词汇辨析与搭配
词汇辨析
第1组：放弃
abandon 指完全、永远地放弃，尤其指对其负有责任或义务者，或者放弃一个项目或计划。
desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等
forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物，着重于断绝情感上的依恋
quit 强调突然或出其不意的放弃，一般指“停止”
give up 多用于口头，表示停止做某事
词汇搭配
第1组：about
go about 散布，来往亲密
see about 负责处理
What about… 1. …怎样做？2. …好吗？[用于提出建议]
come about 1. 发生 2. 成为现实
leave…about到处乱放
turn about 1. 向后转 2. 转过身来
be about to 即将[同义]be on the point of (doing)
好了，下面布置作业。
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
abandon, desert, forsake, quit, give up
You must ___1___ your bad habits.
He ___2___ his wife and went away with all their money.
The fort had been hurriedly ___3___.
You must ___4___ smoking, or you won’t survive.
One friend of mine has decided to ___5___ his highly-
paid but demanding position in his company recently.
第一题：1. forsake2. abandoned3. deserted4. give up5. quit
词汇辨析
第2组：能力
ability指脑力或体力上能够干某事，通常暗示把某事办好的能力，后接
to do, for, in 或as，不可用of doing
capacity常指做某事的潜力，也指容纳或吸收的能力，后面常接of, for 或to do faculty指在某一方面先天具备或后天造就的能力
talent强调在某一特殊领域，尤其是在艺术方面的天生的才能
词汇搭配
第2组：accord
in accord with 与……一致[同]in accordance/aggreement/line with
of one’s own accord出于自愿，主动地[同]voluntarily
with one accord 一致的，一致同意的[同]unanimously
好了，下面布置作业。
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
ability, capacity, faculty, talent
My sister has a ___1___ for music.
These girls have the ___2___ to learn languages easily.
We found him work more suited to his ___3___.
The boy has great ___4___ in long-distance running.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
of one’s own accord，with one accord
第一题：1. talent2. faculty3. abilities4. capacities
第二题：
of one’s own accord：I commit myself to this care of my own accord
with one accord：The board of directors passed the decision with one accord.
词汇辨析
第3组：取消
abolish指完全消除某项旧制度、法律或旧风俗等
cancel指某人因某种意想不到的原因而临时取消事前所决定的事
eliminate指淘汰或取消不需要的东西
词汇搭配
第3组：account
account for 说明、解释（原因等）
on account of 基于、由于
on all accounts 无论如何
on no account 决不
take into account 考虑、重视[同]take account of
好了，下面布置作业。
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
abolish, cancel, eliminate
The flight to Tokyo is ___1___ because of the strom.
We must ___2___ unnecessary expense.
President Lincoln worked to ___3___ slavery.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
account for, on account of, take into account
第一题：1. cancelled2. eliminate3. abolish
第二题：
account for: His illness accounted for his absence
on account of: The game was delayed on account of the bad weather.take into account:
We should not take one’s looking into account when we are judging his or her pe rformance.
词汇辨析
第4组：缩短
abridge通过压缩删节而减少，但核心部分仍保留
shorten在长度、时间、范围等方面缩减
abbreviate指单词、短语通过压缩或省略某些部分而缩短
词汇搭配
第4组：acquaint
acquaint oneself with 熟悉，精通，通晓
be / get / become acquainted with 与（人）相识；了解；精通物
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
abridge, shorten, abbreviate
We must ___1___ the arm of enemy while building up our strength.
It was ___2___ from the original work.
In the field of International Trade, “I owe you”is ___3___ to IOU.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
acquaint oneself with, get acquainted with
参考答案：1. shorten2. abridged3. abbreviated
2.acquaint oneself with: I should have acquainted myself with my new duties.
get acquainted with: Let’s get better acquainted with each other.
第5组：吸收
absord指“被吸收着失去其特点”或“使其特点不复存在”
assimilate吸收知识，理解，指“成为吸收者的一部分”
take in吸收水分、空气等
sip一点一点的喝，啜饮
词汇搭配
第5组：absence
absence from 不在，缺席，缺勤
absence of mind 心不在焉
in the absence of （人）不在时，外出期间；缺少（物），不存在
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
absord, assimlilate, take in, sip
___1___ the fresh air, then I felt better.
Shanghai has ___2___ people from all over the country.
She began to ___3___ the hot soup after finished her meal.
This enterprise would like to ___4___ those small companies.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
absence from, absence of mind, in the absence of
第一题：1. took in2. assimilated3. sip4. absorb
第二题：
absence from: The traffic accident caused the sales manager's absence from this meetin g.
absence of mind: Absence of mind during the class is not a wise action, cause you wouldl miss something important.
in the absence of: The Red Army was highly in the absence of salt.
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词汇辨析
第6组：促进
stimulate刺激，鼓励，常指激励人们从懒散、心灰意懒中振作起来，还指人们对某事产生兴趣或奋发向上的情绪。
hasten催促、加速，加紧，指促使某人尽快做某事或使某事物尽快出现或结束。promote提升、促进，指根据某特定的目的，鼓励和协助某种计划或运动向前发展advance推进、促进，指加快进程，大多指具体的事物
词汇搭配
第6组：across
get sth. across 使人领会，使人理解
across the country 遍及全国
come/run across 遇到
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
stimulate, hasten, promote, advance
We are now ___1___ this kind of product.
The victory of the war ___2___ people all over the country.
He tried his best to ___3___ his position.
I ___4___ my steps downstairs to catch the bus, however, I finally missed it.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
get sth. across，come/run across
第一题：1. promoting2. stimulated3. advance4. hastened
第二题：
get sth. across: Do you think this book can get across to the readers?come/ru n across: I’ve just come across a friend I haven't seen for ages.
词汇辨析
第7组：语言
language指一个民族、一个国家的语言
accent指一个人讲话的口音
dialect一个国家中某个地区使用的方言
tone说话人的口气、声音的高低或轻重
词汇搭配
第7组：act
act as 担任……职位
act for 代理，为……尽力
act on/upon 按照……行动；对……起作用，（药）对……有效
好了，下面布置作业。
language, accent, dialect, tone
He must come from the South, cause he has a Cantonese ___1___.
Franch is my mother ___2___ while English is my second one.
Don’t speak to me in that impatiant ___3___ .
The play written in the ___4___ is very popular in this area, but it’s hard to tell wheth er it would be also welcome all over the country.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
act as, act for, act on/upon
第一题：1. accent2. language3. tone4. dialect
第二题：
act as: She acts as a robot in this newly released movie.
act for: During his illness, his solicitor has been acting for him in his business affairs. act on/upon: The wine began to act on his behavior.
词汇辨析
第8组：容纳
hold指房间或大厅能容纳（多少人等）
contain用容器装纳，也可指房间、大厅等的容纳，着重“其中确实包含有”accommodate即可表示提供，也可表示容纳，指“舒适地容纳”
词汇搭配
第8组：add
add to 增加
add up to 合计为
in addition 此外，另外
in addition to sth./doing 除……之外，另外
好了，下面布置作业。
hold, contain, accommodate
The bottle ___1___ milk.
I will ___2___ you in my bedroom, while I can sleep in the setting room.
This gym can ___3___ 80,000 people.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
add to, add up to, in addition to sth./doing
第一题：1. contain2. accommodate 3. hold
第二题：
add to: Don’t add fuel to the fire.
add up to: The whole number of the present added up to 2,000.
in addition to sth./doing: In addition to having an aspirin to release his headache, he too k a pill of hypnotic to peace himself asleep.
词汇辨析
第9组：完成
finish把一件事或一个动作做完，强调事情的了结、终止
complete完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整为完成的部分
end一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止
accomplish成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的
词汇搭配
第9组：advance
in advance 预先，在前面
in advance of 比……进步
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
finish, complete, end, accomplish
The football ___1___ in a draw after a playoff, so it would depend on penalty kicking to decide the winner.
Haven’t you ___2___ your dinner yet?
They can never ___3___ their desire if they still lack of unity like this.
When will work on the new school building be ___4___? It’s almost a new term now!
第二题：请用以下词组造句
in advance, in advance of
第一题：1. ended2. finished 3. accomplish4. completed
第二题：
in advance：Prepare your umbrella in advance, since it’s raining in an hour.
in advance of：
Great scientists’s idea are always in advance of the age in which he or she liv ed.
词汇辨析
第11组：获取
achieve完成，实现，强调由于极大努力，克服困难后达到目标
obtain取得，获得，只经过努力，或付出代价，或经过很长的时间而得到所需要的东西acquire取得，获得，至今过不断的努力或积累而得到
gain往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西
词汇搭配
第11组：advantage
take advantage of 利用，乘机
to one’s advantage有利地，有效地
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
achieve, obtain, acquire, gain
He finally hadn't been able to ___1___ that CD.
Some people go back for their education after they have worked for years to ___2___ an other degree.
This football team has ___3___ its goal of this year.
Only after ten years living in the country could one ___4___ his or her citizenship.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
take advantage of, to one’s advantage
第一题：1. obtain2. acquire3. achieve4. gain
第二题：
take advantage of: The murder killed the victim by taking advantage of the victim’s bad habbit.
to one’s advantage: The agreement is obviously to our advantage.
词汇辨析
第12组：成就
achievement指需要勇气和努力才能完成的异常危险和困难的事，其结果令人敬佩accomplishment指需要学问或付出一定劳动后才能且已经完成的或做好了的事
feat“功绩，技艺，壮举”，指需要极大的勇气、智慧和力量或技术获得的成就，这一成就受人瞩目和佩服
词汇搭配
第12组：afraid
be afraid of 害怕
be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
achievement, accomplishment, feat
A widely known ___1___ of radio electronics is an electronic calculating machine that can perform several thousand arithmetical operations in one second.
Among her ___2___ were sewing, cooking, playing the piano and dancing.
His ___3___ of bravery will be spread from generation to gerneration.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
be afraid of, be afraid to do sth.
第一题：1. achievement 2. accomplishment3. feats
第二题：
be afraid of: Can you believe it? Such a man is afraid of cat!
be afraid to do sth: The little girl is afraid to go to sleep alone without a lit light.
词汇辨析
第10组：准确
exact确切的，精确的，指数量或质量完全符合事实、真理或标准，没有丝毫差错correct正确的，指合乎一定的标准或规矩，没有错误
precise精密的，指具有高度的精确性和准确性
accurate准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入。
词汇搭配
第10组：advice
give/offer sb. a piece of advice 给某人忠告
act on /follow/take one’s advice听某人的忠告
advice on sth 关于……的建议
好了，下面布置作业。
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
exact, correct, precise, accurate
___1___ dresse for some ceremonies is necessary for those who always attend them. Is your watch ___2___? I suppose it’s 10 minutes slow.
Keep this ___3___ instrument away from the insolation and aquosity.
I can’t tell you the ___4___ date, but it should be around Oct. 20.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
give/offer sb. a piece of advice, act on /follow/take one’s advice, advice on sth
第一题：1. correct2. accurate3. precise4. exact
第二题：
give sb. a piece of advice：The doctor give me a piece of advice on my health. take one’s advice：If you take my advice, you’ll go to school early.
词汇辨析
第13组：承认
acknowledge着重“公开承认”，常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事
confess着重承认自己的过错或罪恶
admit是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实
recognize指正式承认主权、权利等
词汇搭配
第13组：after
after all 毕竟
ask after 询问
be/go after 追求，寻求
look after 照管
one after another 一个接一个地
take after 长得像，性格上像
好了，下面布置作业。第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。acknowledge, confess, admit, recognize
He ___1___ his mistake.
The murderer ___2___ to his crime.
They officially ___3___ it as the lawful government of the country.
She ___4___ having been defeated.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
after all, one after another, take after
第一题：1. admitted2. confessed3. recognized4. acknowledged
第二题：
after all: We chose to take a plane after all.
one after another: The students came into the classroom one after another. take after: You do take after your aunt.
词汇辨析
第13组：承认
acknowledge着重“公开承认”，常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事
confess着重承认自己的过错或罪恶
admit是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实
recognize指正式承认主权、权利等
词汇搭配
第13组：after
after all 毕竟
ask after 询问
be/go after 追求，寻求
look after 照管
one after another 一个接一个地
take after 长得像，性格上像
好了，下面布置作业。第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。acknowledge, confess, admit, recognize
He ___1___ his mistake.
The murderer ___2___ to his crime.
They officially ___3___ it as the lawful government of the country.
She ___4___ having been defeated.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
after all, one after another, take after
第一题：1. admitted2. confessed3. recognized4. acknowledged
第二题：
after all: We chose to take a plane after all.
one after another: The students came into the classroom one after another. take after: You do take after your aunt.
词汇辨析
第15组：承认
act各自的和单一的行为，强调行为的结果
action整体的行为，常用在机械、物理用语中
deed较为庄重、显著、伟大而感人的行为，且具有持久性
词汇搭配
第15组：agree
agree on/upon对……意见一致
agree to 同意，答应
agree with 一致，赞同，（食物、气候等）适合
好了，下面布置作业。
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
act, action, deed
One’s ___1___ of light would be eulogized from generation. The foolish ___2___ led to her poor end.
May you please tell me the ___3___ of the heart?
第二题：请用以下词组造句
agree on/upon, agree to, agree with
第一题：1. deed2. act3. action
第二题：
agree on/upon: We agree on this count at least.
agree to: She said agreed to my idea.
agree with: The climate there did not agree with me.
词汇辨析
第16组：真实
real指实际存在而不是理想或虚幻的
true强调和事实相符而不是杜撰的
actual指在行为或事实上已经发生或存在的事
genuine强调纯真而不掺入其他杂物，是正宗、地道的
词汇搭配
第16组：all (上)
all but几乎，差一点
all for 完全赞成
all of a sudden 突然
all in all 归根到底
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
real, true, actual, genuine
The ___1___ expense was much higher than we had expected. Could fairy tales be stories of ___2___ life?
Sometimes what you see maybe not ___3___ .
That old lady’s ring is made of ___4___ diamond.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
all but, all for, all in all, all of a sudden
第一题：1. actual2. real3. true4. genuine
第二题：
all but: The movie was all but over when we finally arrived.
all for: She’s all for more female going to work.
all in all: All in all it had been a great success.
all of a sudden: Love always comes all of a sudden.
词汇辨析
第17组：增加
add将一物加到另一物上，使其数量、体积、重要性方面有所增大或增加
increase主要指在数量、财富、权力等方面的增加；作不及物动词时，表示“（自行）扩大”、“增长”
plus（介词）指数量上的增加
add to多指“增添”的意思
词汇搭配
第17组：all (中)
go all out全力以赴
all over 到处，遍及
all right 行；身体好
all round 全面的，
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
add, increase, plus, add to
My salary has ___1___ this month.
This work requires intelligence ___2___ experience.
Fireworks ___3___ to the attraction of the festival night.
The bad weather ___4___ our differenties.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
all over, all right
第一题：1. increased2. plus3. added4. added to
第二题：
all over: People all over the world are now watching the opening ceremony of the Olympi cs.
all right: It’s all right, you can go now.
词汇辨析
第18组：足够
adequate常含有“充分但刚好足够之程度”的意思，比下面两个弱
enough指数量、份量或程度能满足一种愿望，特别是物质上的需要
sufficient指数量上尤指程度上多能满足或叨叨某种特殊需要，特别是精神上的需求
词汇搭配
第18组：all (下)
all the more更加
all the same 都一样
in all 总共
not at all 一点也不
好了，下面布置作业。第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
adequate, enough, sufficient
More coffee? No, thanks. I’ve had ___1___.
The pension is not ___2___ for living expenses.
I hope you will prove ___3___ to the job.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
all the more, in all
第一题：1. enough2. sufficient3. adequate
第二题：
all the more: She’s become beautiful all the more.
in all: There are 34 students in all.
词汇辨析
第19组：崇敬
admire常用语，指对优秀人物的崇敬钦佩，并含有欣赏爱慕之情
adore原指“崇拜”，现作“敬爱、爱慕”解，口语中常解释为“喜欢”
worship带有宗教色彩，指怀有虔诚的感情，对自己可望而不可及的人物的强烈崇拜。
词汇搭配
第19组：along
all along始终，一直
along with 随同……一起
get along 进展，相处
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
admire, adore, worship
I ___1___ him for his courage.
Leave him alone. He is now ___2___ the ground she treads on.
My mother ___3___ the cinema.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
all along, along with, get along
第一题：1. admire2. worshiping3. adores
第二题：
all along: The dog live with the old lady all along.
along with: He came in along with his parents
get along: The twins are always getting along well with each other.
词汇辨析
第20组：装饰
adorn指原本很美的东西饰以它物使其更美
decorate指用各种各样的图案、色彩、物品等使被装饰的东西焕然一新，以增加节日气氛ornament指以附属物衬托某物，使其更美丽
词汇搭配
第20组：angry
angry at/with sb.生某人的气
angry at/about sth. 因某事生气
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
adorn, decorate, ornament
Why don’t you ___1___ your room with some paintings? Woman like to ___2___ themselves with jewels.
People are now busy with ___3___ their Christmas trees.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
angry with sb. about sth.
第一题：1. ornament2. adorn3. decorating
第二题：
angry with sb. about sth.: Mother was angry with Tim about his lies.
词汇辨析
第21组：影响
affect影响、感动，着重指使事物受到不良影响或指个人感情受到影响influence着重强调对人的思想或行为进行潜移默化的影响
effect作名词用表示“影响”，作动词用表示“产生，招致”
词汇搭配
第21组：annoy
be annoyed at/by sth.对某事很生气
be annoyed with sb. 对某人很生气
第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
affect, influence, effect
My teacher ___1___ my decision to study science.
Smoking ___2___ health.
Alcoholic drink can have a bad ___3___ on your body.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
be annoyed with sb. at/by sth.
第一题：1. influenced2. affects3. effect
第二题：
be annoyed with sb. at/by sth..: I was heavily annoyed with the mosquito by their noise.
词汇辨析
第22组：热爱
affection强调“慈爱”，侧重指长期而持久的爱
love语气较强，指“深情的爱”，常用于祖国、亲友、异性等方面。
词汇搭配
第22组：another
one another互相
one after another 相继地，依次地
one way or another 以某种方式
好了，下面布置作业。第一题：选择正确的单词填入句子。
affection, love
His ___1___ for his wife is now dead.
She has a deep ___2___ for her daughter.
第二题：请用以下词组造句
one another, one after another, one way or another
第一题：1. love2. affection
第二题：
one another: I’d like to know how do you view one another.
one after another: The students entered into the classroom one after another.
one way or another: He has received that sum of money in one way or another.
anger, indignation, fury, wrath 这些名词均含“愤怒”之意。 1.anger ：普通用词，通常指因受到侮辱、损害、指责或顶撞等而引起的愤怒。 例如：She is swift to anger. （她爱生气。） He is quivering with anger. （他气得全身发抖。） 2.indignation ：较正式用词，指出于正义或对不公正之事而发出的愤怒。 例如：The news aroused the great indignation. （这消息激起了极大的愤慨。）3.fury ：语气最强，指极端的气愤，甚至达到发疯的程度。 例如：He flew into a fury and said that the whole thing was disgusting.（他勃然大怒，说这一切令人作呕。） 4.wrath ：文学用词，含义与anger相近，但语气强，含欲加惩罚或报复的意味。 例如：His silence marked his wrath.（他的沉默表明了他的愤怒。） 这些动词均有“任命，委派”之意。 1.appoint ：通常指不经过选择的官方委任。 例如：He was appointed secretary.（他被任命为秘书。） 2.designate ：书面用语，侧重当权者或机构的选拔或任命，有时含强行指定的意味。 例如：The chairman has designated her as his successor. （主席已指定她作为他的接班人。） 3.assign ：常指给一群人或个人分配、分派、指派或委派任务。 例如：The captain assigned two soldiers to guard the gate.（上尉派了两个士兵守大门。）
动词词义辨析50题时间: 25 MIN 1.It’s a pleasure for me to ____ you for the rest of the days. a. accompany b. conduct c. attend d. escort 2. Nowadays most of people buy a house on hire purchase and paid monthly _____. a. supplements b. installments c. arrangements d. tournaments 3. Thousands of _____ at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance. a. audience b. spectators c. participants d. observers 4. When a person has an infectious disease, he is usually ____ from other people. a. divided b. segregated c. isolated d. insulated 5. When you vacate the room, you should ____ the door key to me. a. hand in b. hand out c. hand down d. hand over 6. A nurse has to take care not to ____ air into the bloodstream of he patients.
专四词语辨析大全 近义词辨析 abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意 abandon: 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。desert: 着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。forsake: 侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。leave: 普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。give up: 普通用语，侧重指没有希忚或因外界压力而放弃。 ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude 这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。 ability: 普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。 capacity: 侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。capability: 多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。 genius: 语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。 talent: 着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。competence: 正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。faculty: 指特殊的才能或智力。 gift: 着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。 aptitude: 多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。 able, capable, competent 这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意 able: 最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。有时也指高超、非凡的能力。 capable: 语气弱于able，指有能力、有潜力或有条件做某事，常与of连用。competent: 强调具有能胜任某项工作的足够技能或其它所需的条件。 abolish, cancel, repeal 这些动词均含“取消、废除”之意 abolish: 正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。 cancel: 用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。 repeal书面用词，指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。 about, around, round 这些词均有“在周围、在附近”之意。 about: 既可表静态，也可表动态。 around: 主要用于美国，静态或动态均可。
ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude 这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。 1)ability: 普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。 eg: 1. The ability to use a language can be acquired by the ct of using the language. 运用语言的能力只能能通过不断练习才能获得。 2. His ability is limited.他的能力有限。 2)capacity ：侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。 eg: 1.Their reasoning capacity must be developed.他们的推理能力必须加以培养。 2. His capacity of accepting knowledge helps him to be the top student in his class. 他接受知识的能力使得他成为班里的第一名。 3)capability ：多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。 eg: 1. Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired.智慧的获得是依靠才能而不是年龄。 2. The little girl has great capability as a singer and should be trained.这个小女孩很有当歌手的才能,应该加以训练。 4)genius: 语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。 eg: 1. Mozart showed genius even at the age of six, when he began to compose minuets. 莫扎特六岁时就开始创作小步舞曲, 展露才华。 2. Einstein was a mathematical genius.爱因斯坦是数学天才。 5)talent: 着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。 eg: 1. He was a man of many talents.他是一个多才多艺的人。 2. There was a lot of talent in this company.这个公司有很多人才。 6)competence: 正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。 eg: We knew her competence in solving peoblems.我们都是知道她解决问题的能力。 7)faculty: 指特殊的才能或智力。 eg: An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes. 能无误地看出伪善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。 8)gift: 着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。 eg: 1. Her tactfulness is a remarkable gift.她的机敏是一种非凡的天赋。 2. This diplomat possessed an excellent gift for repartee.这位外交官具有卓越的应对才能。 9)aptitude: 多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。 eg: That student has an aptitude for mathematics.那个学生有数学方面的天赋。 abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意 1)abandon ：强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。 eg:1. Jackson has abandoned his old car.杰克逊把他那辆旧车扔了。 2. She abandoned her husband and children and went off with another man.她抛弃了自己的丈夫和孩子, 跟另外一个男人跑了。 2)desert ：着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。 eg: 1. Many soldiers deserted during the battle.在那次战斗中许多士兵开小差了。 2. Never desert a friend in need.绝不要抛弃有困难的朋友。 3)forsake ：侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。 eg: He was forsaken by his friends.他被朋友们背弃了。 4)leave ：普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。 eg: I have left my job which made me crazy.我已经辞掉了那份让我抓狂的工作了。 5)give up ：普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。 eg: The doctors gave my uncle up, but he lived.医生们认为我叔叔的病无法治好，但他却活了下来。 about, around, round 1）about表示“在……周围”，三者常可互换。如： eg:They sat about [round, around] the fire.（他们围火而坐。）
近义词辨析 ①abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意 abandon: 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。 desert: 着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。 forsake: 侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。 leave: 普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。 give up: 普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。 ②ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude 这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。 ability: 普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。 capacity: 侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。 capability: 多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。genius: 语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。 talent: 着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。 competence: 正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。 faculty: 指特殊的才能或智力。 gift: 着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。 aptitude: 多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。able, capable, competent 这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意 able: 最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。有时也指高超、非凡的能力。capable: 语气弱于able，指有能力、有潜力或有条件做某事，常与of连用。 competent: 强调具有能胜任某项工作的足够技能或其它所需的条件。 abolish, cancel, repeal 这些动词均含“取消、废除”之意 abolish: 正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。 cancel: 用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。 repeal书面用词，指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。 about, around, round 这些词均有“在周围、在附近”之意。 about: 既可表静态，也可表动态。 around: 主要用于美国，静态或动态均可。 round: 主要用于英国，多半指动态。 above, on, over 这些前置词均含“在……上”之意。 above: 一般指位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，也不接触另一物，其反义词是below。 on: 指与另一物表面相接触。 over: 指一物在另一物的垂直上方，多暗示悬空，但也含“覆盖于……之上”之意。其反义词是under。absorb, suck, digest, incorporate 这些动词均有“吸收”之意。 absorb: 普通用词，词义广泛，既可指吸收光、热、液体等具体东西，又可指吸收知识等抽象概念的东西。suck: 作“吸收”解时，可与absorb换用，但还可有“吮吸”之意。 digest: 侧重在消化道内改变食物的化学结构后被人体吸收。 incorporate: 指一物或多物与它物相融合，形成一整体。 absurd, ridiculous 这两个形容词均含有“荒谬的”之意 absurd: 普通用词，强调指违背常理的荒谬。 ridiculous: 强调荒谬到令人发笑的地步。 abundant, plentiful, ample 这些形容词均有“充分的、丰富的”之意。 abundant: 着重某物极为丰富有或大量的供应。 plentiful: 普通用词，指某物的数量多得称心如意，不过剩，但较少用于描写抽象之物。 ample: 指某物不仅满足了需要而且有余。 accept, receive, admit, take 这些动词均有“接受、接纳”之意。 accept: 强调主动地或自愿地接受，或者说，经过考虑后同意接受。 receive: 着重仅仅接到或收到这一支轮船或事实，而不含采取主动或积极行动的意思。
1、even if（=even though即便） 请比较下面两个例句： You must go tomorrow if you are ready． 如果你准备好了，明天你必须走。 You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t ready． 哪怕你没有准备好，明天你也得走。 2、whether…or（=if…or是否） You must go tomorrow whether you are ready or not． 无论你明天是否准备好了，你都必须走。 3、unless＋肯定动词（＝if＋否定动词除非） Unless you start at once you’ll be late．相当于： If you don’t start at once you’ll be late． 除非你立即动身，否则你就会迟到。 Unless you had a permit you couldn’t get a job．相当于： If you hadn’t a permit you couldn’t get a job． 除非你有执照，否则你就找不到工作。 注意下面两个例句间的区别： （a）Don’t call ′me if you need help． 如果你需要帮助的话，别打电话找我。 （b）Don’t call me unless you need help． 除非你需要帮助否则别打电话找我。 在例句（a）中，即使在对方需要帮助的时候，说话人也不愿意去帮助对方。在例句（b）中，在对方需要帮助的时候，说话人愿意帮助对方，但说话人不愿意对方在不要紧的时候打电话找自己。 unless＋he’d／you’d like／prefer等通常可用来代替if he／you wouldn’t like 等： I’ll ask Tom，unless you’d prefer me to ask／unless you’d rather I asked Bill．我去问汤姆，除非你宁愿叫我去问比尔。 4、but for（=if it were not for／if it hadn’t been for不然） My father pays me fees．But for that I wouldn’t be here． 我父亲给我一笔补贴费。不然我就不会在这里了。 The car broke down．But for that we would have been in time． 汽车出毛病了。要不是那个我们会及时赶到的。 5、otherwise（=if this doesn’t happen／didn’t happen／hadn’t happened 否则） We must be back before midnight；otherwise we’ll be locked out． 我们必须在午夜之前赶回去，否则我们就会被锁在门外。相当于： If we are not back by midnight we’ll be locked out．
专四常见短语1 catch one’s breath 喘气,松口气;屏息catch one’s eye 引人注目 catch sight of 看到,发现 come into effect 生效;实施 come into operation 施行,实行,生效come to one’s senses 醒悟;苏醒 come true 实现 could not help 禁不住,忍不住 cut short 中断,打断 do one’s best 尽力,努力 enjoy oneself 过得快活 fall in love with 爱上 find fault(with) 找岔 gain an advantage over 胜过,优于 get hold of 得到,获得 get rid of 丢弃,摆脱, get the best of 战胜 get the better of 战胜,占上风 get together 会面,装配 give rise to 引起,导致 give way 让路,让步 go ahead 开始,进行 go into effect 施行,实行,生效 go into operation 生效,实施 go wrong 出错,出故障 had better 应该 had rather 宁愿 had rather…than 宁愿…而不愿… have an advantage over 胜过,优于 have in mind 想到;记得;打算 have nothing to do with 和…毫无关系 have(something/much/little)to do with 和…(有些/有 很大/没有什么)关系 help oneself 自用,自取 keep an eye on 留意,照看 keep in mind 记住
<26> affect, influence 这些动词均含“影响”之意。 1. affect ：作主语通常是物而不是人，指一物对另一物产生的消极影响。 例如：The tax increases have affected us all.（加税已经影响了我们所有的人。） 2. influence ：侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。 例如：His parents no longer have any real influence over him.（他的父母对他已不再有任何约束力了。） affection, love, attachment 这些名词均含“爱、热爱”之意。 1. affection ：指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情，侧重感情的深沉。 例如：When the interviewer asked about your family or school,
you should speak with loyalty and affection.（当面试官提到你的家庭和学校时，你说话时要显得忠诚和热爱。） 2. love ：比affection的语气更强。表示一种难以控制的激情。 例如：My daughter loves folk songs very much.（我女儿很喜欢民歌。） 小编语：原来“I love you”所倾注的感情如此之深......童鞋们在对自己爱慕的人说这句话之后一定要负责哦~=w= 3. attachment ：通常用于书面文字中，既可指对某人某物的喜欢，又可指出自理智对某人或某物的热爱，尤指长时间的爱。 例如：She has a great attachment to her sister.（她十分依恋她的姐姐。） <25>affair, business, matter, concern, thing 这些名词均含“事情”之意。 1.affair ：含义较广，侧重指已发生或必须去做的任何事情或
选词填空：将forsake, abandoned, desert, give up, quit放到合适的位置，完成句子。 At fourteen he run away, ______ his home and friend. He ______ his wife and went away with all their money. The fort had been hurriedly ______. You must ______ smoking, or you won't survive. One friend of mine has decided to ______ his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. abandon 指完全、永远地放弃，尤其指对其负有责任或义务者，或者放弃一个项目或计划。desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等。 forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物，着重于断绝情感上的依恋。 quit 强调突然或出其不意的放弃，一般指“停止”。 give up 多用于口头，表示停止做某事。 After the age of about thirty they abandon individual ambition. 他们一过三十就放弃了个人的雄心壮志。 It is despicable to desert your children. 你抛弃你的孩子是卑劣的。 She persuaded her husband to forsake his drinking habit. 她说服丈夫改掉嗜酒的习惯。 He concluded to quit on pay day. 他决定在发薪水这天辞职。 Don't give up hope; keep on trying. 不要灰心，继续努力。 答案：forsake, abandoned, desert, give up, quit 选词填空：将respectable, respectful, respective放到合适的位置，完成句子。 He wishes to straighten up and lead a ______ life. He is ______ to his elders.
1.absence from 缺席,不在如： His long absence from work delayed his promotion. 他长期不上班，把他的提升给耽误了。 2. absence of 缺乏如： In the absence of my commanding officer, I acted on my own initiative. 指挥官不在场, 我主动见机行事。 In the absence of their teacher the class was in a state of anarchy. 教师不在, 班上一片混乱. 3. access to ……的入口,通路如： The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。 She was forbidden access to the club. 人家不允许她到那个俱乐部去。 4. acquaintance with 相识,了解如： I have only a nodding acquaintance with Japanese. 我对日语仅略知一二。 The guide has some acquaintance with Italian. 导游懂得一点意大利语。 5. action on sth 对……的作用如： Evidences of glacial action on the rocks 岩石上的冰河留下的痕迹 6. addition to sth 增加如： She is a beautiful addition to the family. 她是我们家漂亮的新成员。 Can we finance the addition to our home? 我们可以为你提供经费。
词汇辨析与搭配 辨析 第 1 ：放弃 abandon 指完全、永地放弃，尤其指其有任或者，或者放弃一个目或划。 desert 故意背自己的、任或誓言等 forsake 指弃以前所的人或事物，着重于断情感上的依恋 quit 突然或出其不意的放弃，一般指“停止” give up 多用于口，表示停止做某事 搭配 第1 ： about go about散布，来往密 see about理 What about ? 1. ?怎做？ 2. ?好？ [ 用于提出建 ] come about 1.生 2. 成 leave ? about到乱放 turn about 1.向后 2. 身来 be about to即将[同]be on the point of (doing) 好了，下面布置作。 第一：正确的填入句子。 abandon, desert, forsake, quit, give up You must ___1___ your bad habits. He ___2___ his wife and went away with all their money. The fort had been hurriedly ___3___. You must ___4___ smoking, or you won’tsurvive. One friend of mine has decided to ___5___ his highly- paid but demanding position in his company recently.
第一： 1. forsake2. abandoned3. deserted4. give up5. quit 辨析 第 2 ：能力 ability 指力或体力上能干某事，通常暗示把某事好的能力，后接 to do, for, in 或as ，不可用of doing capacity 常指做某事的潜力，也指容或吸收的能力，后面常接of, for 或to do faculty 指在某一方面先天具或后天造就的能力 talent 在某一特殊域，尤其是在方面的天生的才能 搭配 第2 ： accord in accord with与??一致[同]in accordance/aggreement/line with of one ’s own accord出于自愿，主地[ 同 ]voluntarily with one accord一致的，一致同意的[ 同 ]unanimously 好了，下面布置作。 第一：正确的填入句子。 ability, capacity, faculty, talent My sister has a ___1___ for music. These girls have the ___2___ to learn languages easily. We found him work more suited to his ___3___. The boy has great ___4___ in long-distance running. 第二：用以下造句 of one ’s own accord，with one accord 第一： 1. talent2. faculty3. abilities4. capacities 第二： of one ’s own accord：I commit myself to this care of my own accord with one accord：The board of directors passed the decision with one accord.
第二节形近词辨析 1.We have spent a lot ____amount of money on the project already A.inconsiderable B. inconsiderate C. inaccurate D. incomparable 2.Rumors were already beginning to _____that the project might have to be abandoned. A.calculate B. speculate C. circulate D. regulate 3.There have been apparent barriers that prevent women from reaching the top of the corporate_____. A.seniority B. superiority C. height D. hierarchy 4.They were both glad to have gotten through the divorce proceedings without any visible signs of_____. A.hostility B. hospitality C. humidity D. humanity 5.There has been a ____lack of communication between the management and the union. A.regretful B. regretting C. regrettable D. regretted 6.The statement completely laid bare its ____for world conquest. A.admiration B. ambition C. administration D. accusation 7.Hearing the news, they are ____joy and sorrow. A.alternatively B. alternately C. jointly D. mutually 8.You can not imagine how___ I felt when I faced with so many difficulties. A.overflowed B. overthrown C. overturned D. overwhelmed 9.His __ was taken as a part of lawsuit between American aviation and Yahoo. A.desperation B. depreciation C. deposition D. depression 10.This course ____ several different aspects of economics. A.embraces B. elaborates C. exaggerates D. embarks 11.She refused to ____to my going abroad. A.convert B. contribute C. correspond D. contest 12.The housing prices in big cities is ____, but still many young people would rather buy a house than rent a room. A.sneaking B. soaking C. soaring D. spinning 13.The____ law did not make a clear distinction between the new and old land boundary. A.adventurous B. advantageous C. ambitious D. ambiguous 14.It was ___ that the school discriminated against Asian students. A.assaulted B. alleged C. addicted D. ascribed
专四常考固定搭配 Act as充当，起……作用 Act for代表，代理 Adhere to遵守，坚持 Answer back无礼回嘴，顶嘴 Answer for对……负责，承担后果 Answer to对……有反应，适应，符合 Apply to适用于，应用于 Be as good as one’s word守信 Be compatible with与……兼容的（合得来的），相符Be consistent with与……一致，符合 Be cut out本质上适宜或适合 Be exposed to暴露于 Be frugal of节约的，节俭的 Be guilty of有……罪 Be independent of独立于 Be indicative of暗示的，表明的 Be particular about对……挑剔 Be positive of/about对……肯定的，对……有把握的Be reduced to使陷入不良境遇 Be relevant to与……相关的 Be sensitive to对……敏感的 Be susceptible to易受影响的，过敏的，易受感动的Bring down the house博得全场观众的喝彩 Buy/sell sth on credit赊买（卖）某物 By chance偶然地 By heart用心 By/in comparison with与……相比 By means of依靠，凭借 Call back召回，回电话 Call for要求，需要 Call forth唤起 Call out召集，挑起斗争 Carry away使深受感动而失去自制力 Carry off拿走，夺走，赢得 Carry on继续 Catch up on赶上进度 Clear up整理，消除，放晴 Come about发生 Come across偶然遇见 Come by获得，得到，从旁走过
1 、dominant predominant sovereign 这些形容词均含有“占优势的，支配其它的”之意。 dominant : 强调权威。 The British were formerly dominant in India. （英国人从前统治印度。）predominant : 侧重指影响与新近的优势。 The predominant feature of his character was pride. （他的性格中主要的特点是骄傲。）sovereign : 侧重指其他事物都从属于或低于它的。 The Queen has sovereign power . （女王握有统治权。） 2 、disgrace humiliate shame dishonor 这些动词均含“使丢脸、使受耻辱”之意。 disgrace : 侧重在别人，尤其在众人面前丢脸。 They have disgraced the whole school. （他们给整个学校都丢了脸。）humiliate : 强调受辱者自尊心的损坏。 Parents are humiliated if their children behave badly when guests are present. （子女在客人面前举止失当, 父母也失体面。） shame : 指由不光彩或不道德的行为引起的惭愧感或羞耻感。 The class's unruly behavior shamed the teacher . （这班学生不守规矩的行为使老师 感到羞愧。） dishonor : 有时可与disgrace 换用，但前者是指因失去荣誉所致。 There ' s no dishono r in losing. （失败并不是耻辱。） 4 、discern discriminate distinguish 这些动词均有“区别、辨别”之意。 discern : 语义较笼统，着重精深与准确的观察力，不一定有能分辨关系密切的各项事物的含义。 I soon discerned that the man was lying. （我很快便察觉出这个人是在撒谎。）discriminate : 语气强，指从十分相似的事物中辨出差异，尤其把好坏区分开来。They can discriminate hundreds of colors. （他们能分辨上百种颜色。）distinguish : 普通用词，指辨别者的能力或实际观察到的区别，强调辨别所需的技巧。We can distinguish between gold and silver . （我们能区分金和银。） 5 、describe represent sketch picture 这些动词均有“描写、描述”之意。 describe : 侧重指描述细节，给读者或听众提供清晰的视觉图像。 She described in detail their resisting the invaders. （她详细叙述了他们抵抗侵略者的事迹。） represent : 指有代表性或象征性地描述或讲述。 The painting represents the scene of a bumper harvest. （这幅画描绘了丰收的景象。） SketCh :指快速地勾勒或概略地叙述。The historical article SketChed the major events of the decade.（这篇有关历史的文章概述了这十年中的重大事
1、dominant predominant sovereign 这些形容词均含有“占优势的，支配其它的”之意。 dominant : 强调权威。 The British were formerly dominant in India.（英国人从前统治印度。）predominant : 侧重指影响与新近的优势。 The predominant feature of his character was pride.（他的性格中主要的特点是骄傲。） sovereign : 侧重指其他事物都从属于或低于它的。 The Queen has sovereign power.（女王握有统治权。） 2、disgrace humiliate shame dishonor 这些动词均含“使丢脸、使受耻辱”之意。 disgrace :侧重在别人，尤其在众人面前丢脸。 They have disgraced the whole school.（他们给整个学校都丢了脸。） humiliate :强调受辱者自尊心的损坏。 Parents are humiliated if their children behave badly when guests are present.（子女在客人面前举止失当, 父母也失体面。） shame :指由不光彩或不道德的行为引起的惭愧感或羞耻感。 The class's unruly behavior shamed the teacher.（这班学生不守规矩的行为使老师感到羞愧。） dishonor :有时可与disgrace换用，但前者是指因失去荣誉所致。 There’s no dishono r in losing.（失败并不是耻辱。） 4、discern discriminate distinguish 这些动词均有“区别、辨别”之意。 discern : 语义较笼统，着重精深与准确的观察力，不一定有能分辨关系密切的各项事物的含义。 I soon discerned that the man was lying.（我很快便察觉出这个人是在撒谎。）discriminate : 语气强，指从十分相似的事物中辨出差异，尤其把好坏区分开来。They can discriminate hundreds of colors.（他们能分辨上百种颜色。）distinguish : 普通用词，指辨别者的能力或实际观察到的区别，强调辨别所需的技巧。We can distinguish between gold and silver.（我们能区分金和银。） 5、describe represent sketch picture 这些动词均有“描写、描述”之意。 describe : 侧重指描述细节，给读者或听众提供清晰的视觉图像。 She described in detail their resisting the invaders.（她详细叙述了他们抵抗侵略者的事迹。） represent : 指有代表性或象征性地描述或讲述。 The painting represents the scene of a bumper harvest.（这幅画描绘了丰收的景象。） sketch : 指快速地勾勒或概略地叙述。The historical article sketched the major events of the decade.(这篇有关历史的文章概述了这十年中的重大事