考点16 阅读理解细节题（核心考点精讲精练）
近3年真题考点分布
【思维导图】
【知识梳理】
命题规律：
细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。预计年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中, 更是侧重对细节理解题的考查。
命题方式：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。
2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。
2.中频考点：数字计算题；
3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。
选项特征：
➢考点一：直接信息题
题干定位直接破解直接信息题。细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。
题干定位法⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 认真阅读题干，根据关键词明确答题方向。运用略读及查读技巧迅速找到文中与问题
相关的信息。
仔细比较所给选项，与原文信息对应，锁定 正确选项。
【典例】(2023上海宝山二模)
Advances in digital health, however, also bring privacy concerns. Information regarding your health could be used for advertising or marketing, for example. If health records are accessible online, protecting your information from theft and unauthorized use might be difficult. But if managed properly, the benefits of digital health could certainly outweigh the risks.
39．According to this article, what is one concern about digital health?
A ．Worries about the side effects caused by modern drugs.
B ．Rising manufacturing costs in the health care industry.
C ．Government regulations limiting the use of digital devices.
D ．The danger that personal health data could be stolen.
【典例】(2023上海嘉定二模)
Qatar, a desert nation, had three main challenges: water, air and light. It got almost every condition going against it. The water used to irrigate (灌溉) the grass is low quality, mainly treated seawater. Because of the desert sun, Qatar’s stadiums were built for maximum shade—great for preventing heatstroke, but less ideal for photosynthesis (光合作用). Inside the nearly-closed stadiums, there’s very little air movement.
Qatar identified pitch (球场) quality as a particular issue and set up the Aspire Sport Turf Research and Development Centre to find the best types of grass for use in the harsh climate, testing 24 different varieties. Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces.
27．Atlas Turf’s grass is chosen probably because _____________.
A ．it has very little air movement
B ．it becomes rough in windy weather
C ．it is shade-tolerant
D ．it appears to have a golden color
➢ 考点二：间接信息题
同义互释破解间接信息题。间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用同
义或近义的语言形式复述出来。审读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换(同义或近义词语)→逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
同义互释法⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 阅读题干，有针对性地扫读原文，锁定相关词 句等信息。仔细比较选项和原文信息，选择正确或最佳 的答案。准确理解每个选项的意思，寻找与原文信息 相关的同义词、近义词或反义词。
【典例】(2023上海浦东) This is episode number three in the nearly twenty-year-old series, delivering a very attractive and interesting story and loads of comedy. There is some strong writing and voice acting, but the new episode chooses to go for a linear (线性的) narrative, with some puzzle included along the way, which is less involving than the theme of exploration and conversation which previous episode have depended on. Besides, the puzzle are not particularly engaging, and many of them have been seen before in other adventure games. The visuals are extremely impressive, of course, as we have come to expect, this time featuring venues in Catalonia. But overall, a slight disappointment.
13．The puzzle in episode number three______.
A ．are integrated in the narrative
B ．arc appealing to the audience
C ．deal with the theme of exploration
D ．are absent in other adventure games
【典例】(2023上海松江二模)
Slovakia is a wonderfully diverse country with rich cultural history and awe-inspiring natural sites. Slovak Paradise is a natural park that offers 19 nature reserves and over 350 caves. Due to its hot summers and cold winters, spring is a perfect time to explore all that Slovakia has to offer.
22．What can be learned about the countries mentioned in the passage?
A ．They are packed with more crowds in spring than in other seasons.
B ．Tourists can travel in ships when visiting Romania and Netherlands.
C ．Travellers can catch sight of and feed wild animals in these countries.
D ．Slovakia is an amazing place where tourists can enjoy natural beauty.
➢ 考点三：数字计算题
查读分析破解数字计算题。
宙读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落一进行推算，得出答案。这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。此类试题在文章中直接表现出事
实细节，但要经过具体的计算才能得出正确答案。具体可以是对年代、月份、费用等计算。此类题目宜采用“查读分析法”，即先阅读题干，然后对文中相关的数字、时间、年代等作出标记，按照一定的规律分门别类地列出相关数字，然后进行简单的计算。
【典例】(2022上海徐汇二模)
So far, the world has relied on wood, oil, coal, and natural gas to produce energy for heating, lighting, transportation, and manufacturing. Since the 1950s, world consumption has been increasing persistently. In the year 2000, 80 percent of commercial energy was generated from the combustion of fossil fuels, and every day, 50 million barrels of oil are reined (支配) and converted to gasoline and other fuels. In addition to the rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, the consequences of high consumption rates are pollution and global warming.
64. How long has the world been in high speed of burning fossil fuel for energy?
A. For half a century.
B. For nearly sixty years.
C. For over 70 years.
D. For more than a century.
【典例】(2023全国乙卷C篇)
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
10. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%.
B. 24%.
C. 25%.
D. 33%.
➢考点四：排列顺序题
首尾排除破解细节排序题。
审读题干和四个选项的内容→利用首属，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围→如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范用;如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。做此类试题时可采用“首尾排除法”，即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按顺序逐一排除，得出正确选项。
【典例】(2023·上海金山·统考二模）
On the track for the 400-meter dash at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Mikha Singh shot from the start as fast as possible, but then, in a second, sensed Malcolm Spence of South Africa over his shoulder. At
the line, with six inches between them, Singh won the gold. The audience broke into applause. To them, however, he was just a village boy who ran with his arms gracefully waving. They did not know that, for him, running was not a sport. It was everything, his religion, his beloved, and his life.
As a child, Singh ran to get an education outside his home village. The school was ten kilometers away. But at the age of 18, Singh ran to save his very life. In 1947, the village was being split between India and Pakistan. Crowds of Muslim outsiders suddenly arrived in his village, ordering his family to convert to Islam or die. His father, dying, shouted, “Run, Milkha, run!” He raced for the forest, crying.
There followed a time when Singh hopped trains as a refugee, shoeless and starving. Eventually the army took him on. There he discovered running of a new kind, with coaching, races over set lengths, and prizes. The first race he won rewarded him with a daily glass of milk.
As a result, Singh began the hard, necessary work, six hours a day. He pushed his body to the limit out of pride—and for India. His iron discipline finally paid off. In 1960, he was invited to compete against Pakistan’s champion runner. At first, Singh refused to go since his childhood home was there and now he was still covered in his mind with the blood of his family. However, the moment Singh crossed the border, to his surprise, he was welcomed with flags and flowers. When he won his race, the then Pakistani prime minister said, “Pakistan bestows on (授予) you the title of The Flying Sikh.” Despite everything that had happened, Singh had two countries.
21．Put the following things in the time order of their appearance in Singh’s life.
① milk as a prize ① gold medal ① school education ① the title of The Flying Sikh
A．①①①①B．①①①①C．①①①①D．①①①①
【典例】(2023·上海杨浦·统考一模）
A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expected to sell for up to half a million pounds at auction. It is believed that the coin was made more than 750 years ago, during the rule of the English King Henry III. It is one of only eight known to exist.
Featuring a picture of King Henry III on one side and a cross and roses on the other, the coin is around 2.5 centimetres across. It was made with gold that came from north Africa. It was found in September last year by a detectorist (someone who looks for items buried underground using a metal detector) in Hemyock village. The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until he posted a photo of it on social media, where it was spotted by a history expert.
The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. The country’s coins were made of silver until King Henry III, who ruled from 1216 until his death in 1272, introduced gold ones with his picture on them.
56. The correct order of the events that happened is .
①The value of the coin was confirmed.
①A coin was unearthed in the field.
①The coin was on display at the British Museum.
①The coin was intended for sale.
①The coin caught the attention of a history expert.
A. ①①①①
B. ①①①①
C. ①①①①①
D. ①①①①①
考向一直接信息题
1.（2023年江苏省苏北七市二模阅读理解A篇）
Value for money?
Yes. It’s not cheap but it’s a special experience that easily fills a day. Plus, it’s a valuable cause worth supporting. Adults ￡14, children 5-17 and students ￡6.50, under-4s free, family ￡38 (two adults and two children) or ￡25 (one adult and three children).
How much would a couple with their 5-year-old twin sons pay for admission?
A．￡25.B．￡34.5.C．￡38.D．￡41.
2.（2023年湖北省华北师大附中二模阅读理解C篇）
Nichola Clark, an ocean expert at the Pew Charitable Trusts called the long-awaited treaty text “a once-in-a-generation opportunity to protect the oceans-a major win for biodiversity”. The treaty will create a new body to manage the conservation of ocean life and establish marine-protected are-as on the high seas. Clark said that’s critical to achieving the UN Biodiversity Conference’s recent promise to protect 30 percent of the planet’s waters, for conservation. The treaty also establishes ground rules for conducting environmental impact assessments for commercial activities in the oceans.
What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Commercial ocean activities will be monitored.
B．Preservation of 30% of the planet will be ensured.
C．Protected areas on the high seas will be expanded.
D．An existing department will manage the conservation.
考向二间接信息题
（2023年上海高三专练）
In many countries of the world, people can confidently tell you the meaning of their town or city, but most
people who live in Manchester, Oxford or Birmingham would not be able to explain what the name of their city means.
The name of every British town and city, however, has a long history. Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts........This is why there are so many place names in England which end in “-chester” or “-caster” –Manchester, for example. ..........The Romans never reached Wales or Scotland, and many place names there are Celtic.........
After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is now Germany and Holland............Twelve hundred years ago, the Vikings came to England from Scandinavia. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages. ........Finally, in 1066, England became Norman — the Normans gave us the place name “grange”, which means farm.........
Which of the following shows the correct order of the arrival of inhabitants in Britain?
A．The Celts –The Romans – The Vikings –The Normans –The Anglo Saxons
B．The Romans –The Celts –The Vikings –The Anglo Saxons–The Normans
C．The Celts –The Romans –The Anglo Saxons–The Vikings –The Normans
D．The Romans –The Anglo Saxons–The Celts –The Normans –The Vikings
考向三数字计算题
（2023年新高考II卷）
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest?
A. Photography Workshops.
B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
考向四排列顺序题
(2023新高考全国卷I)
A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said, “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
“She's a little star，” said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.”
Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
What's the right order of the events?
①Izzy kicked Colm. ①Debbie called 999.
①Izzy learned CPR. ①Colm's heart stopped.
A．①①①① B．①①①①
C．①①①① D．①①①①
(2020上海春考)
Top Apps For Climate Activists
The world population is at 7 billion and it’s predicted that by the end of this year there will be one smartphone for every five people in the world. That’s a lot of phones and a lot of information literally at our fingertips.
Information is constantly changing and those of us working hard to protect the environment for ourselves and future generations need to have access to up-to-date material. Being a climate change activist can be time consuming. But…There’s an app (or ten) for that! The number of apps out there is staggering.
With these apps you’ll be amazed at how easy it is to stay in the know when it comes to your health, and the health of the environment.
60. According to this text, the author recommends APPs because___________.
A. those APPs could help people gain the up-to-date material
B. those APPs could forecast the changing climate accurately
C. those APPs could help people who have a fast-paced lifestyle
D. those APPs are free for those people who have a designated phone
61. If you want to find in season foods, which Apps should you download?
A. Zimride
B. Fooducate
C. Locavore
D. Findfood
62. Which of the following is true about the APPs mentioned in this passage?
A. Carbon Emissions Calculator for Air Travel could calculate the accurate carbon emissions of passengers.
B. Locavore can not only tell us which fruits and meat are in season, it also tell us how long they’ll be in season.
C. Zimride will charge for rides and then take a cut and the rest is belong to drivers.
D. Fooducate will recommend minimally processed foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants.
(2022上海秋考)
Summer Camp Rules
Whether it s your child's first year at camp , or they are a seasoned camper and need a little refresher , it’s a good idea to go over summer camp rules and guidelines before leaving for camp. Camp rules are in place lo keep the camp community safe and camp operations running smoothly throughout their stay.
1.Keep Y our Personal Space Clean
Since your child will be in close quarters with many other campers , it’s important that they understand the necessity of keeping their sleeping and living areas organized.
Go over ways for your child to stay organized and tidy before they leave for camp. When packing, make sure to provide a laundry bag to keep clean and dirty clothing separate. Utilize under bed space or put clothes on your shelves or cabinets rather than living out of your suitcase or camp trunk.
It also helps to not over pack. Follow packing list guidelines closely so your child can find what they need without having to dig through piles of clothing that were not recommended. This also helps you child know what they have in their luggage so they pull out the sweatshirt when it gets cold. instead of thinking there wasn't one in their bag. Remind your child of their camp account so they can purchase items from the camp store if necessary.
2. Valuables at Camp
As a best practice, we recommend leaving all valuables at home, Even if your child has a bracelet or necklace that they never take off, there is still the chance that it could be lost while swimming or participating in camp activities If you are thinking about bringing an expensive item of clothing, be prepared for it to gel lost or damaged. You may be better off buying a new, less expensive version. To be on the safe side, don't let your child bring anything irreplaceable or emotionally valuable to camp.
3. Play Nice
Name calling,fighting, bullying, and arguing are strictly prohibited at summer camp Camp is a place to make friends, so aggressive behavior is not tolerated. Remind your child that they don't have to be everybody's best friend, but they do have to be friendly to everyone.
Encourage your child to go into camp with the mindset of making a few new friends, and chances are they will leave camp having made more than a few.
4. Have Fun and Try New Things
At the end of the day, summer camp is about getting out of your comfort zone, trying new things, and having a blast. Before your child leaves for camp, congratulate them for being brave enough to try sleep away amp in the first place. Let them know that they've already won just by trying, and the fun part is just about to begin. Remind them again that summer camp rules exist only to improve the overall camp experience and to create a community of fun.
60.What is the purpose of clarifying the rules of summer camp?
A.Enrich children's summer camp operation
B.Ensure the safety of children participating in summer camp
C.Cultivate children's ability to survive in the wild
D.Help children develop good cleaning habits
61.Which of the following behaviors is advocated by the summer camp?
A. Take your favorite valuables
B Fight with camping friends
C. Avoid participating in hazardous activities
D. Keep personal camping supplies in order
62. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Enjoy the unique fun brought by new things
B. Make good friends wherever you are
C. Follow the rules of summer camp
D. Get enough sleep before camping
考点16 阅读理解细节题（核心考点精讲精练） 近3年真题考点分布 【思维导图】
【知识梳理】 命题规律： 细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。预计年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中, 更是侧重对细节理解题的考查。 命题方式： 1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。 2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。 题型和考查角度： 1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。 2.中频考点：数字计算题； 3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。 选项特征： ➢考点一：直接信息题 题干定位直接破解直接信息题。细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。
题干定位法⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 认真阅读题干，根据关键词明确答题方向。运用略读及查读技巧迅速找到文中与问题 相关的信息。 仔细比较所给选项，与原文信息对应，锁定 正确选项。 【典例】(2023上海宝山二模) Advances in digital health, however, also bring privacy concerns. Information regarding your health could be used for advertising or marketing, for example. If health records are accessible online, protecting your information from theft and unauthorized use might be difficult. But if managed properly, the benefits of digital health could certainly outweigh the risks. 39．According to this article, what is one concern about digital health? A ．Worries about the side effects caused by modern drugs. B ．Rising manufacturing costs in the health care industry. C ．Government regulations limiting the use of digital devices. D ．The danger that personal health data could be stolen. 【典例】(2023上海嘉定二模) Qatar, a desert nation, had three main challenges: water, air and light. It got almost every condition going against it. The water used to irrigate (灌溉) the grass is low quality, mainly treated seawater. Because of the desert sun, Qatar’s stadiums were built for maximum shade—great for preventing heatstroke, but less ideal for photosynthesis (光合作用). Inside the nearly-closed stadiums, there’s very little air movement. Qatar identified pitch (球场) quality as a particular issue and set up the Aspire Sport Turf Research and Development Centre to find the best types of grass for use in the harsh climate, testing 24 different varieties. Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces. 27．Atlas Turf’s grass is chosen probably because _____________. A ．it has very little air movement B ．it becomes rough in windy weather C ．it is shade-tolerant D ．it appears to have a golden color ➢ 考点二：间接信息题 同义互释破解间接信息题。间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用同
上海市高考英语阅读理解试题(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown. As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts. They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks. Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused shortsightedness in animals. Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to humans. A study of almost 300, 000 young adults-the largest of its kind-showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January. Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was because prolonged illumination(光照) causes the eyeball to lengthen-causing short-sightedness. Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be. The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun. In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape. Sight expert Professor Daniel O'Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said "At the moment we don't know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming shortsighted." （1）Babies born in summer are more likely to be shortsighted ____________. A. because the summer sun is too strong for babies B. because babies born in summer have lengthened eyeballs C. if they are exposed too much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born D if parents don't know a proper way to protect their babies' eyes （2）Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________. A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sighted B. protect the skin from harmful sun rays C. make our body strong D. protect babies' eyes from summer sun （3）From what Professor Daniel O'Leary says we can conclude that ___________. A. there is no evidence that shortsightedness is related to exposure to sunlight B. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further proved C. he believes that light exposure can cause shortsightedness D. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight （4）The underlined word "vulnerable" in the passage probably means __________. A. easy to be harmed B. resistant C. protective D. changeable
2024高考英语阅读理解一轮复习暑期提前训练导学案(3) Topic：(说明文)
【答案&解析】 1．细节理解题。依据文章其次段“It may seem very different, but babies are certainly not lying around randomly. Babies don’t explore the world by chance, with their eyes falling on it. Babies have a strategy if they want to understand the world.(这可能看起来特别不同，但婴儿确定不是随便躺着的。婴儿探究世界不是偶然的，他们的眼睛落在上面。假如婴儿想要了解这个世界，他们会有自己的策略。〞)〞可知婴儿在理解世界的时候会使用策略，他们会观看物体查找有用的信息，拒确定他们无用的东西。由此可知，婴儿是有目的地探究世界这个发觉让人惊异。应选A项。 2．词句猜想题。依据文章其次段“Babies have a strategy if they want to understand the world. First, they look for those pieces of information that allow them to
understand other information faster and more efficiently. On the contrary, if they see an object or event from which they can learn nothing further, they simply reject it. Only the information useful to them, they select, says Dr Francesco Poli. (假如婴儿想要了解这个世界，他们会有自己的策略。首先，他们查找那些能让他们更快更有效地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，假如他们看到一个他们无法进一步了解的物体或大事，他们就会直接拒绝它。他们只选择对他们有用的信息。Francesco Poli博士说)〞以及文章第三段“That sounds easier, even for a baby, than done. But how does a baby know what is important and what is not?(即使对婴儿来说，这听起来简单做起来难。但是婴儿怎么知道什么是重要的，什么是不重要的?)〞可知，此处的That指代的应当是有策略地学习。应选C项。 3．细节理解题。依据文章第五段““Babies build their knowledge. They are like little scientists who like to see their idea challenged. For example, they learn very quickly that objects fall down and don’t just disappear. And this is w hy they love bubbles(泡沫)so much: they do float up and then disappear!〞(“婴儿渐渐增进他们的学问。他们就像小科学家，喜爱看到自己的想法受到挑战。例如，它们很快就知道物体会掉下来，而不是凭空消逝。这就是为什么他们如此喜爱泡沫：它们的确会起浮来，然后消逝!〞)〞可知，在婴儿的认知世界里物体是掉下来，而不是凭空消逝，但是泡泡却是浮起来然后就消逝了，这和他们已有的认知是不一样的，所以泡泡的特点对他们已有的认知形成了挑战，让他们很感爱好。应选B项。 4．推理推断题。依据文章其次段“First, they look for those pieces of information that allow them to understand other information faster and more efficiently. On the contrary, if they see an object or event from which they can learn nothing further,
福建三明市2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础练习 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 Today, ultrasonic(超声的) waves are being put to work in laboratories and factories. If an ultrasound generator is placed in a liquid, the waves move the liquid back and forth hundreds of thousands of times each second. This causes materials to mix quickly or to dissolve(使分解，使溶解) in liquids. Paint manufacturers(制造商) use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors. The companies that make film for your camera find that mixing chemicals by the use of sound waves will produce a more sensitive film. The new lightweight(轻量的) type of washing machine uses ultrasonic waves to get clothes clean. Its special ultrasound generator is put into a pail of soapy water containing the soiled clothes. The sound waves drive the soapy water back and forth through the cloth so fast that everything is soon clean. There is also a new kind of dishwasher that works in much the same way. Ultrasonic waves can shake a liquid so fast that tiny holes form all through it. The liquid is actually torn apart by this action. Almost as soon as these holes are made, they fall together again. The result is a powerful pounding action. In the dairy industry this is used for the double purpose of making homogenized(使均匀，使匀质) milk and sterilizing(使无菌) it at the same time. If you look at some raw milk with a microscope, you find that it is made up of little drops of butter fat floating around in a watery liquid. In order to make milk easier to digest, these fat droplets(微粒) may be broken up by forcing the milk through very small openings. The result is called homogenized milk. When the ultrasonic method is used, the sound waves not only break up the droplets but also kill the germs in the milk by pounding them to pieces. 1. Why does a paint manufacturer use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors? A. Because it is cheap to use ultrasound to blend colors. B. Because the waves move the liquid so quickly that it can make materials mix quickly or dissolve in liquids.
落堕市安心阳光实验学校2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）训练题（3）及答案 （“江南十校”高三联考） A scientist turns out to be able to see the future by offering each of some four-year-olds a piece of candy and watching how he or she deals with it. Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see. Some last a few minutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait until the last moment. By the time the children reach high schoo1,something remarkable has happened. A survey found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out generally grew up to be more popular, adventurous, confident and dependable. The children who gave in to temptation(诱惑)early were more likely to be lonely. easily frustrated and inflexible(顽固的). Actually, the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesn’t show up on an IQ test. The hardware of the brain and the software of the mind have long been scientists’ concerns. But brain theory can’t explain what we wonder about most,like the question why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul. Here comes the theory of Daniel Goleman, writer of Emotional Intelligence：when it comes to predicting people’s Success, brain ability measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as "character". EQ is not the opposite of IQ. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together; how one’s ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients (要素)for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20％;the rest depends off everything from social class to luck. While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, some few fear EQ invites misuse.
话题十四社会热点(B) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2019·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测]Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge. The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee (WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site's buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale (规模) and visual effects in and around the property (地产). As a result of the Committee's concerns, Vienna changed its building modes and launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection. The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011. The Recommendation put forwards an all-round and combined approach to balancing urban heritage conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development. The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment. 1．Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in Paragraph 1? A．To explain the goal of the organization. B．To encourage the public to protect the world.
专题限时集训(二) 阅读理解—细节理解之事实认定(Ⅱ) A(2019·长沙市统一模拟) Shakespeare's Globe Exhibition & Theatre Tour is a unique international resource to explore Shakespeare's works. Open all year round, it gives you an opportunity to learn more about the most famous playwright(剧作家)，Shakespeare，and helps you seek to further the experience and international understanding of him. Group Visits to the Exhibition & Theatre Tour ●Opening Hours Exhibition： Monday—Sunday：9：00 a．m.—5：00 p．m. Theatre Tours： November—February: 9：00 a．m.—4：30 p．m. March—October： Monday: 9：30 a．m.—5：00 p．m. Tuesday—Saturday: 9：30 a．m.—12：30 p．m. Sunday: 9：30 a．m.—11：30 a．m. Groups of 15 people or more a re required to prebook their visit，and each group will have its own guide for free.To make a reservation，please fill in a group request form and return it to us via email. ●Exhibition & Theatre Tour Prices Adult: ￡15.00 Senior(60＋): ￡13.50 Student(with valid ID): ￡11.50 Child(5－15): ￡8.00 Complimentary：Every 16th person is free ●Getting here Shakespeare's Globe，21 New Globe Walk，London SE19DT，UK We have currently improved security，with all bags being checked.Please arrive in good time，and do not bring any large bags and check the calendar before your
一轮复习英语(牛津译林版)模拟试题16 Ⅰ.单项填空 1．Thetheoryhestuckto______toberightlater. A．proveB．provedC．provingD．proves 答案B[本题中he stuck to为定语从句，要填的选项为句中真正的谓语动词，根据句意应为B项。句意为“他一直信奉的理论后来被证明是正确的”。] 2．—Canyoushootthatbirdatthetopofthetree? —No，it'soutof______. A．rangeB．reachC．controlD．distance 答案A[句意：你能射到树上的那只鸟吗？不能，它在射程之外。out of range在射程外，符合句意；out of reach够不到；out of control失控，故选A。] 3．Onlyunderspecialcircumstances______totakethoserests. A．arefreshmenpermittedB．freshmenarepermitted C．permittedarefreshmenD．arepermittedfreshmen 答案A[“only＋介词短语”置于句首，句子应用部分倒装，故选A。] 4．Theboyhasanamazingappetite______Americancountrymusic. A．toB．onC．withD．for 答案D[have an appetite for...为固定词组，其含义为“喜欢……”] 5．Morethanonehundredandfiftyteachersareworkinghardinourschool，______agestwenty-three______ forty-five. A．which，rangeto，betweenB．whose，rangefrom，to C．that，rangefor，andD．it，rangewith，to 答案B[第一个空whose修饰ages并且引导非限制性定语从句；第二、三空考查range from...to...结构的用法。] 6．Usuallychildrenundersixarenot______toschoolexceptthoseofextraordinaryintelligence. A．permittedB．admittedC．acceptedD．received 答案B[be admitted to...意思是“被录取，被准许进入”，符合题意。] 7．Theorganization______foodandblanketsamongthepeopleintheareahitheavilybysnowstorms. A．providedB．calculatedC．distributedD．contributed 答案C[distribute的意思为“分发”，符合题意。] 8．________hadhereceivedthetelegram______hestartedoffatonce. A．Never，thatB．Hardly，that C．Hardly，whenD．Nosooner，when 答案C[句意：他一接到电话马上就出发了。没有never...that与hardly...that结构，而no sooner应与than连用，故应选择C项。]
2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练〔6〕 李仕才 A Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their long-term survival, a study suggests. "This first came to my attention when I read a news story about the seizure of an illegal shipment of 23 yellow crested cockatoos(小葵花凤头鹦鹉)," said Luke Gibson, a college teacher. He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him. This encouraged Dr. Gibson and his colleague to investigate(调查)how a critically endangered species had become self-sustaining outside of its natural range. They discovered 49 cases of a globally threatened species becoming established as a separate population, which they hadn’t thought of, including the yellow-crested cockatoo in their city. "This is a species which is primarily threatened by wildlife trade," he told BBC News. "Poachers(偷猎者)go out into the forest in its native range in eastern Indonesia and capture the bird and then ship them off, usually up to our city where there is a strong demand for pet birds. This is what has fueled the decline of this species in its native range. But it's really interesting because that same cause also had another effect: some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.〞 As a result of enough of the birds set free, it allowed a new self-sustaining population to be established in this city. The government in of Dr. Gibson’s city has made it illegal to capture the species, even though it is a non-native species. Because the city is affluent and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare, explained Dr Gibson, unlike in its native range in Indonesia, where capturing birds forms a major source of income. However, there can be downsides(缺点) to the newly established population of
考点11 语法填空（核心考点精讲精练） 近年真题考点分布 【思维导图】
【知识梳理】 一、语法填空考点分布 二、语法填空题两空格以上考点
➢考点一：纯空格试题的解题技巧 技巧1：当句子缺主语或宾语，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语、表语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 【举例】（2023·上海静安二模） Ever got to grips with a problem? Picked up a new skill? Grasped a difficult concept? The language of learning is full of references to parts of the body outside the brain. Perhaps that’s because these phrases hint at ____1____ deeper.