英美文学考前串讲（6）
Chapter 5 The Modern Period
I. Choose the right answer:
1. The three trilogies of_____Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.
A. D. H. Lawrence’s
B. John Galsworthy’s
C. James Joyce’s
D. Thomas Hardy’s
Answer: B (P337)
2. ____is the most outstanding stream-consciousness novelist.
A. T.S. Eliot
B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
C. James Joyce
D. Oscar Wilder
Answer: D (P317)
3. In his famous poem_____, Yeats explores the problems of death, love, old age and art.
A. "Leda and the Swan"
B. "No Second Troy"
C. "September 1913"
D. "Sailing to Byzantium"
Answer: D (P354)
4. ____is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.
A. Ulysses
B. The Waste Land
C. The Confidential Clerk
D. Dubliners
Answer: B (P360)
5. The Rainbow and_____are generally regarded as D.H. Lawrence’s masterpieces.
A. Women in Love
B. Son s and Lovers
C. Lady Chatterley’s Lover
D. The Plumed Serpent
Answer: A (P370)
6. In ____, James Joyce intends to present a microcosm of the whole human life by providing an
instance of how a single event contains all the events of its kind, and how history is recapitulated in the happenings of one day.
A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
B. Dubliners
C. Ulysses
D. Finnegans Wake
Answer: C (P388)
7. Structurally and thematically, George Bernard Shaw follows the great tradition _______.
A. Modernism
B. Romanticism
C. Realism
D. Naturalism
Answer: C (P323)
8. Galsworthy was a _____writer, having inherited the fine traditions of the great Victorian novelists of the critical realism such as Dickens and Thackeray.
A. naturalistic
B. romantic
C. realistic
D. conventional
Answer: D (P338)
9. In "The Forsyte Saga" by John Galsworthy, a typical Forsyte has a remarkable characteristic-----a strong sense of______.
A. money
B. property
C. success
D. privilege
Answer: B (P339)
10. In "The Lake Isle of Innisfree", William Bulter Yeats expresses his ____________.
A. hope to go abroad
B. desire to escape into a "fairyland"
C. love for common life
D. hatred for war
Answer: B (P356)
11. In which of the following poems by Yeats did you find the allusion to Helen and Trojan War?
A. Sailing to Byzantium
B. Down by the Sally Garden
C. The Lake Isle of Innisfree
D. Leda and the Swan
Answer: D (P354)
12. Of the following poems by T.S. Eliot, which is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th Century English Poetry?
A. Poems 1909----1925
B. The Hollow Men
C. Prufrock and Other Observations
D. The Waste Land
Answer: D (P359)
13. "The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the windowpanes,/ The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the windowpanes/ Linked its tongue into the corners of the evening,/ Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains." The stanza is taken from_________.
A. T.S. Eliot’s "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"
B. Emily Dickinson’s "Because I could not stop for Death"
C. Alfred Tennyson’s "Break, Break, Break"
D. William Wordsworth’s "I wandered Lonely as a Cloud"
Answer: A (P363---364)
14. Which of the following best describes the speaker of ’The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"?
A. He is a man of an action.
B. He is a man of apathy.
C. He is a man of inactivity.
D. All the above are wrong.
Answer: C (P363)
15. Of the following works by D.H. Lawrence, _______established his position as novelist.
A. The White Peacock
B. The Trespasser
C. Women in Love
D. Sons and Lovers
Answer: D (P370)
16. Which of the following is considered to be a better-structured novel?
A. Women in Love
B. Son s and Lovers
C. The Rainbow
D. Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Answer: A (P372)
17. ’The Lawrence trilogy" refers to the following three plays except ______.
A. A Collier’s Friday Night]
B. The Daughter -in-Law
C. The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyed
D. Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Answer: D (P373)
18. Which of the following writings is not the novel of D.H. Lawrence’s?
A. Sons and Lovers
B. A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong Man
C. The White Peacock.
D. The Rainbow
Answer: B (P369---370)
19. Of the following writings by James Joyce, which is a prime example of modernism in literature?
A. Ulysses
B. A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong Man
C. Dubliners
D. Finnegans Wake
Answer: A (P386)
20. Which of the following is not true according to James Joyce?
A. Ulysses has become a prime example of modernism in literature.
B. Joyce is regarded as the most prominent stream-of-consciousness novelist.
C. Joyce is a realistic writer in English literature history.
D. His novel "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young man" is a naturalistic account of the hero’s bitter experiences and his final artistic and spiritual liberation.
Answer: C (P386---389)
II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:
1. Analyze the poem of T. S. Eliot -"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"
1) "In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo"
<1> Why does the sentence repeat in the poem for several times?
Answer:
The sentence symbolizes the remote and faraway things, it implies the inability to face up with the reality and the life of the hero. (P363)
2) "And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street, ...
There will be time, there will be time ...."
<1> What deep implication can you get from the passage?
Answer:
The hero was unable to face up with the life and reality bravely, but he was anxious to find time
passing so quickly that he was very depressed. The passage shows the tragic character of the indecision of the young man. (P363)
3) "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons;
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from the father room.
So how should I presume?
<1> What did the speaker presume?
<2> Interpret the excerpt.
Answer:
<1> He will propose marriage to a girl, but he dare not.
<2> The Excerpt shows the futile and boring life of the upper class. (Every day, they drink coffee, listen to music, but they can’t really enjoy the pleasure of life, leading a boring life.)
4) "I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floor of silent seas."
<1> Interpret it.
Answer:
If he had been a crab on the ocean bed, maybe he would have been better. The motion of the crab suggests futility and growing old. (P368 注释5)
5) "But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen:
Would it have been worthwhile" (此节选部分在P367)
<1> Interpret it.
Answer:
The sentence implies the speaker’s incapability of facing up to love and to life. He is always fearful that others will see through his ideas and truth of falling love, which makes himself live in frightening and restlessness. (P363)
2. "I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made:
Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,
And live alone in the bee-loud glade"
1) Identify the poem and poet;
2) Interpret the poem.
Answer:
1) The poem is "The Lake Isle of Innisfree", which was written by William Butler Yeats. (P355)
2) In the poem, the poet imagined a place where he could live like a hermit, implying that he was tired of the life of his day, he sought to escape into and ideal "fairyland" where he could live calmly as a hermit and enjoyed the beauty of the nature.
3. "North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers’ school set the boys free ..., gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces."
1) Comment the main tone of the story with the concrete images of the passage.
2) Analyze the theme of the story.
3) Explain the devices of symbols with the examples of the article.
Answer:
1) The tone of the story is a fine tuned melancholy.
The scene is drab, lifeless. The Christian School sounds like prison -it sets the boys free. The brown color also showed the tone of the story. (节选部分在P390)
2) The story introduced a little boy’s love experience, expressing his awareness of reality and expectation, and pointing out the drabness and harshness of the adult world. (P385)
3) In this article the author used many images to show the symbols meaning, expressing the frustrated quest for beauty. (P390)
For example: The little boy lived with his uncle and aunt -a symbol
of the isolation and the lack of proper relationship;
His uncle forgot his arrangement is a symbol of the boy’s failure;
The deserted train symbol the indifference relationship, and "all the stalls were in closed and the greatest part of the hall was in darkness" and "the upper part of the hall was now completely dark" symbol the destined failure of the boy’s quest for the beauty.
4. "You are not, my son. Battle-battle -and suffer. It’s about all you do, as far as I can see." "But why not, my dear? I tell you it’s the best ---"
"It isn’t. And one ought to be happy, one ought."
By this time Mrs. Morel was trembling violently ...
"Eh, my dear -say rather you want me to live."
1) Name the works and its writer.
2) Who are the two speakers? How do you know her?
Answer:
1) The novel is named "Sons and Lovers". It’s the works of D. H. Lawrence. (节选部分在P383)
2) The two speakers are Mrs. Morel and her son (Paul).
Mrs. Morel is a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman. Having been disappointed with her husband, a coal miner, she puts all her feeling on her son, hoping to realize her ideas of success, happiness and social esteem. The distorted relationship reflects the inhuman mechanical civilization and the indifference of the men. (P375—376)
III. Questions and answers:
1. What are the characters of Modernism?
Answer:
1) Modernism rose out of scepticism and disillusionment of capitalism;
2) The French symbolism heralded modernism;
3) Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base;
4) The major theme of Modernism are the distorted, alienated and ill relationship between man and society, man and nature, man and man, man and himself;
5) The Modernists concern about the private, subjective, inner individual and the tone is disillusioned. (P312—313)
2. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary, how do you know his works?
Answer:
1) Lawrence’s interest lay in the psychological development of his character;
2) He criticized the dehumanizing effect of the capitalism industrialization on human which turned man into inhuman machines and unhealthy animal;
3) He believes the life impulse -the sexual impulse was man’s most important instinct, any conscious repression would cause distortion of the man’s personality;
4) He explored the relationship of man and woman in psychology;
5) He believed the alienation and the perversion were caused by the desire for power and money. (P317)
3. What philosophical ideas influenced Modernism?
Answer:
1) Karl Marx’s scientific socialism;
2) Darwin’s theory evolution -the social Darwinism "survival of the fittest";
3) Einstein’s theory of relativity;
4) Freud’s analytical psychology;
5) The irrational philosophy. (P311—P312)
4. Common sense about "The Waste Land"
Answer:
"The Waste Land" is T. S. Eliot’s masterpiece:
1) The poem presents a panorama of physical disorder and spiritual desolation;
2) It reflects the mood of disillusionment, frustration, and despair of the whole post-war generation;
3) It concerns with the spirit breakup that man has lost his meaning, significance, and purpose of life;
4) The poem derogated/criticized the civilized world for its horror, menace, anguish and futility. (P359—362)
5. Analyze the background of the Modernism.
Answer:
1) Natural and social sciences advanced greatly, capitalism came into its monopoly stage, the gap between the poor and the rich was deepened;
2) The First World War and The Second World War happened, which influenced people greatly;
3) All kinds of philosophical ideas were produced. (P311—312)
6. Say something about Freudian and Jungian’ psycho-analysis.
Answer:
1) Multiple/many levels of consciousness exist in the human mind at the same time;
2) Man’s present are the sum of his past, present and future;
3) Truth exists in the unique, isolated, and private world of each individual.
4) The theory creates "steam-of-consciousness". (P316)
7. Why Modernism is different from Realism?
Answer:
In many aspects, Modernism acts against Realism;
1) Modernism rejects rationalism, while Realism stresses it;
2) Modernism includes internal, subjective, psychological world, while Realism stresses external, objective, and material world;
3) Modernism advocates new forms and new techniques, and it casts away all the traditional elements such as: story, character, etc. while Realism stresses it.
4) Modernism works are called anti-novel, anti-poetry, anti-drama etc. (P313)
8. List the representative authors of the "Stream of Consciousness" and explain the theory.
Answer:
1) Stream of Consciousness is a narrative method to describing the unspoken thoughts and feelings of the characters, but not using objective description or conventional dialogue.
Authors represent the thought, emotions without logical sequence or syntax and make the characters tell the inner movement of consciousness and the thoughts.
2) The representative authors are: James Joyce "Ulysses"
Virginia Woolf "Mrs. Dalloway"
Richardson "Pilgrimage"
T. S. Eliot
Henry James
George Eliot (P389)
绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。全部题目用英文作答。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. 1. Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his ______ plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. A. 27 B. 38 C.47 D. 52 2. john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last ______. A. romances B. dramas C. great poems D. ballads 3. The novels of ______ are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower— class people. A. John Milton B. Daniel Defoe C. Henry Fielding D. Jonathan Swift
Chapter I The Renaissance Period Definitions of the Literary Terms: 文艺复兴时期的界定 1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medie val to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14 th & 17th centuries. 历史文化背景It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to emb race the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means "rebirth" or "reviva l," is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoverie s in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expa nsion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in whic h the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that e xpressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 文艺复兴到英国比较晚的原因The Renaissance was slow in reaching Englan d not only becaus e o f England?s separation from the Continent but also be cause of its domestic unrest. It was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England. With Henry VII I?s encouragement the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduc ed classical literature to England. 15th century, began the English Renaissa nce, which was perhaps England?s Golden Age, especially in literature. 人文主义H umanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient author s and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its consci ous, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on s uch a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new l earning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, b ut the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists fou nd in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see th at human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was thei rs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizin g the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the bea uty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wond ers. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the b est representatives of the English humanists. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimi lation.
英美文学选读翻译（英语专业自考） 第一部分：英国文学 第一章文艺复兴时期 文艺复兴标志着一个过渡时期,即中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始。一般来说,文艺复兴时期是从十四世纪到十七世纪中叶。它从意大利兴起,伴随着绘画、雕塑和文学领域的百花齐放,而后文艺复兴浪潮席卷了整个欧洲。文艺复兴,顾名思义即重生、复苏,是由一系列历史事件激发推动的,其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现。地理天文领域的新发现,宗教改革及经济发展。因此,文艺复兴从本质上是欧洲人文主义者竭力摒弃中世纪欧洲的封建主义,推行代表新兴城市资产阶级利益的新思想,并恢复早期宗教的纯洁性,远离腐败的罗马天主教廷的一场运动。 文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。乔叟去世后的一个半世纪是英国历史上最动荡不安的时期。好战的贵族篡取了王位,使英国走上自我毁灭之路。著名的玫瑰之战就是极好的例子。后来理查三世的恐怖统治标志着内战的结束,在都铎王朝的统治下英国的民族情感又成长起来。然而直到亨利八世统治期间(1509-1547),文艺复兴的春风才吹入英国。在亨利八世的鼓励下,牛津的改革派学者和人文主义者们将古典文学引入英国。基于古典文学作品及《圣经》的教育重获生机,而十五世纪就被广泛传阅的文学作品则更加流行了。自此,英国的文艺复兴开始了。英国,尤其是英国文学进入了黄金时代。这个时期涌现出莎士比亚、斯宾塞、约翰逊、锡德尼、马洛、培根及邓恩等一大批文学巨匠。但英国的文艺复兴并未使新文学与旧时代彻底决裂,带有十四、十五世纪特点的创作态度与情感依然贯穿在人文主义与改革时代。 人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。它源于努力恢复中世纪产生的对古希腊罗马文化的尊崇。人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以"人"为中心,人是万物之灵。通过这些对古代文化崭新的研究,人文主义者不仅看到了光彩夺目的艺术启明星,还在那古典作品中寻求到了人的价值。在中世纪的社会中,个人完全隶属于封建统治,没有独立和自由可言;在中世纪的神学理论中,人与周围世界的关系仅仅是人消极适应或消极遁世,不允许追求快乐,以备死后灵魂得以超脱。然而人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到了充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是光荣的生命,人自己可以不断发展,至善至美,而且人们生存的世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑、探索以及享受。由此,人文主义者通过强调人类的尊严、强调今生今世的重要性,喊出了他们的信仰,即人类不仅有权利在今生今世美好生活,而且还有能力完善自我,创造奇迹。人文主义遍布英国思想领域的。标志是荷兰学者伊拉斯谟先后到牛津大学与剑桥大学讲授古典文化研究。托马斯·漠尔、克利斯朵夫·马洛和威廉·莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period 一、单项选择题 1.In Elegy Written in a country Churchyard, Thojmas Gray reveals his sympathy for ----, but mocks the great ones who despise them and bring havoc on them. A the poor and the unknown B the middle class C the proletariat D the landlords 2. “surface”, “Sneerwell,” “backbite,” “Candour” are most likely the names of the characters in --- A Shaw’s Mrs Warren’s Profession B Sheridan’s The School for Scandal C Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s L ost D Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus 3.In the theatrical world of the neoclassical period, ----- was the leading figure among the host of playwrights. A William Blake B Richard Brinsley Sheridan C Ben Johnson D George Bernard Shaw 4.“To be so distin guished is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.” A ironic B jealous C delightful D humorous 5.Samuel Johnson was the ----- great neolassicist enlighterer in the later 18th century. A last B only C first D all the above are wrong 6.Which of the following novels is not written by Henry Fielding? A Jonathan Wild B Moll Flanders
自考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理 [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1、Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance、人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2、 the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things、人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3、 Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy、人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4、 Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English
The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期 Beowulf 《贝奥武夫》：第一部最古老、最长的较完整的文学作品The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》小说集，描写了各行各业中的人物形象 Italy 三方面：painting+sculputre+literature 主要作家： William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚 The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》 （1）手法：pun 双关（“Not on thy sole,but on thy soul,harsh Jew /Thou mak ’st thy knife keen.”“狠心的犹太人,你不是在鞋口上磨刀,而是在你的心口上磨刀”） （2）主人公名字：安东尼奥Antonio 巴萨尼奥Bassanio 鲍西亚Portia 犹太人Jews 夏洛克Shylock 生平2long poems 154sonnets 38plays Venus and Adonis 《维纳斯与安东尼斯》 The Rape of Lucrece 《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 四大喜剧A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》 As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》 Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》
Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》 （1）手法：soliloquy 独白（“To be,or not to be —that is the question ”） （2）The first and the most popular play of Shakespeare 十四行诗（18） （1）起源Italy 引入英国的人Wyatt 华埃特 （2）经典名句：“Shall I compare thee to a summer ’s day?”我 可能把你和夏天相比拟？ （3）修辞：Personification 拟人手法 （4）主题：美好夏日通常短暂，但诗歌之美却能永存。 A nice summer's day is usually transient,but the beauty in poetry can last forever 四大悲剧哈罗李白Macbeth 《麦克白》 King Lear 《李尔王》Othello 《奥赛罗》 Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》 四 个 时 期学徒期：5部历史剧、4部戏剧个性期巅峰期：悲剧、悲喜剧（黑色喜剧） 晚年期 5部历史、6部喜剧 剧2部悲剧：Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》表达乐观情绪：optimistic 运用反讽刺手法：irony 浪漫悲喜剧：The Tempest 《暴风雨》 最后两部剧：《亨利八世》、《两位贵族亲戚》
Chapter 3 ------------The Romantic Period(英国） Romanticism refers to an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. Historical background: Rousseau’s ideas provided guiding principles for the French Revolution (1789-1794) The primarily agricultural society had been replaced by a modern industrialized one. Political reforms and mass demonstrations shook the foundation of aristocratic rule in Britain. Cultural background 1.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought, French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau and German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Rousseau established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit. Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit as manifested in German folk songs, Gothic architecture, and the plays of English playwright William Wordsworth. 2. The Romantics saw man essentially as an individual in the solitary state and emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. 3. In the works of the sentimental writers, we note a new interest in literatures and legends other than those of Greece and Rome. It was in effect a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason. Features of the romantic literature 1.Expressiveness: Instead of regarding poetry as “a mirror to nature”, the romantics hold that the object of the artist should be the expression of the artist’s emotions, impressions, or beliefs 2. Imagination: Romantic literature puts great emphasis on the creative function of the imagination, seeing art as a formulation of intuitive, imaginative perceptions that tend to speak a nobler truth than that of fact, logic, or the here and now. 3.Singularity: Romantic poets have a strong love for the remote, the unusual, the strange, the supernatural, the mysterious, the splendid, the picturesque, and the illogical. 4. Worship of nature: Romantic poets see in nature a revelation of Truth, the “living garment of God”. 5.Simplicity: Romantic poets tend to turn to the humble people and the everyday life for subjects, employing the commonplace, the natural and the simple as their materials 6.The Romantic period is an age of poetry. The Romantic period is also a great age of prose. The major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott. Gothic novel was one phase of the Romantic Movement. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural Willam Blake Points of view: 1. Politically Blake was a rebel, mixing a good deal with the radicals like Thomas Paine. He strongly criticized the capitalists’cruel exploitation. He cherished great expectations and enthusiasm for the French Revolution and regarded it as a necessary stage leading to the millennium predicted by the biblical prophets. 2. Literarily Blake was the first important Romantic poet, showing a contempt for the rule of reason, opposing the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treasuring the individual’s imagination. His works: Poetical Sketches (1783) Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790) Songs of Innocence (1809) Songs of Experience (1794) 1. Songs of Innocence (1809)
英美文学考前串讲（7） American Literature Chapter 1 The Romantic Period I. Choose the right answer: 1. Of all the following issues, _____is definitely NOT the focus of the Romantic writers in the American literary history. A. Puritan morality B. Human bestiality C. Noble sav ages D. Divinity of man Answer: B (P401) 2.Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New England Transcende ntal Movement. A. Walden B. The Pioneers C. Nature D. "Song of Myself" Answer: A (P402) 3. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind" is a famous quote fr om______’s writings. A. Walt Whitman B. Henry David Thoreau C. Herman Melville D. Ralph Waldo Eme rson Answer: D (P402) 4. Leaves of Grass’commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of ________, which are written in the founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and t he American Civil War. A. the democratic ideals B. the romantic ideals C. the self-reliance spirits D. the relig ious ideals Answer: A (P447) 5. According to Whitman, the genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was to behave as a supreme_________. A. democrat B. individualist C. romanticist D. lead er Answer: B (P448) 6. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as ___________. A. The Naturalist Period B. The Modern Period C. The Romantic Period D. The Realistic Pe riod Answer: C (P399) 7. In the following works, which sign the beginning of the American literature? A. The S ketch Book B. Leaves of Grass C. Leather Stocking Tales D. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn B (P399) 8._____is the author of the work ’The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’. A. Washington Irving B. James Joyce C. Walt Whitman D. William Butler Yeats Answer: A (P404) 9. Washington Irving’s ’Rip Van Winkle’is famous for_________. A. Rip’s escape into a mysterious B. The story’s German legendary source material C. Rip’s seeking for happiness D. Rip’s 20-years sleep Answer: D (P406) 10. Which of the following statement is not true about Washington Irving? A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories. B. Irving’s relationship with the Old World in terms of his literary imagination can hardly be ign
2009年4月英美文学选读自考试题 全国2009年4月自考 英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上(全部题目用英文作答) I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet. 1. In Renaissance, the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to do the following EXCEPT ______. A. getting rid of those old feudalist ideas B. getting control of the parliament and government C. introducing new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie D. recovering the purity of the early church, from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church 2. The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by ______. A. Surrey B. Wyatt C. Sidney D. Shakespeare
英美文学框架 英美文学重要笔记，精华版，推荐！ Old English 450-1066
[转帖]英美文学选读学习技巧 我是外贸英语大专毕业的，为了拿到本科文凭，我的首选当然是英语专业，第一年我顺利就拿到8份单科毕业证书，今年四月我只剩听说与英美文学最难的二门。通过今年考试我感受很深，也领悟很多。我想这里开一个英美文学学习技巧话题，大家能交流一下学习经验或小窍门，为没通过或即将要考英美文学同学提供多一点信息和帮助。谢谢！ 首先我想与大家谈论一下参考书，我能理解大家想偷机取巧的想法，参考书必定是比课本薄得多，看上去象精选集，但事实并非如此，实际考题说明一切。考题不会超大纲，答案自然都在书上。只不过来年考题会从越来越偏僻角落去选择，所以课本也就越发重要。我现在都能想象出题老师得意笑容，"我出的题难什么，都在书上"。 当我看完第一遍书时，其过程实在是艰涩痛苦，捏着厚厚书真觉得苦海无涯，望也望不到出头之日。但奇妙的感觉在后面，当我第二，三，四遍看完，当然到后面是以翻看形式了，书本捏在手上变得越来越薄了。我认为以课本为基础，在自己脑海中形成的超薄精选集才是正直实用有效的参考书，在网上是下载不到，书店里也买不到。你所需要做的是把这课本看懂，读透，翻烂。I don't want to say this is only choice, but it actually is, and an m ost direct and efficient way. Dont find too much resources, which cant easy your jo b, but increase your burden. 我看见许多人说背不出，或怎样背。大家都是这条路上过来的难兄难弟，多半白天要上班，晚上要背书，有段时间我近似绝望，怀疑自己提早进入老年痴呆症，健忘症。我不断弄混名字，作品，时期，英美不分。就现在考题看来，题型已不是单纯浅显记忆题，而是在此基础上的综合理解题，在今年的部分选择题，简答题里都是这样。如果不掌握最基本的（纯粹背的），PASS是绝无希望。这里我介绍自己的记忆方法，这方法帮我走出维谷，希望对你们会有些帮助。 我的方法是建立一个树枝结构。复习开始时面对的最大困惑是东西太多，无从下手，而且更糟是前背后忘记，忘得比背得快，简直是没天理，花下去的时间精力似乎打了水漂。当然要让每个作家都能象对Shakespeare一样一听就有个大概印象，没有充足广泛阅读量是无法做到的。既然太深一下子沉不到海底，我索性浮起来从面上抓，我的树枝结构应运而生。可以说书前的目录就是主树杆，每个时期是树枝，每个作家便是树叉，单是这样还是很抽像很难记，加上不同的"色彩形状的叶子"，开始不用很多，节选作品，称号（e.g. the father of ..... or the Poet's Poet），相关术语（Whitman-free verse, Emerson-trascandentalis m），正是这些"叶子"使树叉有其独特之处，成为记忆的载体。这样我一下子把英美文学浓缩成二张卡片，在回家上班路上忙里偷闲时看一下，记一下，背一下。嗨，各位，这真得很有效噢，在很短时间内，我可以做出60％的选择题了，并将茫然无序的思路理清。Though my tree is still in winter, "if winter comes, can Spring be far behind?"。这也许可作为根基吧，但其巩固是在这棵树枝繁叶茂的过程中，基础巩固与细节化是相辅相承的。然后我准备了一份小册子，一页一位作家，每页再加上作家主要作品，风格，特点，作品情节，语言，人物描写，功献，第一或最后本作品，最成功作品，最....，通过你不断从课本中汲取，你的树会茁壮成长，并且由重点到细节，从记忆，熟悉，理解整个过程基本附合考纲要
1. …I glaneed back once. A wafer of a moon was shining over Gatsby's house, making the ni ght fine as before, and survi ving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden. A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gesture of farewell. A. lden tify the author and the title of the no vel from which this passage is take n. F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby B. The passage describes the end of an eve nt. What is it? It is a description of the end of a big party C. What implied meaning can you get from read ing this passage? The passage hints at the meaninglessness, spiritual emptiness and vanity of such a life of pleasure-seeking. There is a tragic sense that the party ”will be over. 2. My ton gue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air, Born here of pare nts born here from pare nts the same, and their pare nts the same, I, now thirty-seve n years old in perfect health begi n, Hoping to cease not till death. A. Iden tify the poet and the title of the poem. Whitman, Song of Myself B. What do "soil" and "air" represe nt in the first line? America, his coun try, his n ative land C. What does the poet try to say in the above four lin es? I was born and nurtured by this land and shall from now on devote my whole life to the coun try. 3. I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom bel onging to me as good bel ongs to you. I loafe and inv ite my soul, I lea n and loafe at my ease observ ing a spear of summer grass. ” (From Walt Whitman ' So ng of Myself ”) A. Who does myself ” refer to ? The poet himself and the America n people. B. How do you un dersta nd the line I loafe and in vite my soul? ” The line in dicates a separati on of the body and the soul. C. What does a spear of summer grass "symbolize? The phrase in dicates Whitma n ' optimism and experie nee. 4. "A nd the n ative hue of resoluti on/Is sicklied o 'r with the pale cast of thought." (Shakespeare, Humlet) A. What does the "n ative hue of resoluti on" mea n? determ in ati on (determ inedn ess, actio n, activity, ...) B. What does the "pale cast of thought" sta nd for? con siderati on (in decisi on, in activity, hesitati on,...) C. What idea do the two lines express? Too much thi nking (con siderati on,...) made (makes) activity (acti on) impossible. 5. "Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; /Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!" A. Ide ntify the poem and the poet. Shelley ' Ode to the West Wind B. What is the "Wild Spirit"? The West Wind; "breath of Autumn ' being" C. What does the "Wild Spirit" destroy and preserve? It destroys things that are dead, it preserves new life. 6. "Whe n the mini ster spoke from the pulpit, with power and fervid eloque nee, and, with his hands on the ope n bible, of the sacred truths of our religi on, and of sain t-like lives and triumpha nt deaths, and of future bliss or misery unu tterable, the n did Goodma nBrow n turn pale, dreadi ng, lest the roof should thun der dow n upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers. A. Ide ntify the title of the short story from which this part is take n. Hawthorne ' Young Goodman Brown B. What had happe ned in the story before this church sce ne? Brow n had atte nded a witches ' party where he saw many prom inent people of the village, the mini ster in cluded. C. Why was Goodma n Brow n afraid the roof might thun der dow n? Brow n was shocked by the mini ster, secretly a member of the evil club, who could talk about sacred truths of the religi on ope nly and un ashamedly. He thought God would punish such hypocrites dow n on them. 7. (A lot of comm on objects have bee n enu merated before, and here are the last two lines of There Was a Child Went Forth :) The horizon ' edge, the flying sea-crow, the fragranee of salt marsh and shore mud. These became part of that child who went forth every day, and who now goes, and will always go forth every day. A. Who is the author of this poem? What is the title of the poem? Whitma n. There was a Child Went Forth B. What does the "Child" sta nd for in the poem? The young grow ing America. C. In one or two senten ces, i nterpret the implied meaning of the two lin es. The poet uses his childhood experie nee of grow ing up and lear ning about the world around him to imply that young America will grow and develop like that. D. How do you un dersta nd These became part of the child ”？ It is interesting to reexamine the sequenee of the items list in this poem which became part of the child ". They reflect the natural process of a boy ' growth. At first, his world was limited within the barnyard. Later, he sought into fields and streets. Then, he became interested in something more mysterious —his fellow huma n bein gs. Fin ally, he was on the symbolic threshold of the outside world, the sea. He had grow n in to a young man from a boy. 8. And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin, Whe n I am pinned and wriggli ng on the wall. Then how should begi n