如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义
词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词组；了解构词法知识，如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀，以及词语的合成和转化等；并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。尽管如此，在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义，因此，我们必须学会如何猜测词义。任何一个词语，在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑：
一、根据定义或解释猜测词义
A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
What does the word “carpenter” mean in Chinese?
A.诗人
B.木匠
C.厨师
D.伐木工人
通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是B“木匠”
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is usef ul. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….
Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.
A. makes everyone know a secret
B. the woman bout a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag
D. sells the cat in the bag
在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。
二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断
As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.
In the text, “put an end to” means “______”.
A. Stop
B. Cut
C. Kill
D. fly
根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。
三、根据并列或同位或对比关系猜测词义
There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.
What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?
A.自来水
B.大气
C.冰川
D.蒸汽
从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
What does the word “grubby” mean in Chinese?
A.干净的
B.白皙的
C.肮脏的
D.整齐的
和clean意思相对的是“肮脏的”，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”
四、根据因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.
What does the word “blame” mean in Chinese?
A. 表扬
B. 告诉
C. 责备
D. 原谅
通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可知blame的词义是"责备"。
She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
What does the word “trim” mean in Chinese?
根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意
五、根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，（dis－disadvantage （缺点）in- incorrect（不正确的）im-impossible（不可能的）un- unemployment （失业）mis－misunderstand（误解）Re- reuse（重复使用）就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如：
The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable.
What does the word “unforgettable” mean in Chinese?
A. 淡忘的
B. 清晰的
C. 难忘的
D. 高兴的
利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道unforgettable就是“令人难忘的”意思。
六、根据背景和常识判断
The following morning when I went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What had happened! I had taken extremely care of my little bird. Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “A mother mockingb ird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”
An ornithologist['?rn?'θɑl?d??st] is probably a person who ______.
A. studies birds
B. loves creatures
C. majors in habits
D. takes care of trees
Ornithologist 这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案是A。
A. 阅读以下名片，并回答问题（建议只看一遍）
Chaoyang Foreign Language School Harry Green
English Teacher
Add: 38 Chaoyang Street Beijing 100029
E-mail: chinlj@https://www.doczj.com/doc/c17832857.html,
Tel: (010) 65794231 Beijing Children Hospital
Zhang jing
Doctor
Add: 56 Nanlishi Road Beijing 100045
Tel: (010) 68028401
() 1. Harry is a ________, and Zhangjing is a ________.
A. teacher, teacher
B. doctor, doctor
C. teacher, doctor
() 2. If child is ill, you may call Zhangjing. Her telephone number is _______
A. (010) 6594231
B. (010) 68028401
C. 100029
() 3. A card mainly tells us a person's _____.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c17832857.html, and work
B. telephone number
C. both A and B
() 4. Harry Green e-mail is _________.
A.chinlj@https://www.doczj.com/doc/c17832857.html,
B. chanlj@https://www.doczj.com/doc/c17832857.html,
C. chinj@https://www.doczj.com/doc/c17832857.html,
() 5. Zhang Jing's postal code is _____.
A. 100045
B. 100029
C. (010) 68028401
答案C B C A A
这道题，建议只看一遍是为了测试看你的瞬间记忆能力如何，在实际的日常生活中，我们经常会遇到类似的问题。阅读第一篇常考，简单，快速，用时少
B.Most people who work in the office have a boss (老板). So do I (我也是). But my boss is a little unusual. What's unusual about him? It's a big dig. Many men have dogs, but few men bring their dogs to the office every day. My boss's dog, Robinson, is big and brown. My boss brings him to work every day. He takes the dog to meetings and he takes the dog to lunch. When there is telephone call for my boss, I always know if he is in the office. I only look under his desk. If I see something brown and hairy (毛绒绒的) under it, I know my boss is somewhere in the office. If there is no dog , I know my boss is out.
1. People _________bring dogs to the office.
A. usually
B. often
C. seldom (几乎不)
D. sometimes
2. My boss is Robinson's ________.
A. boss
B. master
C. classmate
D. teacher
3. Robinson goes to meetings _________ my boss.
A. for
B. without
C. instead of (代替)
D. with
4. Robinson is always under the desk if the boss is _________.
A. in the office
B. at meetings
C. out of the office
D. out of work
5. The passage tells us the boss _________ the dog very much.
A. looks like
B. hates (恨)
C. likes
D. trust(信任)
答案C B D A C
1.由日常生活的常识可知，很少有人带狗上班
2.通读全文，我的BOSS 是个人，也就是说是狗的主人
3.with有“跟某人一起”的意思，例如：I go to see a film with my parents.”5.通过整篇文章的阅读，可以判断除了C外，其他的选项都不符合原文的意思
C.When people meet each other for the first time in Britain, they say “How do you do?”and shake hands(握手). Usually they do not shake hands when they just meet or say goodbye. But they shake hands after they haven’t met for a long time or
when they will be away from each other for a long time.
Last year a group of German students went to England for a holiday. Their teacher told them that the English people hardly shake hands. So when they met their English friends at the station, they kept their hands behind their backs. The English students had learned that the Germans shake hands as often as possible, so they put their hands in front and got ready to shake hands with them. It made both of them laugh.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案，将其标号填入题前括号内。（2×5）
（1）It is if you know the language and some of the customs of the country.
A.not useful
B.not helpful
C.very helpful
D.very bad
（2）English people usually shake hands when they.
A.meet every time
B.meet for the first time
C.say goodbye to each other
D.say hello to each other
（3）Usually English people don’t shake hands.
A.when they will be away for a long time
B.when they say“How do you do?”
C.when they just meet or say goodbye
D.after they haven’t met for a long time
（4）Which is right?
A.German people shake hands as often as possible.
B.English people like shaking hands very much.
C.German people hardly shake hands.
D.Neither English people nor Germans like shaking hands.
（5）This story is about .
A.shaking hands
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c17832857.html,nguages
C.customs
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c17832857.html,nguages and customs
答案：(1) C(2) B(3) C(4) A(5) C
D. Visitors to London often eat in restaurants . The owners and workers in them are all from other countries. The visitors say in these restaurants they don't feel they are in England. Most of English people eat at home as much as they can. Sometimes they themselves will think they are in another country when they are in restaurants. When an Englishman goes out of a restaurant, he may find that he doesn't understand why everything is written in French and Italian.
Most of English people think it is better to eat at home, because it is cheaper. They don't want to spend much money on food and they like cooking at home. They like fast food. But for Christmas, they will spend two or three weeks to get ready for it, because they want to have good food.
6. Visitors to London often eat in restaurants because_________.
A. they don't like the food at home
B. their homes are not in London
C. it's cheaper
D. restaurants are beautiful places
7. When English people eat in restaurants , they sometimes think __________.
A. they are in another country
B. they are in the country
C. they are themselves
D. they love their country
8. Some of English people don't know __________.
A. why everything comes from French and Italian
B. why people write everything in French and Italian
C. everything in restaurants
D. everyone in restaurants
9. English people eat at home because __________.
A. it is fast
B. the food is expensive at home
C. it is sometimes very cheap
D. the food is very cheap at home
10._________ English people will spend much time for Christmas .
A. In order to get more food
B. In order to have much food
C. In order to get good food
D. In order to have enough food
6.B游客由于家不在伦敦，只好到餐馆吃饭。
7.A由于英国人不习惯在外吃饭，就餐者多为外国人，因此英国人误以为在外国。
8.B英国人搞不明白为什么餐馆里的东西用法语和意大利语来写。
9.D英国人在家吃饭，主要原因是便宜。
10.C为了在过圣诞节时能吃上丰盛的饭菜，英国人总要花上很长时间准备。
E.The world is not hungry , but it is thirsty . It seems strange that nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water while we say we are short of (短缺) water. Why? Because about 97% of water on the earth is sea water which we can't drink or use for watering plants directly (直接地) . Man can only drink and use the 3% - the water that comes from rivers and lakes. And we can't even use all of that, because some of it has been polluted (污染) .
Now more water is needed. The problem is: Can we avoid (避免) a serious water shortage later on? First, we should all learn how to save water. Secondly, we should find out the ways to reuse it . Scientists have always been making studies in the field. Today, in most large cities water is used only once and then runs to the sea or rivers . But it can be used again. Even if (即使) every large city reused its water, still there would not be enough. What could people turn to next?
The sea seems to have the best answer. There is a lot of water in the sea. All that needs to be done is to get the salt out of the sea water. This is expensive, but it's already used in many parts of the world. Scientists are trying to find a cheaper way of doing it. So you see, if we can find a way out, we'll be in no danger of drying up.
1 . The world is thirsty because ________.
A. 3/4 of the earth is covered with water
B. we have enough sea water to use directly
C. we haven't used all the water in rivers and lakes
D. about 97% of water on the earth can't be drunk or used for watering plants directly
2. Which of the following is true ?
A. 3% of water on the earth is in rivers and lakes.
B. 75% of water on the earth is the sea.
C. 97% of the earth is covered with water.
D. 3% of water on the earth is sea water.
3. From the passage we learn _________.
A. if every city reuses its water, we'll be in no danger of drying up
B. man can only drink and use about 25% of water on the earth
C. today in most large cities water is used only once
D. water can be used only once
4 . To avoid the serious water shortage , which of the following is the most important?
A. Save water and try to make good use of the water in rivers and lakes.
B. Don't pollute water and keep all rivers and lakes clean.
C. Make dirty water clean and then reuse it.
D. Try to find a cheaper way to get the salt out of the sea water.
5. The name of the passage would be ________
A. The Sea Water
B. How to Save Water
C. The Thirsty World
D. The Polluted Water
答案1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C
其中5．是主旨大意题。文章第一段叙述世界上仅有3％的水能使用；第二段叙述人们需要淡水，想尽办法节约用水；第三段概述海水淡化的昂贵以及缺水的危险。本文着重解释为什么地球是个thirsty world ，如何解决它的饥渴，故选C
F. We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers. Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights , and there my wife saw the bookshelf.
It stood outside a furniture (家具)shop. "Buy it," she said at once. "We'll carry it home on the roof-rack (车顶架) . I've always wanted one like that . "
What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer, and the bookshelf was tied on to the roof-rack. It was tall and narrow, quite heavy too .
As it was getting darker, I drove slowly . Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through . Carrying furniture was a good idea.
After a time my wife said, "There's a long line of cars behind . Why don't they overtake (超车) ?"
Just at that time a police car did overtake. The two officers (警官)inside looked at us seriously when they went past . But then , with a kind smile they asked us to follow their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at our village church (教堂) . One of the offices came to me.
"Right, sir, " he said. "Do you need any more help now?"
I didn't quite understand . "Thanks, officer, " I said . "You've been very kind. I lived just down the road. "
He was looking at our things: first at the flowers, then at the bookshelf. "Well, Well, " he said and laughed . "It's a bookshelf you've got there ! We thought it was-er, something else . "
My wife began to laugh . Suddenly I understood why the police drove here .
I smiled at the officer. "Yes, it's a bookshelf, but thanks again." I drove home as fast as I could .
1 . From the story we know that ___________.
A . the writer was poor and didn't buy the bookshelf for his wife
B . the writer's wife didn't like the bookshelf at all
C . the writer was always glad to buy something for his wife
D . the writer was not very willing to buy the bookshelf for his wife
2 . What made the writer think that carrying furniture was "a good idea"?
A . He could drive slowly and it was safe.
B . Other drivers would let him go first .
C . His wife could use a new bookshelf.
D . He could save a lot of money and time.
3 . Why were the police and other drivers so kind to the writer?
A . Because they thought the writer liked studying very much and needed a bookshelf.
B . Because they didn't think it was polite to overtake a car with a bookshelf on it .
C . Because they thought somebody in the writer's family had died and he needed help .
D . Because they thought it was dangerous to carry a bookshelf on a car.
4 . Why did the writer's wife begin to laugh?
A . Because now she knew what mistake the police had made.
B . Because at last her husband understood why the police had driven to the church .
C . Because the officer was always looking at the flowers and the bookshelf.
D . Because the police had helped them a lot .
5 . When did the officers begin to realize (意识到)they had made a mistake?
A . Before they arrived at the church.
B . Before they overtook the writer's car
C . After one of them looked at the flowers and the bookshelf carefully at the church.
D . After the writer's family left the church.
答案: 1．D。文中有这样的句子：What could l do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer…可以看出作者是出于无奈才买的书架
2．B。因为大家都为他们让路。
3．C。此题是推理题，因为书架再加上鲜花，看上去很像棺材，所以其他人对他们都很有礼貌，因为他们认为作者家有人去世了。
4．A。
5．C。本题是细节题，从文中可直接找到答案。
G. A very new, young officer was at a station. He was on his way to visit his mother in another town, and he wanted to telephone her to tell her the time of this train , so that she could meet him at the station in her car．He look in all his pockets, but round that he did not have the right money for the telephone, so he went outside and looked around for someone to help him.
At last an old soldier came by, and the young officer stopped him and said, “Have you got change（零钱）for ten pence（便士）?”
“Wait a moment, ”the old soldier answered. He began to put his hand in his pocket,
“I'll see whether I can help you. ”
“Don't you know how to speak to an officer?”the young man said angrily. “Now let's start again. Have you got change for ten pence? ”
“No, sir,”the old soldier answered quickly.
1．The young officer and his mother lived______.
A．in the same town B．in different places
C．in another town D．in the other town
2．The young officer Wanted to telephone his mother to tell her______.
A．that he was going to visit her
B．where his train would leave for
C．what time his train would arrive at the station
D．that he was then at the station
3．He looked around for help because he______.
A．had no money to make the phone call
B．did not know where to make the phone call
C．needed some change for the phone call
D．wanted to get change from the old soldier
4．The young officer was angry because he thought the old soldier______.
A．was polite to him B．was not polite to him
C．didn't know how to speak to him D．didn't like to help him at all 5．Which of the following is not true?
A．Both the young officer and the old soldier were angry.
B．The young officer wanted his mother to meet him at the station.
C．He wanted the old soldier to speak to him in a polite way.
D．He didn't know the soldier before.
答案：BCCBA
八年级英语阅读理解专项练习 A One day a rich man and a businessman met in a restaurant. For their lunch they both ordered soup. When it was brought, the rich man tasted it, but the soup was so hot that he burned his mouth and tears came into his eyes. The businessman asked him why he was crying. The rich man didn’t want to tell the truth and he told a lie,“Sir, I had a brother who was killed last year. I was thinking of his death, and that made me cry.”The businessman believed his story and began to eat his soup. He also burned his mouth so much that he had tears in his eyes. The rich man noticed it and asked the businessman,“Sir, why do you cry?”The businessman, who now saw that the rich man had cheated him, answered,“Oh, I’m crying because you were not killed together with your brother. I) 根据短文内容判断正（Ｔ）误（Ｆ）（５分） ( )76.The rich man didn’t tell the truth. ( )77.Though the rich man burned the mouth, he shouldn’t have told the lie. ( )78.The rich man had a brother who was burned. ( )79.The businessman believed the rich man’s story at first. ( )80.The businessman’s answer showed that he was very happy. II) 根据短文内容将下列句子排序．（５分） 81.They ordered the soup and the soup was so hot that the rich man
初二英语阅读理解精选题(一) My class will put on a short play in English at the end of the year. Yesterday our English teacher gave us copies of the play. “Choose a character in the play whom you’d like to be, ”she told us. “This afternoon learn a few lines of this part for homework. Then tomorrow you can say those lines in front of the class. I’ll decide who play each part.” I wanted to have one of the bigger parts in the play, so I choose the part of the king. He has a lot of lines to say. I learned them by heart. This morning in our English lesson we had to say our lines. I acted the part of the king. When I said my lines, I put a lot of expression into my acting. I thought I acted really well. Everyone in the class read a part and then the teacher who would play each part. Many of the students in my class couldn’t act at all. They couldn’t even read without making lots of mistakes. I was sure that I would get a big part in the play. However, the teacher gave me the part of a soldier. He has only one line. It is, “Yes, sir!” I was very disappointed. At the end of the lesson I went up to her and asked her why I had such a small part. “You put too much expression in your acting,” she said. “Good acting is not big acting. It is acting the audience can believe in.” I think I know what she means. 48. What did the boy want to do in the play? A. To get an important part B. To organize the play C. To get a large acting part. D. To work the lights. 49. How did the boy feel when the teacher told the class they would put on a play? A. Bored. B. Sad. C. Excited. D. Unhappy.
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
八年级英语阅读理解试题及答案讲解01 A meteorite (陨石) almost hit an 80-year-old man named Arthur Pettifer in Britain when he was working in his garden. The meteorite was the biggest in the past 26 ye ars in Britain. The meteorite weighed (重量) one kilo, and might be over four thousand million (百万) years old. “I hear the big noise in the air. I looked up and saw the tops of the trees coming and going,” he said. “I didn't know what it was.” Meteorites are small things from the small planets in space. About 3,500 meteorite s may fall on earth every year, but only very few are found. Mr. Pettifer's meteorite is the fifth to fall in Britain since the Second World War. Mr. Pettifer is glad. “When you think about it coming from so far away, it really is something strange.” 1. The meteorite was Mr Pettifer when it fell down. A. close to B. far from C. hitting D. coming to 2. The meteorite was already years old. A. 40,000,000,000 B. 40,000,000 C. 400,000,000 D. 4,000,000,000 3. Mr. Pettifer found the tops of the trees coming and going because . A. the trees were afraid B. the fast falling meteorite kept the tree tops moving C. it was going to rain D. the moving was made by wind 4. people see a meteorite fall although they visit the earth often each year. A. Quite a few B. some C. Few D. Many
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶）at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
八年级英语阅读理解专练(一) A On Fridays I come home from work at about 2:00 in the afternoon and I just have a rest. On Friday evenings I don’t go out, but sometimes a friend of 1 comes 2 dinner. He or she 3 the wine and I cook the meal. I love cooking! We listen to music or we just 4 . On Saturday mornings I get up at 9:00 and I go to the 5 . Then 6 the evenings I sometimes go to see a film. I love films! Then I eat in my 7 Chinese restaurant. On Sunday ﹍Oh, On Sunday mornings I stay in the bed 8 , I don’t get up until 11:00! Sometimes in the afternoon I visit my sister. She lives in the village 9 has two children. I like playing with them, 10 I leave early because I go to bed at 8:00 on Sunday evenings. ( ) 1. A. me B. I C. my D. mine ( ) 2. A. have B. for C. has D. with ( ) 3. A. brings B. takes C. gives D. puts ( ) 4. A. tell B. day C. talk D. speak ( ) 5. A. shop B. shopping C. buy something D. buyer ( ) 6. A. on B. in C. at D. for ( ) 7. A. a B. the C. hungry D. favourite ( ) 8. A. late B. early C. down D. for ( ) 9. A. to B. and C. with D. for ( ) 10. A. or B. then C. but D. and B What do the people usually do on weekends? Some people like to 1 at home, but others like to go out for a walk or play football. Mr Smith 2 hard in a factory during (在期间) the 3 . On the weekends, he usually 4 the same thing. On Saturday he washes his car and on 5 he goes with his family to a village(村庄) by car. His uncle and aunt 6 a farm there. It isn't a big one, but there is always 7 to do on the farm. The children help with the animals and give them some 8 . Mr and Mrs Smith help in the field. At the end of the day, they are all 9 and Mr Smith's aunt 10 them a big meal. ( )l. A. play B. stay C. be D. so ( )2. A. works B. does C. makes D. studies ( )3. A. day B. year C. week D. month
八年级英语阅读理解专项练习题 a one day a rich man and a businessman met in a restaurant. for their lunch they both ordered soup. when it was brought, the rich man tasted it, but the soup was so hot that he burned his mouth and tears came into his eyes. the businessman asked him why he was crying. the rich man didn't want to tell the truth and he told a lie,“sir, i had a brother who was killed last year. i was thinking of his death, and that made me cry.” the businessman believed his story and began to eat his soup. he also burned his mouth so much that he had tears in his eyes. the rich man noticed it and asked the businessman,“sir, why do you cry?”the businessman, who now saw that the rich man had cheated him, answered,“oh, i'm crying because you were not killed together with your brother. i) 根据短文内容判断正（ｔ）误（ｆ）（５分） ( )76.the rich man didn't tell the truth. ( )77.though the rich man burned the mouth, he shouldn't have told the lie. ( )78.the rich man had a brother who was burned. ( )79.the businessman believed the rich man's story at first. ( )80.the businessman's answer showed that he was very happy. ii) 根据短文内容将下列句子排序．（５分） 81.they ordered the soup and the soup was so hot that the rich man burned his mouth first. 82.the businessman also burned his mouth and he was not happy. 83.a rich man and a businessman had lunch in the same restaurant. 84.the rich man told a lie about his brother's death. 85.the businessman realized(意识到) that the rich man cheated him at last. ______ _______ _____ _______ _______ b school kids say goodbye to their flying friends jin jun and his classmates at shanghai nanyang middle school are not very happy to be back from holiday. not because they hate studying, but because some of their best friends on campus（校园） are gone: pigeons. more than 100 pigeons used to(过去常常) fly around campus every day, making students smile during break time. but now, the birds are gone. where? now they're all locked up in a bird cage. bird flu(流感) has landed in shanghai, and expert are afraid the pigeons might spread（传播）the disease if they keep flying around. for safety, the school also asks students to stay away from the cage. “i feel sad for those birds. they're my best friends,” said jin, a 'cani but them, feed to corn bring would i term last “student. 3 junior
三、词汇题解题技巧 词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里，不需要考生查找所考查内容。它可以考一个单词的含义，一个词组的意思，或者考一个句子的弦外之音。 词汇题常见提问方式如下： The word “accentuate” (Line 4, Para.3) most probably means _____. What is the meaning of …? The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para.4) refers to _____. T he statement “The business of America is business” probably means “_____”. The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para3) is closest in meaning to “_____”. By “white elephant” the author refers to _____. 实例讲解： 原文： This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. 题目： 60. “Shadowland”in the last sentence refers to____ .
A) the wonderland one often dreams about B) the bright future that one is looking forward to C) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached D) a world that exists only in one's imagination 此题可以利用并列关系来求解。首先，and后面的句子告诉我们“任何有梦想的人必须要学会在那里生活”，这暗含了“那里”不好的环境。再从and可知，两个分句的逻辑是一致的，据此Shadowland也应该是不利的环境，故选择C项。 考句子含义的，如果句子简单，一般在上下文中寻找答案；如果句子复杂，则更加倾向于在句子内部找答案。 下面介绍一些常用的根据上下文猜测词义的技巧。 第一，针对性解释。 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。 1．根据定义猜测词义 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：
初二英语英语阅读理解 题 集团标准化小组：[VVOPPT-JOPP28-JPPTL98-LOPPNN]
初二英语英语阅读理解题 1 An owl is a bird with very large eyes. Those eyes make the owl look clever. The owl can not move its eyes freely as we can. It can only look straight ahead. If it wants to look at both sides, it must turn its neck. Owls make a strange noise because the owls sleep most of the day. They usually give their cries at night. The cry sounds like “Whoo! Whoo”. This strange sound sometimes frightens people at night. ( ) 1. An owl looks clever because 。 A. it has a beautiful body B. it has big eyes C. it can look straight ahead D. it can turn its neck ( )2. An owl looks for food at night because 。 A. it has large eyes B. it can’t move its eyes freely as we can C. it sees better at night than during the day D. it can’t see anything at all during the day ( )3. An owl eats 。 A. small birds B. all kinds of birds C. all kinds of other animals D. none of the above ( )4. The cry of an owl is 。 A. frightening B. good to listen to C. like a song D. like the sound of a cow
初中英语阅读理解练习题 A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse. He drew the horses very well,but he always began the tail. Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse, that is why I was surprised. It struck me that it could not really make any difference whether the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly（肚子）or the foot of the horse, if he really knows his business. And most great artists who really know their business do not follow other people’s rule.They make their own rules. Every one of them does his work in a way peculiar(奇特的) to himself; and the peculiarity means only that he finds it more easy to work in that way. Now the very same thing is true to literature(文学). And the question, "How shall I begin?" only means that you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail or somewhere else. That is, you are not yet experienced(有经验的) enough to trust to your own powers. When you become more experienced you will never ask the question, and I think that you will often begin at the tail --that is to say, you will write the end of the story before you have even thought of the beginning. 1. A friend of the writer’s drew the horses ____. A. very well B. in the way of western rule C. in the way of his own rule D. all of the above 2. The writer was surprised because ____. A. the artist began to draw at the head of the horse B. the artist began to draw at the tail of the horse C. the artist made his own rule D. the artist did not follow other people’s rule 3. You are not yet experienced because ____. A. you don’t know where to begin B. you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail
阅读理解生词猜测实例 1.根据定义或解释说明猜测词义 1) A resolute man is a person who once makes up his mind to do sth , he won’t give up half way . 2) Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly . 3) An expedition is a long , organized trip or journey which is made into an unfamiliar area for a particular purpose by a group of people. 4) At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy . 5) Although Rao made a reasonable offer of help to her, Jones accepted it reluctantly, with unwillingness. 6) Some myths , which are the stories handed down from ancient times and include the early beliefs of nation, are widely spread around the world. 7) Of all other sciences and that arithmetic, which is the science of numbers, is the base of mathematics. 2.通过同义词或同类词说明其意，一般用逗号将它与前面的生词隔开。 1) Luckily, most of the ailments (illness) that people suffer from can be treated at home with little or no medicine. 2) Microwaves- the radio waves that we use for communications- travel in straight line. 3) I think he is old-fashioned , thinking too much of old ways and ideas . 4) We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8:00 am--- this week . 3. 通过对比去推断生词。如转折词：but , however , yet , otherwise , though； 1)Most of them agreed, however, I dissented. 2) Most people object to the plan ; only a few are for it .
八年级英语阅读理解专练 【方法介绍】：做阅读理解部分时还要考虑段际关系，即段落与段落之间的关系。段际关系可能是顺接关系、转折关系、例证关系或对比与对照关系。段际关系的理解是理解过渡句使用的前提条件。还有一种特殊的段际关系，即过渡关系，两个段落之间有一个过渡段起承上启下的作用。中考英语阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解是中考英语试卷中的重头戏,是初中英语教学大纲的集中体现,而且占分比例较大,是应该极为重视的题型之一,英语要想拿高分,对阅读理解题目就一定不能忽视。 抓住文章的首段与末段及段落的首句和末句文章的首段与末段,段落的首句和末句,一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想,其它段落及句子只起补充,说明,解释或引申的作用.因此,首先要搜索目标,找出文章及段落中的主题句.了解了它们的含义,就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息,从而获得解决问题的答案 2.进行合理推断 对文章有了详细而全面的理解之后,就要按照文章内容,上下文的逻辑关系,作出推理判断.阅读理解涉及词汇,语法,句型,段落结构,文化背景等各方面知识.答题时,要领会句子之间的逻辑关系,特别是相邻句子之间的关系,这样有利于理解全文.表示逻辑关系的标志词是连接词,副词,代词,介词短语,关系词,插入语等,通读时应特别注意.如:if,because,though,as,which,it, 3.用常识解题,熟记常用的缩略词语.多了解一些常识性知识有利于阅读理解.如果对文章的相关背景有所了解,读起文章一定既省时又省力.因此,在学习过程中,了解各方面的背景知识是十分重要的. 1 Look at the light and beautiful snowflakes(雪花)falling.Ever wanted to hold them in your hands?They are always lost when they meet your hands. Well,this isn’t just a problem for you.It was a problem for Wilson Bentley,too.In the 1870s,Wilson Bentley was just a teenager.His family lived in a small town in northeast America.Winters there were long and hard.Bentley’s mother was once a school teacher. She taught him at home. Bentley didn’t go to school until he was 14. He was a quiet boy, and loved reading his mother’s books.But it was his mother’s microscope (显微镜) that interested him. When the other boys were playing with balls, little Bentley was studying things like drops of water, flowers and snowflakes. Bentley loved watching snowflakes. For the next two years young Bentley spent many winter days in a cold room watching these ice crystals (晶体) under his microscope.The boy thought they were so beautiful that he started to draw pictures of them. But there were so many snowflakes that he couldn’t draw them all. How could he keep their beauty forever? Bentley thought of buying a camera. The boy and his mother asked his father to buy one. But, his father didn’t agree. He thought the whole thing was a bad idea. He thought the only thing a farmer should do was farming. But finally Bentley did get a camera. For more than a year he tried to take pictures of snowflakes. On January 15, 1885, during a snowstorm, Bentley took the first ever photo of an ice crystal with his camera. “It was the greatest moment of my life,” Bentley said later. For 13 years, Bentley worked quietly and took thousands of photos of ice crystals. Later he became known as “Snowflake” Bentley.