练习一
The oldest man had just celebrated his hundredth birthday and the reporter of a local(本地的) paper called on him for an interview. Having congratulated the old man, the reporter asked a few questions.
"To what do you own your long life?"
The old man thought for a moment and then holding up his hand and counting the items(条目) on his fingers, began, "I never smoked, drank, or overate and always rise at six in the morning."
"But," the reporter didn't agree, saying, "I had an uncle who acted in that way, yet he only lived to be eighty. How do you explain the cause of that?"
"He didn't keep it up long enough," was the calm reply.
26.When did the reporter call on the old man?
A. shortly after his birthday
B. on his birthday
C. at an interview
D. not long before his birthday
27.The reporter was interested in .
A. how the old man celebrated his hundredth birthday
B. why the old man never smoke
C. how the old man manage to live so long
D. what the old man usually drank or ate for his health
28.After hearing the old man's words, the reporter .
A. wanted to live long, too
B. was not satisfied with his reply
C. explained why his uncle live to be eighty
D. thought it was reasonable
29. In the old man's opinion, the cause of the reporter's uncle's death was
.
A. He had bad habits
B. he smoke too much
C. he did not keep his good habit long enough
D. He drank too much wine
30.When did the old man usually get up in the morning?
A. at seven
B. at eight
C. at six
D. at half past six
练习二
In the past, when people had problems, they went to their families or friends to get advice. Today it is possible to get advice from radio shows, TV programs and telephone hot lines, too. A hot line is a telephone line that offers a direct way of getting in touch with advisers. Most hot lines are completely anonymous-callers do not have to say their names or telephone numbers. Most hot lines are usually free, too. Callers do not have to pay for advice or the phone
calls,even if the calls are long distance. At some hot lines, the advisers are volunteers. Other hot lines pay their advisers for their work. Usually the advisers are full-job people with years of education and experience, but sometimes, the advisers have only
taken a short class before starting to work on the hot line. All the advisers listen to people and help them solve their problems.
31.A hot line is a telephone line .
A. that is hot
B. through which people get advice
C. whose number no one knows
D. through which callers take a short class
32.When people call the hot line advisers, they .
A. often give their names and telephone numbers
B. generally have to pay for the long distance calls
C. usually pay nothing for most of the calls and advice
D. always try to get in touch with the volunteer advisers
33.The advisers working at hot lines .
A. are not all paid
B. are all volunteers
C. all have years of education and experience
D. have all been trained for a short time
34.How do the hot line advisers work?
A. They do what the callers tell them to do
B. They listen to the callers and take their advice
C. They give the callers advice
D. They go to the callers'houses to help them
35.The writer of the article seems to think that .
A. with hot lines people won't get advice from their families or friends
B. hot lines help the callers a lot
C. people had better pay for the advice and phone calls
D. the hot line advisers will solve all of the callers'problems
Useful Words and Phrases
direct
get in touch with
completely
even if
volunteer
education
solve
翻译句子并用划线部分造句
Today it is possible to get advice from radio shows, TV programs and telephone hot lines, too.
翻译：
造句：
A hot line is a telephone line that offers a direct way of getting in touch with advisers.
翻译：
造句：
Callers do not have to pay for advice or the phone calls, even if the calls are long distance.
翻译：
造句：
练习三
“How can I learn English well?” This is a question many students ask. In my opinion, the most effective way is to learn lessons by heart. If you can recite the text and write it out, you’ve learned it fairly well. And if you can tell, in your own words, what the lesson says you’re a very successful learner indeed. Your English will be quite perfect.
This is a difficult task. However, if you try to learn by heart only part of each lesson, you’ll find it not half so hard as you might have thought.
Learning this way, you will make rapid progress. Of course, writing is also necessary. It helps you a lot on our way to success in English.
Equally important is to feel the language. You should be able to laugh at jokes and be shocked at bad news. When using English, try to forget your mother tongue. Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. So, never try to see English through translation.
56.In the writer’s opinion, the most effective way in learning English is ____.
A.to practise speaking, writing and feeling it
B.to forget your own native language
C.to translate everything into his own language
D.to memorize the English words and grammatical rules
57. “Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way.”This sentence means that memorizing your own language can ________.
A.help you to study English well
B.stop you mastering English
C.make English easy to learn
D.help you notice mistakes
58.Equally important is to feel the language. “to feel the language” here means________.
A.to get a knowledge of English by touching
B. to be able to read and write English
C.to translate English into your own by imagining
D.to be able to experience the rich sensation of the language
Useful Words and Sentences
recite
effective
task
learn by heart
make rapid progress
translation
翻译并用划线部分造句
In my opinion, the most effective way is to learn lessons by heart.
翻译：
造句：
练习四
When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.
People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.
People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem. They can see things t hat are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too.
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people’s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts（白内障）. Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of
your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark.
59.We don’t know that our eyes are of great importance until ________.
A. we think about our eyes
B. we cannot see clearly
C. we wear glasses
D. we have to do much reading
60.According to the passage, a ________ is more likely to be nearsighted.
A.tailor
B. doctor
C. guard
D.painter
61.People who are farsighted ________ .
A.cannot do a lot of close work without glasses
B.can only see things that are very close to their eyes
C.have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arm’s length
D.have the same problem as the nearsighted people
62.To see a small thing at night, it is better to look ________ .
A.with wide open eyes
B.with half shut or narrowed eyes
C.straight at it
D.in a slightly different direction
Useful Words and Phrases
distant
opposite
correct
blind
operate
disappear
used to
direction
sensitive
翻译句子并对划线部分造句
People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes.
翻译：
造句：
Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
翻译：
造句：
写作:
六月五日是世界环境保护日，我们周围环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重，现在请你以环境保护为主题写一篇作文，请你说明环境目前存在的问题，并且提出具体措施来保护环境。字数100词。
练习
Trees are useful to man in three important ways: they give him wood and other useful things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop drought and flood.
Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of these points is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees,so he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And also, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even worse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil-make the rain in-and also bind the soil, thus stopping it from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless desert.
63.The most important points of trees to man is ________.
A.they help him to make money
B.they give him cool
C.they give him wood and other things
D.they help him to stop drought and floods
64.In many places forests slowly disappear because ________ .
A.many trees have been cut down by man
B.new trees are not well looked after
C.man has not paid enough attention to planting trees
D.all the above
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fe3016071.html,nd becomes desert after all trees are cut down because ________ .
A. roots of trees break up the soil
B. there are too many rainfalls
C. strong winds bring a lot of sand
D. there are no longer trees to keep the rain and protect the top-soil.
66.Which title best fits the passage?
A.Trees and Man
B.The Function of Tree Wood
C.How do People do with Trees?
D.The Usage of Tree Roots
D
Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.
Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a ＄10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees-anywhere at all!
Because of the many changes in computer technology , laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-education officials are studying? how laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too.
At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, “ Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”
67.The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to ________.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fe3016071.html,e for their schoolwork
B.access the Internet
C.work at home
D.connect them to libraries
68.Why is the word “speak” in the second paragraph in quotation marks(引号)?
A.They don’t really talk.
B.They use the computer language.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fe3016071.html,ptops have speakers.
D.None of the above reasons is correct.
69.Which of the following is true about Westlake College?
A. All teachers use computers.
B.1500 students have laptops.
C.It is an old college in America.
D.Students there can do everything.
70.?A window on the world? in the last paragraph means that students can
________.
A.attend lectures on information technology
B.travel around the world
C.get information from around the world
D.have free laptops
71.What can we infer from the passage?
A.The program is successful.
B.The program is not workable.
C.The program is too expensive.
D.We don’t know the result yet.
E
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things: they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find
out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine(常规) work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the r ight answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know.
72.According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by _.
A.listening to skilled people’s advice
B.asking older people many questions
C.making mistakes and having them corrected
D.doing what other people do
73.Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do?
A.Give children correct answers.
B.Allow children to make mistakes.
C.Point out children’s mistakes to them.
D.Let children mark their own work.
74.According to the writer, teachers in school should ________.
A.allow children to learn from each other
B.point out children’s mistakes whenever found
C.give children more book knowledge
D.correct children’s mistakes as soon as possible
75.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are ________.
A.different from learning other skills
B.the same as learning skills
C.more important than other skills
D.not really important skills
56~60 ABDBA 61~65 DDDDD 66~70 AAACC 71~75 DDCAB
Overhead bridges can be seen in many parts of Singapore, in the place where traf fic is very heavy and crossing the road is 1 .These bridges can make people 2 roads safely. Overhead bridges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossings.The y are more efficient, 3 less convenient because people have to climb up a lot of steps . This is inconvenient to the old. When people 4 an overhead bridge, they do not hol d up traffic. But when they cross a 5 road using a zebra crossing, traffic is held up. This is 6 the government has 7 many overhead bridges to help people and 8 tra ffic moving at the same time.
The government of Singapore has 9 a lot of money building these bridges. For their own safety, people should be given hope to use them 10 rushing across the road. Ol d people may find it a little 11 climbing up and down the steps, but it is still much s afer than walking across the road 12 all the moving traffic.
Overhead bridges are very useful. People, 13 old and young, should 14 use them.
This will stop accidents 15 happening.
1. A. noisy B. not safe C. crowded D. not busy
2. A. cross B. crossing C. across D. through
3. A. though B. or C. if D. till
4. A. pass B. use C. visit D. build
5. A. wide B. narrow C. busy D. free
6. A. what B. why C. when D. where
7. A. made B. let C. built D. asked
8. A. see B. keep C. find D. feel
9. A. used B. made C. spent D. borrowed
10. A. full of B. fond of C. in spite of D. instead of
11. A. difficult B. different C. worried D. exited
12. A. past B. along C. about D. with
13. A. both B. either C. neither D. not
14. A. almost B. always C. nearly D. hardly
15. A. in B. at C. with D. from
假设你叫李华，你的英国笔友Linda为了来中国留学而报名参加了汉语培训班学习汉语，她最近来信向你询问学习汉语的建议。请你根据学习英语的经验给Linda一些建议。字数100。
五年级阅读与写作教学计划 一、教学指导思想： 以阅读教学为主阵地，在阅读教学中，合理挖掘课文中的习作、口语交际教学因素，在阅读感知、理解、感悟的基础上，进行习作、口语训练，加强阅读教学、作文教学、口语交际教学的联系，使它们融为一体，把听、说、读、写训练整体化、系统化，全面提高学生语文素养。 二、教学的特点 1、有效性 按照一定的价值标准，科学地确定学习目标，并据此合理地选择、组合学习材料，设计出符合学生认识特点和发展需要的学习路径与形式，组织学生进入主动、有效的学习情景的过程。通过课堂教学，学生都应有实实在在的提高。教学有实效，首先应有明确目的，其次要有指导过程，根据对学生学习困难的预设进行指导。 2、统一性 语文的基本性质是工具性与人文性的统一。“工具性是人文性的基础，是人文性的载体，人文性蕴涵于工具性之中，没有工具性就没有人文性。”“阅读、习作、口语交际”要体现工具性与人文性的统一。 3、整体性 阅读课中进行有效的写话，口语交际训练，不是游离课文之外去另起炉灶。阅读课中的写、说应与读、思紧密结合。理解、感悟是写话、口语交际的基础，在正确理解课文内容，充分感悟的基础上进行写话，口语交际，是有感而发的写与说，是有话可写，有话可说。写话、口语交际是理解、感悟的方法、过程，也是阅读的提升。 三、教学的形式 1.阅读与习作相结合 (1)仿写。 我们常常说，不是教课文，而是用课文教。课文是学生学习语文的范例。课文中，有些词语、句子、段落、篇章很有特点。对于这些句子或语段，引导学生体会内容，体会作者是如何谴词造句的，并积累这些语言形式，作为例子，进
行模仿描写，迁移运用，形成语言能力。 (2)补写。引领学生多元解读、深层感悟文本，有意识地引导学生发现文本的空白处，给学生一扇探索文章的内心世界的“窗口”。文章的空白处很多，这种寻觅空白，增补练笔式训练，需教师独具慧眼，深入浅出，恰到好处地挖掘课文的未定点。这种练习应或有利于加深对课文内容的理解，或有利于拓展学生的心灵空间，或有利于彰显学生个性的亮点。 2.阅读与口语交际相结合 合理挖掘课文中口语交际因素，寻找阅读与口语交际的最佳结合点，根据文章内容，引导学生从口语交际的情境出发来认识理解文章的内容、人物形象和意境，在阅读中品位口语交际的知识技巧，向学生提供口语交际的规范;根据文章内容，抓矛盾进行辩论，积累优美词句当导游，获得启迪进行劝说，改编课文表演课本剧等。 (1)辩论 在阅读教学中，根据文本的特点，创设问题情境，抓矛盾引导学生思考、发现、表述。在研读课文的基础上，组织辩论，在辩论中加深对课文的理解、感悟，训练思维，提高表达应对能力。 (2)解说，介绍 课文是学生学习语言，积累语言的范例。学生在阅读时，体会字里行间的意蕴，感受文章谴词造句的方法，接受规范语言的熏陶。教学语言优美生动有特点的文章时，可创设情境，让学生学做导游，学习解说、介绍。在这一过程中，学生对课文内容进行拓展延伸，化消极语言为积极语言。 (3)课本剧 有些写人记事的课文，情节发展生动，人物刻画形象，这类课文可以采取表演课本剧的形式进行教学。教师将表演作为驱动任务告知学生，引导学生积极主动地探究文本。随着表演的不断深入，在教师的引领、点拨下，学生抓重点词，关键句不断思考、讨论，对语言文字的理解感悟也不断深入。 3.阅读与习作、口语交际相结合 这种是前两类形式的进一步整合。这种课型中的口语交际形式以单向口语表达为主，如讲故事、介绍等。遵循从读到写，从写到读的一般步骤。
中考英语阅读理解训练(讲义及答案)及解析 一、中考英语阅读理解训练 1．阅读理解 SAFETY RULES ON THE MTR TRAINS At the station: ?Be patient. Line up on the platform（站台） and wait for the train. ?Be polite. Let passengers get off first. ?Do not rush onto the train. It is dangerous. ?When you hear a "beep" sound, do not get on the train. The door is closing. Wait for another train. On the train: ?Do not eat or drink on the train. It makes the train dirty. ?Do not run on the train. ?Give your seat to old men or women, the disabled or women carrying babies. A. be a careful driver B. buy MTR tickets C. be a good passenger D. keep safe at home （2）People who will get on the train should __________. A. wait in line B. open the door C. ask for help D. leave the seats （3）When you hear a "beep" sound, ____________. A. close the door B. rush onto the train C. get off the train at once D. stop and wait for the next train （4）The text is probably a __________. A. report B. notice C. diary D. poem 【答案】（1）C （2）A （3）D （4）B 【解析】【分析】文章介绍了地铁站的一些应遵守的规则。 （1）细节理解题。根据SAFETY RULES ON THE MTR TRAINS可知，本文主要告诉读者如何成为一名乘客，故答案是C。 （2）细节理解题。根据Be patient. Line up on the platform（站台）and wait for the train.可知，上火车应该排队等候，故答案是A。 （3）细节理解题。根据When you hear a "beep" sound, do not get on the train.The door is closing. Wait for another train.可知，当你听到了警示声音，不能上车，要等下一
小学语文知识(写作方法)集锦 01、怎样写文章开头? 文章的开头，就是文章怎样“提笔”。开头应该新颖别致，引人人胜。常见的方法有： (1)总冒式：文章一下笔就开宗明义，点出全文的中心思想，使读者对全文的中心思想有一个概括了解，然后，全文围绕这一中心进行记叙。 [例段]我家对门住着一位远近闻名的下棋能手——胡爷爷。《下棋能手》 (2)开门见山式：文章一下笔就先交待事情发生的时间、地点、原因、人物，然后再叙述主要内容。特点是下笔扣题，点出题目，揭示文章主题，直截了当，既可清楚地展开记叙，又可节省篇幅，全文顺势而下，但开头要注意语言简洁、凝练。 [例段]今天早晨，我们想去看日出，可太阳总是不肯出来，我们就只好看云。《太阳和云》 (3)介绍式：这种开头的方式是对所叙述的人物、事件、环境等，先作一些概括的、简单的介绍，使读者获得总的印象，然后引入正文，再作具体的介绍。 [例段]电子计算机是尖端科学、高新技术、渊博知识的象征。而微机是计算机大家庭中的一员。从前，我对它是非常陌生的，而在今年暑假，我却和它交上了朋友。《同微机交朋友》 (4)提问式：文章开头提出问题，造成悬念，引起读者的急切关注或兴趣，促使读者读下去，而问题的答案就是正文要叙述的内容。 [例段]我的家乡，在中国地图上是个连手指甲大的位置也没占到的地方，近年来却发生了翻天覆地的变化，不相信吗?你听——《你听——我讲新鲜事》 (5)描写式：这种格式的开头，从写景状物下笔，抓住景物的特征，起到渲染环境气氛，烘托文章中心的作用，引出即将出现的人物。 [例段]记得小时候暑假里的一天，太阳象火球一样炙烤着大地，一丝风也没有，我坐在家里虽然拿着扇子猛扇，可黄豆般的汗珠子还是直往外冒。《我难忘的一件事》 (6)倒叙式：倒叙式开头，与“开门见山式”开头恰恰相反，先写出事情的结果，再回过头来写事情的起因和经过。其目的是造成悬念，引人人胜。 [例段]虽然刘老师已经离别我们三年了，但崇拜、眷恋之情还时常在我的心头滋生，多么难忘呀!那堂堂的仪表，爽朗的笑声，习惯性的用小拇指搔头……《桃李情》 02、怎样写文章结尾? 文章的结尾，就是到此收笔，结束全文。好的结尾，有深化主题、突出中心或增强文章感染力的作用。文章的结尾与文章的开头一样，方式很多。常见的方法有： (1)首尾照应式：即结尾照应开头，前有伏笔，后有照应，首尾圆和。不仅使文章结构完整，而且给读者留下余味。这种结尾的特点是在开头段中，对以后将要出现的人物、事件作必要的暗示。而在结尾时，对首段留下的伏笔作必要的回应。 [例段](开头)每当我看到写字台上那笑容可掬的“不倒翁”时，那举家欢笑的情景便浮现在眼前…… (结尾)是啊!小小的“不倒翁”给我家带来了欢笑，但更多的是给人们以启迪……《家中的欢笑声》 (2)总结点题式：在写人叙事文章中，尤其是层次多、内容多的文章里，结尾往往要对人或事做出评价，即点明全文的中心。它的作用是起到归纳、总结全文、点明事件的意义。 [例段]这次爬竿，使我深深地懂得，只要有决心、毅力，就能战胜困难，取得胜利。《爬竿》 (3)画龙点睛式：这种结尾方法是在主要内容写完后，为了加深读者的印象，常常采用含义深刻的话来结尾。既点明题意，突出中心思想，又使读者深受启发，得到教育。
《提高学生的阅读与写作能力的研究》的课题研究 兴宁市永和中心小学英语课题组一、课题的提出 (一) 研究的背景 社会生活的信息化和经济的全球化使英语的重要性日夜突出。特别是加入世贸组织以后，我国与世界各国之间的交往日趋频繁，各层次的联系更为广泛，因此作为国际交流通用语言的英语学习就显得尤为重要和迫切。同时，英语在世界范围的通用性也决定其具有承载和传输信息的重要作用，而一个人英语阅读能力、写作能力的高低，往往决定了他吸收有用信息的数量和质量。 （二）小学英语阅读教学中“读”和“写”的重要性 《英语课程标准》中指出：英语课程的核心目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。对大多数英语学习者来说，在听、说、读、写四种语言技能中，阅读是吸收英语语言材料、增加语言知识、扩大词汇量的最重要的手段，大多数的语言输入是靠读获得的，而最终语言输出是靠写作实现的。语言学家的研究同时也证明：儿童语言能力的发展是综合的整体的发展，听说读写各项能力是相互制约、相互促进的。每一项能力的发展滞后，都会影响到其他能力的进一步发展。阅读只是一种语言输入，最终应该形成语言输出，阅读才有意义。否则，阅读就成了图书收藏了。而“写”则是语言输出的主要形式。因此，在阅读教学中，在对学生阅读能力的培养的同时，教师应合理设计教学活动，采用各种手段引导学生“以读促写”。 （三）目前小学英语教学中存在的问题 由于一些教师一味的重视学生听说能力的培养而忽视他们读写能力的培养，已经造成学生书面理解能力、英语书写能力以及语言表达能力低下的现象。如：不会认读单词，写不出完整的句子，看不懂文章等，最终影响语言的输入与输出，不能真正达到综合运用语言的目的，有的甚至走向另一个极端――“文盲英语”。 由于教学的偏差，小学阶段学生接触和使用英语时空受到一定的限制。而目前小学英语读写教学方面亦存在不足，从写来看，一是缺乏写作素材；二是没有合适的写作方法；三是运用英语写作的意识微弱。从读来看，一是学生阅读习惯不好，学生平时阅读量太少；二是英语的词汇量积累不够；三是小学阅读材料的篇幅短，体裁也较单一。 （四）我校教研的积累和需要 学习语言离不开写作。写作不仅能巩固所学的语言知识，也是一种重要的交际手段。写作一直是英语教学中最薄弱的环节，写作教学在外语整体教学中严重滞后。英语写作能力并非是一蹴而就的，小学阶段虽是学习英语的起始阶段，但同时也正是训练学生写作的最佳时期。如何提高小学生的写作水平是许多教师面临的难题。 长久以来，在小学英语教学中，“听”、“说”始终占有主导地位，“读”、“写”成了教师和学生共同的难题。因此，小学英语教学越来越重视读、写的教学。但是，在小学中高年级英语课上如何展开有效的阅读与写作教学呢？因此，我校决定开展本课题的研究，在结合以往教研经验的基础上，通过多种形式的学习、实践和总结，激发学生学习的阅读和写作的兴趣，以期更好地、更有目的地进行教学，从而提高英语教学质量。 二、课题的界定 （一）“读”的界定
第十二讲名著阅读 阅读指导 名著是具有较高的艺术价值和知名度，包含着永恒的主题和经典的人物形象，能够经久不衰，被人们广泛认识以及流传的文学作品。阅读名著可以培养人的语言文字感受力,提高人的文学素养，陶治人的情操，丰富人的精神世界。那么我们在阅读名著时要注意些什么呢? 一、注意广度 不能只读自己感兴趣的一类书，要开阔视野,广泛地汲取各类名著中的营养。 二、注意深度 阅读名著,不能仅仅停留在书中有趣的内容和热闹的场面上，要多积累富有表现力的语言和丰富的知识，感悟细腻的情感，学习宝贵的经验，在不断积累和感悟中逐步过渡到更深层次的阅读。 三、注意方法 1.精读、略读相结合。名著精读指重点欣赏作品中的精彩情节或主要人物等,集中精力逐字逐句、由浅人深进行阅读。精读时，可采用品读、背诵、摘录、写体会等方法反复亲近名著，了解作者、人物形象、故事情节、表达方式等。略读指快速阅读名著作品，了解其内容大意、主要情节、主要人物形象等。略读可通过看目录、读故事梗概、抓章节大意或段意、找各章节主题句等方法来了解名著的大意，力求在较短时间内获取有用的信息。 2.摘录、批注相结合。在阅读过程中可摘抄自己喜爱的人物形象的相关描写以及精彩情节，也可用画记号、作注释、写评语等方式标注重要内容和自己感兴趣的内容。只有在阅读中做到“手脑并用”，阅读才会更有实效、更有收获。 3.课内、课外相结合。古今中外的名著不计其数，我们不可能把所有优秀的作品都读完，所以我们要选择富有情趣且蕴含哲理的名著进行阅读。这样，不仅可以读到更多名著，也可以了解到更多有趣的人物和故事。与课内教学密切相关的名著，有内容选人教村的原著.课文作者的其他著作或课文中人物的传记等，更是我们应该重点去读的作品。 四、注意总结 阅读完一部名著，要及时进行自我检查，及时进行总结，也可以通过与别人进行交流分享的方式达到总结的目的，如谈谈自己最喜欢的文学人物，讲讲自己最喜爱的文学故事等。 答题点拨 一、理解关键词句的含意和作用 在阅读名著时，往往会遇到-一些难以理解的词句。这时我们可以结合它们所在的句子或文段来理解它们的含意。尤其是当作者并不使用一些词语的本义，而是要借这些词语来表达一些特殊的意思或想法时，更要将这些词语放入到句子或文段中，联系上下文来理解这些词语的意思,从而明白作者真正要表达的是什么，了解其在句子及文段中的作用。 二、了解主要内容及情节发展 在理解了名著中的关键词句后,接下来应从整体上把握名著的主要内容，了解情节的发展,理
高中英语阅读与写作整合教学设计 一，教学设计 设计意图：运用“讨论式”的英语教学模式和采用“任务型”英语教学途径，培养同学们的听说读写能力，突出阅读和写作技能训练、学习策略的培养、阅读和写作的实践，从而使学生领会语言信息的输入与输出、阅读和写作之间的内在联系，并引导学生独立思考并以讨论、合作学习的方式练习英语写作。 主题内容：Born Dying Unit 7 SBII 相关领域：信息技术，医学 课时安排：2课时 任务布置： 1、网上查寻有关的信息并做汇报； 2、课堂阅读两篇文章 3、写一篇英语演讲稿“Cherish Your Life & Prevent AIDS” 实施过程： 第一课时：信息输入——阅读课 教学目标： 1、检阅学生课外查阅有关的信息资料和学生对知识的了解情况； 2、培养学生的阅读策略和提高阅读能力； 3、学会“善待他人，关爱自己，珍惜生命”。 教学形式：讨论交流合作 教学过程（Teaching Procedures） Step 1、Pre-reading 课前教师给学生布置如下任务：1.What is AIDS ? What is HIV? 2. How do people get AIDS? 3. What happens to people who have AIDS? 4. How does Xiaohua feel about having AIDS? 5. How do her friends and family feel about her disease? 6. Something about the World AIDS DAY. 要求学生带着这些任务预习课文。学生要回答以上问题，除阅读课文外，还必须查找相关材料，做好记录。此环节学生可采用分工合作的学习方式。此时教师可以给学生一些必要的帮助，如：提供网站名,提供一些阅读材料。由于学生是在任务目标驱使下预习，预习就很有成效，而不是走过场。为课堂讨论奠定了基础，同时也提高了课堂教学的效率，发挥了学生的主体作用，培养了学生查找信息的能力和较强的自学能力。 Step 2: Lead-in Collect the information Ss have found and at the same time ask the Ss to exchange the information about HIV/AIDS. And ask Ss to discuss the following questions. 1. Answer the following questions What is AIDS? How is it infected? Who gets it easily? What attitude do people have now ? 2.What can you do on World AIDS Day? 3. Do you think it is safe to be friends with people who are living with HIV/AIDS? Give your views.
八年级语文阅读与写作常用知识点总结 第一部分 二种语言类型：口语、书面语。二种论证方式：立论、驳论。二种说明语言：平实、生动。 二种说明文类型：事理说明文、事物说明文。 二种环境描写：自然环境描写--烘托人物心情，渲染气氛。社会环境描写--交代时代背景。 二种论据形式：事实论据、道理论据。 第二部分 三种感情色彩：褒义、贬义、中性。 小说三要素：人物(根据能否表现小说主题思想确定主要人物)情节(开端/发展/高潮/结局) 环境(自然环境/ 社会环境。) 议论文三要素：论点、论据、论证。 议论文结构三部分：提出问题(引论)、分析问题(本论)、解决问题(结论)。 三种说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。 语言运用三原则：简明、连贯、得体。 第三部分 四种文学体裁：小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文。 四种论证方法：举例论证、道理论证、比喻论证、对比论证。 句子的四种用途：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。 小说情节四部分：开端、发展、高潮、结局。 记叙的四种顺序：顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙。 引号的四种用法：①表引用②表讽刺或否定③表特定称谓④表强调或着重指出
第四部分 五种表达方式：记叙、描写、说明、抒情、议论。 破折号的五种用法：①表注释②表插说③表声音中断、延续④表话题转换⑤表意思递进 第五部分 六种说明方法：举例子、打比方、作比较、列数字、分类别、下定义。 六种逻辑顺序：①总←→分②现象←→本质③原因←→结果④慨括←→具体⑤部分←→整体⑥主要←→次要 记叙文六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。 六种人物的描写方法：肖像描写、语言描写、行动描写、心理描写、细节描写、神态描写。 六种病句类型：①成分残缺②搭配不当③关联词语使用不恰当④前后矛盾⑤语序不当⑥误用滥用虚词(介词) 省略号的六种用法：①表内容省略②表语言断续③表因抢白话未说完④表心情矛盾⑤表思维跳跃⑥表思索正在进行 六种常用写作手法：象征、对比、衬托(铺垫)、照应(呼应)、直接(间接)描写、扬抑。 第六部分 七种短语类型：并列短语、偏正短语、主谓短语、动宾短语、后补短语、的字短语、介宾短语。 七种复句类型：①并列复句②转折复句③条件复句④递进复句⑤选择复句⑥因果复句⑦假设复句 第七部分 八种常用修辞方法： ①比喻--使语言形象生动，增加语言色彩。②拟人--把事物当人写，使语言形象生动。 ③夸张--为突出某一事物或强调某一感受。④排比--增强语言气势，加强表达效果。
阅读与写作教学计划 指导思想：以落实新课程的要求，提高语文教学质量为目标，以培养学生语文素养和传授语文知识为重点。总结过去教学工作中取得的成果，反思存在的不足，扬长补短，在教学中积极倡导自主、合作、探究的学习方式。结合新的中考思想，以提高课堂教学效率为重点，加强教学研究，不断解决教学中的新问题，为学生语文素养的全面发展而努力。 总体目标： “阅读教学”的总体目标是“加大阅读量，开拓阅读面，激发阅读情，降低理解度，提高阅读质”。 “写作教学”的总体目标是“在阅读教学的基础上，会写作文，写好作文，各种题材，信手捏来，直指中考”。 具体目标： 1、培养学生良好的阅读意识和能力。在阅读时间、形式、速度、方法、内容诸方面都能有较大的突破； 2、培养学生良好的阅读习惯。在阅读中不仅要“读进去”，还要“吐出来”，更要“说开去”。采用多种方式引导学生获得多种信息，获得独特体验，在交流中张扬学生的阅读潜能、语言表达力。 3、培养学生的智力水平。在语言得到丰富积累的同时，培养语感，发展思维，提高思维水平，提高各学科的学习水平。 4、拓宽学生的知识面，尤其是要注意到拓宽学生对于自然科学知识面，帮助学生形成科学的认识论和世界观。 5、把“阅读教学”作为提高教师教学素质的重要手段。教师借助阅读手段使自己成为学生学习最好伙伴，最佳启迪者和组织者。 6、“作文”和“阅读”相互交融，相得益彰，彼此成为深化优化课改实验的最佳支撑和组合。 阅读教学和作文教学的管理： 1、教导处负主责抓好阅读教学的管理。具体地组织好阅读教学小组成员的学习。图书管理人员向语文教师提供学习资料，定期不定期的开展阅读竞赛活动。 2、语文教研组长要及时传达上级部门对语文教学工作的要求和侧
小学阅读与写作教案（一）课题：句子训练：怎样把句子写通顺 教学目标： （1）知识目标：通过本次课的学习，巩固把句子写完整的相关知识。使学生掌握句子通顺性的要领。充分利用词语的表达 和先后顺序达到句子的通顺。 （2）能力目标：引导学生养成一个爱说话的好习惯，培养学生的说话完整性、通顺性。提高认识、观察、分析事物的综合 能力。 （3）情感目标：写作是一个综合能力的体现，在于平时的点滴积累。通过本次课的学习，使学生在平时的生活学习中养成 良好的交际能力。善于与人交谈。 教学重点：句子通顺性的要求 教学难点：怎么做到句子通顺性 教学课时：2 课时 A、导言: 同学们，大家好！通过上一次课的学习，我们了解了怎样把句子写完整的要领。在学习句子的同时，也掌握了词语的分类和怎样积累以及不同词语的运用。学习了写完整句子以后，就要利用每一个词汇以及词汇的先后顺序来把句子写通顺。怎样把学过的词汇组合成既完
整又通顺的句子呢？今天我们一起来学习写句子，要求把句子写通顺。 B、每课一诗积累赏析： 所见 作者:【袁枚】年代：【清】体裁：【五言绝句】 牧童骑黄牛，歌声振林樾。 意欲捕蝉鸣，忽然闭口立。 诗文分析：诗记录了作者亲眼所见的夏日农村小景。诗人抓住牧童活泼好奇的特点,着意描写了“忽然闭口立”这一精彩的瞬间。 诗篇大意：野外林阴道上，一位小牧童骑在黄牛背上缓缓而来。也不知有什么开心事儿，他一路行一路唱，唱得好脆好响，整个树木全给他惊动了。忽然，歌声停下来，小牧童脊背挺直，嘴巴紧闭，两眼凝望着高高的树梢。“知了，知了，知了……”树上，一只蝉儿也在扯开嗓门，自鸣得意地唱呢。正是它把小牧童吸引住了，他真想将蝉儿捉一手呢！
初中英语阅读理解之长难句分析讲义 语篇学语法——从句 I arrived in London on a foggy day, to go to a very important meeting. The place①where the meeting was going to be hel d was on the other side of the town. All traffic came to a stop②because the drivers were not able to see more than a yard in front of them. The meeting would begin at 9:00, so I decided to go there on foot. Minutes later, I was completely lost. I stood there and though t③that I would have to phone to the meeting to explain④that I was not able to arrive there on time. Then I heard a young man’s voice coming out of the fog, “I suppose⑤you are lost. Can I help you?” I was very glad to have a ma n ⑥who could take me to the meeting. Afterward I told him⑦where I wanted to go, took his arm, and we started. We walked quite fast, turning corners and crossing roads. ⑧As I followed him through the dark streets, I wondered⑨why he found his way so easily. “I know this part of London quite well,” he said. “But in such a fog it’s impossible to see anything,” I said. “I am blind, sir.” he answered, “In the fog, it is exactly the same for me as usual.” 在英语语法中，按照句子结构，英语句子主要可以分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。 1.简单句：最基本的句子类型，一个句子中只含有一个主谓结构。 Eg：My uncle gives me a camera. 2. 并列句：由两个或两个以上独立的主谓结构或简单句并列在一起的，通常用并列连词 来连接两个或两个以上的句子， Eg：Jim went to the party last night, but his wife didn’t.. Study hard and you will make progress. 3. 复合句：由一个主句与一个或一个以上的从句（从句有相应的连词引导）组成的句子。 因此，复合句含有两个或两个以上的主谓结构（完整的句子），句子与句子之间用连接词连接。其中，主句部分可以独立存在，但从句担当了主句某一句子成分，故通常不能独立存在。根据从句在句子中充当的成分，可以将其分为6类，即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
阅读和写作是语文学习的核心目的 一、语文学习的核心目的是阅读和写作 语文学习的目的有两个：一个是“显性目的”——培养“理解能力”（听与读 ,以读为重）和“表达能力”（说与写 ,以写为重）；另一个是“隐性目的”——培养人文素质 ,主要表现为知识文化的积淀和对学生精神世界的影响 ,培养学生健康的人格情感、正确的价值观和高尚的审美情趣等。“显性目的”与“隐性目的”虽然相辅相成 ,互为依托 ,但有主与次、显与隐 ,本质与非本质之别。“显性目的”是语文学习的核心目的——简单地说就是“阅读和写作”。亦即《语文教学大纲》所提出的使学生具有“正确理解和运用祖国的语言文字”的能力。在“阅读和写作”能力的培养过程中 ,“人文素养”也自然会得到相应提高。 在语文学习的两个目的中 ,“显性目的”——理解能力和表达能力的培养 ,才真正体现了语文学科不同于其它学科的本质特征 ,也即所谓的“工具性”。而“人文性”是一个内涵不太确定的概念 ,而且也并非语文课所独有。其它社会学科如政治、历史等 ,也具有人文性。当然语文课的人文性有自己的特点 ,是在学生掌握语文工具的过程中 ,通过读写等具体语文实践活动自然呈现的 ,重在熏陶感染 ,潜移默化。 窃以为 ,语文学习不必过多纠缠什么“性” ,如工具性、人文性等。故弄玄虚 ,将简单问题复杂化 ,明白问题陌生化 ,没多少意义。一般教师也对这“性”、那“性”不甚了然 ,不感“性”趣。严格地说 ,“工具性与人文性的统一”这个说法本身就欠严谨科学：一则“工具性与人文性”的内涵一直没有一个明确的界说；二则“工具性与人文性”本不是同一范畴的概念 ,不能构成对立关系 ,也就不存在所谓“统一”。逻辑上“工具”与“目的”对应 ,“人文”与“科学”对应。把“工具”与“人文”对应 ,颇有点“关公战秦琼”的味道。所谓“名不正 ,则言不顺；言不顺 ,则事不成。”有道是“天道崇简”、“大道至简” ,过于繁难、纠缠不清问题 ,其本身可能就是个“伪命题”。 以前从未听语文教育界“三老”（叶圣陶、吕叔湘、张志公.）谈论语文的性质 ,叶圣陶也仅是说过“语文是工具” ,并未上升到“性质”高度——真理
二三年级阅读与写作资料 第51 (1)条烟花 “嘭，嘭，嘭”，随着一声吼叫，一束束烟花飞上夜空，我迅速抬起头，看见了，啊，多美啊！“红星”在夜空中绽放，夜空闪亮。随着噼里啪啦的声音，无数串小火花在降落伞中飞舞，弥漫在天空，轻飘飘的，悠闲的，就像天空充满了节日的灯光。“轰”是又一声巨响，又一串烟花升起。他们穿梭在彩灯之间，形成一个美丽的图案。 1.有许多观察方法。上面这篇文章最突出的一点是它擅长于。这篇文章里有各种各样的烟花。听(())。正是“红星”在夜空中绽放。“()”，哦，降落伞里的小火花布满了天空。“()”变成了“庆祝胜利”的升腾声。多有趣啊！阅读这篇文章，想象当时的情景，我们会觉得仿佛置身其中。第五十二条石榴 春天来了，石榴花开了。它的花是橙红色的，它的雄蕊是黄色的，它的头上有一些薄薄的花瓣，它还不时地发出香味。 夏天结束时，一些石榴花的胃变得越来越大，很快它们就像鸡蛋一样大。几个星期过去了，石榴花的花瓣渐渐落下，石榴都咧嘴笑了，一排排的红牙如此整齐。 秋天来了，石榴成熟了。脱下来试试。嘿！酸甜可口。冬天，当西北风吹来时，树上的叶子会落下来。1.阅读文章，根据问题提取句子，并将其抄在横线上。作者看到了什么？ 1 2.品尝石榴时，作者有何感受？
3.作者听到了什么？ (1)锻炼要求:请联系你在生活中的观察，将下面的段落扩展到细节中。流畅具体地写句子。 春天来了，河上的冰融化了，地上的草变绿了，树开花了，鸟儿在树枝上不停地叫。春天真的很美！ (二)练习指导: 首先阅读上面的原文，看看写了什么场景。找出扩展点，如河水、草、花和鸟叫声。然后从生活中获取素材，仔细观察这些场景在春天到来时有什么特点。然后从生活中获取素材，仔细观察这些场景在春天到来时的特征和面貌。例如，用你的耳朵听到河水流动的声音。看到草的颜色；用鼻子等闻花香。最后，我写下我在文章中看到的、听到的、闻到的和感觉到的，以丰富内容，突出风景的特色。 (3)第53条练习示例: 期待，期待，东风即将来临，春天的脚步即将来临。 一切看起来像是它刚刚醒来，开心地睁开了眼睛。山是潮湿的，水是上升的，太阳是脸红的。 草悄悄地从土壤里钻了出来，又嫩又绿。在花园里，在田野里，看，一大片，一大片是满的。坐着，躺着，打两卷，踢几个球，跑几次，抓几个球迷。风很轻，很安静，草也很柔软。 桃树，杏树，梨树，你不让我，我也不让你，都长满了花。红色像火。2 粉末像霞多丽，白色像雪。这些花很甜。闭上眼睛，树上好像满是桃
三年级阅读与写作班教学计划 一、教学目标 根据中段学生实际，从了解学生的兴趣、能力和需要方向着手，结合学生的学习和生活经验，遵循学生的生理、心理及审美认知规律，正确处理好阅读与作文的关系，制定科学高效的训练方法，可以消除学生的畏难心理，大面积地提高作文能力，使学生把写好作文看作是自己的愿望与需要。 二、教学措施： （一）、在阅读教学中渗透积累语言的指导措施 阅读和写作是个互逆的过程。阅读是理解吸收，写作是理解表达。只有吸收得充分，表达才更加有力。在阅读教学中，要依照大纲的要求，在阅读训练中渗透积累语言的指导。课堂阅读教学是指导学生学会积累语言的“主战场”，教师应该在课堂上多方面指导学生获得丰富的语言，掌握积累的方法，指导多读多背，采用多种形式多读名篇课文，精彩的部分还要多品读，直到能背诵下来，让课文中的语言文字尽可能多地印在学生的脑海里。指导摘录词句，要求学生配备一本摘录本，指导学生把课文的好词好句录到本子里，做到笔记、脑记相结合。 （二）、在阅读教学中渗透练习作文的指导 > 根据所选教材特点，精心选择读写结合点，给学生提供有效借鉴的对象和创造的依据，及时让学生进行模仿和创造性运用练习，从而
使语言运用练习成为有源之水，有本之木，而不是孤立的，效果才是显著的。 1．指导运用新学的词语、句式练习说话、写话，可进行模仿说写，也可进行创造性说写。 2．指导模仿学到的段落结构和篇章结构，练习说、写新的内容。三年级的作文训练是以写片断为重点，要做到怎么说怎么写，能把片断写具体，写清楚。在教学中应该突出段的训练这一重点，扎扎实实进行段的训练，读写结合，训练结合。三年级学生应侧重练好连续、并列、总分和概括与具体四种结构段。 (1)连续结构段是指段中的几层意思是按照先后顺序一层接着一层写的，这也是小学生必须掌握的一种结构段，在写作中经常用到。教师在学生读懂段的情况下，可安排仿写训练，如紧扣学生的学习、生活，以《洗手帕》《大扫除》《升旗》为题写一段话，要求学生先想好这段话要写的内容，接着安排好顺序，明确先写什么，后写什么，哪层要写具体，写好还要检查，每一层次意思前后是否连得上，有毛病的要加以修改。 (2)并列结构段是指一段话将事物分成几个方面来写。使学生懂得同时介绍事物几个方面的时候，可采用并列结构段。可指导学生练习写《校园一角》《美丽的花园》等片断，让学生在具体的写作实践中加深对这种结构段的认识。 (3)总分结构段是指由总述和分述两层构成的段。指导学生仿写时，教师可出示总述部分，让学生围绕总起句，写分述部分。例：①
初中英语阅读理解10篇 1 Ali,who was working a long way from home wanted to send a letter to his wife,but he could neither read nor write, and he had to work all day,so he could only look for somebody to write his letter late atnight .At last he found the house of a letter writer whose name was Nasreddin. Nasreddin was already in bed."It is late,"he said. "What do you want?" "I want you to write a letter to my wife , "said Ali , Nasreddin wasnot pleased. He thought for a few seconds and then said, "Has theletter got to go far?" "What does that matter?" answered Ali."Well, my writing is so strange that only I can read it, and if I have to travel a long way to read your letter to your wife, it will cost you a lot of money." Ali went away quickly. Multiple choice ( ) 1. Ali wanted to____to his wife. A.get something B.have a letter written C.bring a flower D. say good-bye ( ) 2. At last he found the house of_____. A.a writer B.a seller C.an old man D.a letter-writer ( ) 3.When Ali told what he wanted to do Nasreddin was______. A.not pleased B.pleased C.excited D.angry ( ) 4.Nasreddin said that his writing was_____. A.easy for anyone to read B.strange for anyone to read C. too strange for anyone to write D.difficult for anyone to read ( ) 5. This story tells us______. A.not to ask anybody for help B.not to trouble others at night C.not to ask for help without money D.not to trust others 2 An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man,and he quickly spent all the money, so that soon hehad nothing left.Of course ,when that happened, all his friends lefthim.When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles."My money has finished and my friends have gone,"said the young man. "What will happen to me now?""Don't worry , young man,"answered Nasreddin."Everything will soon be all right again.Wait ,and you will soon feel much happier." The young man was very glad."Am I going to get rich again then? " heasked Nasreddin."No, I didn't mean that," said the old man."I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends." Multiple choice ( )1.An old man died and left his son_______. A.nothing B.some gold C. much money D.only a house ( ) 2. When the son was________, he went to see Nasreddin. A.short of money B.quite poor and sick C.in trouble D. quite poor and alone ( ) 3.The young man was very glad because Nasreddin said that________. A.he would become rich again B. he would soon feel much happier C.he would become clever D. he would have more friends
浅谈语文教学中阅读和写作的重要性 及关系 济南章丘圣井李福小学 蒋国成 摘要：阅读与写作是语文课程教学过程中的两个重要环节我们的语文教学就是要让学生认识阅读和写作的关系，以读促写，以写促读，读写并重，方能全而提高学生语文素养。 关键词：阅读写作环节提高 阅读与写作是语文课程教学过程中的两个重要环节,两者的关系可以做这样的理解,我们可以把阅读理解成为写作的源泉,把写作理解为阅读的升华。而这两个环节在教与学的过程中通常很难被把握,其中关键原因在于语文阅读与写作因其人文感悟色彩浓厚,而不同于自然科学课程可以提供客观的唯一答案;加上教学对象处于稚幼年龄阶段的特定性,主体没有完全被激活,使得阅读与写作都成为教学过程中的难题,这样导致作文教学在语文教学中成为薄弱环节,写作文成为学生很痛苦的一件事,长期以来都没有走出"高耗低效"的怪圈。而事实上,教材给我们提供了丰富的读写资源,课后练习也设计了很多以读促写的习题,我们应认真地利用教材的范式文本提供给教学对象的丰富资源。语文教学过程中的一些做法,探讨粹取范式文本、巧得仿写文本。不利于学生的读与写的有机结合。 无论教学方式如何改革变化,读在语文教学中应该是不可或缺的。我借鉴成功的教学模式,结合自己的教学实践,分析、阐述了读在语文教学中的意义及重要性。近些年，课堂教学大量引人多媒体教学，提前制作了精美课件。背景资料、文章结构、段落分析等，逐一在投影屏幕上亮相，课堂气氛轻松而活跃，整堂课下来，鼠标代替粉笔，屏幕演示代替教材，唯独少了学生的读书声。我则认为:不管教学方式如何创新，教师都不应忘记引导学生能力的
培养加强朗读，语言训练是语文教学中的重点,但又是难点。通过课文分析,探究，运用语言方式与语言沟通这一规律。把语言训练放在语文教学这一特定的环境中进行研究,探讨,有利于学生提高运用语言的能力。主要包括以下内容: 1、语言训练的理念,语言训练的目标,语言训练的方法。 2、摹仿,化用,融合,创新。 3、白话文书面词和口语的相互转化,文言文词和普通话的相互转化, 普通话和方言词的相互转化。口语和书面语的要素的相互转化。 4、体会作者的感觉表现力,审视作者的心理倾向,理解作者的感情抒发。 5、感觉的沟通,心理间的沟通,感情的沟通,感觉、心理和感情的相互沟通。 6、语文的工具性和人文性的统一是学生的语言的实践和素养的整合。《语文课程标准》中明确指出:语文是最重要的交际工具,是人类文化的重要组成部分。语言技能的形成必须经过训练。这种训练既要有明确的目的,又要有科学的方法。语言训练不仅是指语文智能的培养,而且浸透了语文情感。在内容和目标上,既包括外在语文行为的训练,又是指导包括内正在新课程如火如荼进行的当下,语文教学无论是在理念、模式方面都取得了长足的进步,但在改革过程中也有值得注意的地方,其中语言训练的削弱尤其值得我们注意。具体表现在,一些教师一味追求阅读的形式,而忽略语言训练的内容。教师引领学生学词炼句,进行默念、复述、背诵等训练等等传统教学中常用的手段,在如今的课堂上已经很难看到,又或者过于重视自主性、想怎样说就怎样说,使训练不达效果,缺乏语言表达的规范性;语文教学中基础知识和基本技能等逐渐淡化了,课堂往往是华而不实。语言教学是新课程下语文教学的重要内容,能正确理解、品味语言是学生最基本的语文素养,提高学生语言运用能力是时代和社会发展的需求。本文试图以语言为立足点,以初中语文阅读教学为契机,从理解语言、品味语言、运用语言等方面进行语言训练,全面培养学生的听、说、读、写的能力。在探究过程中,注重知识、语言、技能、情感和思维的同步积累,全面展示阅读教学中的内容美、语言美、方法美和过程美,力图提高学生的学习兴趣,激发学生学习语文的积极性,培养学生的语言综合能力,坚守语文教学的个性,真正让语言教学活起来眼下,在一些公开课中,有不少语文老师为能获得好评,用表演、说唱、课件等形式来代替诵读、感悟、理解,抛弃以语言文字为载体,忽略语句的鉴赏的教学形式,使语文课失去了语文的味道,甚至变味。造成学生听不明白,说不得体,读不出感情,写不畅达,学生的语文素养严重滑坡。正如厨师名家,烹饪菜肴突出菜香一样,我们的语文教学也要突出