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2021年《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(9)

2021年《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(9)

Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television 电视的弊端

The Trouble with Television

要摆脱电视的影响是困难的。

It is difficult to escape the influence of television.

假如统计的平均数字适用于你的话,那么你到20岁的时候就至少看过2万个小时的电视了,从那以后每生活10年就会增加1万小时。

If you fit the statistical averages,by the age of 20 you will have been exposed to at least 20,000 hours of television. You can add 10,000 hours for each decade you have lived after the age of 20.

笔起看电视,美国人只有在工作和睡眠上花时间更多。

The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep.

稍微计算一下,使用这些时间的一部分能够做些什么。

Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours.

听说一个大学生仅用5000小时就可以获得学士学位。

Five thousand hours,I am told,are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor’s degree.

在1万个小时内你能学成一个天文学家或工程师,流利掌握几门外语。

In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently.

如果你感兴趣的话,你可能读希腊原文的荷马史诗或俄文版的陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品;如果对此不感兴趣,那你可以徒步周游世界,撰写一本游记。

If it appealed to you,you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn’t,you could have walked around the world and written a book about it.

电视的弊端在于它分散了人们的注意力。

The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration.

生活中几乎一切有趣的、能给人以满足的事都需要必然的建设性的、持之以恒的努力。

Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive,consistently applied effort.

即使是我们中间那些最迟钝、最没有天才的人也能做出一些事来,而这些事使那些从来不在任何事情上收视反听的人感到像是奇迹一般。

The dullest,the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything.

但电视鼓励我们不做出任何努力,它向我们兜售即时的满足,它给我们提供娱乐,使我们只想娱乐,让时间在毫无痛苦中消磨掉。

But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification. It diverts us only to divert,to make the time pass without pain.

电视节目的多样化成了一种麻醉剂而不是促进思考的因素。

Television’s variety becomes a narcotic ,nor a stimulus.

它那系列的、多变的画面引着我们跟着它走。

Its serial,kaleidoscopic exposures force us to follow its lead.

不雅众无休无止地跟着导游游览:参不雅博物馆30分钟,看大教堂30分钟,喝饮料30分钟,然后上车去下一个参不雅点,只是电视的特点是时间分配以分秒计算,而所选择

的内容却多为车祸和人们的互相残杀。

The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour:30 minutes at the museum,30 at the cathedral,30 for a drink,then back on the bus to the next attraction —-except on television.,typically,the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds,and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another.

总之许多电视节目取代了人类最可贵的一种才能,即主动集中本身的注意力,而不是被动地奉送注意力。

In short,a lot of television usurps one of the most precious of all human gifts,the ability to focus your attention yourself,rather than just passively surrender it.

吸引并抓住人们的注意力是大多数电视节目安排的主要目的,它加强了电视是有利可图的广告的载体的作用。

Capturing your attention —and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle.

节目安排使人生活在无休止的恐惧之中,唯恐抓不住人们的注意力——不管是什么人的注意力都担心。

Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone’s attention—anyone’s.

避免造成这一局面的最有把握的办法就是使一切节目都保持简短,不要使任何人的注意力过于集中而受到损害,而要通过多样化、别致性、动作和行动不竭地提供刺激。

The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief,not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety,novelty,action and movement.

很简单,电视的运作原则就是迎合不雅众的注意力跨度短这一特点。

Quite simply,television operates on the appeal to the short attention span.

这只是最简单的解决办法,但它逐渐被看作是电视这一宣传媒体特定的,内在固有的性质,是必需履行的职责,似乎是司令萨尔诺夫或另一个令人敬畏的电视创始人给我们传下了刻有铭文的石碑,命令电视上出现的一切节目均不得使不雅众需要半晌以上的注意力。

It is simply the easiest way out. But it has come to be regarded as a given,as inherent in the medium itself;as an imperative,as though General Sarnoff,or one of the other august pioneers of video,had bequeathed to us tablets of stone commanding that nothing in television shall ever require mor e than a few moments’ Concentration.

要是运用得恰当,这倒也无可厚非。

In its place that is fine.

如此出色地把使人忘却现实的娱乐作为大规模推销工具加以包装,谁又能反对这样一种宣传媒介呢?

Who can quarrel with a medium that so brilliantly packages escapist entertainment as a mass-marketing tool?

但是我看到了它的价值现已充斥于这个国家及其生活之中。

Rut I see its values now pervading this nation and its life.

认为快速思维和快餐食品一样影响着生活节奏很快、性情暴躁的公众,这已成了时髦的看法。

It has become fashionable to think that,like fast food,fast ideas are the way to get to a fast-moving,impatient public.

在新闻方面,我认为这种做法不能进行很好的交流。

In the case of news,this practice,in my view,results in inefficient communication.

我怀疑电视每晚的新闻节目真正能够被人吸收和理解的有多少。

I questi on how much of television’s nightly news effort is really absorbable and understandable.

其中许多被形象地描述为“机关枪不连贯地点射”。

Much of it is what has been aptly described as “machine-gunning with scraps.”

我认为这种技术是与连贯性作对的。

I think the technique fights coherence.

我认为它最终会使事情变得索然无味、无足轻重(除非伴以恐怖的画面),因为任何一件事,如果你对它几乎一窍不通,那么它差不多总会是索然无味、使人觉得无足轻重的。

I think it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissible (unless they are accompanied by horrifying pictures)because almost anything is boring and dismissible if you know almost nothing about it.

我认为,电视迎合不雅众注意力跨度短的做法不仅会造成交流不畅,并且还会降低文化水平。

I believe that TV’s appeal to the short attention span is not only inefficient communication but decivilizing as well.

想一想电视要达到的那些极不慎重的原则吧:必需避免复杂性,用视觉刺激来代替思考,语言的精确早已是不达时宜的要求。

Consider the casual assumptions that television tends to cultivate:that complexity must be avoided,that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought,that verbal precision is an anachronism.

它可能已过时,但我所受的教育告诉我思想就是语言,是按准确的语法规则组织起来的。

It may be old-fashioned,but I was taught that thought is words,arranged in grammatically precise

在美国存在着读写能力的危机。

There is a crisis of literacy in this country.

据一项研究估计,约有3000万美国成年人是“功能性文盲”。他们的读写能力无法回答招聘广告,或读懂药瓶上的说明。

One study estimates that some 30 million adult Americans are “functionally illiterate” and cannot read or write well enough to answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle.

能读写可能算不上是一项不成剥夺的人权,但是我们学识渊博的开国元勋们并不感到它是不合理的或者甚至是达不到的。

Literacy may not be an inalienable human right,but it is one that the highly literate Founding Fathers might not have found unreasonable or even unattainable.

从统计数字上看,我们的国家不仅未达到人人能读写的程度,并且离这一目标越来越远。

We are not only not attaining it as a nation,statistically speaking,but we are falling further and further short of attaining it.

尽管我不会天真到认为电视是造成这一情况的原因,但我却相信它起了必然的作用,是有影响的。

And,white I would not be so simplistic as to suggest that television is the cause,1 believe it contributes and is an influence.

美国的一切:社会结构、家庭组织形式、经济、在世界上的地位,都变得更为复杂,而不是相反。

Everything about this nation —the structure of the society,its forms of family organization,its economy,its place in the world— has become more complex,not less.

然而其占主导地位的传播媒介,全国联系的主要方式,却在人类存在的问题上推销简单的解决方式,而这些问题通常是没有简单的解决方式的。

Yet its dominating communications instrument,its principal form of national linkage,is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions.

在我的心目中,那30秒钟一个的商业广告:一位家庭主妇因选对了牙膏而感到幸福的那小小的戏剧性场面就是这一切的象征。电视已使这极其成功的艺术形式成为我们文化不成缺少的一个部分了。

It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that television has made central to the culture,the 30-second commercial:the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds happiness in choosing the right toothpaste.

在人类历史上,几时曾有这样多的人共同把本身这样多的业余时间奉送给一件玩具,一项大众娱乐?

When before in human history has so much humanity collectively surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy,one mass diversion?

几时曾有一个国家使本身整个地置于商品推销媒介的摆布之下?

When before has virtually an entire nation surrendered itself whole-sale to a medium for selling?

几年前,耶鲁大学的法学教授小查尔斯?L?布莱克写道:“……被喂食本身并不是件琐碎小事。”

Some years ago Yale University law professor Charles L. Black. Jr.,wrote:“…… forced feeding on trivial fare is not itself a trivial matter-”

我认为我们这个社会正在强行被喂食。

I think this society is being forced-fed with trivial fare,

我担心这一做法对我们的思维习惯,对我们的语言、我们努力的极限度及对复杂情况的兴趣等方面所造成的影响,这一点我们还只是极模糊地意识到。

and I fear that the effects on our habits of mind,our language,our tolerance for effort,and our appetite for complexity are only dimly perceived.

就算我的看法不对,用怀疑和批判的眼光来分析这个问题,来考虑如何抵制它,也不会有任何害处。

If I am wrong,we will have done no harm to look at the issue skeptically and critically,to consider how we should be resisting it. I hope you will join with me in doing so.

高级英语_Unit_9_Mark_Twain---_Mirror_of_America

高级英语 Unit 9 Mark Twain --- Mirror of America翻译&词汇 2010年12月19日星期日 19:50 第九课 马克?吐温——美国的一面镜子 (节选) 诺埃尔?格罗夫 在大多数美国人的心目中,马克?吐温是位伟大作家,他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。的确,这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温,一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。 印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家:马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯,他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地,体验着美国的新生活,尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为两口寻(12英尺)——意即可以通航的信号语。他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行,其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者,由此可见他的享誉程度。 在马克?吐温青年时代,美国的地理中心是密西西比河流域,而密西西比河是这个年轻国家中部的交通大动脉。龙骨船、平底船和大木筏载运着最重要的商品。木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮货通过这些运载工具顺流而下,运送到河口三角洲地区,而砂糖、糖浆、棉花和威士忌酒等货物则被运送到北方。在19世纪50年代,西部领土开发高潮到来之前,辽阔的密西西比河流域占美国已开发领土的四分之三。 1857年,少年马克?吐温作为蒸汽船上的一名小领航员踏人了这片天地。在这个新的工作岗位上,他接触到的是各式各样的人物,看到的是一个多姿多彩的大干世界。他完全地投身到这种生活之中,经常在操舵室里听着人们谈论民间争斗、海盗抢劫、私刑案件、游医卖药以及河边的一些化外民居的故事。所有这一切,连同他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语言,后来都有机会在他的作品中得以再现。 蒸汽船的甲板上不仅挤满了富有开拓精神的人们,而且也载着一些娼妓、赌棍和歹徒等社会渣滓。从所有这些形形色色的人身上,马克?吐温敏锐地认识了人类,认识了人们的言与行之间的差距。他在蒸汽船上工作的四年半时间是他真正接受教育的开端,而且也是最具有深远意义的教育。到了晚年,马克?吐温还声言是密西西比河使他了解了各种各样的人的本性。这种生活体验对他的全部创作都起了促进作用,然而他描写得最为成功的还是那些密西西比河上的人物。 随着铁路运输的发展,社会上对汽船领航员的需求日渐减少,而内战的爆发又阻碍了商业贸易的发展。这时,马克?吐温便离开了密西西比河流域。他在南方邦联游击队的一支杂牌队伍里当了两个星期的兵。那支队伍想方设法避免与敌军交战。在确信“我比发明撤退的人更精通撤退”之后,马克?吐温离开了那支队伍。 他乘驿站马车来到西部,在内华达州的华苏地区受到当时正流行的淘金热的诱惑。同那只有既幸运而又锲而不舍的追求者才能取得的巨大财富三心二意地打了八个月交道之后,他遭到了失败。在破产和灰心之余,他接受了为弗吉尼亚市

高级英语 单词和课文翻译

Lesson1 Bazaar (n.) : (in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(东方国家的)市场,集市cavern (n.) : a cave,esp.a large cave洞穴,山洞(尤指大洞穴,大山洞) shadowy (adj.) : dim;indistinct模糊的;朦胧的 FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: cornflowerblue" color=white>harmonious (adj.) : having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect;consonant(音调)和谐的,悦耳的/harmoniously adv. throng (n.) :a great number of people gathered together;crowd人群;群集 conceivable (adj.) : that can be conceived,imagined 可想象的,想得到的 din (n.) : a loud,continuous noise喧闹声,嘈杂声 would-be ( adj.) : intended to be预期成为……的;将要成为……的 muted (adj.) : (of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音)减弱的 vaulted ( adj.) : having the form of a vault;arched穹窿形的;拱形的 sepulchral(n.) : a cave,esp.a large cave洞穴,山洞(尤指大洞穴,大山洞) shadowy (adj.) : suggestive of the grave or burial;dismal;gloomy坟墓般的;阴森森的 guild ( n.) : any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会;协会trestle (n.) :a frame consising of a horizontal beam fastened to two pairs of spreading legs,used to support planks to form a table,platform,etc.支架;脚手台架;搁凳 impinge (v.) : strike,hit,or dash;have an effect撞击,冲击,冲撞;对……具有影响fairyland (n.) : the imaginary land where the fairies live;a lovely enchanting place仙境;奇境burnish ( v.) : make or become shiny by rubbing;polish擦亮;磨光;抛光 brazier ( n.) : a metal pan,bowl,etc.,to hold burning coals or charcoal,as for warming a room or grilling food火盆;火钵 dim ( v.) :make or grow unclear(使)变暗淡;(使)变模糊 rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj.) :having rhythm有韵律的;有节奏的/rhythmically adv bellows ( n.) :(sing.&p1.)a device that produces a stream of air through a narrow tube when its sides are pressed together(used for blowing fires,etc.)(单复同)风箱 intricate ( adj.) :complex;hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts,details,or relationships;full of elaborate detail错综复杂的;精心制作的 exotic ( adj.) :strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating奇异的;异常迷人的sumptuous ( adj.) :involving great expense;costly lavish豪华的;奢侈的;昂贵的 maze ( n.) : ( n.) :a confusing,intricate network of winding pathways 迷津;迷宫;曲径 honeycomb ( v.) :fill with holes like a honeycomb使成蜂窝状 mosque ( n.) :a Moslem temple or place of worship清真寺;伊斯兰教堂 caravanserai /caravansery ( n.) :in the Orient.a kind of inn with a large central court,where caravans stop for the night东方商队(或旅行队)的客店 disdainful ( n.) :feeling or expressing disdain;scornful and aloof;proud轻视的,轻蔑的;傲慢的/disdainfully adv. bale ( n.) :a large bundle大包,大捆 linseed ( n.) :the seed of flax亚麻籽 somber ( adj.) :dark and gloomy or dull阴沉的;昏暗的 pulp ( n.) :a soft,moist,formless mass that sticks together浆

(完整版)高级英语第二册课文翻译

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She tried to weigh each side of the question .In her home anyway she had shelter and food ; she had those whom she had known all her life about her . Of course she had to work hard , both in the house and at business . What would they say of her in the stores when they found out that she had run away with a fellow ? Say she was a fool , perhaps; and her place would be filled up by advertisement。 Miss Gavan would be glad . 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