工程应用英语
Professional English Test A
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20’)
1.Engineering is a profession, which means that an engineer must have a specialized ___d___ education.
a. elementary school
b. high school
c. middle school
d. university
2. Computer programming is now included in almost all engineering ___b___.
a. courses
b. curricula
c. lessons
d. areas
3. Current trend is to require students to take courses in the ___c___ science and the language arts.
a. computer
b. chemical
c. social
d. biology
4. Active ____b__ for engineers often begins before the student?s last year in the university.
a. employ
b. recruiting
c. hire
d. firing
5. Indeed, the civil engineer?s choice is ____c__ and varied.
a. small
b. fine
c. large
d. tiny
6. Computers can?t solve complicated problems unless they are given ___d___.
a. a good air-condition
b. a young civil engineer
c. a good computer engineer
d. a good program
7. Construction can be very _____.
a. dangerous
b. safe
c. easy
d. secure
8. Civil engineering projects are almost always ______.
a. distinctive
b. the similar
c. alike
d. the same
9. Thrust is the pressure exerted by each part of a structure on ______.
a. its other part
b. itself
c. the wall
d. the ground
10.The weight of all the people, cars, furniture, and machines and so on that the structure will support when it is in use is ______.
a. dead load
b. live load
c. impact
d. safety factor
11.In tension, the material is ______.
a. pressed
b. pulled apart
c. pushed
d. compressed
12.______ force acts up and down.
a. vertical
b. horizontal
c. rotating motion
d. turning motion
13.Both ______, the two most important construction materials of modern times, were introduced in the nineteenth century.
a. steel and cement
b. wood and brick
c. stone and tile
d. ash and plastic
14.The transit is used to measure angles in both vertical and horizontal planes, and the level to measure ___c__.
a. distances
b. central angles
c. elevation difference
d. length
15.Electronic distance measuring(EDM) not only can measure the distance between objects but also determine ___a___.
a. the direction
b. the size
c. the frequency
d. the width
16.Prestressed concrete is an ___b___ form of reinforcement.
a. original
b. improved
c. same
d. low
17.A simple contract consists of an agreement entered into by ___d____.
a. engineers
b. one party
c. company
d. two or more parties
18.___b___ change would result in differential settlement or swell between adjacent areas.
a. weight
b. volume
c. area
d. no
19.There are two basic procedures for controlling the embankment density: …manner and method? and …____a__?.
a. result
b. combination
c. layer thickness
d. moisture control
20.A main source of accidents, the problem of ___b___ driving is the most serious of all.
a. drink
b. drinking
c. drunken
d. drank
Part II Filling Blanks (10’)
21. Engineers often work as _____consultants____ to architectural or construction firms.
22. Young engineers may choose to go into __environmental_____or sanitary engineering.
23. When planning a structure, an engineer must take into account four factors: dead load, ______live load_______, impact and
safety factor.
24. One party to the contract is _____liable_____ for breach of contract if he fails to perform his part of the agreement.
25. _______clearing____ the site precedes all grading and most other construction operations.
26. Loose rock includes materials such as ________weathered or totten_______________ rock, or earth mixed with boulders.
27. No attempt was made to control _____moisture______ content or to secure compaction.
28. The _____rearview_______ of windshield wipers, fresh air ventilating systems, had result in greater vehicle safety.
29. The safe performance of the brake system has been ensured by the use of _____heavy duty________ brake fluid.
30. Relocation and reduction in height of the brake ____pedal_______ has meant that the driver?s total reaction time has been
reduced.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40’)
Passage One
Research is one of the most important aspects of scientific and engineering practice. A researcher usually works as a member of a team with other scientists and engineers. He or she is often employed in a laboratory that is financed by government or industry. Areas of research connected with civil engineering include soil mechanics and soil stabilization techniques, and also the development and the testing of new structural materials.
31. Research is one of ___b___ aspects of scientific and engineering practice.
a. the most useless
b. the most important
c. the most unnecessary
32. A researcher is often employed __c____.
a. on a farm
b. in a library
c. in a laboratory
33. A researcher usually works as a member of a team with __c____.
a. farmers and scientists
b. engineers and farmers
c. scientists and engineers
34. Which of the following is true?
a. Civil engineering research doesn?t include only soil mechanics and soil stabilization, but also the development of new
structural materials
b. Civil engineering research doesn?t include soil mechanics and soil stabilization
c. Civil engineering research doesn?t include the development of new structural materials
Passage Two
The current tendency is to develop lighter materials. Aluminum, for example, weighs much less than steel but has many of the same properties. Aluminum beams have already been used for bridge construction and for the framework of a few buildings. Attempts are also being made to produce concrete with more strength and durability, and with a lighter weight. One system that helps cut concrete weight to some extent uses polymers, which are long chainlike compounds used in plastics, as part of the mixture.
35. The current trend of structural materials is ___b____.
a. to develop heavier materials
b. to develop lighter materials
c. to develop less materials
36. Aluminum weighs ___a____.
a. much less than steel
b. the same as steel
c. much heavier than steel
37. Aluminum has ____c___.
a. no properties of steel
b. few properties of steel
c. many of the same properties of steel
38. Which of the following is true?
a. Aluminum beams can?t be used for bridge construction
b. Aluminum beams can be used for not only bridge construction but also the framework of a few buildings
c. Aluminum beams can?t be used for the framework of a few buildings
Passage Three
Steel and concrete also complement each other in another way: they have almost the same rate of contraction and expansion. They therefore can work together in situations where both compression and tension are factors. Steel rods are embedded in concrete to make reinforced concrete in concrete beams or structures where tension will develop. Concrete and steel also form such a strong bonds—the force that unites them—that the steel cannot slip within the concrete. Still another advantage is that steel does not rust in concrete. Acid corrodes steel, whereas concrete has an alkaline chemical reaction, the opposite of acid.
39. Steel and concrete have ____c__.
a. different rate of contraction
b. different rate of expansion
c. almost the same rate of contraction and expansion
40. Reinforced concrete is ___a___.
a. steel rods which are embedded in concrete beams
b. concrete which is embedded in steel rods
c. steel rods which react with concrete
41. Which of the following is true?
a. steel can rust in concrete
b. concrete can corrode steel
c. steel does not rust in concrete
42. Concrete has ___b__.
a. some kind of chemical that corrodes steel
b. an alkaline chemical reaction, the opposite of acid
c. some kind of acid
Passage Four
The employer or promoter of civil engineering works normally determines the conditions of contract, which define the obligations and performances by some form of competitive tendering and any contractor who submits a successful tender and subsequently enters into a contract is deemed in law to have voluntarily accepted the conditions of contract adopted by the promoter.
The obligations that a contractor accepts when he submits a tender are determined by the form of the invitation to tender. In most cases the tender may be withdrawn at any time until it has been accepted and may, even then, be withdrawn if the acceptance is stated by the promoter to be …subject to formal contract? as is often the case.
43. The conditions of contract are normally determined by ___c___.
a. the government official
b. the contractor
c. the promoter
44. This conditions define the obligations and performances to which __c____ will be subject.
a. the employer
b. the official
c. the contractor
45. The obligations that ___c___ accepts when he submits a tender are determined by the form of the invitation to the tender.
a. the employer
b. the auditor
c. the contractor
46. in most cases the tender may be withdrawn at any time until ___b___.
a. the promoter has enough money
b. it has been accepted
c. the tender approved by the government
Passage Five
Materials are usually described as …rock?, …loose rock?, or …common?, with …common? signifying all material not otherwise classified. Rock, sometimes called …solid rock?, nearly always must be drilled and blasted, then loaded with a front-end loader or power shovel into trucks or other hauling units. Blasted rock may be moved or drifted for short distances by means of a bulldozer, which is, in effect, a huge tractor-mounted blade. Loose rock often is dug with loaders or shovels without any previous blasting.
47. According to the passage, which material signifying all material not otherwise classified.
a. loose rock
b. common
c. rock
48. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. rock, is sometimes called …solid rock?
b. rock, is sometimes called …loose rock?
c. rock, is usually called …hard rock
49. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
a. loose rock nearly always must be drilled and blasted
b. loose rock is often dug without any previous blasting
c. blasted rock may be moved for long distances by bikes
50. Loose rock often is dug with ______ without any previous blasting.
a. track or ripper
b. loaders or shovels
c. roller or bulldozer
Part IV Translate the sentences into Chinese (15’)
51. Engineering graduates have to pass an examination, similar to the bar examinations for a lawyer.工程专业的毕业生必需通
过考试，就类似于律师要通过职业考试一样
52. Conventional ground surveys were the original location techniques available to highway engineers until developments in
electronics. The most important equipments used were the transit, the level, and the tape. 最初的公路定位技术一直使用传统地面测量技术直到电子技术的发明为止。这些重要的设备是经纬仪、水准仪、和卷尺。
53.If a beam supports a load above, the beam itself must have sufficient strength to counterbalance that weight. 一旦梁上面
有负载，那么这根梁必需有足够的强度来支撑这个负载。
54.An urban transportation system is a basic component of an urban area?s social, economic, and physical structure. 城市的
交通系统是城市的社会、经济和物质结构的基本组成成分。
55.Selection of equipment depends on the nature of the material, how far it is to be moved, and the method of disposal. 设备
的选择要看材料的特性、运输距离的远近和处理的方法
另加
1. The student who is preparing to become a civil engineer may deal with such subjects as geodetic surveying.
想当工程师的学生或许会要学大地测量这门课程。
56.On-the-job training can be acquired that will demonstrate his or her ability to translate theory into practice
to the supervisor.0在职场培训中要求，能使主管人了解他（她）的能力。
Part V Translate the following into English (15’)
57.由于施工会很危险，所以安全因素必须考虑在内。Safety factors must also be taken into consideration account ,since
construction can be very dnagerous
58.当然，计算机能比人更快捷、精确地解决许多有关计算问题。Computer, of course ,can somlve many problems
involving calculations with greater speed and acuracy than a human being
59.承包商必须按照合同的条款履行自己的责任。The conditions of contract define the obligations and performances to
which the contractor will be subject
60.推土机、铲运机和自卸汽车的经济运距各不相同。The economical haul distances of bulldozers ,scrapers and dump
trucks are different
61.交通事故的原因主要包括人、车辆、道路和环境因素。A traffic accident denotes the event in which personal injury
or death or property damage is caused by cehicles in trafic
Professional English Test B
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20’)
https://www.doczj.com/doc/805456813.html,puters are ___b_____ unless they are given clear and accurate instructions and information.
a. used
b. useless
c. useful
d. uselessly
2. The relationship between engineering and society is getting ____c____.
a. higher
b. farther
c. closer
d. lower
3. For the student who is preparing to become a ____c____ engineer, these specialized courses may deal with such subjects as
geodetic surveying, soil mechanics.
a. computer
b. social
c. civil
d. chemical
4. The civil engineer may work in research, design, construction, ____b____, maintenance, or even in sales.
a. analysis
b. supervision
c. plan
d. fee
5. Civil engineers work on many different kinds of ____c____.
a. buildings
b. projects
c. structures
d. roads
6. In designing buildings, civil engineers often work as ___b_____ to architectural or construction firms.
a. workers
b. consultants
c. employee
d. students
7. Dams, bridges and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers whose work is coordinated by a ______d__
engineer who is in charge of the entire project.
a. main
b. chief
c. master
d. system
8. Construction is a _____b___ process on almost all engineering projects.
a. simple
b. complicated
c. easy
d. likely
9. In compression, the material is ____c____ together.
a. stretched
b. apart
c. pushed
d. tense
10.When a saw cuts easily through a piece of wood, the wood is ___a_____.
a. in tension
b. in compression
c. in press
d. in push
11.We defined ___d_____ as the tendency of a material to fracture along the lines of stress.
a. tension
b. compression
c. push
d. shear
12.The principal construction materials of earlier times were wood and ___c_____,
stone, or tile, and similar materials.
a. steel
b. aluminum
c. masonry brick
d. plastic
13.Modern cement is a mixture of ___b_____.
a. bricks
b. limestone and clay
c. wood and ash
d. plastic
14.Concrete is very ____d____.
a. constant
b. the same
c. definite
d. versatile
15.Steel has great tensile strength while concrete has great compressive strength, thus, the two substances _____c___ each
other.
a. counteract
b. offset
c. complement
d. nullify
16.One system that helps ___a_____ concrete weight to some extent uses polymers.
a. cut
b. accelerate
c. add
d. keep
17. The retention money serves to insure ___d_____ against any defects that may arise in the work.
a. the manager
b. the contractor
c. the carrier
d. the employer
18.The civil engineering work must be completed to the satisfaction of the employer, or his ____d____.
a. wife
b. friend
c. lawyer
d. representative
19.For moderate and longer hauls, self-loading scrapers pulled by rubber-tired hauling units and push-loaded by tractors offer
___b_____ cost.
a. higher
b. lower
c. the same
d. different
20.Highway maintenance activities can be grouped and classified according ____d____
the purpose of the treatment.
a. with
b. for
c. forward
d. to
Part II Filling Blanks (10’)
21.Areas of research connected with civil engineering include soil mechanics and ________soil
stabilization_____________________________ techniques.
22.Modren cement, called _____________portland cement________________, was invented in 1824.
23.Material for embankment commonly comes from roadway cuts or designated ____________borrow
areas_________________________.
24.Causes of automobile accidents can be categorized into four major groups: the vehicles, the road, the driver, the
______pedestrian___________.
25.Another improvement in driver visibility is the introduction of the remote-controlled outside ________rearview________
mirror.
26.Rock nearly always must be drilled and blasted, then loaded with a front-end loader or ________power
shovel________________ into trucks or other hauling units.
27.The three forces that can act on a structure are ___vertical force_____________________, horizontal force, and those that
act upon it with a rotating or turning motion.
28.Highway pavement are divided into two main categories: ________rigid________ and flexible.
29.Flexible pavements are further divided into three subgroups: high type, ____intermediate type____, and low type.
30.The constructing steps of the transportation system are to plan, design, build, operate and ___maintain__________.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40’)
Passage One
In the university, mathematics, physics, and chemistry are heavily emphasized throughout the engineering curriculum, but particularly in the first two or three years. Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering, so it is greatly stressed. Today, mathematics includes courses in statistics, which deals with gathering, classifying, and using numerical data, or pieces of information. An important aspect of statistical mathematics is probability, which deals with what may happen when there are different factors, or variables, that can change the results of a problem. Before the construction of a bridge is undertaken, for example, a statistical study is made of the amount of traffic the bridge will be expected to handle. In the design of the bridge, variables such as water pressure on the foundations, impact, the effects of different wind forces, and many other factors must be considered.
31.Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering so _____a_______.
a. it is greatly stressed
b. it is nearly stressed
c. it is not stressed
32.Statistics deals with ______b______.
a. listening and speaking
b. gathering, classifying and using pieces of information
c. reading and writing
33.An important aspect of statistical mathematics is _____a____________.
a. probability
b. different factors
c. variables
34.Which is the main meaning of the passage?
a. physics is very important in all branches of engineering
b. mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering
c. chemistry is very important in all branches of engineering
Passage Two
Civil engineering projects are almost unique; that is, each has its own problems and design features. Therefore, careful study is given to each project even before design work begins. The study includes a survey both of topography and subsoil features of the proposed site. It also includes a consideration of possible alternatives, such as a concrete gravity dam or an earth-fill embankment dam. The economic factors involved in each of the possible alternatives must also be weighed. Today, a study usually includes a consideration of the environmental impact of the project. Many engineers, usually working as a team that includes surveyors, specialists in soil mechanics, and experts in design and construction, are involved in making these feasibility studies.
35.Civil engineering projects are ____a__________.
a. almost always distinctive
b. the similar
c. alike
36.Each project _____c_______ before design work begins
a. may not be considered
b. can?t be studied
c. must be studied carefully
37.The study, which must consider not only structural features but also economic factors and possible alternatives or other choices, is called _____b________.
a. system engineering
b. feasibility study
c. structural design
38.Which of the following is true?
a. today civil engineering project need consider the environmental impact of the project
b. today the study about civil engineering project needn?t consider the environmental impact of the project
c. today the study about civil engineering project needn?t consider the resource impact of the project
Passage Three
Clearing the site precedes all grading and most other construction operations. Site clearing in rural areas may sometimes merely require that glass, shrubs, and other plants or crops be removed. However, it sometimes can involve removing trees and tree stumps and disposing of the debris. The accepted procedure is to remove practically all vegetable matter from the original
ground and from fill material, since, if allowed to remain; it may decay and leave voids that result in settlement. Selective clearing in adjoining areas may at times be required.
39.According to the passage, which is the main topic?
a. excavation
b. site clearing
c. embankment
40.According to the passage, ______c_____ is NOT be removed in rural areas.
a. shrubs
b. crops
c. earth
41.If all vegetable remained, ______c______.
a. it may cause shortage of vegetable in the market
b. the vegetable grow fast
c. it may decay and leave voids
42.Sometimes it is required clearing______a______.
a. adjacent areas
b. far areas
c. rural areas
Passage Four
Vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the driver and his passengers in case an accident occurs due to some other failure in the highway system. Examples of this type of design are safety belts and shoulder harnesses, safer door latches, non-shattering windshields, and energy absorbing steering columns. Improvements are made constantly in the parts of a vehicle which are obvious to the driver. These parts include windshield wipers, headlamps, brakes, steering suspension, and the exhaust system. The introduction of front and rear directional signals contributes greatly to motor vehicle safety. Stop lights, backup lights, and four-way emergency flashers also aid in vehicle safety. Four-way emergency flashers have become standard equipment for vehicles.
43.According to the passage, which is NOT mentioned?
a. safety belts
b. safer door latches
c. brake pedal
44.According to the passage, which become standard equipment for vehicles?
a. four-way emergency flashers
b. guard rail
c. ventilating system
45.Which of the following is true?
a. Vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the passengers and the vehicles
b. Vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the passengers and the persons who drives the vehicles
c. Vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the passengers and the pedestrians
46.According to the passage, which design is described?
a. vehicular safety
b. vehicular structure
c. vehicular power
Passage Five
In the 1930s engineers found that superior embankments could be constructed by spreading the material in relatively thin layers and compacting it at moisture content close to optimum. The improvement resulted largely because greater density was obtained, which resulted in higher “strength” in the soil mass and in decreased settlement and rutting. Layered construction also produced greater uniformity in the material itself and in its density and moisture content. This was beneficial since any subsequent consolidation or swelling would be relatively uniform.
47.In the 1930s engineers found embankments could be constructed by___________.
a. compacting it at density and spreading the material in relatively thick layers
b. compacting it at a moisture content and spreading the material in relatively thin layers
c. compacting it at borrow area
48.According to the passage, which cause higher “strength”?
a. greater density was obtained
b. moisture content close to minimum
c. more material was used
49.Which of the following is true?
a. layered construction produced greater difference in the material and etc.
b. layered construction produced greater disagreement in its density
c. layered construction produced greater unanimity in its density and moisture content
50.Which of the following words is the closest meaning of …optimum??
a. worst
b. best
c. different
Part IV Translate the Sentences into Chinese (15’)
51.The structural design of any structure first involves the establishment of the load and other design conditions that must be resisted by the structure and therefore must be considered in its design.任何结构的设计首先应包含确定荷载和其他设计因素，这些因素由结构来抵抗，因此在设计中必需考虑
52.The preliminary reconnaissance will have established primary and secondary controls for one or more feasible routes and will have fixed each location within a band of limited width, possibly within a few hundred feet.前期的踏勘工作要建立一条或几条可能路线的主要控制点和次要控制点，并且在有限宽度地带内，可能在几百英尺范围内，确定每条路线的位置。
53.Construction plans and specifications stipulate many requirements that are to be met by materials or construction procedures.
施工计划和条例必需满足材料和施工的程序要求。
54.Average car occupancy in most cities is less than 1.5 persons per vehicle.在大多数城市一般小车平均载人少于一点五
人。
55.At many structure sites the field investigations indicate that channel relocations and improvements above and below the structure may provide a better situation from the hydraulic standpoint.在许多结构物位置，现场调查指出改渠和改善结构物的上下游，从水力学的观点看，可能提供一种更好的情况、
Part V Translate the Sentences into English (15’)
56.排水构筑物可以分为主要构筑物和次要构筑物。Drainage structures may be divided into major and ninor structure
57.公路定线包括现有资料的室内研究、路线踏勘测量、初步定线和最终定线。The high location involves four phases ;office study of existing information, reconnaissence of survey of routes , preliminary location, and final location
58.发货人和旅行者根据所提供的服务水平选择交通运输方式。The shipper and travelers choose transportation modes in terms of level of service provided
59.钢和混凝土有几乎相同的收缩率和膨胀率。Steel and concrete have almost the same rate of contraction and expension
60.土石方设备的选择主要决定于材料的性质和运距。The selection of earth working equipments is primarily depended on the nature of the materials and the haul distances
Professional English Test C
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20’)
1. In most cases, the tender may be ___b___ at any time until it has been accepted.
a. confirmed
b. withdrawn
c. admitted
d. continued
2. The law relating to contracts imposes on each party to a contract ___b___ to perform.
a. an irksome task
b. an easy experiment
c. a good plan
d. a legal obligation
3. Types of contracts are virtually classified by their __d____ system: (1) price-based and (2) cost-based.
a. construction
b. design
c. tender
d. payment
4. Roadbeds ___b___ highway pavement structures and the ballast and track on which trains move.
a. lie above
b. underlie
c. lie left
d. lie right
5. In recent years, rippers have been used successfully to ___c___ loose or fractured rock.
a. break down
b. break even
c. break up
d. break away
6. Where material is moved less than about 60m or steeply downhill, drifting with a track or wheel type bulldozer is ___a___.
a. cheapest
b. expensive
c. unknown
d. the same
7. Usually there are ___c___ easy answer on equipment selection.
a. some
b. many
c. no
d. much
8. In fills constructed by end dumping or by placing in thick layers, material, density, and moisture content could ___c___ greatly from one spot to another.
a. be the same
b. be alike
c. vary
d. be equal
9. Layered construction also produced greater uniformity in the material _____d_ and in its density and moisture content.
a. himself
b. myself
c. themselves
d. itself
10.The actual cost of any single highway traffic accident is extremely ___c___ to determine.
a. easy
b. liable
c. difficult
d. apt
11.Basically, causes of automobile accidents can be categorized ___d___ four major groups.
a. in
b. to
c. on
d. into
12.The __b____ vehicle is a creator of accidents.
a. advantage
b. defective
c. merit
d. failure
13.___a___ the recent improvement in visibility are wraparound windshields and narrowed roof support pillars.
a. Two of
b. Of two
c. Two
d. Two, of
14.There is a great deal that the actual highway designer can ___c___ prevent accident.
a. do
b. to do
c. do to
d. to
15.To avoid the driving after drinking, one of the methods is b______.
a. law study
b. breath test
c. take an exam
d. driving study
16.It is suitable for remote sensing technique to be used for highway location in __c_____.
a. tropical rain forest
b. areas between tall buildings
c. mountainous country without forest
d. plains with uniform shade
17.The information on the aerial photographs can be converted into maps with the help of stereoscopes which is able to see objects in ___c____.
a. one dimension
b. two dimensions
c. three dimensions
d. all directions
18.The normal steel does not exert any force of its own on the member, ____b__ to the action of prestressing steel.
a. similar
b. contrary
c. comparable
d. likely
19.The extensive use of prestressed structures has been due in __c____ small measures to the advances in the technology.
a. no
b. so
c. such
d. some
20.The employer selects the contractor for the project by ___d___.
a. tender
b. advertisement
c. government
d. bidding
Part II Filling the Blanks (10’)
21.The unit price contract is adapted to highway engineering, because usually it is not possible to determine exact quantities of some items of work ___when______ construction is completed.
22.The word …contract? is derived from the Latin …contractum?, meaning ___drawn________
Together.
23.As a structural material, the enormous advantage of steel is its ____tensile strenght___________.
24.___________highway transportation_________________ is the dominant transportation mode in passenger travel.
25.The Portland cement concrete commonly used for rigid pavements consists of Portland cement, coarse aggregate,__________fine aggregate_____________, water.
26.Rigid highway pavement can be divided into three general types: plain concrete pavements, simply reinforced concrete and _____continuously reinforced concrete pavement__________________________.
27.The simplest and generally least costly form of interchange is the ______diamond_______.
28.If distances are great and time is at a premium, ___air_____ transportation will be selected.
29.Signing for freeways should be planned concurrently with the _____geometric______ design.
30.Major drainage structures are usually large bridges and multi-span ____culvers_________.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40’)
Passage One
Altogether, three forces can act on a structure: vertical—those that act up or down; horizontal—those that act sideway; and those that act upon it with a rotating or turning motion. Forces that act at an angle are combination of horizontal and vertical forces. Since the structures designed by civil engineers are intended to be stationary or stable, these forces must be kept in balance. The vertical forces, for example, must be equal to each other. If a beam supports a load above, the beam itself must have sufficient strength to counterbalance that weight. The horizontal forces must also equal each other so that there is not too much thrust either to the right or to the left. And forces that might pull the structure around must be countered with forces that pull in the opposite direction.
31.Horizontal forces ____b____.
a. act up or down
b. act sideways
c. act upon it with rotating or turning motion
32.Forces acting at an angle are combination of ____a____.
a. horizontal and vertical forces
b. horizontal and rotating forces
c. turning and vertical forces
33.The horizontal forces must equal each other so that ____c____.
a. there is not too much thrust either to up or to down
b. there is not too much thrust either rotating or turning
c. there is not too much thrust either to the right or to the left
34.Which of the following is true?
a. three forces acting on a structure need not be kept in balance
b. three forces acting on a structure must be kept in balance
c. three forces acting on a structure must be less
Passage Two
We all enter into contracts almost every day for the supply of goods, transportation and similar service, and in all these instances we are quite willing to pay for the services we receive. Our needs in these cases are comparatively simple and we do not need to enter onto lengthy or complicated negotiations and no written contract is normally executed. Nevertheless, each party to the contract has agrees to do something, and is liable for breach of contract if he fails to perform his part of the agreement.
In general, English law require no special formalities in making contracts but, for various reasons, some contracts must be made in a particular form to be enforceable and , if they are not made in that special way, then they will be ineffective. Notable among these contracts are contracts for the sale and disposal of land, and …land?, for this purpose, includes anything built on the land, as, for example, roads, bridges and other structures.
35. Which of the following is true?
a. we all enter into contracts almost everyday.
b. we don?t enter into any contract.
c. only teachers enter into contracts.
36. We enter into contracts for the supply of goods and transportation, in this case ___.
a. we need to enter into lengthy negotiations.
b. we should prepare for long time.
c. we don?t need to enter into lengthy negotiations.
37. The contracts for the sale and disposal of land _______.
a. require no special formalities.
b. must be made in a particular form.
c. should be written in two texts of English and Chinese.
38. Two parties of the contract have agreed to do something if one party fails to perform his part of the agreement, then _______.
a. it is nothing to do with him.
b. he can declare the contract invalid himself.
c. he is liable for breach of contract.
Passage Three
That work must be completed to the satisfaction of the employer, or his representatives, does not give the employer the right to demand an unusually high standard of quality throughout the works, in the absence of a prior express agreement. Otherwise the employer might be able to postpone indefinitely his liability to pay for the works. The employer is normally only entitled to expect a standard of work that would be regarded as reasonable by the competent persons with considerable experience in the class of work covered by the particular contract. The detailed requirements of the specification will have a considerable bearing on these matters.
39. The work must be completed to the satisfaction of _______.
a. the contractor.
b. the promoter or his representative.
c. the auditor.
40. It does not give the employer the right to demand _______.
a. an usually high standard of quality throughout the works.
b. an unusually high standard of quality throughout the works.
c. the Ministry standard of quality throughout the works.
41.The employer might be able to _______ his liability to pay for the works.
a. terminate immediately
b. postpone definitely
c. postpone indefinitely
42. A standard of work would be regarded as reasonable by _______.
a. employers.
b. top persons.
c. competent persons.
Passage Four
The importance of safety in all modes of transportation, especially highway safety is well recognized. Traffic accidents take a tremendous toll of human lives, personal property, and cause untold grief and misery. In 1978, there were a total of 18,300,000 highway traffic accidents. These accidents resulted in 49,400 deaths, 1,400,000 personal injuries, property damage of $16,900,000, and total costs of $34.3 billion. Of the 154,100,000 registered vehicles and 142,200,000 licensed drivers in 1978, 31,500,000 were involved in accidents; the accidents occurred during 1,520 billion miles (2,446 billion km).
43. According to the passage, the safety is well recognized, especially _______.
a. the highway safety.
b. the channel safety.
c. the subway safety.
44. Which is the best topic according to the passage?
a. traffic accidents take a tremendous toll of human lives and personal property.
b. the traffic accidents are very important thing we must consider.
c. statistical figures of accidents show.
45. According to this passage, how many licensed drivers are involved in accidents in 1978?
a. 49.400
b. 142,200,000
c. 31,500,000
46. According to this passage, how many persons were injured in 1978?
a. 18,300,000
b. 49,400
c. 1,400,000
Passage Five
The Federal Highway Administration requires each state to establish a highway safety improvement program from the standpoint of roadway design and control. The objectives of the program are to identify and eliminate hazardous locations on the state highway systems. The program provides for the correction of locations or elements which (a) are identified as hazardous by accident analysis, (b) can be expected to produce a measurable reduction in the number and severity of accidents, and (c) compare favorably with safety work for which the relation of reduction in accident costs to costs of improvement has been determined.
47. According to the passage, the Federal Highway Administration requires _______.
a. each state to make a highway regulation.
b. each state to establish a highway safety program.
c. each state to establish a highway safety law
48. The aid of the improvement program is to identify and eliminate _______.
a. hazardous feeder highway.
b. hazardous locations.
c. hazardous vehicles
49. According to the passage, the main topic is ________.
a. Federal Highway Administration set the highway safety program.
b. Federal Highway Administration set the railway safety program.
c. Federal Highway Administration set the railway fee program.
50. According to the passage, which of the following is Not true?
a. the correction of locations or elements can be expected not to produce.
b. the correction of locations or elements are identified as hazardous.
c. the correction of locations or elements compare favorably with safety work.
Part IV Translate the Sentences into Chinese (15’)
51. Easement curves have been used by the railroads for many years, but their adoption by highway agencies came much later.
铁路在很多年前就使用缓和曲线，但公路部门对他的采用却晚的多。
52. It is possible to reduce traffic congestion if peak period flows can be spread out over longer period of time.如果高峰时期的
可以延长更长一点时间的话就可以降低交通堵塞
53. The other is called “result”or “end result”, stipulates the desired end product and leaves manner and method to the
contractor.另一种称为结果和最终结果，规定预期的最终产品，将方式和方法留给承包商去选择
54. Signing for freeways should be planned concurrently with the geometric design.用于高速路的标志的设计与线性设计同
时进行
55. Also, considerable caution should be taken in dealing with the changing of natural water courses. Such an undertaking
requires thorough engineering analysis.而且在处理天然水道的改变时，应相当谨慎，采取这一行动要求进行全面的工程分析。
Part V Translate the Sentences into English (15’)
56. 涵洞采用不同的材料修建，并且形状也不同。Culverts are made of different materials and in different shapes.
57. 在立交中，车辆通过匝道来转换行驶方向。The vehicles in interchange may transfer their movement direction by the
use of tramps
58. 平面线形和竖向线形在初步设计阶段就必须一起考虑，不能分开。At the stage of prelimirary deisgn the horiaontal
and vertical alignment must be conidered together ,not separately
59. 踏勘测量的主要任务是在路线带内确定几条可行的路线，并把它绘在地图上。The primary object of reconnaissance
survey is to identify several feasible routes with a band ,then plotting photographic maps
60. 公路运输具有机动灵活并能提供门到门服务的特点。Highway transportation has the advantages of flexiility and ability
to provide door-to-door service
Part I Cloze Test Directions: This part, numbered 1 to 15, is to test your grammar and vocabulary ability. Each of the blanks (N0.1 to No.15) is followed by four choices of suggested choices marked A), B), C) and D). Make the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. A "dark horse "is one that shows unexpected racing speed and comes in first, 1 the experts said he had little chance of winning. In politics, an 2 candidate (候选人) for office who 3 a nomination(提名)or election is called a "dark horse". British Prime Minister Benjamin Disrael is believed to 4 the first to use the phrase. In his novel, "The Young Duke ", published in 1831, Disrael described a horse race and told how the two top choices fell 5 ,while "a dark horse "which had never been thought of rushing past the grandstand (看台)in a sweeping triumph. From racing to politics was a short step. As a political phrase, “dark horse ” 6 for the first time in the national Democratic Party congress of 1844. The "dark horse" was James Knox Polk who became the llth President of the United States. Polk had been the leader of the House of Representatives from 1835 to 1839. He had 7 been Governor of the state of Tennessee. But as a national leader, he was considered a political 8 . Nevertheless, he 9 won the Democratic nomination and was elected 10 .Martin Van Buren of New York, A former President, seemed sure of getting the nomination. But he opposed making the territory of Texas part of the United States as mother state. He was 11 it because there was slavery in Texas. Van Buren did not want another slave state in the Union. As a result, he 12 support among those Democrats who supported slavery. At the 1884 congress, Van Buren could not get enough votes to win the nomination. The congress got into 13 . Therefore, the Democratic leaders decided that the only wise thing would be to run a "dark horse ", 14 who could unite the party. And so, one of the party leaders, George Bancroft, proposed the name of James Knox Polk. He won, and the party 15 behind him, And he defeated his opponent , Henry Clay of the Whig Party. After the 1844 congress, the "dark horse "candidates became an established fact of national political life. One historian said, "The invention of the dark horse was in itself a remarkable product of our professional politics. "This made it possible for party leaders to choose candidates who were not tied to certain ideas. Therefore, they represented nothing and had developed few enemies. 1. A. so B. even though C. so that D. as if 2. A. unknown B. famous C. popular D. known 3. A. accepts B. looks forward to C. refuses D. wins 4. A. be B. being C. been D. have been
工程应用英语课程 一?单选题： materials of earlier times were language arts. wood and ( C. masonry brick ),stone. 24. The law relating to contracts 1. Computers are (B. useless) unless or tile, and similar materials. imposes on each party to a they are given clear and accurate 13. Modern cement is a mixture contract (D. a legal obligation ) to 2. Active (B. Recruiting ) for 14. Concrete is very (D. Versatile ) 25. Indeed, the civil engineer 's engineers often begins before the 15. Steel has great tensile strength choice is( C. large )and varied. student ' s last year in the while concrete has great 26. Roadbeds ( B. underlie ) highway university. compressive strength, thus, the two pavement structures and the 3. For the student who is preparing substances ( C. Complement )each ballast and track on which trains to become a (C. Civilengineer ), other. move. these specialized courses may deal 16. One system that helps (A. Cut) 27. Construction can be very (A. with such subjects as geodetic concrete weight to some extent dangerous ). surveying, soil mechanics. uses polymers. 28. Where material is moved less 4. The civil engineer may work in 17. The retention money serves to than about 60m or steeply downhill, research, design, construction,( B. insure (D. the employer )against drifting with a track or wheel type Supervision ), maintenance, or even any defects that may arise in the bulldozer is ( A. cheapest ) instructions and information. of( B. limestone and clay ). perform. in sales. work. 29. Thrust is the pressure exerted by different kinds of ( C. Structures ). be completed to the satisfaction of other part ) 6. In designing buildings, civil the employer, or his 30. The weight of all the people, engineers often work as (B. (D. Representative ) cars, furniture, and machines and Consultants ) to architectural or 19. For moderate and longer hauls, so on that the structure will support construction firms. self-loading scrapers pulled by when it is in use is ( B. live load ) 7. Dams, bridges and other large rubber-tired hauling units and 31. In tension, the material is(B projects ordinarily employ several push-loaded by tractors offer( B. pulled apart ) engineers whose work is Lower ) cost. 32. In fills constructed by end coordinated by a (D. Systems ) 20. Highway maintenance dumping or by placing in thick engineer who is in charge of the activities can be grouped and layers, material, density, and entire project. classified according (D. to )the moisture content could (C. vary : 8. Construction is a( B. Complicated ) purpose of the treatment. greatly from one spot to another. 5. Civil engineers work on must many process on almost all engineering 21. Engineering is profession, 33. Both ( A. steel and cement ),the a ) each part of a structure on (A. its 18. The civil engineering work projects. which means that an engineer two most important construction 9. In compression, the material is ( C. must have materials of modern times, were Pushed) together. specialized( university )educatio introduced in the nineteenth 10. When a saw cuts easily through n. century. a piece of wood, the wood is ( A. in 22. In most cases, the tender may 34. The total station is used to tension ). be( B . Withdrawn )at any time until it measure angles in both vertical 11. We defined (D. Shear) as the has been accepted. and horizontal planes, and the tendency of a material to fracture 23. Current trend is to require level to measure (C. elevation along the lines of stress. students to take courses in difference ) 12. The principal construction the( C.social) science and the 35. The (B. defective )vehicle is a
出国旅游常用英语 一、紧急情况用语 (3) 二、基本语 (3) 三、方向词语 (4) 四、请问如何前往 (4) 五、请问附近 (4) 六、游客问讯用语 (5) 七、购物 (7) 八、餐厅、挑选位子及人数 (9) 九、点餐 (10) 十、用餐 (10) 十一、速食餐厅用餐 (11) 十二、食物 (11) 十三、住宿 (15) 十四、出国旅游搭乘飞机常用英语词汇 (16) 十五、入关常用词 (17) 十六、兑换外币用语 (17) 十七、常用英语口语 (17)
一、紧急情况用语 I’ve lost my passport. 我的护照丢拉 Where is Chinese Embassy? 中国大使馆在哪？ Could you call for a Chinese speaking staff? 能找个中文员工给我吗？ 二、基本语 ！—— Thank you. 多！－－Thanks a lot. 对不起，麻烦你。—— Excuse me. 抱歉。—— Excuse the mess. 需要帮忙吗？－－Can I help you. 你的帮助。—— Thank you for helping me. 无论如何，我还要感你。—— Thanks, anyway. 您好。－－How are you! 初次见面问好。—— How do you do! 很高兴见到你。—— (It's) nice to meet you. 请问您从哪来。－－Where are you from? 请问贵姓。－－Can I have your name? 我叫...。—— My name is ... (I'm ...) 很高兴认识你。—— It was a pleasure meeting you. 很高兴见到你。—— Pleased to meet you. 希望再见到你。—— Hope to see you again. 这是不是说我以后可以再见到你？—— Does that mean that I can see you again? 玩得快乐－－Have a good time. 祝你好运。—— Good luck.
1、Although graduated from famous universities, with its make him a sat in the office with nothing to do , he would like to be a concierge, because he is a man of restless. 虽然毕业于名牌大学，以其让他当个坐在办公室里无所事事，他更愿意当个看门人，因为他是个闲不住的人。 2、In the process of preparation, the place you don’t understand will do some queries, then try your best to find ways to solve it in time. 在预习的过程中，有不懂的地方就做上疑问号，然后及时地想办法去解决。 3、With all her heart to think of working in Nanjing, as long as it is about the recruitment and Nanjing enterprise, all is she want to attentive. 对于一心想到南京工作的她，只要是又关于南京企业的招聘，都是她想留意的。 4、If you go to double will choose, and you will have a chance to take the various units of the brochure. 如果你去参加双选会，你就有机会拿到各个单位的宣传手册 5、In addition to the arduous study every day, and the arrival of the graduation thesis, also face the tedious work, made him feel very annoyed. 每天除了繁重的学习，加上毕业论文的到来，还要面对那繁琐的工作，使他感到非常烦恼。 6、She holds her dream to do what you want to do, no matter what difficulties, she will be brave to confront it. 她坚持着自己的梦想去做自己想要做的事，无论遇到什么困难，她都会勇敢去面对的。 7、The paper topic selection, due to the Marketing Department teacher too few, many students of marketing need to be adjust to rectified. 这次论文的选题，由于营销系的老师太少，很多营销的同学都需要被做相应的调整。8、In the international gymnastics competition, if the posture of players are not correct, that they will be unable to obtain the champions. 在国际体操比赛中，如果运动员的姿势不正确，那将是无法取得冠军的。 9、According to relevant department revealed that the contest is carried out in public. 据相关部门透露，这次的评选活动是公开进行的。 10、A full face of her stares at the far deeply, as if waiting for someone coming back. 满脸忧愁的她深深地注视着远方，好像在等待某人的归来。 10、Each of the famous brand has its unique symbolic emblem, this also is a representative of the enterprise. 每个著名的品牌都有它独特的象征性的符号，这也是一个企业的代表。 11、In order to complete the self-fulfilling prophecy, he get up earlier and come back later , and he must take more time than any other students on study. 为了完成自我实现的预言，他每天早出晚归，比其他任何同学都要下更多的功夫在学习上。 12、In order to maintain the college related discipline, the partial students actively involvement in the activities of the comparison. 为了维持学院的相关纪律，全院的学生都积极参与到这次评比活动中了。 13、Many words can use it close the words to express, if you are not satisfied with the way this expression, that I can use other ways to paraphrase it. 很多词汇都可以用它相近的词来表达，如果你对这样方式的表达不满意，那我可以用其它的方式来改述。
I’m here on business. 海外出差常用英語51句 到國外出差除了要打理行程外，同時也是英文能力大考驗。其實出差英語並不難，只要熟記幾個常用情境、關鍵字，即可應付裕如。 外商工作，通常會有機會到 國外出差，有時候是拜訪客 戶，有時候是到公司總部(headquarters)開會或參觀實習(attachment)。 出差和一般出國旅遊不太相同，通常必須獨自面對各種情境，包括食、衣、住、行，以及到總部和外國同事互動，很多狀況可能都是第一次遇上，當然也都必須用英文溝通。 記得第一次出差時，到達拜訪公司的櫃台，對方問我：「May I help you?」我中文想說：「我想拜訪安迪〃雷根。」英文卻翻譯成：「I would like visit Andy Regan.」雖然對方也聽懂我的意思，但是更簡單且常用的說法是：「I am here to see Andy Regan.」 掌握「關鍵字」，出差待客不慌張 學習到國外出差時常用的英文，可以歸納出一些在不同情境下，可能會用到的英文句子，事先練習，遇到狀況時就可以應付自如。 再者，自己出差時會遇到的狀況，其實也正是外國同事來台灣時會遭遇的。記得第一次接待新加坡來的印度同事，他向我提出一些需求，我卻因為沒聽過某些關鍵字而未能及時聽懂，所以不知該如何幫他，比手畫腳一番後，才知道他要什麼。 一般而言，老外到台灣出差，在辦公室裡，他們的需求不外乎是：問你廁所在哪裡？向你借些文具？電腦怎麼連線？手機怎麼充電？傳真機怎麼使用？如何打國際電話等等，因此只要把一些關鍵字搞清楚，就能做一個稱職的接待員。 在
海外出差常用英文九大類型 一、國外機場 1 Q：Do you have any seat preferences, sir? (問：您對座位有什麼偏好嗎？) 2 A：Yes, a window/ an aisle seat, please. (答：是的，請給我靠窗/走道的位子。) 3 Q：How many pieces of hand luggage do you have? (問：您有幾件手提行李？) 4 A：Just these two. (答：就這兩件。) 5 Where is the boarding gate? (登機門在哪兒？) 6 Is the plane on schedule? (飛機會準時起飛嗎？) 7 Excuse me. Can you direct me to gate 30, please? (對不起，請問30號登機門怎麼走？) 二、飛機上 8 How long is this flight going to be delayed? (飛機要延遲多久才能起飛？) 9 May I have a blanket/ headset? (可以給我一件毛毯/一副耳機嗎？) 10 May I have some juice/ a cup of hot tea? (可以給我果汁/一杯熱茶嗎？) 三、過海關 11 Q：Do you have anything to declare? (問：您有東西要申報嗎？) 12 I have nothing to declare. (答：我沒有東西要申報。) 13 Q：How long do you plan to stay and where are you staying here? (問：您計畫在這裡停留多久、會住在哪裡？) 14 A：One week and I will stay at the Grand Hyatt Hotel. (答：一星期。我會住在君悅飯店。) 15 Q：What brought you here? (問：您為何來這裡？) 16 A：I’m here on business/ for sightseeing. (答：我是來出差/觀光。)
大学英语应用能力考试试 题及答案 Prepared on 21 November 2021
Part I Cloze Test Directions: This part, numbered 1 to 15, is to test your grammar and vocabulary ability. Each of the blanks to is followed by four choices of suggested choices marked A), B), C) and D). Make the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Every year, almost 2 million Americans are injured while they're 1 work. Every day, 240 are killed on the job. The 2 job is cutting down trees. Being a policeman is safer than many jobs, including driving a truck, collecting garbage and 3 airplanes. One of the safest jobs is being a librarian. The government inspects(检查) most factories and offices. 4 have to 5 fines if their factories or offices are unsafe. In California, employers often go to prison if one of their workers is 6 because a factory didn't 7 safety measures. But President Bush cut down the number of government inspectors 8 15 percent. Many people say working is less safe 9 . For women workers, the greatest danger so far is murder. Forty-- two percent of all 10 who die at work were killed. Many of them work 11 clerks in stores 12 they are by themselves at night. Experts say they can protect themselves by putting the cash desk in full 13 of the street. The numbers of deaths and accidents at work don't take into 14 people who become sick from 15 that they are exposed to at work. Doctors don't know if some chemicals cause illness. There are no government rules for many new chemicals. Inspectors say employers turn their backs on safety problems because they don't want to pay the bill for fixing them. They also say some workers don't want to complain about dangers because they may lose their jobs.
Unit 4 Alignment Design Section I Talking Face to Face 1. Introduction Job description of Site Engineer Site engineers perform a technical, organizational and supervisory role on construction projects, including civil, road, rail and other infrastructure projects. They are responsible for marking out the site, applying designs and plans and liaising with sub contractors. Site engineers work as part of the site management team, sharing responsibility for site security, health and safety, and the organization and supervision of material and human resources. Projects may vary from small scale to multi-million pound ventures. Ask students to read dialogue and then make dialogues according to the task. 2. Explaining some words and expressions in the dialogue: 1. make sth. out (a) manage to see, read ( usu implying difficulty) : 看出来， 读出来，认出来（通常含示经过困难） eg. We made out a figure in the darkness. The outline of the house could just be made out. (b) write out, complete or fill in : 写出，开出，填写 eg. Before going out for shopping, they made out a list for the grocer. All of the students are required to make out a document in duplicate. 2. do good to benefit : 有益于…… eg. Eat more fruit, it will do much good to your health. Smoking does more harm than good to you. 3. remind ~ sb (to do sth /that…) ; ~ sb of sth / sb ,cause(sb)to remember(to do sth , etc) ; cause (sb) to think (of sth) 提醒（某人）做，使（某人）想起 eg. Please remind me to answer that letter. Travelers are reminded that inoculation against yellow fever is advisable. This remined me of what we did together during our holidays. 4.construction site 建筑工地,施工现场 eg. In the construction site, Mr. Brown is in charge. 这块工地由布朗先生负责。 She quickly blocked out a sketch of the construction site. 她迅速画出一幅工地的草图。 He ran towards the sound and stopped at a construction site. 他顺着那声音跑过去，来到一处建筑工地。 construction approval 建造批准construction works 建造工程 construction sequence 施工程序 construction specifications 建筑规范 construction site safety manual 建筑地盘安全手册 SectionII Maintaining a sharp eye Passage1Alignment Design
英语应用翻译 徐宇佳 1231307109 苏州园林鉴赏 苏州城历史悠久，私家园林始建于公元前6世纪，至明代建园之风尤盛，清末时城内外有园林170多处。为苏州赢得了“园林之城”的称号。现存名园十余处，闻名遐尔的有沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园、留园、网狮园、怡园等。苏州园林战地面积小，采用变换无穷、不拘一格的艺术手法，以中国山水花鸟的情趣，寓唐诗宋词的意境，在有限的内点缀假山、树木，安排亭台楼阁、池塘小桥，使苏州园林以景取胜，景因园异，给人以小中见大的艺术效果。 江南园林不仅在风格上与北方园林不同，在使用要求上也有些区别。江南园林以扬州、无锡、苏州等城市为主，其中又以苏州、扬州最为著称，也最具有代表性，而私家园林则又以苏州为最多。为此，苏州又有“江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南”之称。苏州素以园林美景享有盛名，这些园林可分为宅地园林，市郊园林和寺庙园林三大类。苏州园林多为宅地园林，由贵族、宦官、富商等所建，精致优雅。这些园林反映出历代园林的不同风格，同为中国园林艺术的代表作。 “上有天堂，下有苏杭”，苏州之所以获得“天堂”的美称，在很大的程度由于它拥有一批全国以至世界知名的古典园林。苏州是中国著名的园林城。苏州园林历史之悠久，数量之多，造园艺术之高在全国首屈一指。从最早东晋的辟疆园起，已有一千五百年治园经验，城内曾有大小园林二百余处，至今保存尚好的仍有六十九处。地处江南水乡的苏州，城市中水道纵横、气候适宜，植物繁茂，花草树木品种丰富，当地又产湖石，叠石掇山的技巧高明，造园条件特别优越，物资又很丰富。为此，富饶的苏州，成了官僚豪富掠夺和享乐的一个重要地方。明清封建社会末期，经济发达的江南地区，就成了私家园林的集中地，苏州的造林活动达到高潮，官僚地主争相造园，一时成为风尚，造园之风达三百余年之久，苏州也就成为私家园林的集中地。 皇家园林一般总是带有均衡，对称、庄严豪华以及威严的气氛。而江南地区的私家园林，多建在城市，并与住宅相联。占地甚少，小者一、二亩，大者数十亩。在园景的处理上，善于在有限的空间内有较大的变化，巧妙地组成千变万化
海外出差常用英文九大類型 一、國外機場 1 Q：Do you have any seat preferences, sir? (問：您對座位有什麼偏好嗎？) 2 A：Yes, a window/ an aisle seat, please. (答：是的，請給我靠窗/走道的位子。) 3 Q：How many pieces of hand luggage do you have? (問：您有幾件手提行李？) 4 A：Just these two. (答：就這兩件。) 5 Where is the boarding gate? (登機門在哪兒？) 6 Is the plane on schedule? (飛機會準時起飛嗎？) 7 Excuse me. Can you direct me to gate 30, please? (對不起，請問30號登機門怎麼走？) 二、飛機上 8 How long is this flight going to be delayed? (飛機要延遲多久才能起飛？) 9 May I have a blanket/ headset? (可以給我一件毛毯/一副耳機嗎？) 10 May I have some juice/ a cup of hot tea? (可以給我果汁/一杯熱茶嗎？) 三、過海關 11 Q：Do you have anything to declare? (問：您有東西要申報嗎？) 12 I have nothing to declare. (答：我沒有東西要申報。) 13 Q：How long do you plan to stay and where are you staying here? (問：您計畫在這裡停留多久、會住在哪裡？) 14 A：One week and I will stay at the Grand Hyatt Hotel. (答：一星期。我會住在君悅飯店。) 15 Q：What brought you here? (問：您為何來這裡？) 16 A：I’m here on business/ for sightseeing. (答：我是來出差/觀光。) 四、進機場 17 Where can I exchange some foreign currency? (我可以到哪裡兌換外幣？) 18 Change this into dollars, please. (請將這個換成美元。) 19 What is the exchange rate for British pounds?
工程用英语怎么说 工程是科学和数学的某种应用，通过这一应用，使自然界的物质和能源的特性能够通过各种结构、机器、产品、系统和过程，是以最短的时间和精而少的人力做出高效、可靠且对人类有用的东西。那么你知道工程用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。 工程英语说法1： engineering 工程英语说法2： project 工程英语说法3： programme 工程的相关表达： 软件工程software engineering ; MSc Software Engineering ; soft project ; Software hut 系统工程systems engineering ; SE ; Systems design engineering ; Applied Systems Engineering 电子工程electronic engineering ; Electrical Engineering ; EE ; Electrical and Electronic Engineering 生物工程Biotechnology ; Bioengineering ; Biological Engineering ; Biomedical Engineering 工程塑料Engineering plastic ; ABS ; EV A ; LCP 工程学engineering ; Engineering Science ; BSc in Engineering ; Bachelor of Engineering 工程管理engineering management ; Project Management ; MSc Engineering Management ; MEM
1. I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.我在里德学院读了6个月就退学了，但是作为旁听生又在那里待了18个月左右，然后才真正离开学校。 2. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.我的生母是个年轻未婚的研究生，因此她决定把我送给别人收养。 3. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. 这在当时看来非常可怕，但现在回头看看，那是我做过的最棒的决定之一。 4. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.我依照好奇心和直觉做事，大多事后证明是非常值得的。 5. None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. 这一切在我的生活中是否实用，我不抱希望。 1. Every time I saw the straw hat (每当我看到那顶草帽), it reminded me of the tour I made years before. 2.This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had (我度过的最美好的时光). 3. I’m honored to attend the closing ceremony of the conference (我很荣幸能参加大会闭幕式) and give you the speech. 4. Bill Clinton has helped to get the two American journalists released and he seems to have a hope of making peace (有希望调解) between North Korea and the US. 5. One friend of mine has decided to quit his/her well-paid but demanding position (辞去那份工资高但要求也高的工作) recently. 1. However, if that weren’t a popular notion, m illions of dollars wouldn’t roll in every time there was a lottery somewhere. 然而，这种想法非常普遍，否则每次彩票抽奖也就不会有数以百万计的美元滚滚而来。 2.It took him five years to diligently create a business and generate that large sum of money. 他花了5年时间，努力工作，并开办了一家公司，终于赚足了这么一大笔钱。 3. With great disbelief, he stared at his investment of valuable gems, now turned to stones, and wondered what it all meant. 约翰眼睁睁地看着自己投资买来的宝石变成了石头，他难以置信，百思不得其解。 4.The inscription read, “If one achieves this quest, they will have transformed their mind by the use of their faith and will from then on have the power to overcome in all things and nothing will be impossible to them.” 这些文字是：凡历此功成者，必脱胎换骨，身心俱新，无坚不摧，无所不能。 1.Once known as the Paris of the Middle East(曾经拥有中东巴黎的美誉),this seaside city fell into chaos during Le banon’s prolonged civil war. 2. A meeting was held for the purpose of appointing a new manager(是为了任命一位新经理). 3.She was noticed selected for of an interview with PWC director. This opportunity is too good to pass up(好得让人无法拒绝). 4.More than 150 people were looking for the body of a 24-year-old hiker said to have been killed(据说已经遇害), a day after authorities charged a man with kidnapping her. 5.It is still unclear (仍然不清楚) what was behind the Federal Reserve’s surprise decision on Wednesday to buy up to $300 billion in Treasuries. 1.But to this day I do not know what strange impulse made me take George to see her and to tell her, before I had confided in another living soul, of our engagement.但是，直到现在我也说不清，是什么驱使我带着乔治去见姑奶，并告诉她我们订婚的事，而之前我从没向任何人透露过这