listen or care.”
7.What an unfortunate thing！At that time there being no openings for family housing，I took her number down and told her I’d call her right https://www.doczj.com/doc/988981582.html,ter，hardly 8.had I found an opening for a family in a shelter in her area when I called her back.She was shocked when 9.answering(answer) my call.She said，“Never 10.did I really expect you to call me back.” I gave her the good news and she started weeping again.But this time they were tears of happiness and hope.
在书面表达中适当引入特殊句式，可提高表达的层次，增强交际效果。但是学生在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：
1.主谓不一致
?????
(误)Your friend and adviser have agreed to lend me
some money.(正)Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me some money.
????? (误)Many a scientist have sacrificed their lives for
science.
(正)Many a scientist has sacrificed his life for science.
????? (误)Mr Wang ，together with his wife ，have gone to
Australia.
(正)Mr Wang ，together with his wife ，has gone to Australia.
????? (误)Each of the boys have their own books.(正)Each of the boys has his own books.
????? (误)The blind is not able to walk without sticks.(正)The blind are not able to walk without sticks.
????? (误)Five years have passed since then.(正)Five years has passed since then.
2.缺乏运用意识
语言输出时，多用正常语序的简单句、并列句等，而缺乏运用特殊句式的意识。
????? (简单句堆积)I am Li Hua.I am chairman of the
Student Union.I am from Chenguang High School.
(同位语)I am Li Hua ，chairman of the Student
Union ，from Chenguang High School.
????? (一般表达)I didn ’t realize its importance until I was
chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.
(倒装句)Not until I was chosen monitor of my class
in my senior middle school did I realize its importance.
(强调句)It was not until I was chosen monitor of my
class in my senior middle school that I realized its importance.
3.运用中出现语法错误
?
???? (误)Only work hard can you achieve your goal.(正)Only by working hard can you achieve your goal. ?
???? (误)There have some problems exist in our school.(正)There exist some problems in our school. ?????
(误)Only after the war learned he the sad news.(正)Only after the war did he learn the sad news. ????? (误)It was at midnight when I got back home yesterday.(正)It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.(正)It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
(一)
1.Tibet is such a place as all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.
2.To our astonishment ，we saw a light and some people in a cabin.Jim was too frightened to go on but I felt curious ，wondering what was happening.
3.Though it has been one year since he came to the city ，he knows every street here like the back of his hand.
4.The poor dog lay at the end of the driveway and hardly moved.I was very sad ，but dared not say anything to my mother.
5.If you happen to get lost in the wild ，you ’d better stay where you are and wait for help.
6.It is since she left China that Jane has been living in London.
7.Many young people ，most of whom were well-educated ，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
8.Finally ，keep in mind that there are many things that can ’t be learnt immediately ，and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.
9.In a talk at Tsinghua University in Beijing ，Zuckerberg spoke Chinese for about 30 minutes.Though /Although /While his Chinese was far from perfect ，the students cheered his effort.
10.At the top of the hill lies(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
11.So touching did the song sound that I couldn ’t hold my tears back when I heard it for the first time.
12.The books on the desk ，whose covers are shiny ，are prizes for us.
13.Success partially depends on whether you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.
14.No one in the department but Tom and I knows(know) that the director is going to resign.
15.Every day read(read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
(二)
16.I will never forget such a beautiful village where I spent my childhood with my grandparents.
17.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.
18.Never lose heart and you ’ll make a quick advance in your project.
19.More than one doctor was(be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
20.There they met people from other parts of the country ，who had also volunteered to help.
21.Recently ，a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine that pleasant smells might reduce pain.
22.Scientists say it may be five or six years before it is possible to test this medicine on patients.
23.She says that she ’ll have to close the shop unless business improves.
24.Bob is in a hopeless situation ，which we will keep a very close eye on.
25.Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building ，and that ’s where I don ’t agree. Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
(一)
1.Everyone has periods in their lives
that when everything seems very hard. 2.It ’s our hope what that
the two sides will work towards peace. 3.My brother doesn ’t study very hard ，
and but he always gets excellent grades. 4.As the proverb says ，“Where there
has is a will ，there ’s a way.” 5.I will never forget the day on that which
we went to buy guitars in a guitar store. 6.The salesgirl didn ’t understand
that what the foreigner was saying. 7.With little sleep and hardly any break ，so he works from morning till night.
8.Reading Read
this story ，and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. 或Reading this story ，and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
9.There are three people in my family and I ’m the only child ，
who which is very common in Chinese families.
10.That It
is known to us that respect for one ’s parents is one of Chinese traditional moral values. 11.Once the damage is done ，and it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
12.I saw a 7- or 8-year-old boy wearing a man ’s overcoat it that/which
covered him from neck to toe.
13.Every time I saw the straw hat ，and it reminded me of the tour I made years before.
14.I have a habit of taking a coffee ，which make makes
me feel energetic when I have to stay up late. 15.The ringtone of some people sounds very noisy
but and unpleasant ，especially in the cinema. (二)
16.Most importantly ，living with your friends will improve your team spirit ，
that which will be beneficial to your future career.
17.Following Follow
the instructions on the packet when you take the drug and the drug ，I think ，will work soon.
18.What That
he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 19.In spite of these difficulties ，but I believe practice makes perfect.
20.Good night and remember ，you ，dear diary ，is are
my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.
21.The news what that
he died in the battle has gone around in the village. 22.I will stay on a health farm
which where I won ’t be able to eat much and I ’ll have to stick to my regular diet for a month.
23.There is no doubt
whether that
our company will make greater and greater contributions to the development of Jinan. 24.Furthermore ，we can ’t overlook the fact ∧that it must be operated with a phone and a network.
25.We stood around him and watched attentively ，after that which
we started to try by ourselves. 或We stood around him and watched attentively ，∧and after that we started to try by ourselves.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2018·江西赣州十四县(市)期中联考)
One day ，about ten years ago ，while 1.working(work) at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History ，I saw an elderly couple come in with a little girl in the wheelchair.As I looked closer at this girl ，I found that she 2.was fixed(fix) on her chair.I then realized she had no arms or legs ，just a head ，a neck and her upper body,3.dressed(dress) in a little white skirt.As the couple wheeled her up to me ，I turned my head towards the girl.When I took the money from her grandparents ，I looked back at the girl ，who was giving me the most optimistic
smile I had ever seen.All of 4.a sudden，her handicap was 5.gone(go) and all I saw was this beautiful girl,6.whose smile just melted me and almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of 7.what life is all about.She took me from a poor，unhappy college student and 8.brought(bring) me into her world：a world of smiles，love and 9.warmth(warm).
I’m a successful businessman now and 10.when/whenever I think about the troubles of the world，I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught me.
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2018·安徽蚌埠第二中学期中)
Dear Li Ming，
The summer holiday is around corner.Do you have any plan for them？I plan to read some English book during the holiday and I needed your recommendations.
Firstly，I want to improve my English level，hope one day I can go to abroad for further study in other countries，such as America and England.Secondly，I also desires to know more history，geography as good as cultures and traditions about these countries.But can you make a list of the books of me to read？Thank you sincerely in advance.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Li Hua 答案
Dear Li Ming，
The summer holiday is around ∧
the corner.Do you have any plan for
them
it？I plan to read
some English book
books during the holiday and I
needed
need your recommendations.
Firstly，I want to improve my English level，
hope
hoping one day I can go to abroad for further
study in other countries，such as America and England.Secondly，I also desires
desire to know more
history，geography as good
well as cultures and traditions about these countries.
But
So can you make a list
of the books of
for me to read？Thank you sincerely in advance.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Li Hua
第十讲特殊句式（倒装，省略，主谓一致等） 1．完全倒装 (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 [点津]上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。 Away they went.他们走了。 (2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。 Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。 2．部分倒装 (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.(摘自2011湖南高考) 直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。 (2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。 Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(摘自2010江西高考) 直到他离开了家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。 (3)hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.一听到这个消息他就哭了。 The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语……。 Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her. 自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。 [点津]so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。 —It is too hot. ——天太热了。 —So it is. ——是啊，的确很热。 (5)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。 (6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。 Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(摘自2009重庆高考) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。 Much as he likes the car, he can't afford it.尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。 1．The notice says that only when your identity has been checked ________________. (allow) 通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。答案：will you be allowed in 2．We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______________________ about how they work.(think) 听到笑话我们会大笑，但是我们很少思考他们是怎样起作用的。答案：do we think 1．强调句型 结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。 (1)时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调
[主谓一致] 高考语法综合练习 选用括号内适当的动词。 1.Two hours__________(is,are)not long enough for this test. 2.One and a half apples__________(is,are)left on the table. 3.One and a half days__________(is,are)all I can spare. 4.There__________(is,are)two pairs of glasses on the table. 5.Traffic police__________(is,are)always very busy. 6.The English__________(likes,like)to be with their family at Christmas. 7.His family__________(is,are)all very well. 8.About twenty percent of the students in our class__________(is,are)girls. 9.All__________(is,are)here.Let's start our meeting. 10.What the children want__________(is,are)storybooks. 11.This is the one of the books on the subject that__________(has,have)ever been written in Chinese. 12.Bread and butter__________(is,are)a daily food in the west. 13.No man and no woman__________(is,are)going to do such a shameful thing. 14.Not only my brother but also I__________(am,is)going there. 15.Mary as well as her classmates__________(has,have)learned to drive a tractor. 16.There__________(is,are)more than one answer to your question. 17.Two thirds of the population of the city__________(is,are)immigrants(移民). 18.The students each__________(has,have)a dictionary. 参考答案： 1.is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词作主语,通常看作整体,谓语用单数。 2.are。如果“one and a half+复数名词”作主语,指时间时谓语用单数,如下题。
一、语法一致 1.不可数名词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。 When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.何时何地建厂还未定下来。 2.由and 连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语通常用复数。如： Tom and Mary have been married for ten years.汤姆和玛丽结婚10年了。 The bread and the butter taste good.奶油和面包很好吃。 注意事项： （1）当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，谓语用第三人称单数形式（这时应注意冠词的用法：后一个名词前无冠词）。 The poet and writer has gone to Beijing 那位诗人兼作家去北京了。 There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。 Here is a needle and thread for you.这是给你的针线。 Bread and butter tastes good.奶油面包很好吃。 Time and tide waits for no man.岁月不待人。 （2）and所连接的连个名词前分别有every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。 No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。 Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。 Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。 （3）在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也会傻。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。 3.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, except, but, besides, no less than, as well as, including, in addition to, rather than 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如： The teacher, together with his students is watching TV. 老师和学生们正在看电视。 The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.女生和那位老师在跳舞。 Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.除了汤姆和杰克没人知道这个秘密。 4.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one,
主谓一致与特殊句式跟踪练习 再战初中考点---夯实基础 主谓一致 1 (2018·湖南湘西) —Excuse me. Is there a bank near here? —______. It’s just between my house and a post office. A. Yes, it is B. No, there isn’t C. Yes, there is 2.（2018·四川自贡）24. — Did your father use to _______ to work? —Yes, but now he likes using public transportation. He is used to _______ the bus. A. drive; taking B. driving; taking C. driving; take 3.(2018·新疆)27. Both Mike and I _______ ready for the new high school life. A. be B. am C. is. D. are 4. （2018. 贵州安顺）The number of the elderly(老人) increasing in China, and wi th the development of China economy, they better care of in the future. A. is; will take B. are; are taken C. is; will be taken D. are; will take 5.(2018·四川达州)—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？ —It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败). A. where show B. which show C. that shows D. who shows 6.(2018·江苏苏州) —I’m Daisy, not Jessie. —Sorry, I have difficulty people’s name. A. remembering B. remember C. to remember D. remembered 7. (2018·江苏泰州) Not only children but also my husband ________ crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《红海行动》). A.is B. are C. am D. be 8.(2018·甘肃武威)19. Our city is cleaner than it __________ be. A. is used to B. used to C. uses to D. is used 9. (2017·四川眉山)— How many _____ doctors are there in your hospital, David？ — _____ them _____ over one hundred. A. woman; The number of: is B. women; A number of; are
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致。 语法一致原则 语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1．单数名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ?To study French well is not easy. 学好法语不容易。 ?What he said is very important for us all. 他说的话对我们大家很重要。 【注意】由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式；但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 ?What I bought were three Chinese books. 我买的是三本中文书。 ?What I say and do are helpful to you. 我所说的、所做的都对你有帮助。 2．由连接词and或both...and...连接起来的合成主语后面，谓语动词要用复数形式。 ?Both she and he are middle school students. 他和她都是中学生。 【注意】(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或事(物)时，主语后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 ?The writer and artist has come. 那个兼有作家和艺术家双重身份的人来了。 ?To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。 (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 ?No boy and no girl likes it. 男孩和女孩没有一个喜欢这个的。
第11讲特殊句式和主谓一致 特殊句式 [深化认知] 一、倒装句 (一)部分倒装 1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 Not until the press reported the pollution did people know why the water supply had been cut off. 直到报纸报道污染情况，人们才知道水供给为什么会被切断。 2．“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 (2013·全国卷Ⅱ单选)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital. 只有增加50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。 3．so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss. 他患病突然，全家人全然不知所措。 4．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/ neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。 5．as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分”的形式。 Hard as they tried，they couldn't make her change her mind. 尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。 (二)全部倒装 1．here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before. 约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。 2．such置于句首时。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这些就是事实，没有人能否定它们。 [名师指津]此句型中such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 二、省略句 1．复合句中的省略 在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are)stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. 这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。
考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
1
Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
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十、主谓一致和特殊句式 1. The lake is calm and clear，and one of the things that ________ in the water is the famous tower. A．reflects B．reflect C．is reflected D．are reflected 答案 D [考查主谓一致。句意：湖水平静而清澈，倒映在水里的物体之一是著名的高塔。 在“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”的句式中定语从句的谓语用复数。] 2．This series of products ________ in special price for a month to promote its sales from next tenth. A．are B．is to be C．has been D．would be 答案 B [考查主谓一致。句意：从下个月十号开始，这系列的产品会以特殊的价格促销一个月以提高销量。series of与后面的名词构成名词短语时谓语动词用单数。] 3．The teacher as well as the students ________ planting trees. A．are B．is C．has D．have 答案 B [考查主谓一致。句意：老师和同学们在植树。as well as句型中的谓语动词与主语一致，即要与“teacher”保持一致，故选择B项。] 4．We each ________ strong points and each of us，on the other hand，________ weak points. A．have；has B．have；have C．has；have D．has；has 答案 A [句意：我们每个人都有长处；从另一方面说，我们每个人也都有弱点。第一个分句的主语是we，each是we的同位语，故谓语动词用复数；第二个分句的主语是不定代词each，谓语动词用单数。on the other hand是插入语。] 5．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A．is B．are C．has D．have 答案 C [句意：在摇滚音乐会上听很大声的音乐会导致很多青少年听力受损。动名词短语作主语，句子谓语动词用单数形式，根据caused判断，此处用has，构成现在完成时。] 6．—________ the team finished most of their research work? —Yes，but the rest ________ rather difficult. A．Has；are B．Has；is C．Have；are D．Have；is
主谓一致和特殊句式练习题 ( )1. （2016年上海）Thetwins _________ fond of the new idea in the magazine article. A.be B. am C. is D. are ( )2. A woman with a young boy _______ getting into Uncle’s car. A.is B. are C. has D. were ( )3. (2016 烟台) There _______ a number of books in the library and the number of them ________ increasing. A.has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are ( )4. (2016乌鲁木齐) ---_______ exciting news it is ! Disneyland in Shan ghai has opened to the public ! --- _______. We plan to go there this summer holiday. A.What an ; So it is B. What; So it is C.How; So it is D. How; So it is ( )5. （2016年兰州）I _______ you can finish the exam in two hours. A.does believe B. do believe C. did believe D. do believe ( )6. (2016年武汉) ---What’s the matter, Jenny ? ---- _______ something wrong with my bike. A.It is B. There is C. I have D. It has ( )7. People always like to follow others. If one boy has a red T-shirt, _______ other boys. A.so will B. n either will C. so have D. neither have ( )8. (2016乌鲁木齐) --- My sister and I will go to the library tomorrow. ---_______. Shall we go together ? A.So am I B. So do I C. So I am D. So will I ( )9. ---What’s Tom’s fa vorite s ubject ? --- I’m not sure. Maybe physics _______ his favorite subject. A.are B. were C. was D. is ( )10. A number of students in this school _______ from the country. They work very hard. https://www.doczj.com/doc/988981582.html,es B. come C. came D. will come
高考英语语法：主谓一致 主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致(或叫形式一致)，意义一致或就近一致 ①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数 ②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数 ③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致 分述 1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数 a. Somebody is waiting for you outside. b. Nobody knows the answer. 有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 若不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 若不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half 等 a. All are happy to hear the news. b. All that has to be done has been done. c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water. d. Half of the wood has been carried away. 2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy,government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员(个体), 则谓语动词用复数 a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers. b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem. 集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数 a. The police are looking for the thief.
高三下期英语二轮复习专题学案 主谓一致和特殊句式专项讲解 主谓一致的核心考点 1.就近一致原则 (1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. (2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks. 2.意义一致原则 (1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况 ①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。 Politics is his favorite subject. ②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。 Do you know when the United Nations was set up? (2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer. (3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 ①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers. ②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。 The poor were looked down upon in the old days. 3.语法一致原则 (1)由and连接的两个名词作主语 ①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。 The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. ②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。 The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
2018届高考语法专项主谓一致和特殊句式 一主谓一致 一、主谓一致的基础“3原则” 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。 1．语法一致原则 主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 ◆The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。 ◆I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 2．就近一致原则 (1)由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 ◆Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 (2)由there，here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 ◆There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 3．意义一致原则 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。 ◆The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。 (2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ◆Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 (3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 ◆Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
专题十一主谓一致与特殊句式 主谓一致 主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1．语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy. [名师指津]what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What he said is far from the truth. What the school needs are qualified teachers. (2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher as well as his students was very excited. I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame for the accident. (3)and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room. The poet and writer has produced many works. (4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。 I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasure. (5)“many a或more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no 所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 2．意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. The class are doing experiment. (2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. All of this is wonderful, but the best part of this film is the acting. (3)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The old are taken good care of here. (4)a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project. (5)“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。