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高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册 名词语法知识点复习总结

名词

名词单复数

1.一般情况下直接+s

2.以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的单数名词后+es

3.以辅音+y,把y改i加es

以元音+y,加s

4.以f/fe结尾

①把f/fe改为v+es

如:half,life,leaf,loaf一块面包,knife,shelf架子,wife

②直接+s

如:belief信任,grief悲伤,cliff悬),gulf海湾,roof,proof证明

5.特殊情况

①-ch词尾发/k/音,+S

Monarch君主 stomach

②以元音加o或oo结尾的词,加s

Bamboo/solo/piano/portfolio公文包/memento遗物/concerto协奏曲/quarto(4A)/kilo/largo协奏曲

③辅音+o结尾的词,加es

Cargo货物/echo回声/embargo禁令/hero/tomato/potato/veto否决权

④加es或s都行

Zero/volcano火山/mango/archipelago群岛/banjo班卓琴/grotto洞穴/halo

6.不规则

变内部元音:

man-men woman-women child-children goose-geese

tooth-teeth mouse-mice gentleman-gentlemen

单复数同型:

sheep deer sapcecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器 Chinese Japanese Swiss瑞士人 means方法 crossroads十字路口 head headquarters总部 series连续 species种类 works工厂

外来名词的复数形式

criterion-criteria 标准 phenomenon-phenomena现象

analysis-analyses分析 basis-bases基础

crisis-crises危机 thesis-theses论文 bacterium-bacteria细菌

medium-madia媒体

7.复合名词的复数形式

①不可数名词结尾,无复数形式

Homework newspaper

②Man或woman为前缀的,一起变

Woman doctor-women doctors man waiter-men waiters

③以两个名词组合成的,后面名词变复数

④以名词+介词(短语),前面名词变复数

Father-in-law→fathers-in-law

⑤动词/过去分词+副词,加s

Grown-up stand-by

所有格

表示‘的’的意思,分为’s和of两种所有格形式。

1.’s构成(从前往后翻)

(1)单数名词/复数名词非s结尾,后面加s

(2)复数名词词尾-s,加’

The boss‘s plan 老板的计划

(3)用and连接的并列名词的所有格分两种情况

①表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加’s

②表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加’s

Tom’s and Jim’s rooms (各自)的房间

Tom and Jim’s room (共同)的房间

2.用法

◆时间后

This month’s schedule 这个月的日程

10 days’ holiday十天的假期

◆国家或城市后

C hina’s po licy中国的政策

The town’s population这个镇的人口

◆组织机构后

◆度量衡后

◆天体后

3.of所有格(从后往前翻)

①修饰前面的名词

②表两个名词间的所属关系

4.双重所有格

①Of+名词’s所有格

②Of+名词性物主代词

主谓一致

1.集合名词做主语

①表整体概念,谓语动词用单数

②表个体概念,谓语动词用复数

Eg:(1)The whole family is active.

(2) the family have met their various obligations.

2.单复数同形名词做主语:根据句义,判断谓语动词的单复数

We need to find some other means of transportation.

3.国名、组织机构、书名、报刊名等复数形式的专用名词作为整体对待,谓语用

单数。

The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq.

5.由and或both..and..连接两个单数名词作主语时,指代复数概念,谓语动

词用复数

She and her friends are at the fair.

※and连接的两个词指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,且两个名词共用一个冠词,谓语动词必须用单数

The teacher and writer is her friend.

※and连接单数主语前如果有every.each.no.many a修饰时,谓语动词用单数 No smoking or drinking is allowed.Every man and woman is required to check in.

6.时间、距离、金钱、价格等常作为整体看待时,谓语动词用单数

①Five dollars is a lot of money.

②Fifteen miles is not a long way.

7.就近原则

(1) There/here be句型

①There are many possible candidates.

②Here are some stones.

(2) or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but(also)…连接并列成分作主语

①His friends or the boy runs every day.

②Neither gray nor white is my favourite color

③Either Grandpa or my sisters are going to the park.

8.就远原则

(1)As well as;together/along/combined with;

rather than;except;besides;including;in addition to;apart from

①The politician,along with the newsmen,is on the meeting.

②Exitement,as well as nervousness,is the cause of her shaking.

(2)some of,plenty of,a lot of ,lots of,most of,the rest of,all of

Half of,part of,分数、百分数+of+名词短语作主语,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。

①All of the chicken is gone。

②Most of the cookies were eaten。

9.四则运算中,谓语动词多用单数

10.‘a number of+可数名词复数’谓语动词用复数许多大量

‘the number of+可数名词’谓语动词用单数。。。的数量

11.“each,one,no one,some(any,no,every)+body(one或thing)”作主语或作限定词,谓语动词用单数

①Each gets a trophy for playing.

③Somebody will pay for this.

12.“one anda half+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。

①One and a half apples is left on the table.

13.“a/an+单数名词+or two”作主语,谓语动词用单数

“one or two+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数。

① A student or two has failed the exam.

②One or two suggestions were recommended.

14.many a…或more than one+名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。

①Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose.

②More than one student has tried this.

15.“one of+复数名词”结构中,谓语动词用单数。

16.few,many,several,all,some后加名词作主语,谓语动词用复数

Unit 3-4 语法汇总讲义-高中英语新人教版(2019)必修第一册

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