定语从句难点解析
定语从句难点解析
一．关于that的知识点
① that在所有的复合句中我们都能看见
例如：it has been decided that the meeting should be put off (主语从句)
She told us so interesting an story that we all forget about the time (结果状语从句) She told me everything that she knows (定语从句)
如何确定何时填that呢？
that在所有的名词性从句中都不作任何成分，不翻译，无意义；that在状语从句中要和其他词连用才能引导状语从句，例如in order that, so(such)……that,on condition that等等；that在定语从句中作从句的主宾表，有时替代when,where,why在从句中作状语，但是that不能做介词的宾语，不能引导非限制性定语从句。
二．关于which的知识点
① which只能引导名词性从句（表示哪一个，使用时要有选择范围）和定语从句（在从句中作主宾表定。例如：
Ask him which he wants,A or B （宾语从句）
A prosperity(繁荣) which had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（定语从句）
He stayed there for quite a long time, during which time he learned much spoken English.（定语从句，作定语，表示“这个”的含义。而whose表示“谁的”）
②只能用that的情况以及只能用that的情况
只用that的情况：ⅰ先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little；ⅱ先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；ⅲ先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；ⅳ先行词既有人又有物时。
只用which的情况：ⅰ引导非限制性定语从句；ⅱ先行词是整个
主句；ⅲ介词+ 关系代词
③as与which的用法区别：ⅰ引导限制性定语从句时，在such, as, the same后只能用as，其他情况用 which。如：
I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。
It’s the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。
This is the photo which shows my house. 这张照片拍的是我的住宅。
ⅱas引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，既可位于所修饰的句子之后，也可位于句中或句首；而由which引导的非限制性定语从句一般不位于句首。例如：
As you will find out，I will never let you down.你将会发现，我绝不会使你失望的。
ⅲas所引导的从句所表达的语意须和主句一致，而which则无此限制。例如：
She has married again，which was unexpected.她又结婚了，真不可思议。(此处不可用as)
ⅳas常用于一些固定结构中。如：as is well known / as we all know 众所周知；as is said above 正如上面所说；as might be imagined 正像所想象的那样； as is reported 如报道所说as often happens，as is often the case常有的事
As you know, he is from Beijing. 正如你所知道的，他来自北京。
As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
He was absent，as is often the case.他没有上学，这是常事。
As you will find out, all is now settled. 你将会看到这样的情况，一切都已搞定了。
三关于who和whom的知识点
①who，whom都能引导名词性从句和定语从句，且who在从句
中作主语，宾语，whom只在从句中作宾语。注意：介词之后只能用whom，如：most of whom, both of whom
The man with whom you talked is my friend.
②当先行词是人时，并不一定全部用who或whom引导从句。当先行词是代表某种品质，性格或特点的人时，引导词用which而不用who或whom
He will become the man which his father wants him to be.
She is not the selfish woman which she is generally represented.
四关于as的知识点
①the same as 和the same that 都指“和……相同”
the same as 强调的是类型的相同
the same that 强调的是物体本身的相同
This is the same train that I rode on yesterday. 这就是就是我昨天坐过的那辆火车。
This is the sametrain as I rode on yesterday. 这辆火车像我昨天坐过的那辆一样。
②such/so…as…和such/so…that…的区别
若该句型后接as，则as之后引导的是定语从句，其后的句子不完整，as在从句中作主，宾；若该句型后接that，则that之后引导的是状语从句，that不在从句中作任何成分
This is such a difficult problem that all of us can＇t work it out.句中.that是从属连词.引导结果状语从句.在从句中不作成份.
This is such a difficult problem as all of us can＇t work out.句中.as 是关系代词.引导定语从句.在从句中作宾语.
五定语从句和同位语从句的区别
定语从句与同位语从句在形式以及它们在句中的位置上都很相似，但它们在句中的句法功能不同，所用的引导词也不完全一样。
①. 定语从句是形容词从句，其句法功能相当于一个形容词，与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一
些情况；而同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，与前面的名词是同位关系，是对前面的名词作进一步解释，即说明它前面名词的内容。如：
The news that he told me just now is true.
他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句）
The news that I have passed the exam is true.
我通过了考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句）
②. 同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主系表”结构来表示，而定语从句则没有这种关系。如：
The news that he won the first place is true.
他赢得冠军的消息是真的。（同位语从句）
若用“主系表”结构来表示，则是：
The news is that he won the first place. 那个消息是他赢得了冠军。
③. 定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词，而可跟同位语从句的名词通常只是news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，possibility 等少数几个。因此，引导两种从句的连接词也不完全一样。可以引导定语从句的连接词有that，which，who，whom，whose，when，where，why 等。可以引导同位从句的连接词有that，whether，when，where，how 等。如：
The factory which / that we visited yesterday is a chemical one.
我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。（定语从句）
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
我从王先生那里得知一个消息，他今天下午不能来看你了。（同位语从句）
④. 定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、
状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句中起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。如：
The idea that he gave surprises many people.
他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（定语从句，that 在从句中作gave 的宾语）The fact that they didn’t finish the work has to be faced.
必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。
（同位语从句，that 在从句中只起连接作用，引导从句解释fact 的内容，不作任何句子成分）
⑤. 引导定语从句的连接词有时可以省去，而引导同位语从句的连接词则不可省去。如：
I’ll keep the promise （that / which）I made two years ago.
我将履行两年前许下的诺言。（定语从句）
I make a promise that I will write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.
我许诺，我一到北京就给你写信。（同位语从句）
⑥. when，where 和why 在引导定语从句和同位语从句时，它们的共同点是引导词在这两种从句中都可以充当状语。但是，定语从句前有相应的先行词，分别为表示时间、地点和原因状语的名词，而同位语从句前没有相应的名词。如：
I still remember the day when （=on which）I first came to Beijing.
我仍记得我第一次来北京的那一天。（定语从句）
I have no idea when she will be back.
我不知道她何时才会回来。（同位语从句）
六“But”用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后，构成双重否定，在定语从句中：
①=that doesn’t do
②可以修饰人(=who not)/可以修饰物(=which not)
③用于否定句中
There is no rule but has exceptions.
=There is no rule that doesn’t have exceptions.
There are few but admire his talents.
=There are few who don’t admire his talents
1．There is no one but likes to be praised．
任何人都喜欢被赞扬。
2．There is no one of us but wishes to visit Guilin．
我们大家都想去桂林。
七way作先行词
Way作定语从句的先行词时，可以分为以下两种情况：①当其在从句中作状语，引导词用in which, that, 或不用；②当其在从句中作主语或宾语时，引导词用that或which，作宾语时甚至什么都不用。例如I don't like the way in which/that you speak to her. (作状语)
I don’t know the way which/ that he adapted to treat Tom (作宾语)
八case, point,conditions, situation, stage(活动范围, 地点, 场所,阶段)作先行词时，可以分为以下两种情况：①当其在从句中作状语，引导词用in /under which, where；②当其在从句中作主语或宾语时，引导词用that或which，作宾语时甚至什么都不用。例如
Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?
He has to face the conditions where pressure was heavy
This is a job where you can learn something.
注意：在定语从句中不是在任何情况下where都可以换成in which，比如way作先行词时；若是名词性从句或者状语从句，where是绝对不能用in which来替换的。看下面的两例：
This is where he lives 不能换
This is the place where he lives 可以换
所以，在做题时，我们一定要看清是什么从句。
九两个特殊句型：介词+关系副词
一般来讲，关系代词可以放在介词之后，英语中有两个特殊的形式：since when, from where
这两个形式通常用在非限制性定语从句中，例如：
The book was writtenin1946, since when the education systemhas witnessed great changes
这本书是在1946年写成的,自那以后,教育制度发生了很大的变化。
Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.
下马不久，上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。
注意，这两例中，since when 不能换成since then或者by then, from where不能换成from which，但是可以换成through which。
十定语从句的简化
把含有定语从句的复合句简化为单句，主要有一下几种方法
Ⅰ、把定语从句简化为形容词短语作定语。例如：
She received a box which was full of gifts.
→She received a box full of gifts.她收到了满满一盒子礼物。
Ⅱ、把定语从句简化为介词短语。例如：
The books which are under the bed aren't worth reading.
→The books under the bed aren't worth reading.床下那些书不值得读。
Ⅲ、把定语从句简化为不定式或不定式短语作定语。例如：
Have you anything that you want to say at the meeting?
→Have you anything to say at the meeting?你在会上有什么要说的吗？
Ⅳ、把定语从句变成不定式复合结构作定语。例如：
Is there anything else that we can do?
→Is there anything else for us to do?还有其它我们可做的事吗？
Ⅴ、把定语从句简化成现在分词短语作定语。例如：
The boy who stands against the door is his younger brother.
→The boy standing against the door is his younger bro ther.靠门站着的那个男孩是他弟弟。
Ⅵ、把定语从句简化为过去分词短语作定语。例如：
The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful.
→The dictionary bought for me by my mother is very useful.我母亲给我买的那本词典非常有用。
另外：还可以把表明身份、职业等非限定性定语从句简化为同位语结构。例如：
Lao Zhang,who was our hospital driver,died yesterday.
→Lao Zhang,our hospital driver,died yesterday.老张，我们医院的司机，昨天去世了。
The old man,who is a famous scientist,is coming to give us a report.
→The old man,a famous scientist,is coming to give us a report.那位老人，一个著名的科学家，要来给我们作报告。
十一定语从句中常见错误例析
在使用定语从句过程中,有些学生往往会出现这样或那样的错误.为避免这些错误,现对一些常见错误作以归纳：
1 从句中多余宾语
[误] The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.
[正] The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put into my mouth.
上例中,关系代词that或which在定语从句中作宾语,可省去,因此,从句中宾语it多余.
2 从句中缺少主语
[误] He is the professor gave us a speech yesterday.
[正] He is the professor who gave us a speech yesterday.
关系代词who 或that在定语从句中做主语不能省略,否则,句子结
构不完整.
3 从句中主谓不一致
[误]I, who is your friend, will try my best to help you.
[正]I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you.
定语从句中,关系代词做主语时,应注意主谓一致,也就是说,根据先行词的人称和数来确定从句中谓语动词的形式.如：-
I just spoke to the doctor who is an eye specialist.
He was the only one of youngest girls who plays in the band.
4搭配错误
[误]Don’t talk about such things that you d o not understand.
[正]Don’t talk about such things as you do not understand.
在such…as结构中,as所引导的中定语从句时,不能用其它关系代词代替,但在the same…as结构中,如属同类则用as,如: 如You’ve made the same mistake as I did,作not changed , not another or others之意时,则需用that，如You’ve made the same mist ake that you made last time。
5关系代词误用
（1）what与that误用
[误]All what she could do was to go back home.
[正]All that she could do was to go back home.
what一词不能引导定语从句.当先行词是all时,应用关系词that引导定语从句,另外,有些复合不定代词（如nothing everything:等）作先行词,或先行词受形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时,关系代词常用that 而不用which.如::They asked him to tell them everything that he saw in the factory.
（2）Who与whom误用
[误]The citizens ,most of who were workers ,welcomed the new mayor.
[正]The citizens ,most of whom were workers ,welcomed the
new mayor.
关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰人时用Whom;同样,关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰物时用which 如:The two things about which Marx was not sure were grammar and some of the idioms （3）that与which误用
[误]Tom ’s dog, that was very old now, became ill and died, [正]Tom’s dog, which was very old now , became ill and died 非限制定语从句,用关系代词which引导.
（4）that 与who误用
[误]They talked about an hour of things and persons who they’ ’re membered in the school.
[正]They talked about an hour of things and persons that they’re membered in the school.
先行词在多个,且既是人又是物时,要用关系代词that引导定词从句
6.关系代词与关系副词混淆
[误]I’ve been to the city where you visited last week.
[正]I’ve been to th e city that you visited last week
定词从句修饰代表地点、时问的先行词时,要看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中是否作谓语动词的宾语.如作动词的宾语,就要用关系代词that 或which引导定语从句.反之,要用关系副词where（表地点）或when（表时间）,在定语从句中作状语.如:Mary would never forget the evening when she lost the beautiful necklace
7.先行词混淆
[误]}Is this museum that you visited the other day?
[正]Is this museum the one you visited the other day?
该例中This museum 为主语,并非先行词.照句子结构缺少表语the one,即定语从句所修饰的先行词.
8.定词从句与强调句混淆
[误]Is it in this museum where he works?
[正]Is it in this museum that he works?
上例为强调句.需要记住的是,强调句型为止It is/was+被强调部分+that/who…不能与定语从句混淆.
9遗漏介词
[误]The person whom I spoke just now is the manager
[正]The person whom I spoke to just now is the manager.
该句的汉语意思是:“刚才和我说话的那个人是经理.”根据句意,定语从句中的关系代词whom在句子成分上就无处可放,无法解释.又如:This is the room that we lived last year.应改为:This is the room that we lived in last year（关系代词that作介词in的宾语,故不能遗漏）
10错用先行词前面的限定词
[误]My house which/that I bought last year has a lovely garden before it
[正]The house which/that I bought last year has a lovely garden before it.
[正]My house,which I bought last year, has a lovely garden before it,
11错用关系词.有以下几种情况:
（1）物主代词his不能引导定语从句
[误]I met Tom ,under his arm there was a book .
[正]I met Tom ,under whose arm there was a book .
（2）应该用关系词which而不用人称代词it .
[误]He lived in a house,in front of it stands a tall tree .
[正] He lived in a house,in front of which stands a tall tree .
(3) 应该用关系词whom,不应该用人称代词宾格them .
[误]I have two brothers ,all of them are in Beijing .
[正]I have two brothers,all of whom are in Beijing .
1. Never ever should we forget about the war in Iraq and sufferings caused to the people
there .
A. it
B. which
C. that
D. what
2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _____ many people have gone home.
A. that
B. which
C. whose time
D. by which time
3. Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
4. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.
A. it
B. that
C. this
D. which
5. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _____ effects he still suffers.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. what
6. It’s said that he’s looking for a new job, one ______ he can get more money to support his family.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
7. We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. when
8. The little time we have together we’ll try _____ wisely.
A. spending it
B. to spend it
C. to spend
D. spending that
9. The old building, behind _______ was a famous church, was _______ we used to work.
A. that, the place
B. it, the place
C. which, where
D. what, where
10. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _______ other visitors seldom go.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. when
11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, ______ the country became united.
A. when
B. if
C. since
D. until
12. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest.
A. once they grew
B. they grew once
C. that once grew
D. once grew
13. Y ou could see the runners very well from ______ we stood.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
14. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
15. What have you got _____ will help a cold?
A. what
B. that
C. it
D. who
16. He was very angry and I can still remember the way _____ he spoke to me.
A. how
B. that
C. what
17. Do you know the man from ________ house the pictures were stolen?
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whose
18. I can think of many cases _______ students obviously knew
a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why
B. which
C. as
D. where
19. Is this all that you need? If you married me, I’d give you everything you _____.
A. want
B. wanted
C. had wanted
D. are wanting
20. I met the teacher in the street yesterday ________ taught me English three years ago.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. who
21. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where
B. which
D. why
22. He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. which I think it
D. I think is
23. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who
B. which
C. this
D. what
24. Their problem today is somewhat similar to _____ they faced many years ago.
A. one
B. which
C. that which
D. it
25. I saw some trees the leaves of _____ were black with disease.
A. that
B. which
C. it
D. what
26. The famous basketballer, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where
B. when
D. who
27. When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings, the girl brought out a cheaper one, _______ she had arranged with James.
A. the which was what
B. what was that
C. which was what
D. that was that
【答案与解析】
1. 选A。it 在从句中作主语，从句中缺少cause的宾语
2. 选D。by which time 引出的是一个非限制性定语从句，其中by which time 相当于and by that time。
3. 选A。注意不能选D，因为动词explained 缺宾语。
4. 选D。which 指the road map。
5. 选C。from whose efforts he still suffers 为修饰a serious illness 的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语，修饰efforts。
6. 选B。where 引导定语从句修饰one。注：one 在此指a new job。类似地，下面一题的答案是C，因为one that 相当于 a problem that：
The problem is _____ has caused us a lot of trouble.
A. one
B. that
C. one that
D. that one
7. 选D。先行词是表时间的age(时代)，由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用when。
8. 选C。该句的正常词序为We will try to spend the little time we have together wisely.
9. 选C。第一空填which，指the old building；第二空填where，
用以引导表语从句。
10. 选C。先行词是地点名词places，由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用where。
11. 选A。when 引导的是非限制性定语从句。
12. 选C。that once grew in the forest 为修饰those 的定语从句。
13. 选B。where 在此相当于the place where。
14. 选B。the price of which was very reasonable 为非限制性定语从句，其中的the price of which 相当于and its price 或and the price of it。假若空格前有并列连词and，则可选C。
15. 选B。that will help a cold 为修饰what 的定语从句。比较：Have you got anything that will help
a cold? 以及I’ve got nothing that will help a cold.
16. 选B。the way 后不接how 引导的从句，换句说，how 不是关系代词或关系副词，不能引导定语从句。以the way 为先行词的定语从句通常用that 或in which 来引导，在非正式文体中也可省略that 和in which。
17. 选D。from whose house the pictures were stolen 为修饰the man 的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语，修饰house。
18. 选D。先行词是many cases，关系副词where =in which。
19. 选A。尽管句中用了if you married me, I’d give you everything 这样的虚拟语气句子，但修饰everything 的定语从句(that) you want 却要用陈述语语气，因为它是回答前面Is this all that you need? 这一提问的。
20. 选D。因定语从句缺主语，且关系代词指人，故选D。
21. 选A。where 所引导的为修饰a dangerous situation 的定语从句。
22. 选A。选项中的I think 是插入语，若略去不看便可清楚地看出答案。
23. 选B。of course 为插入语，若将项其去掉，则答案显然是B。
24. 选C。that which相当于the problem which。
25. 选B。the leaves of which 相当于whose leaves。
26. 选D。先行词是The famous basketballer(著名的篮球明星)，故要用who 来引导定语从句，因为其余三项均不用于指人。
27. 选C。which 引导一个非限制性定语从句，其中which 指代a cheaper one，且在定语从句中用
作主语。which was what 中的what引导一个表语从句，它相当于the one that。
定语从句十大难点 定语从句是中学英语教学的语法重点，也是难点。为了让同学们更好地掌握这个语法项目，本文对定语从句难点及重点加以分析归纳。请看题： 关系代词和关系副词的选择 选择关系代词还是关系副词要依据先行词在定语从句中所作的成分，关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which)；作定语时用whose引导定语从句。如试题1中指代先行词house的关系词作in的宾语，而不是状语，所以答案为A。 关系词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。如试题2中的关系词the days在从句中作状语，而不是宾语(从句中的宾语是our holidays)；试题3中的关系词在定语从句中作主状语。 比较：①I live in Wuxi，which is famous for Taihu Lake． ②I live in Wuxi，where Taihu Lake is protected by law． 例①，which在从句中作主语；where在从句中作状语。 that与which的区别 1．限制性定语从句的先行词指物，而且关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时既可以用that也可以用which，但是that不能引导非限制性定语从句，如试题4。 2．先行词是不定代词all，few，little，much，anything，nothing等词，关系代词用that。 3．先行词被序数词、形容词最高级以及all，any，every，few，the very，the only修饰时，用that作关系代词。如试题6。 4．在which疑问句中，关系代词用that而不用which。如试题7。 which与where的区别 如果定语从句分别修饰point，situation，activity．condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，而且关系词在从句中作状语，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，此时用where引导定语从句。如试题13。 “介词+关系代词”结构中的介词及关系代词的选择 关系代词作介词宾语，介词可前置，此时只能用whom．which而不能用that，who构成“介词+which／whom”的结构。 该结构中介词的选择，一要看先行词；二要看与定语从句谓语动词的搭配；三要看句意。如试题9，period 后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语，要用when，而此题中没有when，所以要选择in which相当于in the period。 再如试题10，先行词direction和定语从句的谓语come之间要用介词from。 注意1．若为短语动词(即固定搭配)，那么介词不能放在关系词前面，如：look after，take care of，look for等。 2．关系副词在意义上相当于“介词+which”。 I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which) he arrived． The office where(=in which) he works is on the third floor． This is the chief reason why(=for which) we did it． “不定代词、数词或名词+of which／whom”引出非限制性定语从句。表示整体中的一部分。 如：There are 40 students in our class，27 of whom are boys．我们班有40名学生，其中27名是男生。 例如试题11是“代词+of whom”结构，先行词是人，所以用whom。 试题14，是“名词+of、which”结构。 关系代词whose的用法 先行词在定语从句中作定语用whose。 I’ve got a car，whose type is popular．我拥有一辆小汽车，其车型现在非常受欢迎。 又如试题12，其中whose company又作介词in的宾语。此题关键弄清关系词与后面的名词的所属关系，问题就迎刃而解了。 此外，whose从句可转换为“名词+of which”型，如试题14从句部分可以改写为：whose hands were set with small diamonds。再如： They live in a house，whose door opens to the south．
定语从句的重点和难点 语法要点 The Attributive Clauses (定语从句) 定语从句在前面已经讨论过．本单元要讨论的是重点和难点． 一个简单句在关系代词的引导下, 在句中作定语修饰某一名词或代词, 这样的句子叫定语从句．根据定语从句与先行词的关系是否紧密, 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句． 1．先行词与关系词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词． 引导名词性从句和状语从句的词叫连词, 而引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 由于关系词在从句中的作用不同, 又分为关系代词和关系副词．关系词的作用： 1) 引导 (位于从句句首) 2) 指代 (指代句某一名词, 或全句) 3) 成分 (在从句中的成分) 2．使用关系词时要注意以下问题 定语从句中, 关系代词在从句中作主语, 其后的谓语的人称和数要与先行词保持一致． 【例】My father, who is over 90 years old, is respected by all．我的父亲今年九十多岁了, 受到了大家的尊敬． Here's a letter from Mr Brown, who wants to come to Paris．有一封布朗先生的来信, 他要来巴黎． 3．关系词在定语从句中的用法 1) 关系代词who 引导的定语从句 who指人, 在从句中作主语． 【例】The girl who took you to my place is my friend. 带你来我这的那个女孩是我朋友． 2) 关系代词whom引导的定语从句 whom指人, 在从句中作宾语．
【例】The young men whom he employs are always complaining about their long hours．他雇佣的那群年轻人老是抱怨工作时间长． 3) 关系代词whose引导的定语从句 whose表示所属关系, 指人或指物, 在从句中作定语． 【例】The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him． 这部电影是关于一个间谍, 其妻子背叛了他． 4) 关系代词that引导的定语从句 that指人或指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语． 【例】 All the apples that fall down are eaten by the pigs． 所有掉在地上的苹果都被猪吃了． The young lady that wears a blue blouse is a singer． 穿蓝色罩衣的年轻妇女是一位歌手． 5) 关系代词which引导的定语从句． which指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语． 【例】The stairs which lead to the language lab are rather slippery．通往语言室的楼梯有点滑． 6) 关系副词when引导的定语从句． when表示时间, 在从句中作状语, 常常修饰表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, hour等) ． 【例】We won't forget the days when we stayed with you．我们不会忘记我们相处的日子． 7) 关系副词where引导的定语从句． where表示地点, 在从句中作状语, 常常修饰表示地点的名词(如place, room, house, square等) ． 【例】The house where Lu Xun once lived has become a place of interest．鲁迅曾住过的房子已经变为名胜了． 8) 关系副词how引导的定语从句 how表示方式, 在从句中作状语, 常常修饰表示方式的名词 (如way, method等) ．
定语从句难点解析 定语从句难点解析 一．关于that的知识点 ① that在所有的复合句中我们都能看见 例如：it has been decided that the meeting should be put off (主语从句) She told us so interesting an story that we all forget about the time (结果状语从句) She told me everything that she knows (定语从句) 如何确定何时填that呢？ that在所有的名词性从句中都不作任何成分，不翻译，无意义；that在状语从句中要和其他词连用才能引导状语从句，例如in order that, so(such)……that,on condition that等等；that在定语从句中作从句的主宾表，有时替代when,where,why在从句中作状语，但是that不能做介词的宾语，不能引导非限制性定语从句。 二．关于which的知识点 ① which只能引导名词性从句（表示哪一个，使用时要有选择范围）和定语从句（在从句中作主宾表定。例如： Ask him which he wants,A or B （宾语从句） A prosperity(繁荣) which had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（定语从句） He stayed there for quite a long time, during which time he learned much spoken English.（定语从句，作定语，表示“这个”的含义。而whose表示“谁的”） ②只能用that的情况以及只能用that的情况 只用that的情况：ⅰ先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little；ⅱ先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；ⅲ先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；ⅳ先行词既有人又有物时。 只用which的情况：ⅰ引导非限制性定语从句；ⅱ先行词是整个
定语从句重点难点归纳 思考:名从和定从的引导词一样吗？ 1. 引导定语从句的关系代词没有what, whatever, however对吗？ 2. That 在名词性从句和定语从句中的不同？ 3. 定语从句和同位语从句的不同？ 4. 定从的难点在那里？ 定语从句关系词 关系代词： 指人：who, whom, 指人和物：that, whose 指物：which, as 关系副词：when, where, how, why §如果表示地点，时间，原因，方式的先行词做后面从句的宾语或主语时，引导词用that / which. 请指出关系代词/副词在定语从句中的成份： 1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( ) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( ) 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ) 5. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( ) 6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( ) 7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( ) 8. We shall never the days when we lived together. ( ) 考点1：that 与which 1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice. 3) Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen. 5) She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth. 考点2：the way用做先行词，填上合适的关系词并分析原因： 1.The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple. 3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 一：that的用法 以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。(something 除外） e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. **先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some修饰时也用that. 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read. 3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。 e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly. 二：which的用法 Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her mouth. 2. The weather turned out to be good, ___ was more than we could expect. 三：介词+关系代词 “of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。
定语从句重点难点分析 定语从句是英语中的一个重要语法结构，它可以用来修饰名词，并且起到进一步限定或补充说明的作用。学习和掌握定语从句的使用是学习英语语法的重点之一，也是英语写作和阅读理解的关键。本文将对定语从句的重点和难点进行分析。 一、定语从句的定义及功能 定语从句是指用来修饰名词或代词的一个句子。它与先行词之间有着紧密的逻辑关系，起到限定或补充说明的作用。通过定语从句的引入，可以更加精确地描述事物，提高语言表达的准确性。 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对先行词进行了必要的限制和具体化，如果删除定语从句，句子的意思会有所丧失。非限制性定语从句则对先行词进行了非必要的补充说明，如果删除定语从句，整个句子的意思仍然完整。 例如： 1. The book that she lent me is very interesting.（限制性定语从句） 2. Mr. Smith, who is our English teacher, is very patient.（非限制性定语从句） 二、定语从句的引导词
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。其中，关系代词包括that、which、who、whom、whose等；关系副词包括when、where、why等。选择正确的引导词对于构成合乎语法的定语从句至关重要。 1. 关系代词的用法： a) that: 引导限制性定语从句，可用来修饰人和物。 b) which: 引导非限制性定语从句，只用来修饰物。 c) who/whom: 引导限制性定语从句，只用来修饰人。 d) whose: 引导限制性定语从句，用来表示所属关系。 2. 关系副词的用法： a) when: 引导修饰时间的定语从句。 b) where: 引导修饰地点的定语从句。 c) why: 引导修饰原因的定语从句。 三、定语从句的语法结构 定语从句的语法结构一般由先行词、关系词、从句主语、从句谓语等组成。根据先行词的不同，定语从句可以分为人称代词定语从句、物主代词定语从句、关系副词引导的定语从句等。 1. 人称代词定语从句： a) 引导词：who/whom/whose/that（修饰人）
定语从句教学重难点 定语从句是我们中学考试的一个考点，也是我们同学们需要掌握的。下面搜集了定语从句教学重难点内容，不妨去了解一下吧! 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一.词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物 主语 Who which that 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2.关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的`整个主
最新定语从句中介词加关系副词的用法重 点难点分析 引言 定语从句是英语中常见的句子结构，用来修饰名词或代词。而在定语从句中，介词加关系副词的使用是一个重点且常见的难点。本文将重点分析最新定语从句中介词加关系副词的用法，并解释相关的重点和难点。 介词和关系副词的基本概念 + 介词：介词是用来表示名词与其他词语之间关系的虚词，如in、on、for等。 + 关系副词：关系副词是用来引导定语从句的虚词，它们有when、where和why三个。 介词加关系副词的用法案例 1. 介词加when - The time when we first met was unforgettable. - I'll never forget the day when we went hiking together.
2. 介词加where - This is the park where we often play basketball. - The café where she works is very popular. 3. 介词加why - That's the reason why she refused the offer. - I don't understand the reason why he is always late. 介词加关系副词的注意事项 1. 关系副词只能引导时间、地点和原因的定语从句。 - This is the way when/where/why we usually go to school. (正确) - This is the reason who/which we need to find. (错误) 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句可以放在句首或句末。 - I will never forget the day when we first met. (关系副词放句末) - When we first met, I will never forget that day. (关系副词放句首) 3. 关系副词在定语从句中可以省略。
定语从句难点分析 定语从句难点分析 定语从句一个重要语法内容，我们来看看应该怎么！ 定语从句难点分析 首先要理解定语从句的概念——修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。看个例子：she is the girl (whom) I met at the party. 从定义我们得出 1）从句是跟在名词或代词之后的，并起修饰作用。 2）从句部分须缺成分，所缺的成分由先行词充当。分析先行词在从句中所充当的成分来确定用关系代词还是关系副词。 例句中先行词返回从句应为：I metthe girlat the party. The girl在从句中作宾语，因此用关系代词whom或省略。 咱们在来分析一个句子：I will never forget the day ____ I went to university 先行词the day返回从句应为：I went to universityon the day.The day在从句中作时间状语，因此用when或on which. 再来看一下几种定语从句中的稍难现象。 1.关系代词前有时会出现加介词的'情况，如何选择介词？ e.g: The man ____ she is married is an engineer. 和她结婚的那个人是个工程师。 把先行词the man返回从句为：she is married to the man. 和某人结婚的固定搭配为：be married to sb因此介词to不能丢。 先行词为人，用介词＋whom.先行词为物，用介词＋which 答案为：to whom 再看几组： ①This is the book _____ I spent five yuan. ②This is the book______I paid five yuan. ③This is the book_____I learnt a lot. 完整的从句分别为：I spent five yuanonthe book
定语从句难点解析 学习必备欢迎下载 定语从句难点解析一、关系代词与关系副词的选择 The house _________ they live in is not large. The house in _______ they live is not large. This is the factory ________ my father visited . This is the factory ________ my father worked. October 1 is a day ________ we will never forget. October 1 is a day ______our new China was founded. Is this flat ____________ you once lived in? Is this the flat _________ you once lived in? Is this the only flat _____ you once lived in? Is this the only ship ________ they went to Shanghai. Is this the only ship _________ they can buy. I’ve forgotten all_______ he said just now. I’ve forgotten _______ he said just now. The news ____ a big forest fire broke out is known to all of us. The news _________ I heard yesterday is known to all of us. He failed in the exam, ________ we all know. _____ we all expect, he passed the exam. He is one of the students_______ ______ passed the exam. He is the only one of the students______ ______ passed the exam. 二、介词+关系代词(which/whom/whose) 1.This is the office ( ) I used to work. 2.The bed is the one ( ) he slept. 3. I never forget the time ( ) I spent my childhood in the country. 4.I’d like you to explain the reason ( ) you were absent.
定语从句学习难点例析 宜城一中英语组陈春香 一、如何选用关系代词/关系副词？ 1. The city that/ which lies in the center of Hubei Province has a large population.(作主语，指物) The city (that/ which )you described to me yesterday has a large population. (作宾语，可省略，指物) The city where/in which I was brought up has a large population. (作地点状语) The city whose population is the largest in China lies in the east. (作定语，指某物的…) 2. I’ve forgotten the exact day when/ on which he gave me the film copy. (作时间状 语) I’ve forgotten the exact day( that/ which) he fixed for me to have the operation. (作宾语，可省略，指物） 3. The reason( that/ which) he gave us was hard to accept. (作宾语，可省略，指物） The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early bus. (作原因状语)选用关系代词还是关系副词，不仅仅要看先行词表示什么意义，更重要的是一定要看先行词在后面的定语从句中充当什么成份。若作主语、宾语、表语就用关系代词（that, which, who, whom ,whose, as)。若作时间、地点、原因状语就用关系副词(when, where, why)。 二、关系代词that引导定语从句时的“六用，三不用”原则 1. 六用原则 （1）先行词为everything, anything, nothing, something, all, few, little, much等或先行词被all, every, any, no, little, much修饰时。 All that can be done has been done. You can take any book that you like. （2）先行词为形容词最高级或先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best book that I have ever read. （3）先行词为序数词或先行词被序数词修饰时。 This is the first time that I have heard of it. The last place that we visited was the Great Wall. （4）先行词被the only, the very, the right等修饰时。 This is the very watch that I lost the other day. 注意:以上（2）（3）（4）若先行词指人，也可用who, whom,但常用that. You are the only person that/ who can help me. （5）先行词包括人和物两者时。 They talked about the persons and the things that they remembered in the school.（6）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? 2. 三不用原则 （1）先行词是-one或-body构成的复合不定代词时，不能用that,而用who或whom.
定语从句的难点与考点 一、先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时，何时用when, where, why引导定从， 何时用which/that引导定从。 1.This is the house _______he lived 10 years ago. 2.This is the house_______ he bought 10 years ago. 3.I will never forget the day _______ I joined the army. 4.I will never forget the day ________ I spent with you in Beijing. 5.I don’t believed the reason _______ he was late for school. 6.I don’t believed the reason _______ he gave me for his absence. 归纳： 1.先行词在从句作状语，得加____词，说明关系词引导定从，作从句的_____， 这时必须用关系副词when, where, why引导定从，作从句的状语。关系副词也可用介词+____ 来替换。 2.先行词在从句作主语或宾语，说明关系词引导定从作从句的______或 ______，这时用关系代词______ 或______引导定从，作从句的主语或宾语。 高考真题： 1. A fast food restaurant is the place _______, just as the name suggested, eating is performing quickly. 2.The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attraction. A. which B. what C. that D. where 3. We are ling in an age _____ many things are done by computers. A. where B. which C. when D. that 二、当先行词是situation, occasion, case, activity, stage, degree, point,时，且又在从句中作状语时，常关系副词来引导定语从句。 situation/case/activity/stage-------where( in which ) point-----where ( at which) degree-----where ( to which) occasion-----when ( on which) eg. 1. Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation ______you felt very embarrassed （尴尬）. 2. He has reached a point _________nobody can compare with him. 注意：当先行词作从句的主语或宾语时，则用which/that来引导定从。 eg. I can think of many cases _______ you know nothing about. 高考真题： 1. I have reach a point in my life _____ I am supposed to make decision of my own.
定语从句的10个难点 1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句) (1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that) (2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that) (3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较：Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略） 2.先行词是人(that/who的区别) (1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for. (2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study. 3.先行词是物(that / which的区别) (1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us. (2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate? 4.As引导定语从句用法 (1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表
英语语法：定语从句学习难点讲析 定语从句是各类从句学习的重点,也是难点。同学们在学习中常遇到一些难题,出现一些错误。下面就几个难点作一讲析。 一、如何正确使用连接主从句的引导词 一个定语从句的引导词是用关系代词还是关系副词,这是同学们首先遇到的一个难题,由于把握不准,所以出错较多。请看以下例子: 1. A. That is the school _____________we studied three years ago. B. That is the school ____________ we built three years ago. 2. A. I’ve forgotten the exact day ______ he gave me the film copy. B. I’ve forgotten the exact day ______ he fixed for me to have the operation. 3. A. Beijing is a city ____________ there is the famous Summer Palace. B. Beijing is Chi na’s political and cultural center, ____________ has the most universities. 这三组句子中的A、B句看上去很相近,因此,同学们在判断空格线上所使用的引导词时很容易出错。我们来做一解析:上述各组A句中先行词所表示的是从句中谓语动词动作发生的地点或时间,如1A句空格中指的是in the school, 2A句空格中指的是on the day, 3A句空格中指的是in the city,因此,引导词指的是状语,从句谓语动词与先行词之间是一种"谓状"关系,要分别用where, when, where;而上面各组B句中的先行词表示的是定语从句的宾语或主语,如1B 句中的built the school, 2B句中的fixed the day, 3B句中的the place has,从句谓语动词与先行词之间是一种"动宾"或"主谓"关系,因此,引导词要用关系代词that或which(3B句是一个非限制性定语从句,只能用which)。 通过解析我们可知:判断是用关系代词还是关系副词要看先行词在从句中的指代。如果是谓语与状语的关系,就用关系副词,如果是主谓或是动宾关系就用关系代词。 二、弄清几个问题 1. 区别清"It +be"引导的强调句与带有定语从句的复合句。请看下列两组句子: A. It was September 11, 2001 ________ the World Trade Center in New York was attacked. B. It was on September 11, 2001_______ the World Trade Center in New York was attacked. A. It was Wuhan ____________ Jill met the three-year-old girl and adopted her. B. It was in Wuhan ____________ Jill met the three-year-old girl and adopted her. 以上两组A、B句除了分别相差介词on 和in之外,其余部分完全相同。但一词之差句式不同,横线上的词也不同。那么究竟哪个是强调句,哪个是含定语从句的复合句呢?有一个简单的判定方法:去掉It was和连接词(横线部分)。如果剩余部分仍是一个完整的句子,则是强调句;否则,那个空格中所用的引导词及其引导的部分就是定语从句。根据这个原则我们就很容易判断出两组的A句是含定语从句的复合句,横线部分分别用关系副词when 和where。而B 句则是强调句,横线部分应是that。 2. 定冠词的有无 有时定冠词在句中有决定性的作用。有无定冠词影响着定语从句的结构。如: (1) This is one of the books that_______ (sell) well in the bookstore. (2) This is the one of the books that _________ (sell) well in the bookstore. sell取单数还是复数?分析:在(1)中,that 引导的定语从句修饰的是the books, 而(2)中one前有了一个the, 句子重心前移,这时从句修饰的是the one。因此(1)应用sell, (2)应用sells。 再看: