Reading Comprehension—Guessing meanings
高考英语阅读猜测词义技巧指导与训练
学习目标：了解和掌握英语阅读猜测词义技巧
学习重点：灵活运用英语阅读猜测词义技巧
学习难点：从理论到实践
StepⅠ Revision(复习)
新高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求
要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：
１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；
３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；
５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度。
由此，总结各项相对应的题型如下：
1.主旨大意题；
2.细节理解题；
3.猜测词义题；
4.推理判断题；
5.篇章结构题；
6.观点态度题。
StepⅡ Lead in (导入)
【猜测词义题考点概述】
猜测词义是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词法和上下文的各种已知信息确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词（即：动词、名词、形容词等）。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。【常考词汇类型】1. 在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词；
2. 专业化程度较高的词；
3. 生僻词；
4. 常用代词。
Step ⅢHow to guess the meanings of words in reading comprehension ?
【方法一】：Using word formation（构词法）
英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。
prefix (前缀）word root (词根）suffix（后缀）
①unbelievabl前缀______; 词根_____________; 后缀_____________.
②With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can
provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)
unconditional 前缀______; 词根_________; 后缀________.意为____
nonjudgmental 前缀______; 词根________; 后缀_________.意为____
【方法二】：Using context clues（利用上下文线索）
技巧 1 Synonym ( 同义词、近义词)
作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。
同义词常见信号词：or, namely, that is (to say), just as, like…
eg.①Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 本句中下划线的词意为___________________
②At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were
they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.
本句中下划线的词意为_____
技巧 2 Antonym ( 反义词)
反义词常见信号词unlike; but，however, although; while, instead(of), on the other hand...
eg: ①Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely．“homely” 意思是
②If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.“dissent”意思是
________
技巧 3 Definition ( 定义、解释或举例)
通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组来确定词义.
常见信号词：be, mean, that is, that’s to say, or, namely, in other words,
to put it another way, i.e., such as , like, especially, for instance, for example …eg: ①When writing an article, we often use simile,such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like lightning”．本句中“simile” 意为___________
②He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily.
本句中“resolute”意为___________
技巧 4 Cause and effect ( 因果关系)
常见信号词有：because, as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，therefore，so that…
①All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.
本句中“futile”意为___________
②She did not hear what you said, for she was completely engrossed in her reading.
本句中“engrossed”意为___________
技巧 5 Punctuation ( 标点符号如：冒号、破折号、括号）
You can take any of the periodicals:The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
A.dictionaries
B. story-books
C. magazines
D. newspapers 技巧 6 Common sense (常识)
eg: ①In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.意思是_________
②Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 意思是_________
【总之】猜测词义题旨在考查考生对某些关键词语或句子在特定语境中的含义的理解能力和通过上下文或构词法猜测某些超纲词汇或表达方式的意义的能力。因此，考生所掌握的词汇量的大小直接影响这类题的得分率。
Step Ⅳ Practice(比一比，猜一猜)
Let's have a try to guess the meanings of the following underlined words.
1. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. ( )
2. Helping laid-off workers and unemployed people find jobs is crucial (关系重大
的)and pressing task facing the Chinese Government, President Jiang Zemin stressed yesterday, he urged better service to create work for the unemployed. ( ) 3. Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know if you
think you are a brave person or a coward. ( )
4. Most women in China ---educated and illiterate,urban and rural, the young and
old--work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. ( )
5. Jane was talking with others while Tom remained reticent all the time.
( )
6. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero.
( )
7. They surrendered, that is, threw out their weapons and walked out with their hands above their heads. ( )
8. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy—its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease “workaholism” is proving a difficult job, partly because many of them like work better than anything else, experts say.
( )
9. The harbor is protected by a jetty—a wall built out into the water. ( )
10. Crime is a very serious problem in Britain. One sort of crime which particularly
worries people is juvenile crimes—crimes committed by young people.
( )
Step Ⅴ高考链接
Question Forms【高考中猜测词义题常见的提问方式】
1.The word “…” in the paragraph refers to _________.
2.The phrase “…” could be replaced by________.
3. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph?/
what does the underlined word mean?
4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“...”?
5.“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as________.
6. What do you think the expression “…”stands for?
7.Which of the following words can take the place of the word“…”?
8. According to the passage, the word “…” is known as_______.
【实战演练】
Read the following passages and see if you understand the words or phrases that may be new to you:
Passage 1.
?We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken.
?We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane.
1. Acceleration is the name for _______.
A. any kind of movement
B. the movement of a plane
C. a steady speed
D. an increase in speed
Passage 2
A tornado can do a lot of damage. The wind of a tornado rushes at great speed around
a funnel-shaped cloud. It travels in a path a few hundred feet wide and about twenty-five miles long. As the wind circles, the funnel spirals higher and higher.
2. A tornado is a _______.
A. rainstorm
B. dust storm
C. great circle wind
D. huge funnel of water Passage 3
STOCKHOLM—A Swede and two Americans won the 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine on Oct. 9 for studies on how messages move around the nervous system. The discovery makes it possible to develop drugs against Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. Arvid Carlson of Sweden and Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of the United States share the first prize of the millennium, worth nearly US$ 1 million, for their discoveries, Sweden’s Karlinska Institute said.
3. What does the un derlined word “schizophrenia” probably mean?
A. a kind of illness
B. a new discovery
C. a name of a subject
D. a new drug
Passage 4
All the athletes try to be at the closing ceremony. They have forgotten all their fears and worries. It does not matter whether they have done well or not. All the teams walk round the stadium together. Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave. Everyone is hunting for local products. People exchange track suits, hats, running vest and so on. There is a last chance to take photographs and get addresses of new friends. Then each team starts its journey home.
5. The underline phrase “clears up” in the paragraph means______.
A. packs up
B. goes away
C. makes clear
D. does the
cleaning
【后记】俗话说得好：“得阅读者得高考”，由此可以看出阅读理解在高考中的地位。无论是从难度上讲，还是从分数所占的比重上讲，阅读理解都是首先应该受到考生重视的。掌握好的阅读技巧可以帮助考生事半功倍，提高做题速度和准确率。
Step Ⅵ Homework
1.Review all we have learned in class.
2.Do exercises 高三纠错卷阅读理解（二）词义猜测
编号：gswhywbx3…oo1 文华高中高一英语必修3 Unit5 Canada－“The True North” Period1 Warming up and Reading 导学案(教师版) 编制人：魏秀冬审核人：编制时间：2014年3月3日 学习目标 1.能记住这些单词的发音和拼写 multicultural, scenery, surround, harbor, Canadian, Vancouver, Toronto, Calgary, Ottawa, beaver, polar, penguin rather than, baggage, scenery, eastward, chat, surround, harbor, measure, aboard, have a gift for, within, manage to do, catch sight of, eagle, acre, urban 2.能说出关于加拿大的一些信息和准确描述文中人物在加拿大旅游的路线以及谈论加拿大和领会文章的主旨。 3.能激发学生了解外国的兴趣和养成学生合作学习的意识。 学习重点难点 1.能说出关于加拿大的一些信息和准确描述文中人物在加拿大旅游的路线以及谈论加拿大和领会文章的主旨。 2能激发学生了解外国的兴趣和养成学生合作学习的意识。 学习方法. 看图法，朗读，精读，快读 学习过程 Warming up: Step1课前预习 Task1读本单元这两部分的单词以及阅读课文把难理解和不会的作上标记，可以请教同学或老师。 Task2根据提供的汉语意思在课文中和查字典找出对应的词汇。 1.测验，问答比赛(n) _______ 2.大臣,部长(n )_______ 首相，丞相(n) _______ 3.文化(n) _________ 文化的(adj)_________ 多种文化的(adj)_________ 4.加拿大(n )_______ 加拿大人(n)_______ 加拿大人的((adj)_______ Step2合作学习(看加拿大的地图和查阅资料,老师展示幻灯片) Task1 Let's have a quiz(做warming up的5个小题on page33) Task2 language points 1.Canada is a multicultural country. 点拨multi- (构词成分) 有很多……的，multicultural adj.多元文化的 翻译：______________________________
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高考英语阅读理解专题练习导学案12（含答案解析） Passage Eleven (The Affect of Electricity on Cancer) Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia. Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.” The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed. At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate. How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to
浅谈阅读理解在英语教学中的重要性及策略 浅谈阅读理解在英语教学中的重要性及策略 赵彩虹 （内蒙古牙克石市绰源中学） 英语阅读作为语言技巧的重要组成部分，在英语教学中占有重要的地位，随着近年中考英语阅读理解的比重逐渐加大，英语阅读的重要性和广泛性日益突显，不仅要求学生掌握语音、语法知识及一定的词汇量，培养他们的听说能力，更注重培养其阅读理解能力。 一、英语阅读理解的重要性 英语阅读在中国英语教学中有着举足轻重的作用。新英语课程标准规定：到初中毕业阶段，学会4500个单词和200~300个习惯用语或固定搭配并且阅读理解能根据情景、上下文、构词法、句子结构来猜测生词的意思，理顺事件发生顺序，人物行为，
预测事件情节发展，初步培养中学生良好的阅读能力。可见，阅读教学在整个英语教学中的重要性是不言而喻的。 英语阅读可以扩大学生的词汇量。要达到新课标规定的4500个词汇量，单凭课本的词汇是远远不够的，扩大学生的词汇量已是必然趋势。单纯的死记硬背词汇不仅枯燥无味，而且遗忘的也快。最有效的办法就是加大学生的语言输入——阅读，把词汇放入文章里，使单词和文章成为一个有机的整体，让学生乐读的同时，词汇也被牢牢地记忆到脑海里。起到了事半功倍的作用。 英语阅读可以提高学生的分析能力。在英语阅读中，学生需要调动各种器官才能进行，既要懂得发音，又要知道单词的含义，同时还要掌握一定的英语语法，还要了解文章的来龙去脉，作品的背景等等，这些无疑都在提高学生的分析能力、判断能力。 二、初中英语阅读教学策略 1.注重阅读技巧，培养学生的阅读能力 为了加强阅读教学，每周用一节课进行阅读技巧训练。在训练课中，注意抓好以下
英语试卷讲评课导学案 ：年级班组英语学科试卷讲评学案 Learning aims : 1. To make clear all the puzzles in the paper and learn to use them freely. 2. To correct the mistakes and solve problems by self-study and cooperation. 3. To learn from your mistakes and others; improve yourself all the time. .课前自主学习，自查与纠错 对照答案，针对自己的错题，找出错误的原因，整理每道题目考察的知识点。 21-25. B D B A A 26-30.D C D D B 31-35.A B B D D 21题 a与the 的用法区别 a表示 the表示 不定冠词和序数词连用，表达的含义是 22题 while作为连词时的用法总结 23题“how do you find”表达的意思是 24题 amazing指，amazed指 news He is at the amazing news. 25题.Contain指 Include 指 常用两种表达方式：including sth/ sb= sb’sth included There are 40 students in the classroom, me There are 40 students in the classroom, me . 26题选择which的原因是 27题本题是一个被动句，可以先还原成主动句 其中to为，类似的结构还有 28题有关句 正要做…这时(发生另一事) 正在…这时(发生另一事) 刚做完…这时(发生另一事) 30题 with pleasure与my pleasure 的区别是 with pleasure my pleasure 31题 could have done 的表达的意义是 must have done表达的意义是 32题 think ...of remind... of let... done wake... up 33题 suggest用法特点
人教版精品英语资料（精校版） 第三单元阅读学案 姓名：班级：组号： 【学习目标】 1.To learn some useful new words and phrases; 2.To understand this paragraph and get some reading skills. 【课前预复习】 请同学们将预习中未能解决的问题和有疑惑的问题写下来，等待课堂上与教师和同学探究解决。 Ⅰ、知识达标 （1）翻译下列单词和短语 1.This famous film was (导演) by Zhang Yimou. 2.I’ve been f to have so many good teachers. 3.The project has been set up to help the (无家可归的)people. 4Tom was too brave and (克服)a lot of difficulties last month. 5.Although he failed in the examination again , he knew the success came after many______(失败). 6.We can’t go abroad this year , we’ll have to c ourselves with a holiday in Beijing. 7.We were a that she appeared at the party . 8.Zhao Benshan is an actor whose h is known to us all. 9.That book was writte n by the o writer , which you should read. 10.I just wanted to e her but it seemed that I made her cry worse. （2）翻译下列句子 1．As Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face", and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. 2. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives. 3. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 令人感到震惊的是，当查理会说话和走路的时候就被教唱歌和跳舞。 it在句中作_____ _____，____ ______才是真正的宾语。It本身无意义。 4. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off(现在分词短语作结果状语) 5. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. 6. As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. 7. This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.
初中英语阅读理解教学策略
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浅谈初中由于阅读理解教学策略 近年来，随着“素质教育”理念的提出，《英语课程标准》的日益完善，为英语教学提出了更高的要求，要求将传统的知识传授型教学转变成语言交际运用型教学。英语，作为一门语言课，教师如何教、引导学生如何学，已经成为所有英语教育工作者都在关心的问题。而培养学生的阅读能力是英语教学的目的之一，也是培养学生综合语言运用能力的重要手段。阅读能力的提高不仅能使学生能够得心应手的应付考试，而且对于学生的终身学习也起到了非常重要的作用。作为一线教师，想就如何在初中课堂开展阅读教学，浅谈几点自己的体会。 1．高度关注学生的个体差异，改革英语阅读的教学方法，使教学真正做到有的放矢。 现代语言教学理论认为，阅读教学的目的不单纯是要学生学习掌握语言知识，更重要的是通过阅读获取信息、学习文化、发展阅读技能和策略，为继续学习和终身发展打下基础。英语教学活动的主体——学生，是一个个鲜活的生命体，他们之间存在着各种各样的差异，主要表现在认知方式、学习方式、英语水平、性格特点、情感态度、对老师的态度，学习环境等方面。这些因素决定了学生的英语水平及学习能力上的差异。因此，从初一开始，我在选择阅读材料时就特别注意，难易一定要适度。材料过分容易，学习起来没有成就感；过难，学生就会丧失兴趣和阅读信心。我会根据学生的不同水平，为他们选择难易不同的读物。而且阅读材料的内容必须多样化，故事、传记、历史、地理知识等都能
导学案在初中英语阅读课中的实践 发表时间：2018-03-15T10:21:53.327Z 来源：《中学课程辅导●教学研究》2017年11月上作者：谢艳辉 [导读] 本文将结合笔者自身的做法，就导学案在农村初中英语教学中的实践谈谈自己的看法。 摘要：导学案模式倡导以教师指导为主导，以学生的学为主体，培养学生的自主学习能力，符合农村学生学情。本文将结合笔者自身的做法，就导学案在农村初中英语教学中的实践谈谈自己的看法。 关键词：导学案；英语阅读；实践 一、农村英语课堂中实施导学案的背景 1.学生学情。笔者在教学中发现农村初中生的英语水平参差不齐，有一部分学生在课堂中犹如隐形人一般，上完课之后完全不知道教师所讲授的内容是什么，从而对英语学习失去了兴趣；还有一部分学生英语成绩十分不稳定，他们没有很好的学习方法，对于单词、语法以及课文只能靠死记硬背，对于课前预习和课后复习，他们也常常感到无从下手。 2.《英语课程标准》的要求。《英语课程标准》指出，在课程实施过程中要倡导学生主动参与，乐于探究，培养学生分析解决问题的能力以及交流与合作的能力。因此，在新的教育教学形势下，课改的重点就是要改变以教师单向灌输、学生被动接受的传统教学模式，倡导以学生为本，突出学生的“学”，培养学生的自主学习和合作探究能力的新型课堂教学模式。 二、导学案课堂教学模式对教师的要求 1.集体备课，精心设计导学案。导学案课堂模式要求教师在教学中要把重点放在导学案的编写上。这就要求教师要认真研读课程标准，仔细研究教材文本，认真分析学生的学情，才能设计出符合学生能力水平的导学案。我校英语组在导学案的编写做法如下：开学初教研组分配任务，由各年级组推选出一名骨干教师，给同年级组教师分配任务。每个教师在自己的课题集体备课后，根据相关要求，在相应的时间内编写导学案，而后发到各自年级组内进行修改定案。 2.教师在编写导学案时要注意导学案的有层次性，要把握设计的量与度。一方面，基于学生学习程度的差异性，教师在导学案的编写中所设置的目标和任务要有一定的层次性，使不同层次的学生在各自的学习发展区域内都能够得到有效练习。另一方面，教师在设计导学案的过程中要注意量与度。有的导学案以单纯的练习题形式出现，使得学生完成导学案的过程就是完成一张练习的过程，这完全违反了导学案存在的初衷。 三、导学案在初中英语课堂教学中的实践 导学案的框架大致可以分为四个部分：学习目标，自主预习，合作探究和达标检测。教师根据课程标准、教材内容以及学生的特点来设计符合学生学情的学习目标，再根据目标来设计学生的学习任务。根据本校的教学改革，笔者以阅读课为例谈谈自身的一些做法。 1.课前预习(包括学习目标，预习内容) (1)学习目标。学习目标的设定比较简单，不宜太多，一般在2-3个左右。但是在设置目标的时候要注意:设置的目标要简洁明了，让所有的学生都能够明白要干什么，可操作型要强。 (2)预习内容。新标准英语教材中每个模块都有一个阅读单元，文本涉及的范围很广，有介绍人物，科学天文，动物保护，小说等等。因此，有些学生对于一些文本就会感到犯难，完全看不懂，这是他们经常有的想法。因而，对于课文背景知识的了解是十分重要的。例如新标准英语八上M5 Unit2 It describes the changes in Chinese society 中提到的茶馆这本书，就需要学生去搜集关于作者老舍以及他的作品，还有北京茶馆的一些信息。因此，笔者在导学案中设置了三个问题：“What do you know about Lao She?”, “What are his most famous books and plays?”“What do you know about Beijing Teahouse?”。考虑到他们的英语水平有限，在回答这三个问题时，有些同学可以用中文。除了预习背景知识之外，笔者也设置了关于文章中出现的重点词汇，短语以及一些句型，为理解文章扫除一定的障碍。 2.课中学习(包括阅读理解和语言知识探讨) (1)阅读理解的设计主要包含两个部分：泛读和精读。泛读对学生的要求只是大致的了解文章的意思，不用执着每个字里行间。因而在这一块内容的设计上主要是了解文章大意或者段落大意，有时候根据文本内容进行图片和文字的匹配。例如新标准英语八下M4 Unit2 Healthy living中标题已经很清晰地告诉我们文章主要讲什么，那我们就不需要去问学生段落大意。笔者在这个环节中采取了人物与任务1中的图片匹配的方式。在完成对文章的大致了解之后，一般就是进入精读，即深层次阅读。在这个环节中，笔者一般设计Wh-开头的问题来提问学生，让学生对文本中的一些特定的信息由更深层次的理解。 (2)语言知识探讨。虽然在预习环节已经让学生处理了一点短语和句子，并且教师在阅读理解环节也会引导学生解决一些难点词句，但是任然有一些词句会成为学生的拦路虎。因而，笔者常常会设置一些情境让学生去感知一些重难点词和短语。对于一些难点句子，笔者会呈现多个例句，让学生去比较概括，而后设置一些题目让学生去思考练习。 3.当堂检测 当堂检测的内容一般根据学习目标要求，改编自课文内容，来检测学生是否掌握重难点知识。例如新标准英语八上M4中阅读课中，涉及到许多形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法，因此笔者设计了以下题目： (1)The more information, the_________.(good) (2)Taking a plane is the fastest and the___________.(expensive) (3)Taking a coach will not cost as_________(much)as going by train. 4.课后延伸 课后延伸是对学生能力训练一种好的方式，但是由于学生水平不一致，所以不管是课内知识拓展还是课后作业延伸任务设置时，都需要对任务分层次，以满足不同层次学生的需要。 四、反思 通过对导学案的利用，学生感受到了学习更加有目的性和方向性。他们在课堂中不再茫然不知所措，了解一堂课的学习目标是什么，整体课的步伐是怎么样的，极大地提高了教学的效率。此外，导学案的任务都是有层次性的，不同层次的学生的学习需要都能够得到满
`中考英语阅读理解专项复习（导学案） 教学目标： 1.了解英语阅读理解的四种题型. 2.掌握不同题型的解题方法和技巧. 3.提升学生阅读理解的能力. 学习重难点： 学习运用阅读理解的方法技巧快速正确地找到答案. 教学过程： Step1 lead-in TFBOYS is a popular Chinese boy band made up of three members.They are Wang Junkai, 14, Wang Yuan, 13, and Yi Yangqianxi, 13.The boys are all junior middle school students. The band name TFBOYS means The Fighting Boys. 1.The band name TFBOYS stands for_________. A. The Fighting Boys B. The Famous Boys C. The Friendly Boys D. The Fat Boys Main types of reading materials: a.People's stories. b.Scientific knowledge. c.News report. d. Ads and application styl e. f.Culture and education. g.Societ and life.） Step2 Reading strategies 阅读理解主要题型: 1.细节理解题（to look for details） 2.词义猜测题（to guess the meaning） 3.推理判断题(to infer a conclusion) 4.主旨要意题(to find out main idea) 阅读理解解题步骤：第一步，略读；第二步，寻读；第三步，复读 1.细节理解题 此类考题一般在文章中都能找到相对应的答案。主要提问方式有： 用What/Who/When/Where/Why/How等提问. ◆From the first （second/third…）paragraph we know that_____. ◆Which of the following isn't mentioned? ◆Which of the following is TRUE/ NOT true ? 解题技巧：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，去进行对照，一般 能从原文中直接找到答案。 2.词义猜测题 此类考题要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义，常见提问方式有： ◆The word “_____”in the passage probably means________. ◆The underlined word “it”in the passage refers to（指的是）_______. ◆What's the meaning of the underlined word “______”in the passage? 解题技巧：通过阅读单词附近的上下文，断定该词的真正含义。要注意单词本义之外的符合题意的含义。 3.推理判断题 透过表面文字信息推测文字的隐含意思，对文章的发展情节和作者态度、意这类题要求考生图等
浅谈小学高年级英语阅读教学策略 摘要:阅读教学是小学英语教学中的一个重要环节，小学英语阅读教学的主要目的是通过阅读，教予学生阅读的方法，训练其阅读技巧，培养和提高学生的阅读理解能力。因此，阅读教学不仅仅是理解其内容，更重要的是培养学生自主学习的能力，发展学生的学习策略。 关键词：阅读技巧高年级教学策略 一、小学高年级英语阅读教学的现状 小学高年级英语的学习目标要求学生注意语言运用能力的培养，而阅读正是运用语言综合能力的体现。部分教师在阅读教学中方法单一，把阅读教学当成讲解新单词，翻译文段，分析段中语法知识，讲解课后练习的简单四步曲，没考虑学生的接受能力和消化能力，直接把知识灌输给学生，而忽略了学生的兴趣、阅读训练方法和传授阅读技巧。另一方面，小学生掌握的相关知识及能力有限，随着年段的升高，阅读篇幅的加长，特别到了五、六年级阶段，学生遇到的困难越来越多，部分学生越学越吃力,并且逐渐丧失了阅读的兴趣。 二、小学高年级英语阅读教学中存在的问题 1、学生对教师的依赖心理。有学生认为：反正书本上的知识老师会讲，练习会给出答案，何必自己花时间去思考、去想呢？长期下来，学生就会越来越懒于动脑，依赖老师。 2、学生对新知识的恐惧心理。学生见到新单词或理解不到的地方就停下来，总想把它弄懂了才往下看，生怕错过了什么，学生不能够根据上下文、图片等手段猜测单词的意思，遇到新词就产生放弃的心理，在一定程度上影响了学生的阅读兴趣和阅读效果。如：PEP六年级下册unit 1 Let’s read中，Sperm Whale和Killer Whale两种鲸的阅读材料都存在许多新单词，如果老师不能正确引导，学生就感觉束手无策，无从入手。 3、学生缺乏相关的背景知识。由于中西文化存在着较大的差异，学生不能根据掌握的知识透彻理解阅读材料，有时即使每一个单词都懂它的意思，却理解不了文中的意义所在。 4、学生的阅读的范围狭窄。学生在学习中文的时候，都会大量阅读课外读物：作文选、童话、小说、电视媒体……通过大量的语言刺激而习得。但是学生对于英语的阅读总是围绕课本出现的阅读材料，课外阅读量少，不能及时扩充学生的阅读范围，造成阅读的狭隘性。 5、教师的教学形式单一。解决新单词——读课文——做练习，部分教师始终如一的教学方法，不能激发学生的学习热情，调动不了学生的积极性，让学生逐渐出现倦怠情绪，上课开小差。 三、小学高年级英语阅读教学的三大原则 1、“两主”原则
2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（10） Passage Six (Equality of opportunity in the twentieth Century Has Not Destroyed the Class System) These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society’. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’, and ‘might is right’ are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy’ read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class syst em is rigidly maintained. Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunit ies for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life’. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.