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超详细非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词t h e N o n-F i n i t e V e r b s 定义在句子中不是谓语的动词,

形式:不定式、动名词和分词现在分词和过去分词

作用:在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等.

特点:1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用如动词不定式和动名词,在句中做主语、宾语、表语.

2.非谓语动词可以有形容词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.

3.非谓语动词可以有副词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中作状语.

4.谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制.

5.英语中不能单独做句子的谓语.

与谓语动词的关系相同点

(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如: They built a garden. They suggested building a garden.

(2)都可以被状语修饰: The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well.

(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式一般式;进行式;完成式的变化.例如:He was punished by his parents.谓语动词被动语态 He avoided being punished by his parents.动名词的被动式

We have written the composition.谓语动词的完成时 Having written the composition, we handed it in.现在分词的完成式

(4)都可以有逻辑主语

They started the work at once.谓语动词的逻辑主语 The boss ordered them to start the work.动词不定式的逻辑主语

We are League members.谓语动词的主语 We being League member, the work was well done. 现在分词的逻辑主语

不定式

一、形式功能:

动词不定式:to+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.

否定式:not + to do 以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下:

(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.

例如: I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你.

He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多.

We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观.

He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家.

The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术.

The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作.

(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,

例如:The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力.

He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书.

3完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:

I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了.

I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影.

He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友.

二、不定式的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很

难的.

To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败.

动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的.

It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败.

常用句式有:

1作主语:

1、It+be+名词+to do.

2、It takes sb.+some time+to do.

3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do.

①与careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wis e,wrong , careful , polite , 等表示赞扬或批评的形容词连用,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语.

②与for连用的通常是一些表示可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形容词:possible,impossible,easy,hard,difficult,necessary

It’s necessary for you to study hard .necessary 修饰 to study hard,表示学习努力是有必要的

It’s foolish of him to do it .foolish 修饰逻辑主语him

2作表语:放be动词后,构成表语

Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅.

He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了.

注意:

(3)作宾语:

①动词+不定式.如:

He managed to escape from the fire.

I find it hard to get along with him.it 作形式宾语

下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, promise, prefer, like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , teach , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect ,choose, get等

②动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语.如:

I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.

I can’t decide when to go there.

注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语.如:

I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.

We think it important to obey the laws .

不定式动词可充当介词宾语,如:

I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里,别无选择.

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干.

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的.

(4)作宾语补足语:

①动词+宾语+不定式to do

He warned me to be careful.

I want you to speak to Tom.

What makes you think so不带to的不定式

注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage,beg, permit, persuade,prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.他有很多工作要做,所以没去电影院.

②表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构:

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

The book is believed to be useful.被动语态

③ There +不定式

We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里.

注意:1有些动词需用 as 短语作补语,像regard, think, believe, take, consider.如:

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师.

Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲.

2在动词feel 一感,hear, listen to二听,have, let, make三让,notice, see, watch, observe, look at五看即:吾看三室两厅一感觉等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to.如:

They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.

3help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.

I often help him toclean the room.

(5)作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系:

1)He is looking for a room to live in.动状关系

He has got a chance to go abroad.同位关系

3主谓关系:She is always the last person to speak at the meeting . ----I’m

going to the post office , for I have a letter to post .

逻辑主语是I -------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now 逻辑主语不是I

4动宾关系:

I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席.

注意:如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词.如:

I need a pen to write with . I will wirte with the pen 我需要一直钢笔写字

I have a little baby to look after .I must look after the little baby 我有一个婴儿要照看

He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in .

What did you open it with 你用什么打开它

如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:

He has no place to live. 他无处安身.

This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法.

He has no money and no place to live in .

I think the best way to travel by is on foot .

There is no time to think about .

注意:

①不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动、也可用被动式:

Have you got anything to send 你要送什么东西吗 Have you got anything to be sent 你有什么东西需要送吗

②说明所修饰名词的内容: We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了一个完成工作的计划.

③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语: He is the first to get here. 他第一个来到这儿.

6作状语:

①表目的:

He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱.

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链.

注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致: wrong:To save money, every means has been tried. right:To save money, he has tried every means. 为

了省钱,他使出了浑身解数. wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语,他需要一本词典.

作目的状语:既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾 To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked. 说实话,我不喜欢他讲话的方式.

②表结果往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之外:常放在never only后

He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了,只见火车已经走了.

I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他,只见他出去了.

③表原因:常放在形容词后面

They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心.

④表程度:

It's too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了,我们什么也看不见.

The question is simple for him to answer. 这问题由他来回答是很简单的.

三、不定式的省略:

①情态动词除ought外, ought to do

②would rather, had better

③感官动词和使役动词

④由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式,第二个 to 可以省去.如:He wants to move to France and marry the girl.

⑤help

⑥Why…/Why not…

⑦But 和 except 前是动词 do 时,后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式.试比较:

He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

⑧通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后,可以省去 to be .如:

⑨保留to省略do动词. If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. 如果你不想做这件事,你就不必做.

⑩不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to.下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到to:

want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生.

五、注意:

1.to 作介词:agree to, object to,close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to

动名词

一、定义:动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能.

二、形式:

一般式 doing 谓语动词同时发生 being done Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.

完成式 having done having been done 谓语动词发生之前We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影.

否定式:not + 动名词动名词的形式: I regret not following his advice. 我

后悔没听他的劝告.

被动式: He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会.

完成被动式: He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过.

复合结构:物主代词或名词所有格+ 动名词

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次.

His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦.

三、动名词的句法功能:

(1)作主语:谓语用单数

Reading aloud is very helpful.

Collecting stamps is interesting.

Playing with fire is dangerous.

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语.结构:It’s no good/use doing.... It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的.

(2)作表语:

动名词可以和主语调换位置.如:My hobby is collecting stamps.

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作

是产卵.

3作宾语:They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝.

We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染.

注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句.此外,动名词作宾语时,

若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如: We found it no good making fun

of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好.

只接V-ing做宾语的动词和动词短语:

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit,deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…from,keep …from, stop…from,protect…from, set about, be engag ed in, spend…in, succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

接动名词、不定式均可,且意义相同的动词:

like, love, dilike,hate, begin, star, continue, prefer, cease, can’t bear/endure/stand

接动名词、不定式均可,但意义不同的词:forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等

Stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做

Forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过

Remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过

Regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过

Try to do 企图做,尽力做 try doing 试着做

Go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事

Mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做

注意:Need, require, want作“需要”讲,其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义,be worth也有类似用法.如:

The flowers need watering/to be watered.

The problem is worth discussing.

(4)作定语:

动名词作定语,一般表示用途.如:

a waiting room,a diving board,a reading room,a dining hall

动名词与现在分词作定语的区别:

1现在分词作定语表动作,它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,可改写成一个定语从句.

如果为单词,放在被修饰n之前,为短语,放在被修饰n之后.

如:a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping

a developing country =a country which is developing

2动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质,可改写成一个for的短语,两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系.

如:a washing machine = a mashine for washing

a swimming pool = a pool for swimming

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路.

Is there a swimming pool in your school 你们学校有游泳池吗

(5)作同位语: The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密.

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变.

分词

一、现在分词和过去分词的区别:

1在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义;过去分词表示被动意义,不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生.

像:gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词.如:a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球

2在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性.

如:falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶

注意:分词作时间状语,如果先于主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用having done.如:

Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.=After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.

二、注意:

1分词作状语,其逻辑主语要与主句主语保持一致

2分词前常有when / while / as / before/ after/ if / unless /even if 等引导词

3如果过去分词的动作发生在主句谓语之前,用having been done Having been hurt in a traffic accident, I was given an operation.

4分词做状语,主语之前不可有and /but / so / or/ so that 等连词如有,则此句子为祈使句

Working hard, you will succeed.

Working hard and you will succeed.

5)否定式,在分词之前+ not

6)固定搭配: be dressed in be lost in thoughts lost in thoughts, he knocked into me.

7)分词的逻辑主语与主句不同,分词要有自己的逻辑主语,称为“独立主语” The money used up, I had no food to eat

现在分词

二、定义:既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.

二、形式:肯定式:V-ing;否定式:not + 现在分词

(1)主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,

完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语.

例如:They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去.

Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球.

(2)被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓

语动词之前的被动的动作.

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要.

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告

诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误.

三、现在分词的句法功能:

(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分

词短语做定语放在名词后.

In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中,他学习更努

力了.

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那

个人是我们班长的父亲.

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可

用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

(2)现在分词作表语: The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正

在这家上演的电影很棒.

The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心.

be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表

结构.

3作宾语补足语:如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等.例如:

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着. (4)现在分词作状语:

①作时间状语: While Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人.

②作原因状语: Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于

是共青团员,他经常帮助他人.

③作方式状语,表示伴随: He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在

家里,又擦又洗.

④作条件状语: If Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要

是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间.

⑤作结果状语: He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子

掉了,结果摔得粉碎.

⑥作目的状语: He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了.

⑦作让步状语: Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨

下得很大,但不久天就晴了.

⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有

的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了.

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许,我们将做另

两个练习.

有时也可用with without +名词代词宾格+分词形式 With the lights burning,

he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了.

⑨作独立成分: udging fromby his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看,他一定是个演员. Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,

女孩子更细心.

过去分词

一、形式:只有V-ed一种形式.①规则,V-ed, ②不规则

二、句法功能

1.过去分词作定语:

①单个过去分词做定语时用于被修饰的名词前,做前置定语 frozen food、polluted river、a terrified boy

Vt.过去分词作定语,表被动及完成

Vi 过去分词作定语,表示完成 a married man an escape man the risen sun a fallen leaf

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有

组织的旅行.

Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的

人将出席这次会.

②凡是用作定语修饰人或表示与个人相关的心理状态,用过去分词,而修饰物时,则用

现在分词做定语

a satisfied smile a satisfying answer

Tom tired at the tiring speech,started to sleep.

③过去分词短语做定语时,用于被修饰的名词之后,相当于省略了which/who is/are:

A book written by luxun a student called Mary

The meeting being held now is important.

The meeting held yesterday was important

The meeting to be held tomorrow is important.

2.过去分词作表语: The window is broken. 窗户破了.

They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕.

注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态.

区别: The window is broken.系表 The window was broken by the boy.

被动有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成.如:boiled water开水 fallen leaves落叶

newly arrived goods新到的货 the risen sun升起的太阳 the changed world 变了的世界这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等.

3.过去分词作宾语补足语:

①做宾语补足语的动词一般是Vt,表示被动或完成

With+sth./sb. Done

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了.

With trees planted around the school, it looks nicer.

②Have /get + sb/sth. Done 叫人做....

Make oneself kmow/ understood/ hearted 让自己被....

③see /hear/ watch / notice/ observe / listen to等构成的感官动词及 think/ find 等表示心理状态的动词 ~ sth/ sb. done

1)I hear this song sung

2)I found the dooe unlocked when I got home.

④ want / wish / like / expect / order sth /sb. Done 希望、命令......被做

I want the problem discussed at the meeting.

4.过去分词作状语:

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲.原因

Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了.时间

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好.条件

Though told of the danger, he s till risked his life to save the boy. 虽

然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子.让步

Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞. 方式/伴随

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超详细非谓语动词讲解

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动名词也可以作为定语,修饰或限定名词,常用句式结构有:名语+动名词。例如:a talking parrot.(会说话的鹦鹉) 二、不定式 1、不定式的含义 不定式的含义,主要是指表示动作、状态或存在的动词,它有 to do形式,它有助于表达某动作或状态的目的、:理由或结果,并且不定式的变体有助于表达复杂的思维。 2、不定式的用法 (1)不定式充当主语 不定式作为主语,常用句式结构有:to do。例如: To read is a good habit.(读书是一个好习惯) (2)不定式充当宾语 不定式作为宾语,常用句式结构有:主语+动词+to do。例如:She wants to buy a new car.(她想买一辆新车) (3)不定式充当表语 不定式作为表语,常用句式结构有:主语+be+to do。例如:His plan is to stay at home.(他的计划是留在家里) (4)不定式充当定语 不定式作为定语,常用句式结构有:名语+不定式。例如:a task to do.(需要完成的任务) 综上所述,动名词作为谓语和宾语,不定式作为宾语、表语和定语,都可以用来表达复杂的句式结构,将句子的意思表达的更丰富,

非谓语动词讲解 超全

非谓语动词讲解超全 非谓语动词是指不具有人称和数的动词形式,不需要依附主语就可以使用的动词形式。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词等形式。非谓语动词的使用可以丰富句子结构,增强表达效果,表达出动作的进行、完成、目的、原因等不同的语义关系。 一、动词不定式 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,由“to” + 原形动词构成,具有名词、形容词或副词的特性。 1. 作主语: To learn English well is my goal.(学好英语是我的目标。) 2. 作宾语: I want to take a nap.(我想睡个觉。) 3. 作宾补: She found it difficult to solve the math problem.(她发现解决这 个数学问题很困难。) 4. 作表语: My dream is to become a teacher.(我的梦想是成为一名教师。) 5. 作状语: He left the room to make a phone call.(他离开房间去打电话。)

二、动名词 动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,多用于表示动作的稳定状态或被动的形式,常常作主语、宾语或介词的宾语。 1. 作主语: Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。) 2. 作宾语: I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢阅读书籍。) 3. 作宾补: He kept silent, not wanting to reveal the secret.(他保持沉默,不想泄露秘密。) 4. 作介词的宾语: She is good at playing the piano.(她擅长弹钢琴。) 三、现在分词 现在分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,通常以-ing结尾,可以表示主动、进行、伴随等含义。 1. 作定语: The running dog scared the child.(奔跑的狗吓唬了孩子。) 2. 作状语: She entered the room, smiling.(她微笑着走进了房间。) 3. 作宾补:

非谓语动词讲解句子大全

非谓语动词讲解句子大全 非谓语动词是动词的一种形式,常常以动词的原形、现在分词和过去分词的形式出现,在句子中起到修饰名词、形容词和副词,或起到状语和表语等作用。它不具备时态和人称的变化,修饰主语或与其他成分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 非谓语动词有以下几种形式:不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。下面以不同的形式进行解释和举例。 一、不定式 不定式是动词的一种形式,由to加动词原形构成。它可以用作名词、形容词和副词的宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。常常出现在句子中,并带有to。 1. 作名词: - To learn is to grow.(学习就是成长。) - I want to go to the park.(我想去公园。) 2. 作形容词: - I have something important to tell you.(我有重要的事情要告诉你。) - The book to read is on the table.(可阅读的书在桌子上。) 3. 作副词: - She came to help.(她来帮忙。) - We go to school to study.(我们上学是为了学习。)

二、动名词 动名词是动词的一种形式,由动词原形加-ing构成。它可以充当名词,可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。 1. 作主语: - Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。) 2. 作宾语: - I enjoy singing.(我喜欢唱歌。) - They avoid staying out late.(他们避免太晚出去。) 3. 作表语: - Her hobby is dancing.(她的爱好是跳舞。) 4. 作定语: - The running water is very clear.(流动的水非常清澈。) 三、现在分词 现在分词以-ing结尾,表示主动、进行或正在进行的动作,常用来修饰名词或代词,也可以作定语、状语等。 1. 修饰名词: - The crying baby is hungry.(正在哭的婴儿非常饿。) 2. 作定语: - The girl standing at the door is my sister.(站在门口的那个女孩是我的妹妹。)

英语语法非谓语动词讲解超全超实用

英语语法非谓语动词讲解超全超实用在英语语法中,非谓语动词是指在句子中不能独立充当谓语,而是通过与其他词语搭配来发挥作用的动词形式。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。本文将对这三种非谓语动词进行详细的讲解,帮助读者更好地理解和运用。 一、动词不定式 1.定义和形式: 动词不定式是由动词原形加上"to"构成的形式,表示不完整的动作或状态。例如:to eat, to dance。 2.用途和功能: (1)作主语:动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,常放在句首。例如:To learn a new language is challenging. (2)作宾语:动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语,表示动作的目的或意图。例如:I want to learn English. (3)作表语:动词不定式可以作为系动词的表语,表示身份、偏好、目的等。例如:Her dream is to become a doctor. (4)作定语:动词不定式可以修饰名词或代词,起到进一步说明或限定的作用。例如:The best way to improve English is to practice more.

(5)作状语:动词不定式可以表示时间、目的、方式等状语的作用。例如:I went to the park to relax. 3.特殊用法: (1)省略to:在某些情况下,不定式的to可以省略,例如在助动词let、make、help等后面。例如:Let me go. (2)动词不定式的时态:动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,但可以根据不同的时间来使用不同的时态。例如:I want to go shopping.(现在时态)I wanted to go shopping.(过去时态) 二、动名词 1.定义和形式: 动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的形式,可以作为名词使用。例如:swimming, running。 2.用途和功能: (1)作主语:动名词可以作为句子的主语,常放在句首。例如:Reading books is my hobby. (2)作宾语:动名词可以作为及物动词的宾语,表示动作的对象或内容。例如:I enjoy playing basketball. (3)作表语:动名词可以作为系动词的表语,表示身份或特点。例如:His favorite activity is swimming.

非谓语动词讲解(超全超实用)

非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b. v-ing c. 过去分词 概述:1.谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词:是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定式 一.动词不定式的时态和被动形式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种: 1.一般式to do I like to read English. 2.进行式to be doing He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3.完成式to have done He seemed to have cleaned the room. 4.被动式to be done The work is to be done soon. 5.完成被动式to have been done The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 疑问词+动词不定式 What, who, which, where, when, how, why等疑问词构成不定式短语,这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。 二. 动词不定式的用法 I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe. Not to get there in time is your fault. (2)注:常用it做形式主语,将to do位于之后,使句子保持平衡。句型1:It + 谓语+(+sb.)+时间/金钱+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.

非谓语动词与固定搭配详解

非谓语动词与固定搭配详解 非谓语动词是英语中的一种特殊动词形式,它可以作主语、宾语、 表语、定语等,并与其他词语形成固定搭配。本文将详细介绍非谓语 动词与固定搭配的相关知识。 一、动词不定式(Infinitive) 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。动词不定式可以作为名词、状语、宾语等。 1. 作为名词 动词不定式可以作为句子的主语、宾语或表语。 例句: - To learn English well is my goal.(作主语) - She wants to be a doctor.(作宾语) - His dream is to travel around the world.(作表语) 2. 作为状语 动词不定式可以表示目的、结果、原因、方式等。 例句: - I go to the gym every day to keep fit.(表示目的) - She studied hard and passed the exam.(表示结果)

- He worked hard to earn money for his family.(表示原因) - She speaks softly to avoid waking up the baby.(表示方式) 二、动词动名词(Gerund) 动词动名词是非谓语动词的一种形式,一般由动词原形加上-ing构成。动词动名词可以作为名词、主语、宾语等。 1. 作为名词 动词动名词可以作为句子的主语、宾语、表语等。 例句: - Swimming is my favorite hobby.(作主语) - I enjoy reading books.(作宾语) - Her job is teaching English.(作表语) 2. 作为状语 动词动名词可以表示目的、原因、时间、方式等。 例句: - She went to the store for buying some groceries.(表示目的) - He apologized for arriving late.(表示原因) - They stayed up all night studying for the exam.(表示时间) - She won the game by playing strategically.(表示方式)

(完整版)名词的非谓语动词形式讲解

(完整版)名词的非谓语动词形式讲解 名词的非谓语动词形式是指名词在句子中充当动词而不是名词的功能。非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式、现在分词和过去分词。 1. 不定式 不定式是名词最常见的非谓语动词形式之一。不定式可以表示目的、愿望、惯以及某些特定的动作或状态。不定式的形式是“to + 动词原形”。 例如: - I want to go to the beach.(我想去海滩。) - He likes to play basketball.(他喜欢打篮球。) 2. 现在分词 现在分词是动词的一种形式,可以用作形容词或者动词。现在分词的形式是动词原形加上-ing。在名词中,现在分词用于描述正在进行的动作或者具有特定特征的人或物。 例如:

- The running man is my brother.(那个跑步的人是我哥哥。)- The interesting book is on the table.(有趣的书在桌子上。) 3. 过去分词 过去分词是动词的一种形式,常用作形容词,表示完成的动作或状态。过去分词的形式有规律变化和不规则变化。在名词中,过去分词也用于描述或修饰人或物。 例如: - The broken vase was expensive.(那个破损的花瓶很贵。) - She is interested in the written article.(她对那篇书面文章很感兴趣。) 综上所述,名词的非谓语动词形式主要包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词。掌握这些形式的用法和规则可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思,并丰富我们的语言表达能力。 *注意:以上内容仅供参考,具体语法使用请根据具体语境和句子结构进行判断和运用。*

非谓语动词与主句关系详解

非谓语动词与主句关系详解非谓语动词是英语中的一种特殊语法形式,它可以在句子中充当不同的成分,与主句之间存在着紧密的关系。本文将详细探讨非谓语动词与主句之间的关系,以及它们在句子中的具体运用。 一、非谓语动词的定义与分类 非谓语动词指的是在句子中不具备时态和人称变化的动词形式。根据其形式和功能的不同,非谓语动词可以分为不定式、动名词和现在分词。 1. 不定式(Infinitive) 不定式是以to加动词原形构成的形式,例如to eat、to sleep等。不定式可以在句子中作为名词、形容词或副词使用。 2. 动名词(Gerund) 动名词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,例如eating、sleeping等。动名词可以在句子中作为主语、表语、宾语或宾补等。 3. 现在分词(Present Participle) 现在分词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,例如eating、sleeping等。现在分词可以在句子中作为形容词或副词使用。 二、非谓语动词与主句的关系

非谓语动词与主句之间存在着紧密的逻辑关系,它们能够对主句中的某一成分进行补充或修饰,从而使句子更加丰富和精确。 1. 非谓语动词作主语 【例句】 Hiking is my favorite outdoor activity.(动名词) To learn a new language requires patience and perseverance.(不定式)在以上例句中,动名词"Hiking"和不定式"To learn a new language"作为主语出现在句子的开头,它们分别表达了"徒步旅行是我最喜欢的户外活动"和"学习一门新语言需要耐心和毅力"的意思。 2. 非谓语动词作宾语 【例句】 I enjoy reading books in my free time.(动名词) She decided to buy a new car.(不定式) 在以上例句中,动名词"reading books"和不定式"to buy a new car"作为宾语出现在主句中,它们分别表达了"我喜欢在空闲时间里读书"和"她决定买一辆新车"的意思。 3. 非谓语动词作定语 【例句】 The running water is so clear.(现在分词)

超详细非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs) 定义在句子中不是谓语的动词, 形式:不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词) 作用:在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等。 特点:1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 2.非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 3.非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。 4.谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。 5.英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。 与谓语动词的关系相同点 (1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如: They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. (2)都可以被状语修饰: The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. (3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如: He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态) He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式) We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时) Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式) (4)都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语) The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语) We are League members.(谓语动词的主语) We being League member, the work was well done. (现在分词的逻辑主语) 不定式 一、形式功能: 动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 否定式:not + (to) do 以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下: (1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.

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