考研英语中，用好小词很重要
一、小词的作用不可小觑
就形式而言，英语小词的确是small words，但从功能来讲, 它们绝不是无足轻重的light words。不管是口头交流还是书面交流，从根本上来说，考生的语言能力如何就体现在能否把小词应用到实际生活中，传达自己的意图。历代大多演讲家和作家都将语言的能量发挥到极致，不管是欧·亨利温和诙谐的文风还是海明威简洁清新的文风，都体现了他们对于语言具有强大的把控能力。但是不知道考生是否发现这一点：优秀的作品不管语言风格多么变化多端，也不管作家表达的思想多么深奥，对于母语读者来说，阅读这些作品都不会是一件太困难的事情。韩寒的书写得很棒，莫言更是获得了诺贝尔文学奖，然而他们的作品中并没有使用多么艰深晦涩的文字，而是用自己的语言掌控能力将大家常用的词语能量发挥到了极致。所以，在学习英语写作的过程中，考生不必把精力放在记忆高难词汇上，而应多记并学会应用常见的英文小词。考生在熟练掌握和使用一些英语小词之后，一定会发现小词的妙用和精彩，感慨到小词强大的表现力。
二、一般来说，考生对英语小词的看法与应用存在以下两个问题。
第一，有些考生会有疑问：为什么非要掌握英语小词，而不能应用华丽的大词和复杂的结构?这样的想法具有一定的合理性，但是合理不代表合适。笔者在教学过程中发现，有这样想法的考生往往会去背诵很多高分范文，总结范文中一些"高大上"的难词和难句，然而这样的范文并不一定适合每一位考生。对于基础薄弱的考生来说，背诵和总结这样的范文不仅花费大量的时间，而且结果往往不尽如人意，因为考生无法掌握这些难词的准确用法，因而写出来的作文自然也不可能是上乘之作。
第二，有些考生的作文通篇使用的确实都是小词，然而其所使用的小词却仅限于在英语学习最初阶段学到的那些词汇，比如important、think、idea等。这些词汇虽然是小词，但是在多数中国考生的英语作文中反复出现，有被用滥的趋势，毫无亮点可言。因此，笔者建议考生在写作时转换一下思路，多积累那些没有被用滥的小词来替换这些初级阶段学到的词汇。比如，有些考生在写作时用vital或者key来替代important，用argue或者believe 来替代think，用notion或者view来替代idea，这些用来替换的单词也都是考生耳熟能详但并不经常使用的，如果考生能将这些词灵活应用到自己的作文中，就能为自己的作文增添亮点。
综上所述，考生在备考写作考试时，不要着眼于学习华丽的大词和复杂的句子结构，而应多积累那些具有亮点的英语小词，并学会如何应用它们。下面笔者就以两个国内英语考试的写作真题为例来具体谈谈小词在英语写作中的应用。
三、真题范例
下文中的两个范例分别是2011年6月的英语四级写作题目"Online Shopping"与2010年考研英语大作文"文化火锅"。
真题一
2011年6月的英语四级写作真题的题目为"Online Shopping"，第一段要求考生谈论"现在，越来越多的人喜欢在网上买东西"这一现象。相信很多考生在写作时很容易根据自己脑海中的第一印象写出下面这样的句子。
Nowadays, more and more people like to buy things by internet. They spend much time and money on this thing, and they like to communicate with their friends about online shopping.
点评：以上的英文表达没有问题，没有使用华丽的大词和结构，但是句中的词汇却使用的是考生被用滥的词汇，比如nowadays、more and more、buy、like等，使得句子无亮点可言。如果考生能够应用自己耳熟能详但却不常使用的小词来替换那些过于普通的小词，那么句子更加有力度。请看下面笔者利用小词得出的一个修改版本。
In this day and age, an increasing number of youngsters are fond of shopping online. During their spare time, they incline to spend much of time and incomes on purchasing a variety of daily necessities such as foods or clothes; meanwhile, they would communicate with their friends and share their experience on this matter.
点评：修改后的版本用了in this day and age替代修改前的nowadays，an increasing number of替换more and more，用are fond of替代like，用purchase替代buy，这些用来替代的词便是考生熟知但是较少使用的小词，这些词汇的难度不高、易于掌握，并且比最常用的初级词汇要更有表达效果。考生对比修改前后的表达，可以立即看到修改后的作文给人耳目一新的感觉。
真题二
应用具有亮点的小词对于考研英语写作同样重要。下面笔者以2010年的考研大作文"文化火锅"的高分作文(共两段，官方评分为19分)来分析这些小词是如何在写作中发挥作用的。
In the picture above is a large hot pot. But different from the traditional Chinese hot pot, in which you see beef or lamb, luncheon meat, mushrooms, and a variety of vegetables, in this hot pot are various "cultural foodstuffs" of both Chinese and foreign origins: Confucius, Aristotle, and Shakespeare; Taoism, Greek mythology, etc. ① What lies behind the picture, or "buried" in the hot pot, is clear: ② for the construction of the Chinese culture and the future, materials of both Chinese and foreign features are indispensable.
点评：
考研作文采取的是global scoring的评卷方式，即阅卷官根据整体印象评分。根据以往的经验，考研作文的首段一般占有8分的比重，阅卷官还会根据考生首段的写作水平预估作文的整体分数。因此，这一段的写作不仅
要内容全面，更重要的是要表达清楚自己的想法。考生既要体现自己的语言水平，但又不要用一些晦涩的词句，
此时小词的应用就至关重要了。在这篇高分范文的首段中，这位考生避免使用big、many kinds of等在作文中出现频率高的小词，而是使用了large、a variety of等更有亮点的小词来替换。用来替换的小词不难掌握，但是
却能为文章增色不少。
此外，范文中的"What lies behind the picture, or 'buried' in the hot pot, is clear"这句话意在引
出文化火锅所反映的内涵，这位考生没有用indicate或者illustrate这样的难词，而是应用了简单好记的lie in 和bury两组有比喻色彩的动词(词组)，用词十分生动。
而对于本段中的划线句②，考生可以根据应用小词对该句子进行改写，使其更加简单好记，比如改成："for the building-up of Chinese culture, elements from both Chinese and foreign countries are essential."
第二段
We are living in an age when ① economic globalization is not only heard over the media but also seen and felt in the reality of our daily life. No nation or country can maintain its well-being by living on and by itself. The history of China in the last half of the 20th century has provided a whole pack of vivid and convincing experiences, both of successes and failures, in that consideration. ②Only from the various and varied sources of the other nations, together with that of our own, can we obtain sufficient nutriments for the Chinese culture worth her pride and her leadership in the present and the future world.
点评
本段写得很出彩。首先，整个段落没有一个词是超纲词汇，但是表达的意思却十分清晰，突出了经济全球化的影响。其次，句子所使用了maintain its well-being、a whole pack of、vivid、convincing和obtain等超越英语学习初级阶段的小词，而且使用很恰当，能体现出这位考生对于词汇的把控能力很强。最后，这位考生在写作时还善于利用各类从句和倒装句，句子显得非常地道。一些基础薄弱的考生还可以根据自己掌握的小词和语法，对划线句子进行修改，找到适合自己记忆的写法。比如，我们可以把划线句①修改为"Economic globalization is not only spreading into the level of nation but also flooding into our daily life"。又比如，我们可以把划线句②修改为"Only from a set of sources of the other nations, with that of our own, can we obtain great achievements for the Chinese culture in the coming world"。
综上所述，掌握小词对于快速提高考生的写作水平具有很大帮助，因此考生在平时的学习与备考过程中，要多积累和应用小词。就积累小词而言，最好的办法莫过于阅读简单的英文原著。
2017考研英语一阅读答案 答案：21-25 ACDDC 21. 答案【A】explain American’s tolerance of current security checks. 解析：本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。根据题干关键词the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804定位到第二段第二句。例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之 前，因此该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的安全 检查。正确答案A的American’s tolerance是原文Americans are willing to tolerate的原词复现，current security checks是原文的time-consuming security 的同义转化。干扰项B 的urgency to strengthen security worldwide，原文未提及worldwide，属于扩大范围;选项C的major U.S. major airports属于具体信息的干扰;选项D的privacy 隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰。 22. 答案【C】An increase in the number of travelers. 解析：本题目为原因细节题。根据题干中的long waits at major airports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resulted in 与题干中的contributed to是同义转化，所以定位内容就 是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正确答案C的an increase in the number of travelers 是原文 a rise in airline travel的同义替换。干扰项A的carry-on bags是在第四段的最后一句出现的，非定位句内容;选项B的TSA efficiency也出现在第四段;选项D的unexpected secret checks未提及。
UNIT SIX TEXT ONE Maintaining internal E-mail systems has long been the bane of the university information-technology director. Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student complaints has grown exponentially as forward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer. The solution for a number of colleges has been to wave the white flag and outsource E-mail hosting to the experts. Microsoft, which owns Hotmail, and Google (Gmail) are the biggest players in the educational E-mail hosting market. Along with the neat-o peripheral gizmos like messaging, calendars, and collaboration tools, the outsourced systems are more stable, have better spam filters, and provide much more storage space than the typical university's in-house system. At the University of Pennsylvania, its old E-mail service gave students 60 megabytes of storage, just 3 percent of the 2 gigabytes Windows Live now provides. In return, Google and Microsoft get almost nothing, at least monetarily and in the short term. Microsoft's Windows Live @ edu and the Google Apps Education Edition are free of charge for schools. Eliminating another source of revenue, the two tech giants stripped their respective services of advertising in an effort to accommodate educators' concerns. Microsoft breaks even on the venture (it does run ads on non-E-mail services like instant messaging), while Google, which makes almost all its money through advertising, runs at a loss. But what money they don't make at the moment will—the companies hope—pay great dividends in the form of lifelong users in the future, says Google's Jeff Kelter. As quickly as they shuffle out of commencement, graduates see their E-mail transition to the traditional ad-based formats of Gmail and Hotmail. And unlike before, when universities couldn't afford to host thousands of alumni, Google and Microsoft can maintain every account indefinitely, retaining customers as long as customers still want them. Not all schools are ready to outsource their tech dirty work, with privacy and security topping the list of concerns. Critics worry that by handing over the responsibility of E-mail hosting, colleges also relinquish the freedom to keep the information safe in the best way they see fit. Even in the corporate world, there is great skepticism of consumer technologies like Google Apps. Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microsoft and Google
Uint 4 Text 1 1. 作者认为“δ开发潜能”观念经久不衰的原因在于其。 ［A］事实性［B］远见性 ［C］神秘性［D］启发性 ［信息锁定］第一段首先引出某种说法“大多数人只用及大脑的10%”；进而作出评价：该说法来源不明，准确性有待考证，噱头成分多过事实，但却经久不衰；随后指出了该说法经久不衰的原因：其言外之意颇具吸引力，也即，该说法颇能鼓舞人心——90%大脑尚δ使用，若是挖掘使用，则人人皆可成天才；最后论及申克新作《人人都能成为天才》，实际也是为了说明这种“说法”经久不衰。［D］选项符合文意。 ［解题技巧］［A］选项陷阱在于将文中“噱头成分多过事实”错误引申为“有噱头成分，但并不代表?有事实，其事实性也毋庸置疑”，从而导致误选。 ［B］选项误区在于将文中“该说法经久不衰”套之以常识性知识“既然经久不衰，那?它肯定具有先见之明”，容易造成误选。 ［C］选项捕风捉影，将文中underlying premise误理解为“神秘、不可捉摸”，该短语实指该说法的潜在预设，即其言外之意。 技巧点拨：因果关系题，可以直击文中表示因果关系的词汇，如because，然后在其前后深究“因”与“果”各为何物。同时，从字里行间揣测作者的站λ，首段第二句作者对该说法的客观评价就应该能够帮助我们将［A］、［B］两个表示褒义态度的选项加以排除，剩下［C］选项是被文中个别词汇误导一叶障目的结果。 2. 第二段隐含“刻意练习”的核心思想在于其。 ［A］时间跨度［B］目标性 ［C］强度［D］反复性 ［信息锁定］第二段第四句提出概念“刻意练习”，即反复不断尝试，尝试的目标须以超乎自己现有水平为基准，言外之意，“刻意练习”不是为了完成练习量，其精髓在于其目的性（attempts to...）很明确，要持续不断地做“超乎自己现有能力”的事情，同时从deliberate词义“有意的，刻意的”也可见一斑，［B］选项最准确。 ［解题技巧］［A］选项误将文中over time（假以时日）理解为“时间决定了刻意
2017考研英语阅读理解题材解析——苏 格兰独立 在考研英语中，阅读分数可谓是占到了总分的半壁江山，正所谓“得阅读者得考研”。对于备考考研的同学们，在平时的复习中一定要拓展阅读思路，各类话题都要关注，这样才能在整体上提升考研英语阅读水平!一起来学习吧! Scottish independence 苏格兰独立 Sparks flying 火花四溅 Poverty and dependence on the state pull Scots inopposite directions 贫困和对英国的依赖将苏格兰拉离了原来的方向 BETTING shops in Rosyth are rowdier than usual.The troublemakers are not the familiar sort —drunks jousting over a Rangers match or the 4.30at Musselburgh—but punters debating Scottish independence. “We've had to chuck peopleout,”grumbles one bookie. A gnarled customer agrees: “I don't like people talking about it inmy cab,”he growls, eyes not moving from the racing. As the referendum on September 18thdraws closer, tensions in this shipbuilding town are growing. 在罗赛斯，博彩店相较于平日愈发喧嚣。闹事者们并不是平日那一拨——醉鬼们押宝一场流浪者队的比赛或是Musselburgh赛马——而是赌马者们给苏格兰独立下注。“我们必须把人撵出去，”一位赛马的下注者抱怨道。一个性情暴躁的顾客也颇为同意：“我不喜欢人们在我的车里谈论这件事情，”他吼道，同时目不转睛的盯着比赛。随着9月18日的公投将近，这个造船小镇的紧张感也在不断增加。 All politics is local, even when an entire country's future is at stake. But in Rosyth, a run-downport in the shadow of the Forth Bridge near Edinburgh, distinctive local factors are pullingpeople in opposite directions. The importance of the town's biggest industry seems to militatefor sticking with Britain. But the generally depressed state of the economy makesindependence more appealing (see article). The outcome of this tug-of-war will determinehow people vote in Rosyth—and in other parts of Scotland. 所有的政治都是地区性的，即使是在一个国家的未来岌岌可危之时。但在罗塞斯，这个靠近爱丁堡附近福斯桥的破旧港口，独特的地方性因素使得人们走上了相反的方向。城镇最大的产业的重要性似乎是阻碍了其与英国的绑定。但是普遍低迷的经济状况使得独立更加迫切(见文章)。这场拉锯战的后果将决定人们如何在罗赛斯——和苏格兰其他地区投票。 Residents are reminded of the case for union every time they leave their homes. Above treetopsand through gaps between pebble-dashed houses, glimpses of a vast blue rig marked “AirCarrier Alliance”and “Royal Navy”are visible. Beyond, the grey, 65,000-tonne slab of Britain'snewest aircraft-carrier,HMS Queen Elizabeth, sits in the estuary. In a place where 13% ofworking-age adults are on out-of-work benefits, the shipyard is by far the largest employer—and it relies on money from Westminster. 居民们在每次离家之时总会被提醒联合的事例。从树梢上卵石做的房子之间的间隙，瞥见一个巨大的蓝色船桅上标有“航空运输联盟”和“皇家海军”的字样。英国最新一级排水量达6.5万吨的航母，伊丽莎白女王号航空母舰就坐落在河口。已达成年工龄成人中的13%
Text 4 In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption?conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell.?But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government. The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on “specific”and “unsettled”issues related to his duties. Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found. The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”and “nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”. The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.”The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,”assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.” But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or
2017考研英语阅读理解话题预测之地中 海惨案 在考研英语中，阅读分数可谓是占到了总分的半壁江山，正所谓“得阅读者得考研”。对于备考考研的同学们，在平时的复习中一定要拓展阅读思路，各类话题都要关注，这样才能在整体上提升考研英语阅读水平!一起来学习吧! Italy's illegal immigrants 意大利非法移民 Tidal wave 海啸 More horrific deaths in the Mediterranean 地中海发生耸人听闻的惨案 FEW images of immigrant traffic across theMediterranean have been as harrowing. Italian TVviewers this week saw the lifeless bodies of 45 African men being lifted, like animal carcasses,from the hold of a fishing boat in which they had tried to reach Europe. Others on the vesselsaid the men begged to be let out but, for fear of it capsizing, they were forcibly kept below andsuffocated. 每次发生在地中海的移民惨案都令人异常痛心。这周，意大利电视台播报了一组新闻。54个非洲人乘坐一艘渔船想前往欧洲，却不想在船上命丧黄泉。船上的人说这些人祈求将他们放出来，但是为了防止船只颠覆，他们被关在舱底窒息而死。 Around 5,000 people were picked up by patrol boats on June 28th-29th, the busiest weekendof the year so far. On July 2nd another 70 migrants were reported lost at sea in a separateincident. All this comes after Italy began a search-and-rescue effort called Operation MareNostrum, in response to the tragedy last October in which 360 people drowned off Lampedusa,an island half-way between Sicily and the North African coast. On July 1st the police arrestedfive Eritreans who prosecutors said were part of a ring, with bases in Sudan, Libya and Italy,that arranged the latest ill-fated journey. In a wiretapped phone call, one was heard disowningresponsibility for their deaths because “it was their fate”. 6月28、29日两天，巡逻船逮捕了大约5000人，这是今年截至目前最忙碌的一周。7月2日，据报道70个移民在另一场事故中葬身海底。这些都是在意大利开始称作《地中海运营条例》的搜救工作之后发生的。该项搜救工作是针对去年十月份360人在蓝佩杜萨岛(意属地中海岛屿，位于西西里岛和北非海岸之间)溺亡的事件提出的。7月1日，警察逮捕了5名厄立特里亚人。其检察官说这些人属于一个组织，基地在苏丹、利比亚和意大利，就是他们策划了近期的这些惨案。警察通过窃听器听到其中一个人说否认将他人致死的罪行，因为“这就是他们的命运”。 The latest horrors produced more agonised hand-wringing, but no sign that Italian or EuropeanUnion leaders are any closer to agreeing what should be done. Mare Nostrum completed a U-turn for a country that until 2011 blocked immigrants at sea, returning many to Libya, theirmain point of departure. Some Italians believe this policy deterred people from attempting theperilous crossing, whereas Mare Nostrum encourages them. Matteo Salvini, leader of thexenophobic Northern League, said Italy's prime minister, Matteo Renzi, and his interiorminister,
2017年考研英语阅读理解模拟题（十九）及答案：法学类 Since 1975 advocates of humane treatment of animals have broadened their goals to oppose the use of animals for fur ，leather ，wool and food.They have moaned protests against all forms of hunting and the trapping of animals in the wild.And they have joined environmentalists in urging protection of natural habitats from commercial or residential development.The occasion for these added emphases was the publication in 1975 of Animal Liberation ：A New Ethics for Our Treatment ofAnimals by Peter Singer ，formerly a professor ofphUosophy at Oxford University in England.This book gave a new impetus to the animal rights movement. The post 1 975 animal rights activists are far more vocal than theirpredecessors ，and the organizations to which they belong are generally more radical.Many new organizations are formed.The tactics of the activists are designed to catch the attention of the public.Since the mid 1 980s there have been frequent newsreports about animal rights organizations picketing stores that sell furs ，harassing hunters in the wild ，or breaking into laboratories to free animals.Some of the more extreme organizations advocate the use of assault ，armed terrorism ，and death threats to make their point.Aside from making isolated attacks on people who wear fur coats or trying to prevent hunters from killing animals ，most of the organizations have directed their tactics at institutions.
2017年考研英语一（答案及解析） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter. In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___. "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually__14___ with stress," Notes sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty." Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.
2017年考研英语一试题 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"_____（1）helping you feel close and _____（2）to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____（3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter. In a recent study _____（5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold, and the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____（11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）. "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that's usually _____（14）with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling that others are there to help_____（16）difficulty." Some experts_____（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _____（19）in the brain, where it _____（20）mood, behavior and physiology. 1. A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite 2. A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior 3. A．view B．host C．lesson D．choice 4. A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep 5. A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving 6. A．on B．in C．at D．of 7. A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed 8. A．along B．across C．down D．out 9. A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated 10.A．served B．restored C．explained D．required 11.A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even 12.A．defeats B．symptoms C．errors D．tests 13.A．highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding ―yes!‖ 1 helping you feel close and 2to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe12. ―Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13 risk for colds that’s usually14 with stress,‖ notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging ―is a marker of intimacy and helps15 the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.‖ Some experts 17the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called ―the bonding hormone‖18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.