高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧
在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。这类试题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、以及对it/they/them等代词的确指对象的判断等。这类试题的设问方式主要有：
(1)What does the underlined word “them/it”refer to?
(2)In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
(3)according to the passage,... probably means
(4)The author uses the word... to mean.
(5)The underlined phrase “punch line”most probably means______.
(6)The underlined word “one”could best be replaced by ______.
(7)What does “garden”in the last two paragraphs stand for?
（8）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”?
做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。猜测词义时，要掌握以下三个做题要领和六种解题技巧：
做题要领
1）文中找线索或信息词;
2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；
3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。
解题技巧
技巧 1 Definition 定义法：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或同位语从句来确定词义
技巧 2 Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。
技巧 3 Cause＆Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因
技巧4 Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。
技巧5 Word Formation 构词法：在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。技巧6 根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词的意思进行判断。
技巧7 根据句子结构进行判断。
技巧8 根据文章的背景进行判断。如：
技巧9 Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义
技巧篇：
技巧 1 Definition 定义法：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或同位语从句来确定词义
1.It will be very hard but very brittle—that is , it will break easily .
从后面的解释中，我们可以了解到brittle是“易碎的，脆的”的意思
2.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。
技巧 2 Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。
表示对比的词有but 、yet 、while 、however、otherwise等。
1. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical.
根据对比关系，这里cool和tropical是相反的意义，很容易判断理tropical的意思为：Hot 热的
2.Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely．
根据对比关系“homely”means “ugly
技巧 3 Cause￡Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因
1. Hat museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，这个博物馆当然是够“大的”了。
2.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
从后面的结果"永远不能再运动"中，可以推测permanent 的意思为"永远的，永久的"。
技巧4 Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。
1.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machine, refrigerators and color televisions.
根据for instance后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中appliances的是指“家用电器”。
常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。
技巧5 Word Formation 构词法：在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。1．根据前缀猜测词义
Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?
根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。
2．根据后缀猜测词义
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions vehicles,”but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.
A.be familiar with
B.be curious about
C.show their interest in
D.fail to understand后缀-less是否定后缀，结合上下文，不难猜出be clueless about 的意思是D(不清楚，不能理解)。
3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
（1）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。
（2）We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.
根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产），我们可以推测mass-produce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思。
技巧 6 根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词的意思进行判断。
例题1：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentric(怪僻的)farmer. I had never met him before although I had often heard people talk about him. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.
I hadn’t the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go.
The underlined phrase make out in the first paragraph means ______.
A. expect
B. understand
C. see clearly
D. hear clearly
根据第四句话的意思，我们知道“Even then”实际上是指前文的“I understood anything”，因此这句话可以理解为“Even when I understood anything, all (that) I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident”。显然，“make out”是被用来取代前面的“understood”，以避免重复，它们应该是近义或同义词，所以，B选项可能是正确的。
例题2：One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.
Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”?
A. Quite right.
B. True enough.
C. Most unlikely.
D. Just the opposite.
根据quite the reverse这个短语前后两个句子中的“perfect information”与“imperfect information”这两个意思相反的词组，我们可以推断出quite the reverse这个短语应该是表示它前后两个句子的转折关系。只有D选项符合这种意思，因此，可以考虑它是正确答案。
技巧7 根据句子结构进行判断。
例题1：Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very different society—one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior (行为)is suitable (合适) at various ages.
The underlined word ‘one’refers to ______.
A. a society
B. America
C. a place
D. Population
从结构上看，one与society是同位关系，因此，A选项符合题意，是正确答案。
例题2：In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical problem: Fermat’s Last Theorem (定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Poly-technique.
Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle”as it is used in the text?
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
在“the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds”这个句子中，并列连词and起着很重要的提示作用，因为它意味着被它连接起来的两个动词在意义上有一致性。“had beaten the finest mathematical minds”可以理解为“击败了一些顶级的数学家”，而这个定理之所以可以“击败一些顶级的数学家”不外乎是因为它太难了，因此我们可以顺理成章地把baffle与difficult联系在一起。我们可以试图这样理解这句话“这个定理难住并击败了一些顶级的数学家”。四个选项中B选项最接近这个意思，所以，它是一个正确的可能性最大的选项。又如：
例题3： A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
What does the underlined word “hassle”(paragraph 1) probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
根据“A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun”，这两个分句之间的转折关系我们可以推断出“hassle”与“fun”应该是一对反义词。A、B、D 三个选项与这个判断都不吻合，只有C选项与这个判断比较一致，因此，C选项是唯一可能正确的答案。
技巧8 根据文章的背景进行判断。如：
JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students —18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)on Tuesday evening.
The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. ‘Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable!’said a teacher from Guangdong province.
The underlined phrase ‘figure out’in the text means ______.
A. work out
B. add up
C. guess
D. study
文段叙述的是第五届全国华罗庚杯数学竞赛的获奖情况，划线部分的“them”指的是“many of the problems”，因此，根据文段所叙述的竞赛这一背景，可以断定划线部分的动词应该是计算的意思，只有A选项符合文意，因此，是可能正确的答案。
技巧9 Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义
例题：1 Tom can’t find his sneakers. A.Money B. bowls C. shoes
Tom can’t find his white sneakers． A.Money B. bowls C. shoes
Tom can’t play tennis now because he can’t find his white sneakers. A.Money B. bowls C. shoes 【解析】sneakers中学课本中未出现过的新词。根据英语语法，A。B、C代入句子中都正确。作为名词的A、B、C 代人句中意思也说得通。但在speakers前加一个修饰语white就成为Tom can’t find his white sneakers．那么A则可去掉，答案则可能是B和C。而在这句的前面再加一层意思，这就是：Tom can’t play tennis now because he can’t find his white sneakers. 这样一看就知道bowls(碗）与打网球没有什么联系，而shoes与打网球却有密切联系，不穿鞋怎么打网球呢？C就成为唯一正确选项。
例题：2Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometre down. At six kilometres, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped(压;抽)down into the rocks and back up to the surface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries.
The underlined words geothermal energy in the third paragraph mean ______.
A. renewable source
B. underground source
C. heat inside the earth
D. temperature of the earth
这一段讲的是“renewable energy sources”的开发问题，并且举例“geothermal energy”是其中的一种，接下来文章进一步解释“geothermal energy”的形成及开发利用的方式。A、B、D三个选项指代的范围都太大，与下文对“geothermal energy”的解释不完全一致，因此都可以排除。下文在解释了地内温度升高的一般规律后接着说“To get the heat, water is pumped(压;抽)down into the rocks and back up to the surface”，并且说“Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries.”因此，可以确定“geothermal energy”指的是“地热资源”，所以C选项是正确的。
例题：3 Many people say, “I am much younger than my mother - or my father - was at my age.”No one says “Act your age”any more. We’ve stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.
“Act your age”means people should ______.
A. be active when they are old
B. do the right thing at the right age
C. show respect for their parents young or old
D. take more physical exercise suitable to their age
“We’ve stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways”这句话的意思是“看到老年人表现出年轻人的行为举止，我们(现在)不再感到奇怪”，即“现在不再(像以前那样)要求老年人的行为举止与他们的年龄相符”。这句话实际上是以老年人为例，对“No one says ‘Act your age’any more”这句话进行解释，B选项符合这句话的意思，因此，是正确选项。
以上所叙只是推测、判断词义的一些基本规律。同学们在解这类题时一定要注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然选错答案。要提高这方面的阅读能力，最主要的还是靠自己进行大量的阅读，在阅读实践中不断总结经验，找出其中的规律，并且融会贯通地运用它们指导自己的阅读。
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
猜测词义读懂文章 Exercises Read the following passages and see if you understand the words or phrases that may be new to you: Passage 1. We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken. We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we fee it during the takeoff run of an airplane. 1. Acceleration is the name for _______. D A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a plane C. a steady speed D. an increase in speed Passage 2. A tornado can do a lot of damage. The wind of a tornado rushes at great speed around a funnel-shaped cloud. It travels in a path a few hundred feet wide and about twenty-five miles long. As the wind circles, the funnel spirals higher and higher. 2. A tornado is a _______. C A. rainstorm B. dust storm C. great circle wind D. huge funnel of water Passage 3. STOCKHOLM—A Swede and two Americans won the 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine on Oct. 9 for studies on how messages move around the nervous system. The discovery makes it possible to develop drugs against Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. Arvid Carlson of Sweden and Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of the United States share the first prize of the millennium, worth nearly US$ 1 million, for their discoveries, Sweden’s Karlinska Institute said. (2009NMET) 3. What does the underlined word “schizophrenia” probably mean?A A. a kind of illness B. a new discovery C. a name of a subject D. a new drug Passage 4. New Y ork: when the first jet struck 1 World Trade Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday, the people in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they, too, must do: get out fast…. Among the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do, formal announcements inside the south tower instructed people to stay put, telling them that the building was in good condition and the threat was limited to the other tower. C 4. The underlined words “stay put”means______. A. to keep silent B. to leave at once C. to stay in the building D. to put everything back and then leave Passage 5. All the athletes try to be at the closing ceremony. They have forgotten all their fears and worries. It does not matter whether they have done well or not. All the teams walk round the stadium together. Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave. Everyone is hunting for local products. People exchange track suits, hats, running vest and so on. There is a last chance to take photographs and get addresses of new friends. Then each team starts its journey home. 5. The underline phrase “clears up”in the paragraph means______. A
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶）at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题方法 对于高考生而言，英语词汇量还是很有限的，想要完全通读高考英语试卷，还要会猜测词义。 猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索： 一是针对性的解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。 1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义 如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。 例1.Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually
the male, claims（声称）as its own.（2005年湖北卷） [分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。 例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷） [分析]由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。 例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷） According to the passage ,The Pines is a . A．place in which you can see many mobile homes B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D．restaurant
五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。 词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解 或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。 近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表 2017年2016年2015年 全国卷Ⅰ2（代词that；短语the water catcher） 1(单词courier) 1（单词contributions） 全国卷Ⅱ2（代词that；句子the tables are turned） 2(单词downside;代词 it) 1（短语signed off） 全国卷Ⅲ1（单词displaced） 2（代词them；短语 a pipe dream） / 近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定，每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过 2道。但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大，试题难度稍有增加。例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中，有部分超纲单词（如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释，另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词 汇表内，又未加注释，这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题，还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义，这样才能透彻地理解文章，完成阅读理解任务。 词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。 常见的设问形式主要有以下几种： What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean? What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...? Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...? 无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。预 计2018年此题型题量将会保持稳定，命题重点仍然是考查生词/短语的意思、熟词生义或代词的指代含义。
三、词汇题解题技巧 词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里，不需要考生查找所考查内容。它可以考一个单词的含义，一个词组的意思，或者考一个句子的弦外之音。 词汇题常见提问方式如下： The word “accentuate” (Line 4, Para.3) most probably means _____. What is the meaning of …? The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para.4) refers to _____. T he statement “The business of America is business” probably means “_____”. The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para3) is closest in meaning to “_____”. By “white elephant” the author refers to _____. 实例讲解： 原文： This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. 题目： 60. “Shadowland”in the last sentence refers to____ .
A) the wonderland one often dreams about B) the bright future that one is looking forward to C) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached D) a world that exists only in one's imagination 此题可以利用并列关系来求解。首先，and后面的句子告诉我们“任何有梦想的人必须要学会在那里生活”，这暗含了“那里”不好的环境。再从and可知，两个分句的逻辑是一致的，据此Shadowland也应该是不利的环境，故选择C项。 考句子含义的，如果句子简单，一般在上下文中寻找答案；如果句子复杂，则更加倾向于在句子内部找答案。 下面介绍一些常用的根据上下文猜测词义的技巧。 第一，针对性解释。 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。 1．根据定义猜测词义 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：
如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义 词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词组；了解构词法知识，如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀，以及词语的合成和转化等；并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。尽管如此，在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义，因此，我们必须学会如何猜测词义。任何一个词语，在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑： 一、根据定义或解释猜测词义 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. What does the word “carpenter” mean in Chinese? A.诗人 B.木匠 C.厨师 D.伐木工人 通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是B“木匠” A bag is useful and the word “bag” is usef ul. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”…. Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.” John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______. A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag 在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。 二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断 As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well. In the text, “put an end to” means “______”. A. Stop B. Cut C. Kill D. fly 根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。 三、根据并列或同位或对比关系猜测词义 There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese? A.自来水 B.大气 C.冰川 D.蒸汽 从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。 Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. What does the word “grubby” mean in Chinese? A.干净的 B.白皙的 C.肮脏的 D.整齐的 和clean意思相对的是“肮脏的”，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”
高考英语词义猜测专项训练 请根据句意指出下列句子中划线单词的词性与汉语意思。 1. They were put into prison for founding an illegal organization. (意思: _________) 2. Being in poor health, the old lady looked weak and fragile. (意思: _________) 3. Before writing, we'd better take its framework into consideration. (意思: _________) 4. He is such a frequent visitor that all of us know him very well. (意思: _________) 5. Constant friction wore out the bottom of my shoes gradually. (意思: _________) 6. They grew some garlic, hoping for a good harvest in autumn. (意思: _________) 7. We picked some grapes and put t hem in the fridge to k eep them fresh. (意思: _________) 8. He drove his car into his garage, checked and repaired it carefully. (意思: _________) 9. A large vocabulary is fundamental to learning English well. (意思: _________) 10. To build up his body, Jack decides to take up gymnastics in the gym. (意思: _________) 11. Justin dreams of having a garment shop, selling expensive clothes. (意思: _________) 12. He is interested in geography and expects to travel around the world. (意思: _________) 13. My grandma stuck the broken pieces of glasses together with glue (意思: _________) 14. Under the guidance of Professor Green, I worked harder at geometry. (意思: _________) 15. The generous gentleman donates much money to the poor every year. (意思: _________) 16. An accident happened to her when she happened to be shopping. (意思: _________) 17. I am still green at teaching because I began teaching last year. (意思: _________) 18. So large is the hall that it can hold up to 5000 people in all. (意思: _________) 19.We’re short of hands at the moment and consider hiring some workers.(意思: _________) 20. Heads of many countries will gather to have a conference. (意思: _________) 21. Step by step, I’ve grasped the spirit of English and learned it better. (意思: _________) 22. She found her gold necklace gone and it was nowhere to be found. (意思: _________) 23. I am full now because I have just had a big dinner. (意思: _________)
阅读理解生词猜测实例 1.根据定义或解释说明猜测词义 1) A resolute man is a person who once makes up his mind to do sth , he won’t give up half way . 2) Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly . 3) An expedition is a long , organized trip or journey which is made into an unfamiliar area for a particular purpose by a group of people. 4) At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy . 5) Although Rao made a reasonable offer of help to her, Jones accepted it reluctantly, with unwillingness. 6) Some myths , which are the stories handed down from ancient times and include the early beliefs of nation, are widely spread around the world. 7) Of all other sciences and that arithmetic, which is the science of numbers, is the base of mathematics. 2.通过同义词或同类词说明其意，一般用逗号将它与前面的生词隔开。 1) Luckily, most of the ailments (illness) that people suffer from can be treated at home with little or no medicine. 2) Microwaves- the radio waves that we use for communications- travel in straight line. 3) I think he is old-fashioned , thinking too much of old ways and ideas . 4) We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8:00 am--- this week . 3. 通过对比去推断生词。如转折词：but , however , yet , otherwise , though； 1)Most of them agreed, however, I dissented. 2) Most people object to the plan ; only a few are for it .
2017届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略 高考考情分析解读： 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。 2016年全国卷设问形式例子： (1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ) (2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ) (3)What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ) 常见的命题形式有： The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”． Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph? The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”． What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean? 本学案结构：
第五讲词义猜测类专项练习 【分类真题】 (2019年全国卷II.A） My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational. After Dark Haruki Murakami It’s about two sisters —Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Flynn There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable. The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever. 21. Who does "I" refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl.