语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。
一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法
常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：
Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！
be happy! 快乐！
have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed!
成功！ make progress! 进步！
二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：
1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法
如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。
If I had time,I would go there.
如果我有空，我就去那儿。
如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.
如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。
例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）
If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.
万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
4） i f 的省略
如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if 省略，而把were,had 或should
置于句首,来表达以if 引导的条件句的相同意思。
例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.
5)条件句或主句的省略
当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。
例如：——Why didn t you attend the party yesterday?
——I would/should have,but I was too busy then.
May you 祝你
I was surprised that you didn t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）
6)混合时间条件句与主句
条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。
例如：If the teacher hadn t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.
7)含蓄条件句与主句
即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if 从句。
例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldn t have made such great progress.
＝If his help,we wouldn t have made such great progress.
2.在as if/as though 引导的状语从句中用法：
在as if/as though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：
The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.
注：as if/as though 从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）
3．在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：
1） 在wish 后的宾语从句中的用法：
A ．与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done ”形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterday s exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。
B ．与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did ”形式。例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.
C ．表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do ”形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!
2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为“(should) do ”形式。例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/
insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.
3)在“It is (about/high) time ＋that 从句”结构中，that 从句的谓语用一般过去
时或“should do ”形式。例如：It is high time he 他该开始了。
4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,
advice 等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do ”形式。例如：
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.
虚拟语气考点分析
1．——Alice,why didn t you come yesterday?
——I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)
A.had
B.would
C.was going to
D.did
析:此题A 、D 明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B 选项若为would have 则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadn t had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to 可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。
there hadn t been we hadn t got started. should start.
2．If there were no subjunctive,English ______ much easier. (NMET)
A.will be
B.would have been
C.could have been
D.would be
析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。
3．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (NMET)
A.obeys
B.obey
C.will obey
D.would obey
析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。
4．I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A.seen
B.did see
C.had seen
D.were to see
析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。
5．—— If he _____ ,he _____ that food.
—— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)
A.was warned;would not take
B.had been warned;would not have taken
C.wuld be warned;had not taken
D.would have been warned;had not taken
析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。
6.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (NMET)
A.is
B.will be
C.would have been
D.would be
析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。7．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____. (NMET)
A.breaks
B.has broken
C.were broken
D.had been broken
析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。
8．You didn t let me drive.If we _____ in turn,you _____ so tired. (NMET)
A.drove;didn t get
B.drove;wouldn t get
C.were driving;wouldn t get
D.had driven;wouldn t have got
析：观察题干，可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是D。
9．I didn t see your uncle at the party.If he _____ ,he would have said hello to
me.
A.would come
B.had come
C.came
D.did come
析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。
10．_____ it _____ for your help,I couldn t have made any progress.
A.Had;not been
B.Should;not be
C.Did;not be
D.Not;be
析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your help ＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）
11．Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _____ our dinner party.
A.should come to
B.would have attended
C.would come to
D.should have attended
析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。
倒装句型
英语的倒装有两大类型：
一、全部倒装：指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装，有下列几种情况：
1．h ere,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首时引起全部倒装。
例如：
Here is a letter for you./There goes the last train./The door opened,and in came Mr Smith./Away went the boy./Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas./Back came the others./Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand./Then came a noise like thunder./Now comes the bus. 2．介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首，引起全部倒装。例如：
In the corner of the room stands a writing－table./South of the city lies a big factory./Under
the bed lies a cat./In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.
注：以上两种完全倒装主语必须是名词，谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词，如lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run等，主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列，则不用完全倒装。例如：
Here it rains a lot every month of the year./Here we are!/Off you go!/Then she went to the shop.
3．在there be 结构中，采用全部倒装语序。例如：
There is a book in the bag.
表系主语
4．代词such作表语，意“这样的人”“这样的物”，应置于句首，其后全部倒装。例如：
Such were the facts./Such would be our home in the future.
二、部分倒装：指部分谓语（如助动词、情态动词）位于主语之前的倒装。有下列一些情
况：
1．一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意问句要求部分倒装。例如：Has he finished his work?/It s
a lovely day,isn t it?
2．特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语的特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。例如：
When did you go there?/Which do you like best?
3．only修饰动词、介词短语、状语从句，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装。例如：
Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.
注：“only＋名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。例如：
Only he can do it.(正) Only can he do it. (误)
4．含有否定意义的副词，如：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句首时，要求部分倒装。例如：
Hardly can I believe that./Never has he been to the Great Wall./Seldom does she
write to me.
5．not only…but(also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。例如；
Not only should we study science,but also we should pay attention to politics.
注：若not only…but(also)…连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。
6．not until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。例如：Not until he was ten did he go to school./Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.
7．hardly…when…;no sooner…than…句型中，若hardly,no sooner位于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。例如：
Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang./No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.
8．so表“也”、“同样”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。例如：
You can swim,so can I./If you go,so will I.
倒装语序考点分析
1．N ot only _____ polluted but _____ crowded. (上海高考)
A.was the city;were the streets
B.the city was;the streets were
C.was the city;the streets were
D.the city was;were the streets
析：not only部分要部分倒装，可排除B、D。but(also)部分不要倒装，故C为正确答案。
2．L ittle _____ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.
(上海高考)
A．does he care B.did he care C.he care D.he cared
析：否定意义的Little在句首，该句要倒装，故答案在A、B之中选择一个，因A的时
态不对，故答案为B。
3．Only in this way _____ progess in your English. (NMET)
A.you make
B.can you make
C.you be able to make
D.will you able to come
析：Only 修饰in this way置于句首，句子要部分倒装，故答案为B。
4．Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was.(NMET)
A.did the villagers realize
B.the villagers realized
C.the villagers did realize
D.didn t the villagers realize
析：由于Not until在句首，主句要采用部分倒装，这样先可排除B、C，又由于D不
应该用didn t,故A为正确答案。
5．Be quick! _____
A.The bus comes here
B.The bus here comes
C.Here the bus comes
D.Here comes the bus
析：用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作出现在倒装句中，所以此题答案为D。（＝The bus is coming here.）
6．On the wall _____ two large portraits. (NMET)
A.hangs
B.hang
C.hanged
D.hanging
析：由于介词短语on the wall位于句首，全句要采用完全倒装式，因为主语是复数，所以正确答案为B。
虚拟语气、倒装句型专练
1.L ittle _____ about what others think.
A.he has cared
B.he cares
C.cared he
D.does he care
2._____ got into the room _____ the telephone rang. (NMET)
A.He hardly had;then
B.Hardly had he;when
C.He had not;than
D.Not had he;when
3.Only by practising a few hours every day _____ be able to master the language.
(上海高考)
A．you can B.can you C.you will D.will you
4.If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it.
A.saw;would ask
B.had seen;would have asked
C.had seen;would ask
D.saw;would have asked
5.What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days?
A.is
B.will be
C.were
D.would be
6._____ you succeed in everything and _____ you be healthy.
A.Hope;wish
B.Wish;hope
C.May;may
D.Expect;hope
7.But for your help,I _____ the place.
A.can t find
B.can t have found
C.couldn t have found
D.haven t found
8.If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday,he _____ her from going.
A.had been;would have prevented
B.had been;would prevent
C.were;would prevent
D.were;would have prevented
9.If it had not been for the liberation,no changes _____ place in my hometown.
A.would have taken
B.would have been taken
C.will taken
D.will be taken
10._____ late tommorrow,who would take her place?
A.Should Miss Green come
B.If Miss Green would come
C.Miss Green should come
D.If Miss Green comes
11._____ it _____,the crops _____ be saved.
A.Had;rained;could
B.Should;rain;would
C.If;rains;should
D.Would;rain;should
12.The actor is over fifty.But he acts as if he _____ a young man.
A.is
B.will be
C.should be
D.were
13.It seems as if it ____ already summer now.
A.were
B.be
C.is
D.had been
14.I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday.
A.saw
B.could see
C.had seen
D.was seeing
15.I made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made.
A.stick to
B.stuck to
C.insist
D.insisted on
16.It is suggested that a study plan _____ right now.
A.is made
B.is to be made
C.be made
D.had been made
17.They required that we _____ them get in the crops.
A.help
B.helped
C.were helping
D.would help
18.She should have attended the class,but she _____ .
A.hadn t
B.hasn t
C.didn t
D.doesn t
19.It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library,which made the smokers unhappy.
A.is forbidden
B.would permit
C.be allowed
D.should not be allowed
20.Not once _____ his view of life.
A.did the gentleman mention
B.the gentleman mentioned
C.mentioned the gentleman
D.does the gentleman mention
21.In the sun _____ a group of young soldiers,gun in hand.
A.did stand
B.had stood
C.standing
D.stood
22. ——You forgot to hand in your homework yesterday.
——Good heavens! _____.Here you are.
A.So I did
B.So did I
C.I did,too
D.So you have
23._____ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise.
A.Out did he rush
B.Rushed he out
C.Out rushed he
D.Out he rushed
24.No sooner _____ finished the composition _____ the light went out.
A.I had;when
B.I had;than
C.had I;when
D.had I;than
25.It was not until _____ to prepare his lessons.
A.d id his father come in that the boy began
B.h is father came in that the boy began
C.d id his father come in did the boy begin
D.h is father came in did the boy begin
26._____,so you are not a friend of mine.
A.I never saw you before
B.Never before I have seen you
C.Never before have I seen you
D.Never had I seen you before
27.——David has made great progress recently.
——_____,and _____. (上海高考)
A.So he has;so you have
B.So he has;so have you
C.So has he;so have you
D.So has he;so you have
28.Never _____ till tomorrow what may be done today.
A.put off
B.do put off
C.did you put off
D.you will put off
29.——Have you written these letters?
——No,_____ time to do any other work yet.
A.hardly I have
B.I have had hardly
C.I have hardly had
D.I hardly have had
30._____ get such a pair of shoes for my son?
A.Where do you think can I
B.Do you think where can I
C.Do you think where I can
D.Where do you think I can
31.Then _____ that the enemy were gone.
A.the news came
B.came the news
C.did the news come
D.did come the news
32.——What a beautiful bridge,_____?
——Yes,_____?
A.isn t it;isn t it
B.is it;is it
C.isn t it;it is
D.is it;it isn t
33.Along the path _____,on which _____ “Keep off the Grass”.
A.stood some signs;were written
B.stood some signs;wrote
C.some signs stood;were written
D.some signs stood;wrote
34.He took a taxi so that he _____ there in time.
A.was able to be
B.got
C.could get
D.should get
35.I d rather Tom _____ tomorrow.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e212395691.html,e
B.would come
C.came
D.will come
36.It is about time you ____ the medicine,sir.
A.will take
B.should take
C.must take
D.are to take
37.If there _____ no electricity in the future,our life _____ change a lot.
A.will be;will
B.is;will
C.should be;would
D.would be;would
38.Without the Communist Party there ____ New China.
A.hadn t been a
B.is not a
C.would be no
D.was not a
39.There _____ a lot of deer in the forest.
A.have
B.are
C.is
D.has
40.From space _____ like a huge water－covered globe(球体).
A.looks the earth
B.does look the earth
C.the earth looks
D.does the earth look
虚拟语气、倒装句型答案
1－5 D B D B C 6－10 C C A A A 11－15 B D A C A
16－20 C A C C A 21－25 D A D D B 26－30 C B A C D
31－35 B A A C C 36－40 B C C B C
虚拟语气练习题2（填空） 1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _______________(enjoy) the book from which it was made. 2.You are late. If you _______________(come) a few minutes earlier, you ______________(meet) him. 3.The two students talked as if they _____________(be) friends for years. 4.It is important that I _____________(be) with Mr. Williams immediately. 5.He looked as if he ______________(be) ill for a long time. 6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not ____________________there for two hours. 7.I wish that I ____________(go) with you last night. 9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _______________(know) everything. 10.______________ the fog, we should have reached our school. 11.If you had told me in advance, I ______________(meet) him at the airport. 12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____________(teach) me how. 13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____________(be) so busy then. 14.He’s working hard for fear that he ________________(fall) behind. 15.If it ______________ (rain) another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. 16.He suggested that they _______________ use a trick instead of fighting. 17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _______________(go) there. 18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _______________(have) time. 20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you __________________(go) to sleep. 21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?—I would have bought one if I ____________(have) enough money. 23._________ he leave today, he would get there by Friday. 24.His doctor suggested that he _______________(take) a short trip abroad. 25.The Bakers arriv ed last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,we _______________(meet) him at the station. 26.If I ________ (be) you, I ___________________ (pay) more attention to English idioms and phrases. 27.We might have failed if you ________________ (give) us a helping hand. 28.The law requires that everyone ______________(have) his car checked at least once a year. 29.It is strange that he ______________(speak) so. 31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ______________(know) all about that. 32.If I _____________(possess) the money, I would have bought a much bigger car. 33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _________________(come) to the meeting. 34.The librarian insists that John _____________(take) no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed. 35.I left very early last night, but I wish I ______________(leave) so early. 36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____________(have) no time. 37.I wish that you ________________(have) such a b ad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. 38.He insisted that we all __________(be) in his office at one o’clock. 39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if she ___________(go). 40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _______________(go) an hour before the discussion begins. 倒装句练习 1.Not until I began to work ________ I ___________(realize) how much time I had wasted. 2.Only by practising a few hours every day _______ you be able to master the language. 3.If you don't go，neither ____. 4.No sooner ______ I ______ (go) to the station ________ the train left. 5. —— Your father is very strict with you. So ________. He never lets off a single mistake of ours. 6. ______ he __________(leave) today，he would get there by Sunday.
2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧 专题（八）强调倒装虚拟句型+丰富文章细节的手段 特殊句型是英语书面表达中的高级句式，其中强调句和倒装句是较为常见的特殊句型。而虚拟语气也是高中较难掌握的句型之一。它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。 一．重点突出的强调句型 （一）强调句的基本句式结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。它可以强调除谓语动词外的其它任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。在续写和概写中灵活运用强调句不仅能突出重点、增强表达，更能彰显考生的英语运用能力。 It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. (2019年浙江高考书面表达) 在写作中运用强调句型可以采取以下步骤： 1.在一个写好的句子中找出需要强调的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等； 2.根据句子的时态确定is或was； 3.然后把要强调的成分套进句式里，It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。 例：We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness. 如果我们要强调状语，即with sincerity and faithfulness，在确定好时态was后，把需要强调的部分放在it was后，that后放除强调外的剩余成分便得到： It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere. （二）强调句常用句式 1. It is/was + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 It is on the playground this Friday afternoon that a volleyball game will be held. (2019全国一卷书面 表达) It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided. (2017年浙江高考书面表达) 2. Is/was it + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 Was it in the park that the children saw the strange green objects? 3.特殊疑问词+ is/was it + 被强调的部分+ 句子其它成分 When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher? 4.It is/was not until that + 句子其它成分
英语倒装句提高训练 一、倒装句 1．–David has made great progress recently. – ______, and ______. A. So he has; so you have B. So has he; so you have C. So he has; so have you D. So has he; so have you 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意为：---戴维最近取得了很大进步。---确实如此。你也一样。“so+be 动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语” 表示前面所叙述的事实也适合于另一个人，“也”之意。“so+主语+be动词（助动词、情态动词）”表示肯定前面所叙述的是事实，“确实如此”之意。结合语境可知应选C。 【点评】考查固定句型的用法。 2．—I didn't go to the cinema yesterday. What about you? —____________, because I was preparing for the project all the time. A. Nor do I B. Neither did I C. Neither am I D. Nor was I 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：—我昨天没有去电影院，你的？—我也没去，因为我一直在准备 这个项目。根据句意及题干分析此题是过去也没去，所以选B。 3．—We are not allowed to bring any snacks or drinks at the school meeting. — . A. Neither are we B. Neither do we C. So are we D. So do we 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：—我们在学校会议上不被允许带任何零食和饮料。—我们也是。 根据We are not allowed可知此处表示否定，并且助动词用are，故表示我们也不被允许， 用Neither are we。故选A。 【点评】表示与前面肯定句的情况一样，用句型So+助动词+主语。表示与前面否定句的情 况一样，用句型Neither +助动词+主语。助动词与前一句的助动词一致。 4．—Listen！ . —Oh，let's go to the classroom.
倒装句练习 1. So fast_______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. A. light travel B. does light travel C. travels light D. has light travelled 2.That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and______________. A. so are her supervisors B. either are her supervisors C. neither are her supervisors D. so her supervisors are 3.______ the door than somebody started knocking on it. A. I had closed no sooner B. I had no sooner closed C. No sooner have I closed D. No sooner I closed 4.Is this beautiful? Yes, it is. ________. A. Rarely before have I seen this B. Rarely I have seen this before
C. Rarely have I seen before this D. Rarely have I seen this before 5._____but he also proved himself a good athlete. A. He showed himself not only a good student B. Not only did he show himself a good student C. He showed not only himself a good student D. Not only he showed himself a good student 6.Nowhere else along the coast____ such shallow water so far from land. A. is there B. there is C. it is D. is 7._____did we try to persuade her to give up her plan. A. In failure B. With no result C. In vain D. With no end 8.______I couldn’t lift the box. A. As I might try
当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。首先看以下例句：（1） You like calssical music, don't you? 你也喜欢古典音乐，对吗？(2 He lived in Vienna, too,didn't he? 他也住在维也纳，对吗？（3）Your parents can swim, can't they? 你父母会游泳，是吗？（4） Tony doesn't like classical music,does he? 托尼不喜欢古典音乐，对吗？（5） This music isn't very popular, is it? 这音乐并非十分流行，对吗？从以上句子可以看出，反意疑问句是由“助动词/ 系动词be（肯定或否定）+主语（代词）” 构成的。在反意疑问句的构成中要注意以下几点： 1.前面当陈述句如果是肯定的，反意疑问句就要用否定形式，如（1）、（2）、（3）；前面的陈述句如果是否定的，反意疑问句就要用肯定形式，如（4）、（5）； 2.反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词； 3.翻译疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句谓语动词保持一致。陈述句部分如果有标识否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如：They have never visited his home, have they? 他们从来没有到他家玩过，是吧？在回答反意疑问句时，要特别注意英、汉两种语言习惯的差别。试看下面当例句：——Mr Smith isn't American, is he? 史密斯先生不是美国人，对吧？——Oh yes, he is.不对，他是美国人。可以看出，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO. 编辑本段英语18种特殊的反意疑问句介绍 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：1Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如： Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？ 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？ 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形
倒装句训练题 一、倒装句 1．—Will you please go to Mr Zhang's birthday party tomorrow? —_________ if you do. A. So do I B. So will I C. So I do D. So I will 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：—你明天要去参加张先生的生日晚会吗？—如果你去，我就去。本题考查if引导的条件状语从句，根据主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，so+助动词+主语表示主语也是。所以选B。 2．— My mother hardly watches any sports shows. —_________ A. So do mine. B. So does mine. C. Neither do mine. D. Neither does mine. 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：—我妈妈几乎不看任何体育节目。—我的妈妈也不看。当A做的事，B和A做了相同事时，B说“So+助动词/情态动词…+B”；当A没做某事，B也没做，B 可说“Neither/nor+助动词/情态动词…+B”。mine指的是my mother，根据主谓一致原则，可知使用助动词does，结合句意和语境可知选D。 【点评】此题考查倒装结构和情景交际。 3．—Many students won 't take part in the after-school activities today. — .We have so much homework to do! A. So will I B. So do I C. Neither will I D. Neither do I 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：—今天许多学生不愿意参见课外活动。—我也不愿意。我们有那么多作业要做。So+助动词+主语，表示与前面的肯定形式一致，表示也。Neither+助动词+主语，表示与前面的否定形式一致，表示也不。这两种部分倒装结构中的助动词与前一句的助动词一致，根据Many students won 't take part in the after-school activities today.可知此处won't表示否定形式，故用Neither+will+主语，故选C。 【点评】此题考查倒装句。注意助动词与前一句的助动词一致。 4．— Can you come to my birthday party, Lily?— If Jack does, ____________. A. so do I B. so I do C. so will I 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：-Lily，你能来参加我的生日晚会吗？-如果Jack去，我就会去。so do I我也是；so I do.我的确如此；so will I.我也将会。句中if引导的是条件状语从句，从句中用一般现在时态，主句用一般将来时态，倒装结构表示上面说的情况也适用于另外一
二、虚拟语气的判断： 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种： (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如： If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。 (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。 (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如： I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。 (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest 等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如： I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。 注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：
Subjunctive mood (1) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission. (Line 5) (2) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (Line12) If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and freedom. (Line 23) (3) If the caged lion, for example, were free to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups. (Line 15) 此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。 （1）第1句中“should a fight follow”是表示将来情况的虚拟语气，意思为“if a fight should follow”，句中省略了“if”，将“should”提前，构成倒装，表示“万一，一旦”的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。 (2) 第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。这类句子，从句用“had +动词过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might + have + 动词过去分词”。 (3) 第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用“did/were”，主句用“would/should/could/ might + 动词原型”。 虚拟语气专项复习： A．虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。 If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。 If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例：If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 ①if+主语+did/should/were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ② if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例：If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作不是同时发生时， ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了
语法 一、虚拟语气 Ⅰ.suggest；require； order； recommand； insist sb.suggest that …（should）do His suggestion is that… What do you think of his suggestion that 注：suggest,insist表明、暗示 He insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake. Ⅱ.wish 1)对现在的虚拟，用一般现在时 How I wish I were you ! 2)对过去虚拟，用过去完成时 How I wish I had followed your advice. 3)对将来虚拟 could+v.原形 How I wish /If only I could fly in the sky Ⅲ.It is (high)time that…should (should 不可省) It is necessary that… I would rather that… Ⅳ.隐含虚拟 But ;but for ;without ;otherwise without后一般+n. Eg:I could have come to school on time,(but I got up late).=I got up late otherwise. Ⅴ.虚拟条件句 If it didn’t rain tomorrow If it shouldn’t(只能用should) rain tomorrow. If it weren’t to rain tomorrow Were it not to rain tomorrow…/Should it not to… Were I you,… 从句都往过去推一个时态 Ⅵ.时间错纵 If she hadn’t stayed up all night studying,She would feel energetic now .
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法 先看一道高考题： ____ more attention，the trees could have grown better． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given （答案是A） 句中"．．．the trees could have grown better"是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式"If they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better．"来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为"含蓄条件句"。 含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下： 一、介词短语 常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with，without，in，under，but for等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 （1）without，with without表示否定的条件，意为if．．．not；with与without意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如：Without air，there would be no living things．（without air ＝if there were no air）没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help（＝If I had her help），I would do the experiment well．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 （2）under Under the leadership of a less experienced person，the experiment would have failed．（u nder．．．＝If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person）假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 （3）in I would have lost my head in that position．（in that position ＝if I had been in that po sition）我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 （4）but for
最新英语倒装句专题训练答案 一、倒装句 1．— I'm not going swimming this afternoon. — ______. I have to help my mother do some cleaning. A. So am I B. So I am C. Neither am I D. Neither I am 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——今天下午我不打算去游泳。——我也不打算去，我不得不帮助妈妈做清整。so + 主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语：某某确实如此，与上文是同一人。so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语：某某也如此，与上文不是同一人。上文是否定句，下文表示某某也不，用 neither +助动词+主语。这些句式在时态，人称上与前一个句子相同。根据上句是否定句，故选C。 【点评】考查倒装的用法。 2．—Oh， my god！ Recently I have put on 5 pounds. — . I think I should lose weight. A. So do I B. So have I C. Neither do I D. Neither have I 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：—啊，我的天呀！最近我长胖了五磅。—我也是，我认为我应该减减肥了。so +主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词：某某确实如此，主语与上文是同一人。So+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语：某某也如此，主语与上文不是同一人，表示后者适合前者。上文是否定句，下文表示某某也不，用 neither +助动词+主语。这些句式在时态上与前一个句子相同。根据上句是肯定句，现在完成时态，主语与上句不同，故选B。 【点评】考查固定结构，牢记并熟练运用此结构，能举一反三，应对自如。 3．— My mother hardly watches any sports shows. —_________ A. So do mine. B. So does mine. C. Neither do mine. D. Neither does mine. 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：—我妈妈几乎不看任何体育节目。—我的妈妈也不看。当A做的事，B和A做了相同事时，B说“So+助动词/情态动词…+B”；当A没做某事，B也没做，B 可说“Neither/nor+助动词/情态动词…+B”。mine指的是my mother，根据主谓一致原则，可知使用助动词does，结合句意和语境可知选D。 【点评】此题考查倒装结构和情景交际。 4．—I didn't go to Tom's birthday party yesterday. What about you? —________, because I was preparing for the exam all the time. A. Neither was I B. Neither am I C. Neither did I D. Neither do I
虚拟语气用法 虚拟语气用法
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想， 而不表示客观存在的事实， 所说的是一个条件， 不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分 为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或 某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的 主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他 将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你， 我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
从句
If+主语 +did If+ 主语+did 主语 were） （ be 动词 were ）
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+should/would/ 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do
语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。 一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法 常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如： Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！ be happy! 快乐！ have a good time! 玩得愉快！ May you 祝你 succeed! 成功！ make progress! 进步！ 二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法： 1．在非真实性条件句和主句中的用法 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。 条件从句主句 过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have done 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be多用were） would/should/could/might＋动词原形 should do,were to do put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。） If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。 4）i f的省略 如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should 置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。 例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 5)条件句或主句的省略 当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。 例如：——Why didn t you attend the party yesterday? ——I would/should have,but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.） 6)混合时间条件句和主句 条件句和主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。 例如：If the teacher hadn t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had