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醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳胶粉在水泥砂浆中的作用

醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳胶粉在水泥砂浆中的作用
醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳胶粉在水泥砂浆中的作用

Action of redispersible vinyl acetate and versatate copolymer powder in cement mortar

Ru Wang a ,b ,?,Pei-Ming Wang a

a

Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tongji University,4800Caoan Road,Shanghai 201804,China b

Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics,Columbia University,New York,NY 10027,USA

a r t i c l e i n f o Article history:

Received 4February 2011

Received in revised form 21April 2011Accepted 22April 2011

Available online 8May 2011Keywords:

Redispersible VA/VeoVa powder Cement mortar

Physical and mechanical properties Shrinkage rate

Water capillary adsorption Anti-penetration capacity

a b s t r a c t

Redispersible polymer powder of vinyl acetate and versatate copolymer (VA/VeoVa)is applied to modify cement mortar.The effect of VA/VeoVa powder on physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar is investigated.VA/VeoVa powder exhibits excellent water-reduction and water-retention effects in cement mortar and improves mortar properties effectively.Due to the air-entrainment effect of VA/VeoVa powder,the air content of fresh mortar is increased and the bulk density is decreased.VA/VeoVa powder makes the compressive strength decrease,but not so signi?cant the effect on the ?exural strength is,which results in the ratio of compressive strength to ?exural strength goes down sharply with the increase of VA/VeoVa powder,indicating the toughness of cement mortar is improved markedly.Fur-thermore,VA/VeoVa powder reduces the shrinkage rate and improves the hydrophobicity and water impermeability of cement mortar.

ó2011Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.

1.Introduction

Polymer-modi?ed mortars are good repair materials for excellent properties.Polymers can improve the ?owability of fresh mortar,mechanical properties [1],anti-penetrability [2],freezing–thawing resistance [3],anti-corrosion [4],and so on of hardened mortar.Former research shows that polymers change the micro-structure,have physical and chemical interaction with cementi-tious phase,effect the ?owability,hydration,setting,hardening,pore structure,and thus physical and mechanical properties of hardened mortar [5–8].

In fact,different polymers have different in?uences on cement mortar.For example,styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)latex im-proves the ?exural strength,tensile bond strength,waterproo?ng property,carbonation resistance and anti-shrinkage of cement mortar [9–11].Styrene–acrylic ester copolymer (SAE)latex de-creases the elastic modulus and increases the toughness of cement mortar to a larger extent [12,13].Ethylene–vinyl acetate copoly-mer (EVA),the most widely used polymer in mortar,improves the tensile bond strength,?exural strength,and toughness of ce-ment mortar [14,15].

Whereas vinyl acetate and versatate copolymer (VA/VeoVa)is a special copolymer that introduces the versatate group with three long a -alkyl molecule side chains into the copolymer.The three long a -alkyl molecule side chains make the copolymer have many superior properties.The ester group of vinyl versatate is stable for the hindering effect of long side chains,resulting in good alkali resistance;the long side chains of vinyl versatate protect neighbor-ing ester group of vinyl acetate too,making the copolymer have good alkali resistance.VA/VeoVa powder is a potential modi?er for brittle cement mortar.In Ref.[16],lower degeneration of VA/VeoVa in an alkaline environment rather than other copolymers that contain vinyl acetate group was found.The former researches [17,18]show that with antifoamer together the VA/VeoVa powder increases the strengths of cement mortar.After that,little research on the application of VA/VeoVa powder in cement mortar is pub-lished.This paper focuses on evaluating the action of single VA/VeoVa powder in cement mortar,trying to compare the properties with other polymer powders and dispersions modi?ed mortars those are tested using the same method.

2.Experimental 2.1.Materials

Portland cement type P áII 52.5R,according to Chinese standard GB 175,and standard sand,according to ISO 679,were used for preparing the specimens.The chemical composition and physical properties of the cement are listed in Table 1

0950-0618/$-see front matter ó2011Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.060

?Corresponding author at:Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tongji University,4800Caoan Road,Shanghai 201804,China.Tel.:+862169582140.

E-mail address:ruwang@https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed15110521.html, (R.Wang).

and Table2,respectively.The redispersible VA/VeoVa powder(density:0.5g/cm3; average particle size:80l m;minimum?lm formation temperature:6°C)was used in the experiment.

2.2.Specimen preparation

The mortar specimens were prepared with VA/VeoVa powder to cement ratio by mass(m p/m c)of0,1%,2%,3%,4%,5%,6%,7%,8%,9%,10%,12%,15%,and20%,con-stant?ow of(170±5)mm,and sand to cement ratio by mass of3.The specimens with the dimension of40mm?40mm?160mm were prepared according to ISO679.The specimens were unmolded after24h.Mixed cure method,1day im-mersed in20°C water followed by1day in air of20°C and RH50%for specimens tested at the age of3days and6days immersed in20°C water followed by21days in air of20°C and RH50%for the specimens tested at the age of28days,was used.

2.3.Test methods

2.3.1.Flow

The?ow table value of fresh mortars was measured according to GB/T2419-2005.A cone-shaped metal ring is?lled with fresh cement mortar on a shock table, and after lifting the ring the mix is subjected to25drops of the table within25s. The?nal diameter is the so-called?ow table value.The water to cement ratio (m w/m c)of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars was determined by?xing the?ow table value at a constant of(170±5)mm,as listed in Table3.

2.3.2.Water-retention rate

The water-retention rate of fresh mortar was tested according to DIN18555-7. During test,the fresh mortar with settled volume was put on a?lter-?lm allowing water?lter through,?xed on absorbent?lter papers.Then the water absorbed by the?lter papers(lost water of fresh mortar)was measured after5min.The water-retention rate was calculated based on that.

2.3.3.Air entrainment test

The air content of fresh mortars was measured using an air entrainment meter made according to DIN18555/-557,from which the air content can be read directly.

2.3.4.Bulk density of fresh mortars

The bulk density of fresh mortars was tested according to JGJ70-90.One liter container was used during test.After the fresh mortar was cased into the container, it should be vibrated for10s before the mass was measured.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed15110521.html,pressive and?exural strengths

The compressive and?exural strengths were determined according to ISO679.

2.3.6.Shrinkage rate

The shrinkage rate of mortars was determined according to JGJ70-90.The initial length of mortar was tested right after the specimen was unmolded.The shrinkage rate was calculated according to the length of mortar at different curing ages and the initial length.2.3.7.Water capillary adsorption

The water capillary adsorption was measured according to DIN52617.Before test,the mortar specimens were dried at70°C for2days.The four around surfaces were sealed with EP resin before the upside of the specimens was dipped into water.The water capillary adsorption was calculated based on the adsorbed water at different times.

2.3.8.Anti-penetration capacity

The anti-penetration capacity was measured according to DL/T5126-2001. Conic specimens with upside and underside surface diameters of70mm and 80mm,height of30mm were prepared.The curing is the same as that described in2.2.Before test,the around surface of specimens was sealed with ole?n and the underside surface was contacted with water.During test,the water pressure was increased step by step to1.5MPa within8h to observe whether the water pen-etrates through the mortar specimens.If water penetrates through three of six spec-imens under one pressure,then the pressure was determined as the pressure that the mortar survives.

3.Results and discussion

3.1.Water-reduction effect

The m w/m c of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars decreases signi?cantly with the increase of m p/m c when the?ow was?xed at a constant of(170±5)mm(see Table3).So it is apparent that the VA/VeoVa powder has water-reduction effect in cement mor-tar.Water-reduction rate is an important factor to evaluate water-reduction effect,which can be calculated according to the following equation:[13].

R?1à

m w2áq2ám1

m w1áq1ám2

;e1T

where R is the water-reduction rate,m w2,q2and m2is water mass, bulk density and mass of fresh VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars, respectively;m w1,q1and m1is water mass,bulk density and mass of fresh control mortar,respectively.

The water-reduction rate of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mor-tars calculated according to Eq.(1)is displayed in Fig.1.A small amount of VA/VeoVa powder addition of1%makes the water-reduction rate rise to about6%.Then the water-reduction rate rises gradually with the increase of m p/m c.When the m p/m c is15%the water-reduction rate increases to about35%.With the m p/m c increasing from15%to20%,no signi?cant change of water-reduc-tion rate was observed.The experimental results explain that VA/ VeoVa powder has good water-reduction effect in mortar,enhanc-ing the?owability of fresh mortar,which is attributed to the dis-persion and air entrainment functions of VA/VeoVa powder.

3.2.Water-retention effect

Good water-retention property is helpful for the construction and properties of mortar.Water-retention rate is a quantitative in-dex to evaluate the water-retention effect of mortar.Fig.2presents the water-retention rate of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars.

Table1

Chemical composition of PII52.5R Portland cement.

Component SiO2CaO Al2O3Fe2O3MgO SO3K2O TiO2BaO

Content(%)21.365.1 5.1 2.9 1.1 1.80.70.20.3

Table2

Physical properties of PII52.5R Portland cement.

Speci?c gravity at20°C(g/cm3)Blaine’s speci?c area(m2/kg)Setting time(min)Flexural strength(MPa)Compressive strength(MPa)

Initial Final3days7days28days3days7days28days

3.20385.5125190 6.97.88.439.049.060.6

Table3

Water to cement ratio(m w/m c)of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars with a constant?ow of(170±5)mm.

m p/m c(%)012345678910121520 m w/m c0.4890.4720.4580.4440.4350.4260.4180.4100.4040.3990.3940.3920.3900.388

R.Wang,P.-M.Wang/Construction and Building Materials25(2011)4210–42144211

The water-retention rate augments apparently with the increase of m p/m c.It reaches98%with the m p/m c increasing up to6%,and then keeps augmenting stably,indicating the water-retention property of the modi?ed mortar is very good.The good water-retention property may be attributed to following reasons:?rst,the water-reduction effect of VA/VeoVa powder reduces the unit water usage; second,the VA/VeoVa powder induces water to distribute well in cement mortar;third,the VA/VeoVa powder has blocking effect on the water in cement mortar and makes it more dif?cult to separate from the system.

3.3.Air content

The relationship between the air content of fresh mortars and the m p/m c is illustrated in Fig.3.A small amount of VA/VeoVa pow-der addition of1%makes the air content of fresh mortar rise from 6%to8.6%.Then a linear increment of air content appears with the

increase of m p/m c up to15%.The air content change indicates that the VA/VeoVa powder has air-entrainment effect in cement mor-tar,making the density of fresh mortar decrease(see Fig.4).The bulk density of fresh mortars reduces gradually with the increase of m p/m c up to15%.It is easy to?nd that the bulk density of fresh mortar is closely related to its air content.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed15110521.html,pressive strength

The compressive strengths of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mor-tars with curing ages of3days and28days are displayed in Fig.5.The compressive strength of cement mortars depresses with the addition of VA/VeoVa powder.When the m p/m c increases from 0%to3%,the compressive strength falls from30MPa to14MPa for the mortars cured for3days,from72MPa to34MPa for the mortars cured for28days.The compressive strength declines slightly with the m p/m c increasing from3%to5%,and does not decrease any more when the m p/m c is higher than5%.

The decrease tendency of compressive strength with the increasing m p/m c of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars is similar with that of SBR latex-or PAE latex-modi?ed mortars.But the decrease is faster than that for SBR latex-modi?ed mortars,which

4212R.Wang,P.-M.Wang/Construction and Building Materials25(2011)4210–4214

decreases to30MPa when the SBR latex/cement-ratio increases to 8%,and then keeps at around this value with the m p/m c range from 8%to20%[10],and slower than that for PAE latex-modi?ed mor-tars,which decreases to20MPa when the PAE latex/cement-ratio increases to5%,and then keeps at around this value with the m p/ m c range from5%to20%[19].The compressive strength of VA/Veo-Va powder-modi?ed mortars is lower than that of SAE latex-mod-i?ed mortar when the m p/m c is lower than15%[13].

3.5.Flexural strength

Fig.6presents the?exural strengths of VA/VeoVa powder-mod-i?ed mortars with curing ages of3days and28days.The change of ?exural strength with the m p/m c is similar with that of compres-sive strength except for a smaller changing magnitude.When the m p/m c increases from0%to3%,the?exural strength decreases from7.2MPa to4.8MPa for the mortar tested at the age of3days and from12.5MPa to9.3MPa for the mortar tested at the age of

28days.Then the?exural strength of mortars cured for3days de-creases slowly until the m p/m c of8%,followed by an almost con-stant?exural strength value at the m p/m c range from8%to20%. Whereas no signi?cant change of?exural strength of mortars cured for28days appears when the m p/m c is in the range from 3%to8%.When the m p/m c increases from8%to20%,the?exural strength of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortar rises to almost equal to that of control mortar.That is probably due to the VA/Veo-Va content is high enough to form a continuous network structure in the mortar and also improve the interface structure between the cement hydrates and the aggregates.

When the m p/m c is higher than5%,the?exural strength of VA/ VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortar,higher than9MPa,is higher than that of SBR latex-,SAE latex-or PAE latex-modi?ed mortar,8MPa [10],7MPa[13]and7MPa[19],respectively.

3.6.Toughness

The ratio of compressive strength to?exural strength(r C/r F)of mortar is an important factor to judge its toughness.Lower r C/r F indicates better toughness.Several Chinese standards have the rule that the r C/r F of some mortar must be lower than3[20–22]. The r C/r F calculated based on above compressive and?exural strengths is illustrated in Fig.7.The r C/r F of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars cured for3days and28days goes down sharply with the increase of m p/m c,indicating the toughness of mortars is improved signi?cantly.Both the rate and magnitude of decrease are larger for the mortars cured for28days than that cured for 3days.When the m p/m c is above5%,the r C/r F for all the modi?ed mortars is below3.

To compare with Refs.[10,13,14,19],with low polymer addi-tion,the VA/VeoVa powder is more effective for the improvement of the toughness of cement mortar than SBR latex that makes the r C/r F decrease to4.5when the m p/m c is20%,SAE latex that makes the r C/r F decrease to below3when the m p/m c is higher than15%, redispersible EVA powder that makes the r C/r F decrease to below 3when the m p/m c is higher than10%,and PAE latex that makes the r C/r F decrease to below3when the m p/m c is higher than7%.

3.7.Shrinkage property

The shrinkage rate of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars with different curing ages is presented in Fig.8.An amount of VA/VeoVa powder below6%makes the shrinkage rate enlarge slightly.When the m p/m c reaches7%,the shrinkage rate reduces sharply and then keeps around this value until the m p/m c of20%,lower than that of control mortar.A slight expansion was found for the VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars at the curing age of3days with the m p/m c higher than7%.The shrinkage reducing effect of the VA/Veo-Va powder in the mortar when the m p/m c is higher than7%is prob-ably due to the polymer?lm formed in the mortar prevents the water escape from the system.

3.8.Water capillary adsorption

The water capillary adsorption of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars within48h was measured,as shown in Fig.9.The water capillary adsorption decreases gradually with the increase of

R.Wang,P.-M.Wang/Construction and Building Materials25(2011)4210–42144213

m p/m c.When the m p/m c is below7%,the decrease of water capil-lary adsorption with the m p/m c is more evident,indicating at this range a little increase of m p/m c leads to an apparent decrease of water capillary adsorption.However,when the m p/m c is higher than7%,the effect of the increase of m p/m c on the water capillary adsorption is not so marked and the water capillary adsorption va-lue is low.

The water capillary adsorption of VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars with the m p/m c of7%at24h is about0.7kg/m2,which is better than that of redispersible EVA powder-modi?ed mortar 0.8kg/m2[15],similar to that of SAE latex-modi?ed mortar 0.7kg/m2[13],but not so good as that of SBR latex-modi?ed mor-tar0.7kg/m2with SBR latex to cement ratio of5%[23].

3.9.Anti-penetration capacity

The experimental results show that the water does not pene-trate through the specimens for all the mortars when the water pressure was increased step by step to1.5MPa within8h.After test,the mortar specimens were broken to observe the penetration depth of water into the specimens,as listed in Table4.It is found that the water penetration depth decreases from12mm to2mm with the increase of the m p/m c from0%to15%.When the m p/m c is20%,no water penetrating into the mortar specimens was ob-served.It can be drawn that the VA/VeoVa powder enhances the anti-penetration capacity of mortar remarkably.

4.Conclusions

VA/VeoVa powder has good water-reduction and water-reten-tion effects in cement mortar.The water-reduction rate augments gradually with the increase of m p/m c,reaching about35%when the m p/m c is15%.The water-retention rate rises signi?cantly to about 98%with the increase of m p/m c up to7%.VA/VeoVa powder has air-entrainment effect,making the air content of fresh mortar increase and the bulk density decrease.

VA/VeoVa powder depresses the compressive strength of ce-ment mortar,but not so signi?cant the effect on the?exural strength is.That makes the ratio of compressive strength to?ex-ural strength goes down to below3when the m p/m c is above5%. The toughness of cement mortar is improved signi?cantly.

VA/VeoVa powder has shrinkage rate reducing effect in cement mortar when the m p/m c is higher than7%.

VA/VeoVa powder improves the hydrophobicity and water impermeability of cement mortar.The water capillary adsorption decreases with the increase of m p/m c and to about0.7kg/m2at 24h when the m p/m c increases to7%;the water penetration depth decreases from12mm to2mm with the increase of m p/m c from0%to15%when the pressure was increased step by step to 1.5MPa.

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the?nancial support of the National Key Project of Scienti?c and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science&Technology of China(2006 BAJ05B03)and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Pro-gram of Higher Education(20060247023).

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Table4

Penetration depth of water into VA/VeoVa powder-modi?ed mortars at8h with the

water pressure increasing to1.5MPa.

m p/m c(%)0135810121520

Penetration depth(mm)1275564320

4214R.Wang,P.-M.Wang/Construction and Building Materials25(2011)4210–4214

聚醋酸乙烯酯胶粘剂

本科生毕业设计(论文) 摘要 随着人们环境保护意识的不断增强,开发绿色环保型产品已成为各行各业发展的主流方向。聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液俗称白乳胶,是应用最广的胶粘剂之一,由于它为水基胶粘剂,具有其他胶粘剂不可比拟的无毒、无腐蚀和优良的环保性能,并且原料来源广泛,成本较低,在胶粘剂中所占比例也越来越大,但白乳胶也存在一些性能上的不足,如耐水性,耐热性,抗蠕变性,耐寒性及耐机械稳定性等均较差。因此,需要对聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液的合成工艺进行研究,确定最佳工艺条件,或对聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液进行改性,以提高其各方面的性能,也扩大其应用领域。 本文重点阐述了聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液合成原理,最佳合成工艺及改性研究。在其应用上,除普遍适用于木材的粘合以外,聚醋酸乙烯酯类胶粘剂正渐渐的被应用于建筑等很多行业,并且,本文针对目前研究较少的胶类降解的研究给予简单的分析。 关键字:聚醋酸乙烯酯;合成;改性;应用

Abstract Along with the enhancement of people’s environment protection consciousness, the green environment protection product has become the mainstream. The polyvinyl acetate emulsion is named the white emulsion, which is one of the most widely used adhesives. Because it is water base adhesive, comparing with other adhesives it is non-toxic, non-corrosion and fine environment protection performance. The raw material of polyvinyl acetate emulsion is widespread, costs lower, so its proportion in the adhesive is more and more.But the white emulsion also has the insufficiency in some performance, like the water resistance, the thermal stability, the anticreep, the resistance to cold and bears mechanical stability are all infirmness. Therefore, we need to conduct the research to the polyvinyl acetate emulsion synthesis craft, and find the best craft condition, or carry on the modification to the polyvinyl acetate emulsion. We can enhance its various performance through the craft improvement and the modification of the performance, also expand its application. This article elaborates the polyvinyl acetate emulsion synthesis principle, best synthesis craft and modified research. In its application, besides it is generally used for the lumber agglutination, the polyvinyl acetate adhesive is gradually applied to the construction and so on. In this article, some simple analysis of degradation is also mentioned . Key word:polyvinyl acetate; synthesis; application; modification

乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物

乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA) EVA树脂是乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物,一般醋酸乙烯(VA)含量在5%~40%。与聚乙烯相比,EVA由于在分子链中引入了醋酸乙烯单体,从而降低了高结晶度,提高了柔韧性、抗冲击性、填料相溶性和热密封性能,被广泛应用于发泡鞋料、功能性棚膜、包装膜、热熔胶、电线电缆及玩具等领域。 是一种比较常见的中底材料,通常叫一次发泡有一定的缓冲作用,但这种材料很滑,所以一般是和硬橡胶混合的用,EVA是一种普通的材料,在很多运动鞋上都有但在效果作用上还很难和AIR相媲美。 1 EVA的性能 EVA是无定型塑料,无※,比重为0.95g/cm3(比水轻),其制品表面光泽性差、弹性好、柔较质轻、机械强度低、流动性好、易于加工成型。收缩率较大(2%),EVA可用于色母料的载体。 2 EVA的工艺特点 EVA成型加工温度低(160-200℃),范围较宽,其模温低(20-45℃),该料在加工前要进行干燥(干燥温度65℃)。EVA加工时模温、料温不易过高,否则表面比较粗糙(不光滑)。EVA产品易粘前模,水口主流道冷料穴处要做成拉扣式较好。温度超过250℃易分解。EVA宜采用“低温、中压、中速”的工艺条件加工产品。 ABS塑料 化学名称:丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物 英文名称:Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene 比重:1.05克/立方厘米成型收缩率:0.4-0.7% 成型温度:200-240℃干燥条件:80-90℃ 2小时

特点: 1、综合性能较好,冲击强度较高,化学稳定性,电性能良好. 2、与372有机玻璃的熔接性良好,制成双色塑件,且可表面镀铬,喷漆处理. 3、有高抗冲、高耐热、阻燃、增强、透明等级别。 4、流动性比HIPS差一点,比PMMA、PC等好,柔韧性好。 用途:适于制作一般机械零件,减磨耐磨零件,传动零件和电讯零件. 成型特性: 1.无定形料,流动性中等,吸湿大,必须充分干燥,表面要求光泽的塑件须长时间预热干燥80-90度,3小时. 2.宜取高料温,高模温,但料温过高易分解(分解温度为>270度).对精度较高的塑件,模温宜取50-60度,对高光泽.耐热塑件,模温宜取60-80度. 3、如需解决夹水纹,需提高材料的流动性,采取高料温、高模温,或者改变入水位等方法。 4、如成形耐热级或阻燃级材料,生产3-7天后模具表面会残存塑料分解物,导致模具表面发亮,需对模具及时进行清理,同时模具表面需增加排气位置。ABS树脂是目前产量最大,应用最广泛的聚合物,它将PS,SAN,BS的各种性能有机地统一起来,兼具韧,硬,刚相均衡的优良力学性能。ABS是丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯的三元共聚物,A代表丙烯腈,B代表丁二烯,S代表苯乙烯。ABS工程塑料一般是不透明的,外观呈浅象牙色、无毒、无味,兼有韧、硬、刚的特性,燃烧缓慢,火焰呈黄色,有黑烟,燃烧后塑料软化、烧焦,发出特殊的肉桂气味,但无熔融滴落现象。 ABS工程塑料具有优良的综合性能,有极好的冲击强度、尺寸稳定性好、电性能、耐磨性、抗化学药品性、染色性,成型加工和机械加工较好。ABS树脂耐

乳胶漆施工方案(最终版本)

二、施工 1材料:聚醋酸乙烯乳液(白乳胶),要求其品名、种类、颜色、生产时间、贮存有效期、技术指标、使用说明书和产品合格证符合设计要求; 2、乳胶腻子配合比(重量比)乳胶:滑石粉(或大白粉):2%羧甲基纤维素溶液=1: 5:3.5 3、操作工艺 (1)基层处理 ①墙基层处理 先将抹灰面的灰渣及疙瘩等杂物用铲刀铲除,然后用棕刷将表面灰尘污垢清除干净。表面清扫后,用腻子将墙面麻面、蜂窝、洞眼、残缺处填补好。腻子干透后,先用铲刀将多余腻子铲平,再用1号砂纸打磨平整。 ②外墙基层处理 凡墙面缺棱、掉角、空洞处,应提前用1:3水泥砂浆(或聚合物水泥砂浆)修补平 整(包括分格缝),然后将基层表面的灰渣及疙瘩等杂物用铲刀、凿子清除。松散表面用钢丝刷刷除。如表面沾有油污时,应用煤油等揩擦干净。然后用腻子将表面凹凸不平及缺陷处修补平整。干燥后用1号以上粗砂纸磨平。 (2)混凝土及抹灰内墙,顶棚表面薄涂料工程施工 ①第一遍满刮腻子及打磨 当室内涂装面较大的缝隙填补平整后,使用批嵌工具满刮乳胶腻子一遍。所有微小砂眼及收缩裂缝均需满刮,以密实、平整、线角棱边整齐为度。同时,应一刮顺一刮地沿着 墙面横刮,尽量刮薄,不得漏刮,接头不得留槎,注意不要玷污门窗及其它物面。腻子干透后,用1号砂纸裹着平整小木板,将腻子渣及高低不平处打磨平整。注意用力均匀,保护棱角。磨后用棕扫帚 注:表中“ +”号表示应进行的工序;高级内墙、顶棚薄涂料工程,必要时可增加刮腻子的遍数及1~2遍涂料;湿度较高或局部遇明水的房间,应用防水性的腻子和涂料。 ②第二遍满刮腻子及打磨(中、高级) 第二遍满刮腻子方法同头遍腻子,但要求此遍腻子与前遍腻子刮抹方向互相垂直,即应沿着墙面

聚醋酸乙烯

胶黏剂实验专用周 摘要 从聚醋酸乙烯胶的合成原理出发,通过试验着重讨论了反应体系

中聚乙烯醇的量对聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶粘接性能、粘度和固含量的影响。 关键词:聚醋酸乙烯;聚乙烯醇;影响;

Abstract From poly vinyl acetate glue synthesis theory, and through the test focuses on the reaction system of poly (vinyl alcohol) amount of polyvinyl formal adhesive joint performance, viscosity and solid content of influence. Keywords:Poly vinyl acetate; PV A; Influence; 前言 聚醋酸乙烯乳液俗称白乳胶, 具有单组分、价格低廉、使用方

便、无毒无害、不易燃烧等特点, 广泛用于木材加工、织物粘接、木器家具、涂料等行业。但是, 它具有耐水性、耐寒性以及抗热蠕变性能差等缺点, 大大限制了它的应用。 本次试验通过改变反应体系中的PV A的量的不同,通过试验产品的后续的性能测试,得到其对产品粘度、固含量和剪切强度的影响。 1.聚醋酸乳液的合成 1.1实验原理

聚醋酸乙烯酯的聚合是典型的自由基聚合反应。每一个醋酸乙烯酯都带有一个双键,在聚合过程中会严格遵循链引发、链增长、链终止的自由基聚合规律,最终形成高分子聚合物。聚醋酸乙烯乳液的合成是烯类单体在水介质中,由乳化剂分散成乳液状态进行的聚合,反应体系中主要由单体、水、水溶性引发剂及乳化剂四种基本组分组成。 在乳液聚合体系中,乳化剂以四种形式存在:以单分子的形式存在,形成真溶液;以胶束的形式存在于溶液中;被吸附在单体液滴表面,使单体液滴稳定地悬浮在介质中;吸附在聚合物粒子表面形成乳胶粒,使聚合物乳液体系稳定。乳液聚合反应发生在增溶胶束和乳胶粒中。由于乳胶粒表面吸附了一层乳化剂分子,使表面带有同种电荷,静电斥力使得乳胶粒不能发生相互碰撞而聚并,形成一个稳定的反应体系。无数个彼此孤立的乳胶粒稳定的分散在介质中,在每个胶粒中都能进行聚合发应。而单体液滴,作为贮存单体的仓库,为保持乳胶粒内单体浓度恒定,不断向乳胶粒扩散补充单体直至单体液滴消失,乳胶粒内继续引发、增长、终止,直到单体完全转化,如图1所示。 乳液聚合过程大致可以分为下列三阶段,如图2所示。 (1) 第一阶段——乳胶粒生成期。从开始引发聚合,直至乳化剂形成的胶束消失,聚合速率递增。水相中产生的自由基扩散进入胶束内,进行引发、增长,不断形成乳胶粒,同时水相中单体也可以引发聚合,吸附乳化剂分子形成乳胶粒。随着引发聚合的继续进行,增溶胶束不断成核,乳胶粒不断增多或增大。单体转化率达15%左右,胶束全部消失,不再形成新的乳胶粒,以后引发聚合完全在乳胶粒内

实验2 聚醋酸乙烯酯乳胶的合成和乳胶漆的制备

实验2聚醋酸乙烯酯乳胶的合成和乳胶漆的制备 乳胶漆是一种用途广泛的新型涂料,具有价格低廉、使用简便、耐水性好、绿色环保、安全无毒等优点。其中内墙涂料以价廉物美的醋酸乙烯酯共聚类乳胶漆应用最多。丙烯酸酯共聚类乳胶漆与其它乳胶漆品种相比,有较好的耐候性、耐水性、抗磨损性和保色性,应用面也较广。近年来也开始在金属物表面上防腐上得到应用。本实验合成了聚醋酸乙烯酯乳胶,制备了乳胶漆并测定了其性能。 树脂以微细粒子团(粒径0.1—2.0μm)的形式分散在水中形成的乳液称为乳胶。乳胶可分为分散乳胶和聚合乳胶两种。在乳化剂存在下靠机械的强力搅拌使树脂分散在水中而制成的乳液称为分散乳胶。由乙烯基类单体按乳液聚合工艺制得的乳胶称为聚合乳胶。用于制取水性涂料的聚合乳胶主要有聚醋酸乙烯乳胶、聚丙烯酸酯乳胶、丁苯乳胶以及醋酸乙烯与其它单体共聚的乳胶。 乳液聚合是在搅拌下、利用乳化剂使单体在水中分散成乳液而进行的聚合反应。乳化剂可用阴离子型或非离子型表面活性剂,如十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基苯磺酸钠,乳化剂OP-10、聚乙烯醇等。聚乙烯醇是醋酸乙烯酯聚合常用的乳化剂,它兼起着增稠和稳定胶体的作用。

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线性低密度聚乙烯/乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物共混体系的 相容性及性能 杨毓华* 白春霞 花 荣 于 李三喜 (中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 长春130022)   (沈阳化工学院高分子科学与工程系 沈阳)关键词 线性低密度聚乙烯,乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物,共混,相容性,D SC ,WA XD ,力学性能 乙烯和醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA )分子中由于引入了极性的醋酸乙烯单体单元,降低了共聚物的结晶能力并使其极性有所增加.反映在共聚物的物理力学性能上,柔软性、透明性、抗应力开裂、抗挠曲开裂、低温柔软性和抗冲击强度等有所改善,常用于与各种乙烯均聚物的共混改性中[1,2].最近,我们对各种乙烯均聚物及其共聚物的共混相容性及其力学性能进行了系统研究[3~5].本文报道线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE )与EVA 共混体系的相容性、结晶性能和力学性能研究结果. LLDPE:大庆乙烯工程指挥部塑料厂生产,牌号DXND-1222,d =0.92g /cm 3,EVA-3010:上海化工研究院生产,含30%醋酸乙烯.共混试样用Brabender PLE -330捏合机在150℃下熔融共混制备,转速50r /min,共混时间20min,DSC 、WA XD 、动态力学性能(DM A)及力学性能测试用样品均在油压机上150℃预热10min,在50M Pa 下保压2m in,压制5m in 成片,自然冷却至成型取样. 热分析用Perkin -Elmer DSC -2C 热分析仪,试样用量5mg ,升温降温速率10℃/min .X 射线衍射试样制备是将共混物置于20×20×15mm 的样品槽中,在150℃,9.8M Pa 下预热15m in,压10min 后,自然冷却至室温.WAXD 测试用理学D/max -ⅡB 型X 射线衍射仪,Cu K 辐射源,管压40kV ,管流30m A ,石墨晶体单色器,连续扫描记谱. 图1 LL DP E /EV A 共混体系的升温D SC 曲线 DM A 测试用M ETRVIB-粘弹谱仪,升温速度为3℃/min,力学性能测试采用INST RON-1211型材料试验机,拉速为100mm /min . 结果与讨论 EVA 共聚物的DSC 曲线上呈现为一以68.7℃为中心的宽的弥散峰.不同组成的LLDPE /EVA 共混体系的DSC 测试结果示于 图1,在共混物的DSC 曲线上,组成为90/10、 50/50、25/75的共混物的DSC 曲线均呈双峰, 温度在123℃附近的高温峰(Ⅰ)的峰温基本不 随共混物的组成而变化,表明在LLDPE 和 EVA 之间在晶区不存在共晶相容性.但在共 混物中,在靠近123℃左侧出现一肩峰(Ⅱ),表 明在LLDPE 和EVA 之间在晶区可能存在一 定的相互作用. 从共混物的熔融曲线进行处理所得到的熔 第14卷第1期 应用化学V ol.14N o.11997年2月 CHI NESE JOU RN AL O F A P PL IED CHEM IST RY Feb.1997

乳胶漆施工方案(最终版本)

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第二遍满刮腻子方法同头遍腻子,但要求此遍腻子与前遍腻子刮抹方向互相垂直,即应沿着墙面竖刮,将墙面进一步刮满及打磨平整、光滑为止。 ③第一遍涂料 第一遍涂料涂刷前必须将基层表面清扫干净,擦净浮灰。涂刷时宜用排笔,涂刷顺序一般是从上到下,从左到右,先横后竖,先边线、棱角、小面后大面。阴角处不得有残积涂料,阳角处不得裹棱。如墙面一次涂刷不能从上到底时,应多层次上下同时作业,互相配合协作,避免接槎、刷涂重迭现象。独立面每遍应用同一批涂料,并一次完成。 ④复补腻子:第一遍涂料干透后,应普遍检查一遍,如有缺陷应局部复补涂料腻子一遍,并用牛角刮刀刮抹,以免损伤涂料漆膜。 ⑤磨光:复补腻子干透后,应用细砂纸将涂料面打磨平滑,注意用力应轻而匀,且不得磨穿漆膜,磨后将表面清扫干净。 ⑥第二遍涂料涂刷及磨光方法与第一遍相同。 (3)混凝土及抹灰,外墙表面薄涂料工程 加1~2遍涂料。 ①基层清刷补嵌平整后,水性涂料涂刷前宜满刷一遍107胶水溶液(重量比为107胶:水=1:3),乳液型涂料应按要求涂刷专用封闭底涂料,以减少基层吸水,增强涂料之间附着力,避免涂层脱落、起皮。 ②涂刷第一遍涂料 涂刷顺序:一般先上后下,分段分步,首尾衔接。先刷门窗套,再刷大面,最后刷横竖线条,不得留接槎。有分格缝的应按分格缝区间一次涂刷完,无分格缝的应按独立面区间一次涂刷完。如面积过大,应组织多人多层同时从下到下涂刷,从一头开始,逐渐刷向另一头,至某阳角或不明显处收口。 涂刷方法:颜色不同、面积较小、线条多、出檐多、表面较平滑者,宜用排笔刷。面积较大、线条窄长、檐口小、基层用木抹子搓平者,宜用棕刷涂刷。涂刷时应经常将涂料搅动,涂料上墙后,随即用原刷把涂料用力往复刷匀,刷迹理平,用力应均匀,涂刷动作应敏捷,涂层厚薄应一致。在多人上下同时作业的接头处,必须及时相互配合涂刷,相隔时间不得太久,以免显出接搓,同时随刷随注意有无流淌、透底、裹棱等现象,发现问题及时加以处理。 ③涂刷第二遍涂料 第二遍涂料必须待前一遍涂层成膜干燥后进行。成膜时间视施工时的气温而定,一般以手摸不粘,颜色能恢复正常为准。涂刷顺序与方法同第一遍涂料。 (4)薄涂料滚涂操作工艺 薄涂料滚涂时应采用长毛绒辊子、多孔海绵辊滚涂。施工时在辊子上蘸少量涂料后在墙面上轻缓平稳地上下左右滚动,使涂料大致均匀涂布,然后按顺序直上直下,涂层厚度

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