（红宝书 网上附赠）
2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题（第一套）
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
At the beginning of the century, medical scientists made a surprising discovery: that we are 1 not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were able to 2 t hat we all have an internal “body clock” which 3 t he rise and fall of our body energies, making us different from one day to the 4 . These forces became known as biorhythms; they create the 5 i n our everyday life.
The 6 o f an internal “body clock ”should not be too surprising, 7 t he lives of most living things are dominated by the 24 hour night and day cycle. The most obvious 8 o f this cycle is the 9 w e feel tired and fall asleep at night and become awake and 10 d uring the day. 11 t he 24 hour rhythm is interrupted, most people experience unpleasant side effects. 12 , international aeroplane travelers often experience “jet lag” when traveling across time 13 . People who are not used to 14 w ork can find that lack of sleep affects their work performance. 15 t he daily rhythm of sleeping and waking, we also have other rhythms which 16 l onger than one day and which influence wide areas of our lives. Most of us would agree that we feel good on 17 d ays and not so good on others. Sometimes we are 18 f ingers and thumbs but on other days we have excellent coordination. There are times when we appear to be accident prone, or when our temper seems to be on a short fuse. Isn’t it also strange 19 i deas seem to flow on some days but at other times are 20 n onexistent? Musicians, painters and writers often talk about “dry spells ”.
1. ［A ］built ［B ］shaped ［C ］molded ［D ］grown
2. ［A ］demonstrate ［B ］illustrate ［C ］present ［D ］propose
3. ［A ］designates ［B ］fluctuates ［C ］calculates ［D ］regulates
4. ［A ］second ［B ］latter ［C ］other ［D ］next
5. ［A ］“ups and downs ” ［B ］“goods and bads ”［C ］“pros and cons ” ［D ］“highs and lows ”
6. ［A ］name ［B ］idea ［C ］expression ［D ］image
7. ［A ］unless ［B ］when ［C ］since ［D ］although
8. ［A ］nature ［B ］character ［C ］feature ［D ］fact
9. ［A ］mode ［B ］way ［C ］form ［D ］fashion
10.［A ］watchful ［B ］ready ［C ］alert ［D ］attentive w w w .h o n g b a o s h u .c o m
11.［A ］As ［B ］Because ［C ］Though ［D ］If 12.［A ］Of course ［B ］For example ［C ］In consequence ［D ］In particular 13.［A ］zones ［B ］areas ［C ］belts ［D ］sphere 14.［A ］change ［B ］shift ［C ］transfer ［D ］alternate 15.［A ］Instead of ［B ］Rather than ［C ］As well as ［D ］In comparison with 16.［A ］last ［B ］move ［C ］live ［D ］survive 17.［A ］many ［B ］several ［C ］some ［D ］most 18.［A ］all ［B ］partly ［C ］seldom ［D ］often 19.［A ］when ［B ］how ［C ］that ［D ］which 20.［A ］particularly ［B ］specifically ［C ］apparently ［D ］virtually Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1
For more than two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative -action programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has been a divisive issue across the U.S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative -action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina.
Now chief executives of about two dozen companies have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 non -profitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court -imposed restrictions on affirmative -action. The CEOs’ motive:“Our audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse” as well, says one CEO of a company that owns nine television stations.
Among the steps the forum is pushing: finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment through new admissions policies; promotion admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them. “Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate legal ways,” says a forum member.
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One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public universities —which educate three -quarters of all U.S. undergraduates—to admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldn’t have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.
21. U.S. court restrictions on affirmative -action signifies that .
［A ］minorities no longer hold the once favored status
［B ］the quality of American colleges has improved
［C ］racial preferences has replaced racial prejudice
［D ］the minority is on an equal footing with the majority
22. What has been a divisive issue across the United States?
［A ］Whether affirmative -action should continue to exist.
［B ］Whether this law is helping minorities or the white majority.
［C ］Whether racism exists in American college admission.
［D ］Whether racial intolerance should be punished.
23. CEOs of big companies decided to help colleges enroll more minority students because
they .
［A ］think it wrong to deprive the minorities of their rights to receive education
［B ］want to conserve the fine characteristics of American nation
［C ］want a workforce that reflects the diversity of their customers
［D ］think it their duty to help develop education of the country
24. The major tactic the forum uses is to .
［A ］battle the racial preferences in court
［B ］support colleges involved in lawsuits of racism
［C ］strive to settle this political debate nationwide
［D ］find legally viable ways to ensure minority admissions
25. If the 10% rule is applied, .
［A ］the best white high school students can get into colleges
［B ］public universities can get excellent students
［C ］students from poor rural families can go to colleges
［D ］good minority students can get into public universities
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Text 2
We humans have a remarkable brain -mediated capacity to make sounds and let them act as symbolic representations of other things. Two hundred thousand years ago, the first word was spoken. In the arms of an adoring mother, the babbling “mamam ”of an infant became the spoken representation of safety, warmth, nourishment and, the person who provided all of this, mother. Since then we have been able to sequence, structure, and sort the roughly 40 sounds we are capable of making into thousands of complex languages with millions of unique “words”.
Yet while words are our most amazing invention, human communication starts when words have no meaning. It starts by gazing, rocking, stroking, kissing, humming, the sight, sound, smell, and touch of a loved one. It is in these first nonverbal interactions that one human becomes connected to another and communication begins. The infant’s cry means,“I’m hungry or scared or cold or tired.”The responsive caregiver’s actions mean,“It’s safe. Eat now. I bring warmth, comfort and pleasure. You are loved.” To the newborn, the sounds of “I love you” are, at first, meaningless. But over time, by holding, rocking, gazing and gently stroking—as the sounds “I love you” are whispered over and over—the baby learns the meaning in the word. The sound becomes a word. To the lucky infant, love is the responsive, safe, and warm rhythmic touch—the smile, the hum and the adoring gaze.
When language does not develop in the context of caring relationships, we lose the beauty and meaning that words can convey. For each newborn, exposure to repetitive spoken language in a relationship provides the stimulus for neural organization that will allow that child to develop complex language capabilities—the capacity to understand and to communicate using “words”. This learning process requires that language be derived from social emotional communication. The face, not the voice, is the major organ of human communication. Words have become our shortcuts.
26．The author cites the fact that humans are capable of making 40 sounds primarily in order to .
［A ］ contrast it with the number of complex humans have created
［B ］ educate the reader
［C ］ emphasize the importance of nonverbal communication
［D ］ make a transition into the next paragraph
27．According to the author, communication begins .
［A ］ with nonverbal interactions
［B ］ two hundred thousand years ago
［C ］ between mother and child
［D ］ with words
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28．According to the author, infants learn the meanings of words through . ［A ］ hearing words repeatedly ［B ］ the association of words and actions ［C ］ their mother’s love ［D ］ a bath of physical sensations 29．The author believes that it is important that spoken language . ［A ］ be learned at an early age ［B ］ not be confused with body language ［C ］ not be confused with written language ［D ］ be learned in the context of a caring relationship 30．The author is convinced that the face is . ［A ］ imbued with a power to communicate beyond our imagination ［B ］ a window through which we can see a person 's thoughts ［C ］ more important than even the voice in human communication ［D ］ a symbolic representation of other things Text 3
Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regulations foster family instability. They maintain that those regulations, which exclude most poor husband and wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children assistance grants, contribute to the problem of family dissolution. Thus, they conclude that expanding the set of families eligible for family assistance plans or guaranteed income measures would result in a marked strengthening of the low -income family structure. If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly? The unhappily married couple, in most cases, remains together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, because of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits of marriage. The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family are in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage. Major benefit generated by the creation of a family is the expansion of the set of consumption possibilities, the benefits from such a partnership depend largely on the relative dissimilarity of the resources or basic endowments each partner brings to the marriage. Persons with similar productive capacities have less economic “cement” holding their marriage together. Since the family performs certain functions society regards as vital, a complex network of social and legal buttresses has evolved to reinforce marriage. Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, e.g. division of property, alimony, child support, and the social stigma attached to divorce.
Martial stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage w w w .h o n g b a o s h u .c o m
partners -social -economic group. Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To the extent that welfare is a form of government subsidized alimony payments, it reduces the institutional costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage. Rather, welfare-related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of government -subsidized alimony payments.
31. Some criticize the current welfare regulations because .
［A ］ those regulations encourage family dissolution
［B ］ the low income families are not given enough the family assistance grants
［C ］ they expand the set of families eligible for family assistance ［D ］ the guaranteed income measures are increased
32. According to this passage, family stability depends on .
［A ］ the couples earning ability
［B ］ the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage
［C ］ how much possessions the couple have before marriage
［D ］ a network of social and legal support
33. All of the following are mentioned by the author as factors tending to perpetuate a
marriage EXCEPT .
［A ］ the stigma attached to divorce
［B ］ the social class of the partners
［C ］ the cost of alimony and child support
［D ］ the loss of property upon divorce
34. The author argues that .
［A ］ the agreement between couples reinforce mortal stability
［B ］ expected AFDC income helps to strengthen family stability
［C ］ AFDC regulations are to blame for family instability
［D ］ public assistance upsets the balance between benefit and cost of marriage
35. The tone of the passage can best be described as .
［A ］ confident and optimistic
［B ］ scientific and detached
［C ］ discouraged and alarmed
［D ］ polite and sensitive
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Text 4
Ever since Al Gore invented it, the Internet has been a paradise for those with a creative attitude to facts. Students, for example, commission and sell essays with such ease there that online “paper mills” devoted to this trade are one of the few dotcom business models still thriving. With a few clicks of a mouse, a student can contract out any academic chore to “research” sites such as Gradersaver. com or the Evil House of Cheating.
One market opportunity, however, frequently creates another. The past few months have seen a rapid rise in interest in software designed to catch the cheats. The subscriber base of Turnitin, a leading anti -plagiarism software house based in Oakland, California, has risen by 25% since the beginning of the year. Around 150,000 students in America alone are under its beady electronic eye. And in Britain, the Joint information Systems Committee, the unit responsible for advising the country’s universities on information technology, has tested the firm’s software in the five colleges. If it goes well, every university lecturer in the country will soon be able to inspect his students’ submissions with it.
Turnitin’s software chops each paper submitted for scrutiny into small pieces of text. The resulting “digital fingerprint ”is compared, using statistical techniques originally designed to analyze brain waves (John Barrie, the firm’s founder, was previously a biophysicist), to more than a billion documents that have been fingerprinted in a similar fashion. These include the contents of online paper mills, the classics of literature and the firm’s own archive of all submitted term papers, as well as a snapshot of the current contents of the World Wide Web. Whenever a matching pattern is found, the software makes a note. After highlighting instances of replication, or obvious paraphrasing (according to Turnitin, some 30% of submitted papers are “less than original”), the computer running the software returns the interpreted document to the teacher who originally submitted it—leaving him with the final decision on what is and is not permissible.
Which teachers and institutions will choose to employ such software? Past research has shown that, perhaps surprisingly, academic dishonesty links with high academic achievement. Nor is public exposure of widespread cheating likely to polish a university’s reputation. Universities with the highest-achieving students and the most faultless reputations may therefore have the most to lose from anti -plagiarism software. Indeed, a curious pattern has emerged among Turnitin’s clients: good universities, such as Duke, Rutgers and Cornell, employ it. Those that like to think of themselves as top -notch, such as Princeton, Yale and Stanford, do not. According to Dr. Barrie, “You apply our technology at Harvard and it would be like a nuclear bomb going off.”
36.From paragraph one, we learn that .
［A ］with Internet, students may find it even more difficult to do research work
［B ］Internet has provided the students a rich source of material for paper compiling
［C ］Internet has beaten the companies devoting to academic cheating greatly
［D ］the invention of Internet has created great opportunity for academic cheating
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37.According to the passage, the great development of Turnitin is due to . ［A ］its superb management
［B ］the thriving of academic cheating
［C ］its big electronic eye
［D ］the test of its software by the Joint Information Systems Committee
38.It can be inferred from passage that the most possible cheaters are . ［A ］students in good universities as Duke, Rutgers and Cornell
［B ］students in top universities as Princeton, Yale and Stanford ［C ］students who can use the anti -plagiarism software
［D ］students who need to compile academic paper
39.We can infer from the last sentence of the passage that .
［A ］Turnitin’s anti -plagiarism software can be well -accepted by Harvard University
［B ］the anti -plagiarism software may create some computer virus which is like nuclear bomb in
Harvard University
［C ］there must be a lot of academic cheating in Harvard University in Dr. Barrie’s opinion ［D ］Harvard University will adopt the software in a short time
40.According to the passage, the author’s attitude towards Turnitin’s anti -plagiarism software may be said to be .
［A ］doubtful
［B ］indifferent
［C ］objective
［D ］favorable
Part B
Directions:
In the following text, some segments have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Scientific research embraces inquiry into the workings of nature without regard to the motivation of the scientist or the investor in the scientist’s work. Within this conception of research lies all of what is commonly called “basic ”or “fundamental ”research, plus much of what some people choose to call “applied ”(because it is likely to be useful). 41) .
42) . Surely that would be an absurdity. Basic research is best thought of as research to create knowledge that expands human opportunities and understanding and informs human choices. It may lead to a new scientific observation that raises new questions. If black holes are found at the centers of galaxies, including our own, what does that tell us about the ultimate fate of our own solar system? Surely that is an important question, but only experts will be able to see how the work might, some day, inform more “practical ”science.
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43) . If materials can be made that offer no electrical resistance at room temperature, could world demands for energy be greatly reduced in the future? What other applications for electric current that flows without resistance might we imagine? Such basic research may lead to scientific or technological progress, or both.
44) . One of them, perhaps a bit more entrepreneurial than her fellows, decides to make a more reliable version of the instrument, manufacture it, and sell it to other scientists in the field. Soon this instrument is in widespread use for analysis, and someone, perhaps an engineer, realizes the instrument can be used in reverse to control a process rather than measure it. Thus an instrument designed for analysis becomes a tool for synthesis.
45) .
[A] The computers using these tiny chips are faster and provide a more powerful tool for the
advance of other fields of science. In this example, it is very difficult to sort out whether science was driving the technology or technology was driving science: both were happening concurrently.
[B] We all know that some basic research is highly abstract and speculative, far from any kind of
practical application or economic value. But must basic research be useless to qualify as “basic ”?
[C] Research might lead to the discovery of a new material, the understanding of a new process, or
the creation of an idea leading to a new kind of instrument.
[D] Consider, for example, the electron microscope. It was invented to enable scientists to see
very small things. It is now used in reverse to make very small things, not only in the laboratory but in electronics factories. In this example, science created the need for the instrument. The resulting instrument business enabled more rapid scientific progress.
[E] The way scientific research is used to further technological goals may profoundly affect
policies for allocating funds to science and determining the institutional settings in which scientific research is performed. In fact, the way innovations are brought about in industry, and the role of science in support of innovation and productivity growth, have both substantially changed. Thus, any discussion of technology policy must address research policy as well.
[F] Most often, scientific and technological research go hand in hand. A scientist might invent a
new kind of scientific instrument to explore a poorly understood area of natural phenomena. Her colleagues build similar instruments in their laboratories.
[G] Research is an activity for which the doctorate is often the appropriate training. It is carried
out primarily in laboratories managed for the purpose of conducting scientific research and is funded by agencies or bureaus experienced at research investment and management.
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Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
There is no question that science -fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (46) But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions —a factor that academic critics rarely take into account . Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery of Western writers, most science -fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie -ins.)
(47) Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man ” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (48) At his parents’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if the worst came to the worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere ”. During his sophomore year, he sold his first science -fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (49) By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. “I became very cynical very quickly,”he says. First I couldn’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten -thousand -word hole to fill in his next issue. I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (50)I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as reader—Joyce, Kafka, Mann—so I detached myself from my work. I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?”—meaning something that wasn’t science fiction —and I kept telling them,“When I’m financially secure.”
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Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a letter to Dr. Henry Ford and apply for a Scholarship in Applied Physics of the University of Colorado in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter ，using “Li Ming ”instead.
Part B
52. Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay to 1) Describe the pictures briefly. 2) Interpret its meaning. 3) Support your view with examples. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) “长臂猿”
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考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习一 Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A] On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, the electors who have been chosen in November assemble in their respective state capitals to signal their preference. The future president and vice-president must receive at least 270 electoral votes, a majority of the total of 538, to win. Members of the electoral college have the moral, but not the legal, obligation to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state. This moral imperative, plus the fact that electors are members of the same political party as the presidential candidate winning the popular vote, ensures that the outcome in the electoral college is a valid reflection of the popular vote in November. [B] It is even possible for someone to win the popular vote, yet lost the presidency to another candidate. How? It has to do with the electoral college. [C] The electoral college was created in response to a problem encountered during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where delegates were trying to determine the best way to choose the president. The framers of the Constitution intended that the electors, a body of men chosen for their wisdom, should come together and choose on behalf of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political parties guaranteed that the electoral of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political guaranteed that the electoral system never worked as the framers had intended; instead, national parties, i. e. nationwide alliances of local interests, quickly came to dominate the election campaigns. The electors became mere figureheads representing the state branches of the parties who got them chosen, and their votes were predetermined and predictable. [D] How are the electors chosen? Although there is some variation among states in how electors are appointed, generally they are chosen by the popular vote, always on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Each political party in a state chooses a state of local worthies to be members of the electoral college if the party’s presidential candidate wins at least a plurality of the popular vote in the state. [E] How is the number of electors decided? Every state has one elector for each senator and representative it sends to Congress. States with greater populations therefore have more electors in the electoral college. All states have at least 3 electors, but California, the most populous state, has 54. The District of Columbia, though not a state, is also allowed to send three electors.
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（7） (1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Do people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable neighbors__1__, scientists have been trying to answer this question for decades, and the results have been__2__Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being__3__increases with age—but overall happiness__4__when a person was born. __5__studies that have__6__older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not__7__whether their__8__was because of their age or because of their__9__life experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Science ,__10__out the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including__11__measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health. The researchers found, after controlling for variables__12__health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and education, that well-being increases over everyone′s lifetime.__13__people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,__14__much less happy than those who have had more__15__lives. This finding helps to__16__why past studies have found conflicting results—experience__17__, and tough times can__18__an entire generation′s happiness for the rest of their lives. The__19__news is,__20__we′ve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age. 第1题 A.alike B.alongside C.aside D.besides 第2题 A.conflicting B.worrying C.revealing D.appealing 第3题 A.accordingly B.indeed C.hence D.nevertheless 第4题 A.resides with B.rests with C.depends on D.reckons on 第5题
考生注意事项 1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。 2. 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。 3. 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。 (1) 英语知识运用、阅读理解A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡1上。填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。 (2) 阅读理解部分C节的答案和作文必须用(蓝)黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡2上作答。字迹要清楚。 4. 考试结束，将答题卡1、答题卡2及试题一并装入试题袋中交回。 考试时间 满分180分钟100分得分 Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) It is generally recognized in the world that the second Gulf War in Iraq is a cr ucial test of high-speed web. For decades, Americans have anxiously 1 each war t hrough a new communication 2, from the early silent film of World War I to the 24 -hour cable news 3 of the first Persian Gulf War. Now, 4 bombs exploding in Baghdad, a sudden increase in wartime 5 for onlin e news has become a central test of the 6 of high-speed Internet connections. It i s also a good 7 both to attract users to online media 8 and to persuade them to pay for the material they find there, 9 the value of the Cable News Network persu aded millions to 10 to cable during the last war in Iraq. 11 by a steady rise over the last 18 months in the number of people with hig h-speed Internet 12, now at more than 70 million in the United States, the web sit es of many of the major news organizations have 13 assembled a novel collage (拼贴) of 14 video, audio reports, photography collections, animated weaponry 15, i nteractive maps and other new digital reportage.
2010考研英语（二）模拟试卷 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points） Among the thousands of business schools now operating around the world you would be hard-pressed to find one that doesn't believe it can teach the skills of entrepreneurship. However, of the people who immediately 1 to mind when one thinks of entrepreneurs——Bill Gates, Richard Branson or Oprah Winfrey, for example—few have done more than 2 a speech at a business school. 3 , a recent study by King's College in London has suggested what many intuitively 4 : that entrepreneurship may actually be in the blood—more to do with genes than classroom experience. All of which 5 the question—does an entrepreneur really need a business-school education? Not surprisingly some of the best-known schools in the field have a 6 answer to this: they don't actually profess to create entrepreneurs, 7 they nurture innate ability. Or as Timothy Faley of the entrepreneurial institute at Michigan's Ross School of Business 8 it: “A good idea is not enough. You need to know how to 9 a good idea into a good business.” Schools do this in a number of ways. One is to 10 that faculty are a mix of classic academics and businesspeople with experience of 11 their own successful firms. They can also create “incubators” where students 12 ideas and rub shoulders on a day-to-day basis with the external business world, receiving both advice and hard cash in the form of investment. Arguably such help is now more important than ever. The modern entrepreneur is faced with a more 13 world than when Richard Branson began by selling records out of a phone box. According to Patrice Houdayer, head of one of Europe's best-known entrepreneurship schools, EMIYON in France, new businesses used to move through a 14 series of growth steps—what he terms garage, local, national and international. Now however, 15 the communications revolution, they can leapfrog these stages and go global more or less straightaway—encountering a whole new 16 of problems and challenges. In this 17 Professor Houdayer maintains that the increasingly 18 nature of MBA classes can help the nascent entrepreneur in three ways: by plugging them into an international network of contacts and advisors, by preparing them for the pitfalls and opportunities 19 with dealing across different cultures and by 20 them to the different ways that business is conducted around the globe.
记单词只有一种方法——按照艾宾浩斯周期的不断重复！艾宾浩斯周期的标准速度是一天花3个小时背下3个新的List，每一个list大致有150个单词，因此有些词汇书如果不是这样划分list，我们可以自己来重新划分。以这样的标准第一遍背一页单词（10个左右）需要5分钟。这时第一个记忆周期已到，请同学们在背下一页前，立即返回第一个单词，把这10个单词迅速复习一遍。因为此时对单词的记忆程度在90％以上，所以只需要几十秒钟，但是对于记忆这些单词所起的作用是极大的。第二页也是如法炮制。用这种方法背过6页以后，第二个记忆周期（30分钟）已到，立即从第一页开始复习。由于这些单词刚刚背过两遍，所以这一遍复习也只需要三分钟。然后用同样的方法背7～12页。整个List大约一个小时。小宝老师对艾宾浩斯周期做了一个小的修订，非常适合我们白天还要上课的大学生或者中学生。也就是每天早上看完3个list之后，在花30分钟左右把三个单元快速的过一遍，不要强求自己记住，不可能，只是为了晚上的复习进行一次预复习状态，因为我经过测试发现，艾宾浩斯周期最理想的操作环境是纯脱产状态，而大学生白天还有大量的课程，实验等等，因此早上的3个单元的全部先快速过一遍非产有利于强化和抗遗忘。 用以上的方法背过的单词一定会记得很牢固。因为这种方法不但利用及时的复习改造了遗忘曲线，延缓了遗忘速度，而且基本上克服了前摄抑制和后摄抑制的影响。 建议大家选择上午特别是早晨的时间来背新单词，因为此时人的
生物节律处于最高峰背单词的记忆力最好，而且也不存在对日常琐事 的前摄干扰。到了晚上，也就是背过单词的12个小时之后，到了第三 个记忆周期，一定要复习今天新背过的单词。复习只需要第一遍背单 词的不到三分之一的时间，即每个List小于或等于20分钟，3个List 在50～60分钟之间。 整个背单词的过程需要背词者有一个严格的时间表。下面的时间 表就是参照新东方著名教学专家杨鹏老师的《17天搞定GRE单词》的艾宾浩斯周期表计划，因为俞敏洪先生的经典著作《GRE词汇精选》（红宝书）是51个单元，但是艾宾浩斯周期是所有记忆的周期， 因此适用于所有阶段的单词记忆，只不过单元数多还是少的问题，因 此对于考研词汇，托福词汇，四六级词汇均适用，大家只是自行增减 单元个数，来制定一个相应的艾宾浩斯单词记忆和复习周期： 晚上6点——9点，3小时内背 早上课前7点半到8点，半个小时复习 单词背诵周期表 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 L1-3 L4-6 L7-9 L10-12 L13-15 L16-18 L19-21 ·L1-3 ·L1-3 ·L4-6 ·L1-3 ·L4-6 ·L7-9 ·L10-12 ·L4-6 ·L7-9 ·L7-9 ·L10-12 ·L13-15 ·L16-18 ·L10-12 ·L13-15 ·L16-18 ·L19-21 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 L22-24 L25-27 L28-30 L31-33 L34-36 L37-39 L40-42
博士研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及详解（12） SECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20%) （略） SECTION ⅡSTRUCTUREAND VOCABULARY (35%) Part A Directions: Questions 31-40 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 31. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent ______. A. it is the American antelope C. being the American antelope B. is the American antelope D. the American antelope is 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个大陆草地典型居住者是美洲羚羊。本句是倒装句结构。 32. In order to remain in existence ______ must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable. A. a profit-making organization
英语（二）模拟试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points) Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their personal data. The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users’ trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social networks in America. The regulator’s findin gs come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week. Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law”. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 . The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s boss, tried to17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes” were 18 the social network’s “good history” on privac y. The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers’ approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years. There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers’ privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate. 1. [A] setting [B] playing [C] lighting [D] turning 2. [A] craft [B] documentary [C] trade [D] draft 3. [A] verdicts [B] allegations [C] rumors [D] affirmation 4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses 5. [A] impulse [B] initiative [C] innovation [D] motion 6. [A] increase [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appearance 7. [A] indispensable [B] essential [C] critical [D] fundamental 8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove 9. [A] controversy [B] competition [C] dispute [D] compromise
【红宝书】考研英语词汇 基础词 Unit 4 bath 洗澡，淋浴；浴室 bathe 弄湿；游泳，洗澡 batch 一批，一组，一群 acquaint 使认识，使了解 acquaintance 熟悉，了解；熟人 across 横越，穿过；在……对面 satisfaction 满意，满足；乐事，愉快 satisfactory 令人满意的，可喜的，恰当的 satisfy 满意，使满意；使确信 satire 讽刺，讽刺作品 saturate 使饱和，浸透，使充满 sauce 酱汁，调味汁；无礼，莽撞 saucer 茶托，碟子 sausage 香肠，腊肠 saw 锯子；锯，锯开 scan 细看，审视；浏览，扫描 scandal 民愤；引起公愤的举动；丑闻；诽谤 scar 疤，疤痕；精神上的创伤 scarce 缺乏的，不足的；稀少的，罕见的 scarcely 几乎不，简直没有，勉强；决不 scare 惊吓，恐惧 scarf 围巾，头巾 scatter 撒播；消散，驱散 scenario 可能发生的事，可能出现的情况 scent 气味，香味；香水 scholar 学者 scholarship 奖学金；学问，学识 school 学校；学院；学派，流派 tablet 药片；碑，匾 taboo 禁忌，戒律；避讳 tackle 用具，装备；对付，处理，解决 tactics 策略，战术 tag 标签，货签 tailor 裁缝；缝制；使适应 tale 故事，传说 tame 平淡的；驯服的；温顺的；驯服；控制，抑制 tan 棕黄色，黄褐色；棕黄色的，棕褐色的 tangle 绞在一起，乱作一团；混乱状态 tank 坦克 tanker 油船，油轮，油罐车；坦克手 tap （水、煤气等管道或容器的）龙头，阀门，塞子；轻扣；窃听
考研英语段落排序题全真模拟试一
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考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习一 Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A] On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, the electors who have been chosen in November assemble in their respective state capitals to signal their preference. The future president and vice-president must receive at least 270 electoral votes, a majority of the total of 538, to win. Members of the electoral college have the moral, but not the legal, obligation to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state. This moral imperative, plus the fact that electors are members of the same political party as the presidential candidate winning the popular vote, ensures that the outcome in the electoral college is a valid reflection of the popular vote in November. [B] It is even possible for someone to win the popular vote, yet lost the presidency to another candidate. How? It has to do with the electoral college. [C] The electoral college was created in response to a problem encountered during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where delegates were trying to determine the best way to choose the president. The framers of the Constitution intended that the electors, a body of men chosen for their wisdom, should come together and choose on behalf of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political parties guaranteed that the electoral of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political guaranteed that the electoral system never worked as the framers had intended; instead, national parties, i. e. nationwide alliances of local interests, quickly came to dominate the election campaigns. The electors became mere figureheads representing the state branches of the parties who got them chosen, and their votes were predetermined and predictable. [D] How are the electors chosen? Although there is some variation among states in how electors are appointed, generally they are chosen by the popular vote, always on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Each political party in a state chooses a state of local worthies to be members of the electoral college if the party’s presidential candidate wins at least a plurality of the popular vote in the state. [E] How is the number of electors decided? Every state has one elector for each senator and representative it sends to Congress. States with greater populations therefore have more electors in the electoral college. All states have at least 3 electors, but California, the most populous state, has 54. The District of Columbia, though not a state, is also allowed to send three electors.
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！ 第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语翻译模拟练习题（2） There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (1) (But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions —a factor that academic critics rarely take into account.) Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (2) (Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. )By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man ” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (3)( At his parents ’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere ”.) During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (4) (By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. )“I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn ’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I ’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (5)( I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader —Joyce, Kafka, Mann —so I detached myself from my work.) I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —meaning something that wasn ’t science fiction —and I kept telling them, “ When I ’m financially secure.” 答案 1.但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关——一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。 2.还不到四十岁，西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍，而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚，毫无掩饰。 3.在他双亲的敦促下，他报考了哥伦比亚大学，所以即便最糟他也能进入新闻学校，“将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作。” 4.到大四结束的时候，他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美元了，而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求。 5.我知道我写不出作为读者的我所喜欢的东西，就像乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么关注我所写的东西。 总体分析 本文介绍了科幻小说家罗伯特·西尔弗伯格。文章先指出科幻小说的繁荣与市场需求关系紧密，接着通过介绍多产的科幻小说家西尔弗伯格的创作经历予以说明。 本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、比较结构、同位语、上下文中词义的选择，等。