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当代高职高专英语第二册电子教案 盛跃东主编

当代高职高专英语第二册电子教案 盛跃东主编
当代高职高专英语第二册电子教案 盛跃东主编

UNIT ONE LOVE

1 Teaching Objectives

A Understand the main idea of the text

B Mater the key language points and grammatical structures in the Text

C Training of basic reading, listening, speaking, and translation activities in the Text.

2 Important points:

A New words and expressions

B Text structure analysis

C Structured writing

D Listening and speaking

3 Time Allocation

Text A :3 Text B: 2 Listening an speaking : 1

4 Language Focus

1.John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his Army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. (Para. 1)

stood up from the bench意为“从长凳上站起身”。

这里现在分词短语“making their way through Grand Central Station”作定语,修饰“the crowd of people”。现在分词短语可在句中作定语,例如:

1)Will the people sitting at the back please keep quiet?

坐在后面的人请保持安静。

2)We shall arrive too late to catch the train leaving at eight.

我们会到得太晚赶不上八点开出的火车。

2.He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose.

句中“whose”引导定语从句。当“whose”用来引导定语从句时,其先行词不仅可以指人,还可以指物。例如:1)The elderly woman, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.

那个腿严重受伤的老妇人被迅速送往了医院。

2)It was a meeting whose importance he did not realize at the time.

这个会议的重要性当时他还未意识到。

3.Taking a book off the shelf he found himself interested, not in the words of the book, but in the notes penciled in the margin. (Para. 2)

这句话意为“当他把一本书从书架拿下来时,发现自己被吸引了,不是被书里的文字,而是在页边空白处铅笔写的笔记。”句中现在分词短语“Taking a book off the shelf”作时间状语。现在分词短语可在句中作时间状语。例如:

1)Opening the door, I saw nobody in. 打开房门,我发现里面没人。

2)Hearing the sad news, we were very much grieved. 听到这个悲痛的消息,我们感到很伤心。

这里pencil 一词为动词,意为“用铅笔写”。penciled in the margin是过去分词短语作定语,修饰the notes。过去分词短语可在句中作定语。例如:

The method used by them is very efficient.

4.He wrote her a letter, introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. (Para.3) 句中现在分词短语“introducing himself and inviting her to correspond”作伴随性状语,

表示行为方式和伴随状况。例如:

1)She was still there, waiting for him in the rain.

她仍然站在雨中等他。

2)They stood by the roadside, watching the parade.

他们站在路边观看游行。

5.During the next year and one-month the two grew to know each other through the mail. (Para. 4)

grow表示“(逐渐)变得”,比get要正式些。例如:

He has grown to like mathematics.

他逐渐喜欢起数学来。

6.Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. (Para. 4)

这里现在分词短语“falling on a fertile heart”作定语,修饰“a seed”。这句话的意思是:每一封信都是一粒播撒在肥沃的心灵之田上的种子。

7.She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. (Para.5)

句中“it”是形式主语,指代“what she looked like”(不管她长得怎么样)。例如:

1)It doesn't matter if you win or lose.

你赢还是输都没关系。

2)It doesn't matter what you say.

你说什么都没关系。

8."You'll recognize me," she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my coat." (Para. 7)

这里by表示“借助于;通过”。“I…ll be wearing on my coat”为定语从句,关系代词that 被省略。从句中用将来进行时表示将来某时进行的动作或所处的状态,也可以表示按预测将会发生的事情。例如:

1)By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.

到明天这个时候,我就躺在沙滩上了。

2)Dr. Johnson will be visiting Hong Kong in February and July.

约翰逊博士会在2月和7月来香港访问。

9.Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like springtime come alive. (Para. 10)

这里like意为“as if(就象)”,是非正式用法。例如:

1)He looked at me like I was mad.他看着我,好像我疯了似的。

2)This meat smells like it's gone bad.

这肉闻起来像是坏了。这里in表示“穿着”。例如:

He looked very handsome in his uniform. 穿着制服的他看上去很英俊。

句中come alive意为“充满活力”。

“A woman well past 40”为独立主格结构作伴随状语。独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词(作为该短语结构的逻辑主语),加上一个分词、形容词、副词或介词短语(作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语)构成。例如:She was lying on the grass,her hands crossed under her head.

她躺在草地上,头枕双手。

11.And there she stood. (Para. 14)

此句为倒装句。在here, there引出的倒装句中,当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句。例如:

Here comes the postman! 邮递员来了!

但当主语是代词时要用部分倒装句。例如:

Here he comes. 他来了。

12.My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. (Para. 15)

在that引导的定语从句中,to identify me to her是不定式作表语。不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,例如:1) What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.

我想做的是尽快把工作完成。

2)The most important thing for one?s health is to have plenty of exercise.

对一个人的健康来说最重要的是做大量运动。

●Extra Reading

◆Language Focus

1.Texas journalist, Sheila Taylor Wells writes a weekly lifestyles column as well as a bi-weekly travel

column for the Fort Worth Star –Telegram. (Para. 1)

这里Texas journalist 的意思是“德克萨斯州的记者”,Sheila Taylor Wells是这位记者的名字,在句中作同位语;as well as意为“除……之外;又,不但……而且”。

例如:

He speaks German as well as English and French.

她不但会讲德语,也会讲英语和法语。

2. I wasn't looking to meet someone special and in fact, I was looking NOT to meet someone.(Para. 3)

这里look to的意思为“期待”。例如:

I look to be with my parents soon.

我希望不久就能和父母亲在一起。

句中not大写表示强调。not可置于动词不定式前否定动词不定式。例如:

1) He asked me not to go there.

他要我别去那儿。

2) She asked me not to drive so fast.

她要我别开快车。

UNIT TWO Education

1 Teaching Objectives

A Understand the main idea of the text

B Mater the key language points and grammatical structures in the Text

C Training of basic reading, listening, speaking, and translation activities in the Text.

2 Important points:

A New words and expressions

B Text structure analysis

C Structured writing

D Listening and speaking

3 Time Allocation

Text A :3 Text B: 2 Listening an speaking : 1

4 Language Focus

1.本文作者是微软公司主席和首席软件设计师比尔·盖茨(William (Bill) H. Gates)。微软公司是为个人计算机和商业计算机提供软件、服务和Internet技术的世界范围内的领导者。

2.Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about education. (Para. 1) hundreds of表示“数以百计的”,后接可数名词的复数。例如:

hundreds of people(数以百计的人们),hundreds of messages(上百条信息)

类似的表达法还有:thousands of(数以千计),millions of(成千上万)等。注意:hundred,thousand,million等数量词之前加数词或several时,不能用复数形式。例如:

two hundred(二百),several thousand(几千),three thousand million(三十亿)

ask for advice意为“向某人讨教”。动词短语ask for意为“请求得到”。例如:

1)Everything you asked for is ready. 你要的东西都准备好了。

2)We ask for your cooperation. 我们要求你们的合作。

what to study是一种特殊的不定式结构作动词know的宾语,相当于:what they will study。不定式之前可以加上why以外的其他连接代词或连接副词。这一结构中的不定式具有明显的将来意义或情态意义,相当于连接代词或连接副词引导的从句,其中的谓语动词表示将来时间或带有情态意义。例如:1)We don’t know which way to take.

相当于We don’t know which way we should take.

我们不知道该走哪条路。

2)I don’t know whom to turn to for help.

相当于I don’t know whom I can turn to for help.

我不知道该向谁求助。

3.They want to know what to study, or whether it's okay to drop out of college since that's what I did. (Para. 1)

这里的okay等于OK;drop out of意为“不参与,退出”。例如:

1)He dropped out of the race because of a bad cold.

他因重感冒而退出了比赛。

2)Victor had to drop out of college because he developed lung cancer.

维克托因得了肺癌不得不辍学。

did在此代替了dropped out of college。助动词可代替前面出现过的动词,以避免重复。例如:

1)You know as much as I do. (= You know as much as I know)

你知道得跟我一样多。

2)—May I come round in the morning? 上午我可以来拜访你吗?

—Yes, please do. (= Yes, please come round.) 可以,请来吧。

4.A smaller number of parents send messages, often painful, seeking guidance for their son or daughter. (Para.

2)

send a message意为“发送消息”。例如:

1)I have sent mother a message to tell her I shall be home late. 我已经给母亲捎了个信儿,告诉她我晚点回家。2)Send a message to your friends and family. 发条短信给你的朋友和家人。

此句中的often painful是主语补语,说明主语的状况;seeking guidance for their son or daughter是现在分词作伴随情况,意为“为子女寻求指导”。现在分词和过去分词都可以作伴随情况,说明主语的状态,现在分词表示主动状态,过去分词表示被动状态。例如:

1)She went out of the room crying. 她哭着走出了房间。

2)He sat on the ground, both terrified and worried. 他坐在地上,既恐惧又担心。

5.My basic advice is simple and heartfelt: Get the best education you can. (Para. 3)

you can是个省略形式,等于you can get。类似用法详见本课第3条注释。

6.Take advantage of high school and college. (Para. 3)

take advantage of是固定短语,意为“利用”。例如:

1)The basketball player took advantage of the defender’s mistake to score a goal.

这位篮球运动员利用了对方防卫的判断失误进球得分。

2)Many schools don’t take full advantage of the Internet. 很多学校没有充分利用因特网。

7.Learn how to learn. (Para. 3)

how to learn是副词引导的动词不定式,其用法见本课第2条注释。

8.It's true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out —and I'd love to have the time to go back. (Para. 4)

此句中it是形式主语,代替后面that引导的主语从句。类似的例子还有:

1)It is clear that these facts are very important.

很清楚,这些事实是很重要的。

2)It is very clear that children begin to acquire language at an early age.

很明显,孩子很早就开始接受语言。

9.As I've said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider. (Para. 4)

此句是个复合句,as引导比较状语从句,nobody should drop out of college是主句,unless引导的是否定条

lifetime。

前缀re-表示“再、又、重新”的意思。例如:reconnect(重连,再连)reconstruct(重建)redefine(重新定义)redesign(重新设计)rediscovery(再次发现)

10.The computer industry has lots of people who didn't finish college, but I'm not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school. (Para. 5)

这里的aware是形容词,表示“知道的,明白的,意识到的”等意思,后接of短语或that引导的宾语从句。例如:

1)I was not aware of the danger. 我没有意识到危险。

2)I’m aware that Jenny has come. 我知道詹妮已经来了。

11.I actually don't know any high school dropouts, let alone any successful ones. (Para. 5)

let alone是个固定词组,意为“更不用说”。例如:

1)He hasn‘t enough money for food, let alone amusements.

他连吃饭钱都不够,就更不用说娱乐的钱了。

2)I can’t remember the title of the book, let alone the details of the story.

我连书的的名字都记不起,更不用说详细故事情节了。

12.Quite a few of our people didn't finish college, but we discourage dropping out. (Para. 7)

quite a few是个固定词组,后接可数名词复数,意为“相当多的”。例如:

1)There are quite a few desks and chairs in the classroom.

教室里有相当多的桌椅。

2)Quite a few people will take part in the competition.

相当多的人要去参加竞赛。

13.College isn't the only place where information exists. (Para. 8)

information是不可数名词,后面不能加s,如果说“一则消息”,应该用a piece of information来表达。例如:

1)The researchers have got a lot of statistical information.

研究人员已经获得了大量统计资料。

2)She sent me a very interesting piece of information.

她给我发了一则非常有趣的消息。

●Extra Reading

◆Language Focus

1.The Chinese pay huge respect to their teachers—past and present. (Para. 1)

pay respect to是固定词组,表示“尊敬,向……表示敬意”的意思。例如:

The students have paid great respect to their history teacher.

学生们一直非常尊敬他们的历史老师。

Let’s pay respect to the new comer.

让我们关注一下新来者。

2.Chinese culture places very high value on age and wisdom, and the Chinese term for teacher literally translates to "old master." (Para. 1)

place high value on表示“重视”的意思。例如:

1)Americans place high value on college education. 美国人很重视大学教育。

2)People place high value on health care. 人们很重视卫生保健。

3."When I went to teach English in Taiwan, I was shocked at the degree of respect my students showed me," says a former English teacher in his 20s. (Para. 3)

be shocked at表示“对……感到震惊”。例如:

1)I was shocked at his rudeness. 我对他的粗鲁感到震惊。

2)Father was shocked at her smoking. 爸爸看见她抽烟,感到惊愕。

former 作形容词时表示“从前的,以前的”。例如:

1)Lily is my former classmate. 莉莉是我以前的同班同学。

2)He visited his former English teacher when he was back for holiday.

他放假回去时拜访了过去的英语老师。

注意:past作形容词时也有“过去的”的意思,但是past 只表示“新近过去”。例如:

In the past twenty years, great changes have taken place in China.

在过去二十年中,中国发生了很大的变化。

4.I was younger than most of my students, and had less formal education than some of them, but with the title 'old master of English,' they treated me like a king. (Para. 4)

formal education是“正式教育”,意指“学历教育”;treat是“对待”的意思,常用结构是“treat …. as …”。例如:

1)He was treated as a child. 他被当作小孩看待。

2)He treated the mistake as a kind of joke. 他把这个错误当成笑料。

5.His teachings even impact other cultures —Western children learn the phrase "Confucius says . . ." and connect it with things considered to be wise. (Para. 5)

teaching(常用复数形式)表示“教导,学说,主义,教义”的意思。例如:

1)Chairman Mao’s teachings still exert strong influence on Chinese people.

毛主席的教导仍然对中国人民有很大影响。

2)These are the teachings of Catholic Church. 这些是天主教的教义。

impact意为“对……产生影响”,常与on或者upon连用。例如:

1)Internet shopping has begun to impact on traditional shopping. 网上购物已经开始对传统购物产生了影响。2)Modern science has impacted upon the society as a whole. 现代科学已经对整个社会产生了影响。connect常与to或with连用,表示“与……连接”的意思。例如:

Unit 4 Animals

1 Teaching Objectives

A Understand the main idea of the text

B Mater the key language points and grammatical structures in the Text

C Training of basic reading, listening, speaking, and translation activities in the Text.

2 Important points:

A New words and expressions

B Text structure analysis

C Structured writing

D Listening and speaking

3 Time Allocation

Text A :3 Text B: 2 Listening an speaking : 1

4 Language Focus

◆Activity 1 Animal Idioms

Step One

bear, bird, bull, butterfly(蝴蝶),cat, cow, crab, crocodile(鳄鱼), deer, dog, dolphin(海豚),donkey (驴子),dragonfly(蜻蜓), duck, guinea pig(豚鼠),horse, koala(树袋熊), leopard(豹), lion, lizard (蜥蜴), monkey, mosquito(蚊子), panda(熊猫), parrot(鹦鹉), peacock(孔雀), penguin(企鹅), pig, rabbit, shark(鲨鱼), sheep, shrimp(小虾), snail(蜗牛),snake, spider(蜘蛛), swallow (燕子), tiger, tortoise(乌龟), turtle(海龟), whale(鲸), zebra(斑马),etc.

1. Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌

2. Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意日。

3. It’s raining cats and dogs. 大雨倾盆。

4. black sheep 害群之马,败家子

5. the lion’s share 最大或最好的一份

6. a bird’s eye view 俯视,鸟瞰

7. kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟,一箭双雕

8. dog-eat-dog 竞争激烈的,残酷无情的

9. birds of a feather 鸟以群分,一丘之貉

10. let the cat out of the bag (无意中)泄露秘密

◆Activity 2 How Do Dogs Express Their Feelings?

Step One

● Reading

◆Language Focus

1.As a child, I always wanted to know what other animals were thinking and feeling. (Para. 1) what other animals were thinking and feeling是what引导的宾语从句,意为“其它动物在想什么和有什么样的感觉”。what可引导宾语从句。例如:

1)We can learn what we did not know before. 我们能学到我们以前不知道的东西。

2)I know what we should always keep in mind.

我知道我们应该永远记住什么。

2.In fact, a number of researchers' articles, supported by scientific data, show that lots of animals experience deep emotions, ranging from joy to grief and depression over the loss of a mate. (Para. 1)

这里的supported by scientific data是过去分词短语,用来补充说明逗号前面的名词词组a number of researchers’articles,相当于一个非限定性定语从句“which are supported by scientific data”。

此句中的ranging from joy to grief and depression over the loss of a mate是现在分词短语,用来补充说明逗号前面的名词emotions,相当于一个非限定性定语从句“which range from joy to grief and depression over the loss of a mate”。现在分词短语与过去分词短语作后置定语的主要区别是:现在分词表示主动,正在进行,而过去分词则表示被动或完成的动作。例如:

1)There is a bus running between the school and the shopping center.

有车行驶于学校和购物中心之间。

2)I like that park built by the lake. 我喜欢那个建在湖边的公园。

本句中的over表示“对/为(某事)”的意思。例如:

1)It’s no good losing your temper over it. 为此发火没有好处。

2)He was very excited over the news. 他因这条新闻而很激动。

3.Emotions are usually defined as mental phenomena that help individuals manage and control their behavior. (Para. 2)

这里的defined as是词组define…as的被动形式,意为“把……定义为”。类似的词组还有:describe…as(把……描述/说成),see…as(把……看作,视为……),accept…as(把……当作),look on…as(把……看作)。as后面可以接名词、动名词、形容词。例如:

1)He was described as being very cruel. 他被说成非常残酷。

2)I can’t see them as members of our organization. 我不能把他们视为我们组织的成员。

3)The police accepted his story as true. 警方认为他的故事是真的。

4)We consider him as a possible candidate. 我们认为他有可能成为候选人。

5)We look on her as a daughter. 我们把她当作女儿。

句中的phenomena是phenomenon的复数形式。

这里的that help individuals manage and control their behavior是定语从句,修饰前面的名词词组mental phenomena。

4.Emotions also drive animals into action, ranging from escape to attack, joyful play to deep grief. (Para. 2) drive animals into action表示“驱使动物采取行动”的意思。drive之后可用介词短语、副词、形容词、动词不定式作其宾语补语。例如:

1)That noise is driving me out of my mind. 那噪音吵得我发狂。

2)The pain nearly drove her mad. 痛苦几乎使她发疯。

3)Poverty and hunger drove them to steal. 贫困和饥饿逼得他们去偷窃。

当于一个非限定性定语从句“which range from escape to attack, joyful play to deep grief”。

5.Highs and lows (Para. 3)

这里的highs表示“high emotions”的意思,即“高涨的情绪”;lows表示“low emotions”,即“低落的情绪”的意思。

6.Joy is an emotion that's shared by many animals and is expressed freely and clearly. (Para. 3) that's shared by many animals and is expressed freely and clearly是定语从句,修饰前面的名词emotion。关系代词that在定语从句中可用作主语。

7.When Shirley and Jenny, two female elephants, were introduced to each other at the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald, Tennessee, both got very emotional, roaring loudly, touching one another and remaining in close contact, as if they were old friends —and they were, but no one else realized at the time. (Para. 3) 本句是主从复合句,主句是both got very emotional,从句是连词when所引导的时间状语从句When Shirley and Jenny were introduced to each other。

two female elephants是Shirley and Jenny的同位语,补充关于Shirley 和Jenny的信息。at the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwarld, Tennessee是介词短语作地点状语。

另外,roaring loudly, touching one another and remaining in close contact是三个现在分词短语,表示主句both got very emotional的伴随状态。例如:

1)The young man was fast asleep, holding a book in his hand. 这个年青人熟睡着,手里拿着一本书。

2)She stood there quietly, looking out of the window. 她安静地站在那里,看着窗外。

3)We began to knock at the door, thinking that was his home. 我们开始敲门,以为那就是他的家。

as if / as though意为“好象,好似”。在as if / as though引导的从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况的怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况,用过去完成式;如果可能成为事实,用陈述语气。正式英语中,由as if / as though引导的从句中可用“were”来代替“was”。例如:

1)You look as if you were ill. 你看上去好象病了。(实际上你并没有病)

2)She spoke to me as if I were / was deaf. 她那样对我说话,好象我耳聋了。(事实上我并没有耳聋。)3)When she came in from the rainstorm, she looked as if she had taken a shower with her clothes on.

她从暴雨中进来,看上去好象刚才穿着衣服淋了浴一样。(事实上在她进来之前,并没有淋浴。表示过去想象中的动作。)

4)He looks as if he is going to win. 他看起来好象要赢了。(他很有可能赢得比赛。)

本句中破折号之后的部分and they were, but no one else realized at the time是对as if they were old friends 的补充说明,说明它们事实上确实是朋友,只是当时没有人意识到这一点。

8.22 years earlier (Para. 3)

…earlier表示“(过去某时)之前”的意思,而…ago表示“(现在某时)之前”。例如:

1)Four days earlier his foot had been bitten by a snake.

早在四天之前,他的脚被蛇咬了。(表示过去的某个时刻之前的四天,所以用过去完成时。)

四天之前,他的脚被蛇咬了。(表示从现在开始算起的四天前,所以用过去时。)

9.Since being reunited (Para. 3)

Since being united中的since作介词,后面应跟上名词或动名词,相当于since引导的时间状语从句“since they were united”。类似的词语还有:before,after等。例如:

1)After talking to you I always feel better. 跟您谈谈之后,我总是觉得心情好一些。

2)Take a good look before opening it. 打开之前你要好好看一下。

3)He has worked hard since leaving school. 自从离开学校后他一直努力工作。

10.—who lay in the road, his hind legs crushed —(Para. 4)

破折号之间的部分who lay in the road, his hind legs crushed是定语从句,用来修饰前面的名词the infant。其中lay是动词lie的过去式。注意辨析动词lie与lay之间的差别。lie是不及物动词,表示“躺,卧”的意思,动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词分别为lay,lain,lying;lay是及物动词,表示“放,置”的意思,动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词分别为laid,laid,laying。此外,lie还有“说谎”的意思,其动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词分别为lied,lied,lying。例如:

1)He was lying in the shade of the tree. 他正躺在树荫下。

2)Don’t lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。

3)I'm sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了谎。

定语从句中的his hind legs crushed是独立主格结构,his hind legs是过去分词短语的逻辑主语,crushed是动词crush的过去分词。这种结构在句中相当于状语,表示时间、原因、条件和伴随状况等。本句中的his hind legs crushed表示lay in the road的伴随状态,相当于“and his hind legs were crushed”。例如:1)His homework done, Jim decided to go to the movie.

做完家庭作业,吉姆决定去看电影。(= after his homework was done, Jim…)2)Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.

她的衬衫钩到了钉子上,所以无法动弹。(= As her shirt was caught on a nail, she…)3)The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting.

如果天气好,聚会将在花园里举行。(= If weather permits, the party…)

4)She sat there silent, tears streaming down her cheeks.

她默默地坐在那里,泪流满面(= She sat there silent and tears streamed down her cheeks.)

本句中的hold up 表示“推迟,耽搁”的意思。除此之外,hold up还有“(试图)抢劫”的意思。例如:1)The road-work on the motorway is holding up the traffic.

高速公路上的道路施工影响了交通。

2)The criminals held up the bank and took away all the money.

罪犯抢劫了银行,拿走了所有的钱财。

11.carrying the injured baby with them (Para. 4)

carrying the injured baby with them是现在分词短语,表示left the scene的伴随状态。其中injured是过去

在分词转化来的形容词通常带有主动意义,由过去分词转化来的形容词通常带有被动意义。例如:

1)boiling water 沸腾的水;

boiled water 煮开了的水

2)a charming girl 迷人的姑娘;

a charmed girl 着了魔法的姑娘

3)exciting news 振奋人心的消息;

an excited audience 兴奋激昂的观众

4)an interesting story 有趣的故事;

an interested look 带着感兴趣的样子

12.Many animals show great grief at the loss (Para. 5)

grief后接over / at sth.表示“对某事感到悲伤”的意思。例如:

She was driven almost mad by grief over / at his death.

她因他的死去而悲伤得几乎发狂。

除show之外,grief还能与其他动词搭配使用。例如

express grief(表示忧伤),feel / suffer grief(感到悲痛),ease somebody’s grief(减轻某人的悲痛)。

●Extra Reading

◆Language Focus

1.Rabies is a deadly disease that is caused by a virus. (Para. 1)

deadly是形容词,意为“致命的”。英语中有一些单词以ly结尾,但并不是副词,而是形容词。例如:friendly(友好的),lovely(可爱的),lonely(孤独的),deadly(致命的),lively(活泼的),costly(昂贵的)等。

本句中的that is caused by a virus是that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的名词disease。

2.Each year, it kills more than 50,000 people and millions of animals around the world. (Para. 1) million意为“百万”。前面加上数字,不用复数形式。但若不与数词或several连用,可以复数形式出现,表示“数以百万计”的意思。例如:

1)The magazine has three million readers. 这本杂志有三百万读者。

2)Millions of people watched the 2004 Summer Olympics. 上百万的人观看了2004年夏季奥运会。

around the world意为“全世界,遍及世界”。除了介词around,还可以用:all over,throughout等。3.such as birds, snakes, and fish (Para. 2)

such as意为“例如……,像……这样的”。例如:

1)During the summer holiday, he traveled to many countries, such as Japan, Korea, and Russia.

暑假他去了许多国家,例如日本,韩国,俄罗斯。

2)A man such as he will surely succeed. 像他这样的人一定会成功。

seldom表示“很少, 不常”的意思。与rarely的意思相近,与often的意思相反。例如:

Peter is rarely / seldom late. 彼得不常/很少迟到。

5.Animals with rabies may act differently from healthy animals. (Para. 3)

act differently from healthy animals意为“表现出与健康动物不同的行为举止”。形容词different或副词differently后常跟介词from。例如:

1)He is very different from his brother. 他跟哥哥很不同。

2)She talked differently from me. 她和我说话不同。

6.Wild animals may move slowly or may act as if they were tame. (Para. 3)

act as if they were tame意为“表现出好象温顺的样子”。as if / as though意为“好象,好似”,其用法可参见Text A注释7。

UNIT SIX Fashion

1 Teaching Objectives

A Understand the main idea of the text

B Mater the key language points and grammatical structures in the Text

C Training of basic reading, listening, speaking, and translation activities in the Text.

2 Important points:

A New words and expressions

B Text structure analysis

C Structured writing

D Listening and speaking

3 Time Allocation

Text A :3 Text B: 2 Listening an speaking : 1

4 Language Focus

1.How to Stay Fashionably Connected

stay是半系动词,意为“保持”,后接形容词做表语。例如:

1)We should stay calm facing such difficult situation.

面对这样的困难局面,我们必须保持冷静。

2)I do morning exercises every day just to stay healthy.

为保持健康我每天做早操。

stay fashionably connected意为“一直赶时髦”。

2.Most women I know have a computer, cell phone, and surf the net. (Para. 1)

cell phone是“手机”的意思,表示“手机”还可以用以下词汇:cellphone;cellular phone;mobile (tele)phone;surf的原意是“冲浪”。surf the net是“上网”的意思。以下短语也表示上网:surf the Internet,surf on the net 和surf on the Internet。在线用online表示。

3.They feel they're up to speed and aren't keen about having a camera, email, and DVD player in their phone. (Para. 1)

up to speed是非正式用法,意为“紧跟潮流”。例如:

The board of the directors will have to be brought up to speed on these new developments.

董事会不得不紧跟这些新发展。

be keen about是固定搭配,表示“喜爱,热衷于”。例如:

He is keen about traveling. 他热衷于旅行。

4.However, creative types, moms, anyone who's in a "soft" industry, stand to gain the most from high tech right now. (Para. 1)

"soft" industry指的是software industry(软件产业/软件行业);stand to gain the most from意为“一定从……获得最大利益”:这里有两个语言点:stand to do sth.表示“处于一个必定要发生某事的状态中”;gain the most from表示“从……获得最大利益”。例如:

Many small companies stand to lose financially if the new law is introduced.

如果实施新法,许多小公司必定要在经济上受到损失。

Big companies stand to gain the most from the new law.

大公司必定从新法中获得最大利益。

5.If you've been feeling like it's too late to catch up, trust me, it's not. (Para. 2)

catch up是固定词组,常与with连用,表示“赶上”。例如:

1)You'll have to work harder to catch up with the top students in your class.

2)You start first, and I'll catch up with you later.

6.Soon technology will be hitting the market that's more sophisticated than ever before and if you haven't learned the basics, you will have a hard time staying connected. (Para. 2)

本句是个复合句,and连接着两个并列句。第一分句中,that引导的是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the market;这一从句本身就由一个带有比较状语从句的复合句构成,即than ever before相当于than it has ever been before。and之后又是一个复合句构成的分句,if you haven…t learned the basics是该分句中的条件状语从句。hit在本句中意为“影响”或“冲击”。例如:

1)We were all hit by the depression.

我们都受到了经济萧条的影响。

2)Price increases hit everyone's pocket.

物价上涨冲击了每个人的钱袋。

have a hard time / difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth.是一个固定句型,表示“做某事有困难”的意思。例如:1)We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.

我们执行此项计划有困难。

2)I had a hard time / trouble (in) translating the passage into English.

把这篇文章译成英文,我有困难。

7.I love its hard but bendable crash-proof structure made from faux-croc. (Para. 4)

crash-proof是形容词,表示“耐撞的”的意思。形容词后缀-proof表示“不透……的,防……的,抗……的”。例如:

airproof 不透气的,密封的;waterproof不透水的,防水的;rustproof 不锈的,防锈的;bulletproof 防弹的;fireproof 耐火的,防火的;earthquakeproof 抗地震的

8.The pink flap snaps securely down and inside holds cards, pens, and has pockets comparable to a more expensive model. (Para. 5)

这里的flap是名词,意为“垂下物,口袋盖”。例如:

1)the flap of a pocket 口袋的袋盖

2)Please stick down the flap of the envelope after you put the letter into it.

信放进信封后请将信封口盖封好。

本段中run也是由动词转换为名词的,意为“购买,买卖”。例如:

1)a good / bad buy 值得买/ 不值得买

9.I just want to remind you that regardless how old you are, how technically inept, or how behind the times you are, it's not too late to catch up. (Para. 7)

remind表示“提醒”的意思,它有以下固定句型。

remind sb. of sb. / sth.使人回想起某人或某事,例如:

1)He reminds me of his brother. 我见到他便回想起了他兄弟。

2)This reminds me of last year. 这使我想起去年的事。

remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事,例如:

1)Remind me to write to Mother. 提醒我给妈妈写信。

2)You should remind him to call me. 你必须让他记着给我打电话。

remind sb. that …提醒某人…… 例如:

1)Can I remind everyone that we have a strict non-smoking policy here?

请允许我提醒大家,我们这儿有严格的禁烟政策。

2)The director reminds me that there will be a meeting tomorrow.

主任提醒我明天有个会。

●Extra Reading

◆Language Focus

1.Updated with modern design and fashionable colors, these modest jackets can show the graceful and peaceful disposition of a person. (Para. 2)

句中updated引导的过去分词短语updated with modern design and fashionable colors,相当于一个形容词短语,在句中作主语补语,说明的是主语these modest jackets的情况,可以理解成:“以现代设计和流行色彩更新的端庄外套……”。类似的例子还有:

1)The sun rises red. 红红的太阳升起来了。

2)The students rushed to the dining hall hungry. 饿着肚子的学生冲向食堂。

2.The dignified and elegant manner it inspires will impress all the participants. (Para. 3)

动词impress常与on连用,表示“使(人)印象深刻”或“使铭记”的意思。例如:

1)His words are strongly impressed on my memory.

他的话深深铭记在我心头。

2)I impressed on him the importance of his work.

我使他注意自己工作的重要性。

下一句中的impression是impress 的名词形式,它的形容词形式是impressive。

3.It can also be seen in the hotels or restaurants where the female attendants and waitresses wear them to give a good impression to the guests or show the style the hotel has. (Para. 3)

本句中where引导的是一个表示地点的定语从句,修饰现行词hotels or restaurants,相当于at which …。where,when或why等关系副词可用于定语从句中表示地点、时间、原因等。例如:

1)This is the office where (= at which) you may overlook the West Lake.

2)He was born on the day when (= on which) his father died.

他出生那一天,爸爸去世了(他出生在爸爸去世的那一天)。

3)This is another reason why (= for which) he is late.

这是他迟到的又一理由。

但是如果这些表示地点、时间、原因等名词的先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时,连接词需用that或which等关系代词。例如:

1)This is the office that / which controls the building.

这是控制全大楼的办公室。

2)Try to imagine a day that / which lasts 25 hours.

想象一下持续25小时的一天(是怎样的)。

3)This is the reason that / which can be used to c ancel the program.

这个理由可用来取消这个节目(这是可用来取消这个节目的理由)。

4.This undergarment's history can be traced back thousands of years. (Para. 5)

trace back 是短语动词,表示“追溯……的来源或来由,溯源”的意思。例如:

1)How far back can he trace his family? 他能追溯他的家世到什么时代?

2)The rumour has traced back to John. 那谣言经追查发现是约翰造的。

5.In Chinese tradition it is said that red color stands for good luck and can dispel ghosts. (Para. 5)

It is said that … 是一个非常有用的句型,表示“据说”的意思。类似句型还有:

It is reported that … 据报道,……

It is estimated that … 据估计,……

It is believed that … 人们认为,……

It is thought that … 人们认为,……

It is well known that … 众所周知,……

stand for是固定短语动词,表示“代表……,是……的缩写,象征,意味着”等意思。例如:1)In this equation, T stands for temperature. 在这个方程式中,T代表温度。

2)UN stands for the United Nations.

UN是联合国(英文名称)的缩写。

3)The olive branch stands for peace.

橄榄枝象征和平。

4)The sign X stands for an unknown number.

符号X表示一个未知数。

UNIT SEVEN SCIENCE

1 Teaching Objectives

A Understand the main idea of the text

B Mater the key language points and grammatical structures in the Text

C Training of basic reading, listening, speaking, and translation activities in the Text.

2 Important points:

A New words and expressions

B Text structure analysis

C Structured writing

D Listening and speaking

3 Time Allocation

Text A :3 Text B: 2 Listening an speaking : 1

4 Lead-in Activity

A. Venus Express spacecraft:

The mission of Venus Express will be to carry out a detailed characterization of this atmosphere, using state-of-the-art sensors in order to answer the questions and solve the mysteries left behind by the first wave of explorers. It will also be the first Venus orbiter to make optical observations of the surface through 'visibility windows' discovered in the infrared (a.红外线的) spectrum.

B. The Mars Reconnaissance (n.探测) Orbiter (MRO):

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) was designed to be “NASA?s google search engine” to cut down the number of compelling places both at the surface and below the martian (a.火星的) landscape that cry out for future exploration. During the second phase of its mission, the orbiter will serve as a communications messenger between the robotic explorers on Mars and Earth. The reconnaissance orbiter has a powerful antenna that can transmit 10 times more data per minute than the current trio of satellites positioned around the planet. C. The Stardust spacecraft :

Its primary goal is to collect comet dust and volatile samples during a planned close encounter with comet Wild 2. Stardust will be the first U.S. mission dedicated solely to cometary research and the first mission to ever return a sample of extraterrestrial material from outside the orbit of the Moon.

5 Language Focus

●Reading

◆Language Focus

1. Welcome to the space exploration of tomorrow. (Para. 1)

Welcome常用来对客人或刚刚到达的人表示欢迎。例如:

1)Welcome to London! 欢迎来到伦敦!

2)Welcome back —it?s good to see you.欢迎归来—再次见到你很高兴。

welcome还可作形容词、名词和动词。例如:

1)a welcome visitor (作形容词)一位受欢迎的宾客

2)receive a cold welcome (作名词)受到冷冰冰的接待

3)We welcome your kind help. (作动词)

我们欢迎你的热心帮助。

2. While NASA struggles to return humans to the moon, scientists and engineers in labs across the country are letting their imaginations run free in designing hardware for far more distant exploration of the solar system. (Para. 1)

while是连词,意为“却,但是,而”。while常用来强调两种情况或活动之间的差别。例如:

1)That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.

那个地区自然资源丰富,这个地区却一点也没有。

2)English is understood all over the world while Turkish is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.

英语在世界通行,但土耳其语离开本国很少有人说了。

此外,while还可表示“虽然,尽管(部分同意或接受某事)”。例如:

1)While today?s rovers can take key measurements, they are rest ricted to relatively smooth ground, which can limit discovery.

虽然如今的漫游车能够实施关键测量,但它们还是只限于在相对平坦的地形上工作,从而限制了探索的结果。

2)While I admit that there are problems, I don?t agree that they cannot be solved.

尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不认为这些问题是不能解决的。

3. Individually, these space machines could help revolutionize planetary exploration. (Para. 2)

句中的help do sth. 表示“帮助,有助于”。这类的用法又例如:

Part of my job is to help organize the conference.

我其中一项工作是帮忙筹备会议。

help的常见搭配还有:help sb. (to) do sth; help sb. with sth, 都是“帮助某人做某事”的意思。

1)May I help you with the washing-up?我帮你洗餐具好吗?

2)A man is helping the police with their inquiries.

有一男子在协助警方进行调查。

3)We all helped him fill out the application form.

我们一起帮他填写申请表。

4. But their true value may lie in using them with traditional orbiters, landers, and rovers. (Para. 2)

lie in在这里是表示“(抽象事物)存在, 在于, 有(……关系)”的意思。例如:

1)The answer will lie in finding alternative sources of power. 答案将在于找到替代性能源。

2)The future lies in multimedia. 未来是多媒体的天下。

lie in 还可用来表示“处于, 位于”的意思。

The town lies in a small wooded valley. 该镇坐落于一个林木茂盛的小山谷中。

5. The resulting research would come about as close to human exploration as you can get without walking on Mars or the moon. (Para. 2)

句中的come about 意为“发生,产生(尤指不受控制地)”。例如:

1)How did it come about that humans speak so many different languages?

2)How did it come about that he knew where we were?

他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢?

close to 在这里表示“快要获得某物,即将取得成功”的意思。例如:

At this point, the investigators were closer to the truth than they realized.

这个时候,调查人员已离真相不远了,只是他们还没意识到这点。

6. These days, a typical mission to Mars begins with an orbiter exploring for landing sites. (Para. 3)

begin with 意思是“首先”。例如:

1)Shall we begin with a prayer?我们先做祷告吧?

2)I have to begin with an apology.我得首先表示歉意。

exploring for landing sites是现在分词短语,作orbiter的定语。现在分词短语可作名词(短语)的定语。例如:

Do you know the team winning the game last night?你知道昨晚获胜的队吗?

7. While today’s rovers can take key measurements, they are restricted to relatively smooth ground, which can limit discovery. (Para. 3)

be restricted to 意为“控制,限制在某一范围内”。例如:

1)Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns.

市内车速每小时不得超过30英里。

2)You are restricted to eight liters of duty-free wine.

携带的免税酒不得超过八升。

辨析:limit restrict

limit (限制,限定) 指物,表示限制某物不能大于某个特定的量或度,着重于限制到某个点。指人,表示控制或减少你要干的一些事。例如:

1)We must limit our expenditure. 我们必须限制开支。

2)I limit myself to three cups of coffee a day. 我限定自己一天最多喝3杯咖啡。

restrict (限制,约束) 表示限制人、动物或单位可能的移动或活动,为的是阻止他们干你认为不需要做的事。指事物时,表示限制事物的任意发展,或减小事物原来的规模,强调限制范围。例如:

1)Fog restricted visibility.

雾使能见度变得很低。

2)restrict wage increases

限制工资增长

8. All would “talk” to each other and react to conditions without waiting for instructions from scientists a solar system away. (Para. 4)

react to 表示“作出反应,回应”。例如:

1)He reacted angrily to the suggestion that he had lied.

有人说他撒谎,他非常生气。

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