Unit 1 A land of diversity——多元化的社会
重点单词
1．means n。[C］方法；手段(单复数同形)
(1）means作为一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。要注意，means作主语时,前有every，each, one等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数；前有several，some，many, few，all等修饰语时，谓语动词用复数. means n．手段;方法;
mean v．意思是；打算
by all means当然可以，一定，务必by means of 依靠
by no means 绝不,一点也不by this means ＝in this way用这种方法
means of travel /transportation交通方式
【易错提示】
(1)当means作主语且有every, each, one等词修饰时，谓语动
词用单数；有some, several, many, few等词修饰时，谓语动词用
复数。
(2)by no means放到句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。
By no means shall I do it.我绝不会干那事。
Every possible means has been tried, but none worked.
＝All means have been tried, but none worked.
各种办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。
way 多与in连用，构成in..。way
method 多与with连用，构成with.。.method
means 多与by连用，构成by。.。means
approach 多与to连用，构成approach to..。
用means，method, way和approach的适当形式填空。
（1)He thought of an efficient________to the study of English idioms.
（2）He solved the problem by this________。
（3）She tried to find a________to solve the puzzle.
（4)We have no better ideas, so let's try your________.
（5）By no means________such a good opportunity！
A．shall I miss B．I shall miss C．miss I D．I miss
2．majority n. 大多数;大半
点拨：(1）单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。
The majority was/were against the plan. 大多数人反对这个计划.
(2)单独用作主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。
The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students. 昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。
（3)The majority of错误!
The majority of the damage is easy to repair。这次的损失大部分容易补救。
完成句子
(1).__________________(大多数学生觉得) quite hard to live on the amount of money they get。
（2). Eventually he gave in to the wish of the________。
A．most B．majority C．average D．common
(3)。Less than twenty percent of the employees in their company are women. That is to say，women are in the________。
A．majority B．activity C．probability D．minority
3．occur vi. 发现;出现(occurred, occurred）
错误!某人突然想起……
以上结构中主语不能是人,而是想到什么事情或it作形式主语。
①The idea occurred to him in a dream。这个主意是他在梦中想到的.
②It didn’t occur to her to ask for help.她没想到请别人帮忙。
③It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child. 她突然想她可能会收养一个无家可归的孩子。
④Her name just did not occur to my memory。我就是想不起她的名字。
［运用提升］
（1). It suddenly________to me that we could use the computer to do the job。
A．struck B．occurred C．happened D．saw
(2）。-Why are you so late?
-I was in half the way when it________to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.
A．occurred B．hit C．happened D．reminded
（3)。It had never________to him that he might be falling in love with her。
A．taken place B．occurred C．come about D．broken out
重点短语:
1．take in 包括；吸收；理解;欺骗
take in 包括；吸收take after长相或举止像（某个长辈）take apart 拆开；拆散
take as看作,认为take away拿走；使停止，使离开；使消失；减去
take back承认说错了(话），收回(诺言，话语) take down拿下，取下；记下来
take in接待(某人）留宿；欺瞒,欺骗；充分理解，掌握take to喜欢上
take off起飞；请假;开始有成就；开始受欢迎；开始成名take over接管
take on开始雇用；开始具有或呈现……面貌;承担(责任等）
take up开始花时间从事（某项活动)；对……产生兴趣；开始学习(某课程)，选修;占用了（时间或空间）
take a chance 碰碰运气，冒……风险take。..by surprise 奇袭；出其不意做某事，使惊奇(1）These teenagers don't know much of the world yet；that's why they were so easily________。
A．taken in B．taken up C．taken on D．taken off
（2）These teenagers don't know much of the world yet; that’s why they were so easily________。
A．taken in B．taken up C．taken on D．taken off
2．keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep up with 不落后;跟得上keep away （使）远离keep back 隐瞒(某事）；扣，留下
keep down 控制，抑制(某事物) keep on(doing）继续(干) keep out(of）阻止进入；不卷入，避开(1)-How long do you think the terrible snow will________？
—Sorry，I didn't listen to the weather forecast。
A．keep out B．keep on C．keep up D．keep away
（2）You must________a good state of mind.
A．keep up B．take up C．make up D．set up
3．apply for申请；请示得到
错误!
（2)apply oneself to（doing)sth.专注于；专心做某事
①You can't apply for the job until you have satisfied certain conditions。
在符合一定的条件之后你才能申请这一份工作.
②We had to apply to the government for financial help。我们只好向政府申请财务援助.
③What you said doesn't apply to me. 你所说的并不适合我.
④He applied himself to learning English. 他专心学英语。
（1）To travel to the United States，you must first apply________the American Embassy ________ your visa.
A．for；to B．to；for C．for；for D．to；to
（2）．He would like to________the position as a salesman advertised in the newspaper yesterday.
A．wait for B．stand for C．search for D．apply for
4。a great many很多，许多（修饰可数名词）
①t seems that a great /good many of them are out of work now。似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。
②A great many of us don’t like speaking English in class。我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语。
a good/great many后接复数名词，但a good/great many后接of时，必须加限定词,如these/those/the/one's等，
然后再加名词复数.
(1）.________the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.
A．A great many B．The number of C．A great many of D．A great deal of
5。make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
归纳拓展
come to life变得更有趣；变得活跃live/lead a．。.life过着……生活
come back to life苏醒过来,恢复生机bring。。.back to life使……苏醒过来
make/start a new life开始新生活
The match finally came_to_life in the second half。比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。
完成句子
The young men in the rural areas have to leave for big cities to________________（谋生)．
6．mark out划线标出……的界限
There’s a fascinating drive marked out for tou rists。有一种专为旅游者选定的迷人的驾车旅游活动.
A volleyball court had been marked out on the grass。排球场已经在草坪上画出来了。
mark down记下；减价；给低分mark up 涨价；提高分数
mark off 用界限隔开mark..。with 用……在某物上做标记
be marked with 标有……的标志
练习：
（1)We must________the tennis court ready for the match these days.
A．flow out B．come out C．mark out D．point out
(2）A volleyball court had been________________（标出……界线）on the grass.
重点句型:
1．That is why today over 40％of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language。
这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
句中的why引导的为表语从句，注意以下句式区别：
（1)That’s why... 那就是为什么……(why从句表示结果）
(2）That’s because。.. 那是因为……（because从句表示原因）
(3)The reason why。。。is/was that。.。……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because）
①Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill。汤姆开会迟到了，那是他病了。
②Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting. 汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
③The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill. 汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。
[运用提升]
（1)The reason why I didn't go to France was________a new job。
A．because I got B．because of getting C．I got D．that I got
（2)-Have you heard the news that he was admitted into Beijing University?
-Yes，that’s________he worked so hard all the time，so his efforts paid off。
A．why B．because C．how D．what
（3)Is this the reason________she explained in the report for her success in the job？
A．what B．that C．how D．why
2．However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，土著美国人有可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。
【点津】本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。
It is likely that。..……是可能的，此句型可转化为:sb。/sth。be likely to do sth.某人/物可能做某事。
①She’s very likely to ring me tonight.＝It’s very likely that she will ring me tonight.她今晚很可能给我打电话。
②It is likely that the weather will be fine。＝The weather is_likely_to_be_fine。天气可能会很晴朗。possible，probable，likely在搭配上的区别:
①It is possible/probable/likely that 从句
②It is possible for sb。to do sth。
③Sb。/Sth.is likely to do sth。
练习：
(1）Look，dark clouds are gathering。It's ________to rain soon。
A．probable B．possible C．likely D．perhaps
（2）Studies show that people are more________to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A．likely B．possible C．probable D．sure
I。单词拼写
1．It was________（显然的）that the successful launch of ShenzhouⅧdrew the world's attention.
2．The________(大多数）of people interviewed preferred TV to radio。
3．The________(改革) of teaching methods helps to the improvement of teaching quality.
4．As many as 200，000 head of________(牛)are raised in this area，which are likely to lead to the damage of the environment.
5．Many________（申请人)applied for the wellpaid job, but none of them were accepted by the company。
6．A high fever________(表明）that a person’s body is fighting disease。
7．The old man________(滑倒）on the icy road and broke his leg.
8．He is happy that he was________（选举) monitor at the class meeting yesterday。
9．She had looked everywhere for her children but they were________（到处都无) to be found, which made her very worried。
10．What does it cost to________(租) a car for a week?
II.词义辨析
1．Testing is still the usual________by which students' progress is measured.
A．way B．method C．manner D．means
2．As we can see，in the nursing profession, women are in the ________。
A．majority B．nationality C．identity D．possession
3．What________of babies die of this disease in African countries every year？
A．percentage B．amount C．number D．quantity
4．As the wages were low，there were few________for the job。
A．enterprises B．applicants C．purchases D．profits
5．I saw in the paper that another earthquake had________in Sichuan，causing many deaths。
A．slipped B．reacted C．occurred D．occupied
6．The bell________the end of the class rang，interrupting our heated discussion.
A．inserting B．indicating C．governing D．reflecting
7．It was________from her face that she was really upset。Better leave her alone。
A．racial B．abundant C．flexible D．apparent
8．Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it________away?
A．drill B．click C．scan D．slip
9．He earned his living by________himself out to whoever needed his services。
A．dragging B．adapting C．hiring D．banning
10．She________her key into the lock，turned it but the lock wouldn’t open。
A．inserted B．adopting C．stressing D．abusing
1.：（1)approach（2）means（3）way（4)method A [解析］by no means置于句首，句子采用部分
倒装。
2。答案：(1）。The majority of students find it （2）。［答案］B （3)。答案：D in the minority “占少数"。
3。(1）答案:B (2) 答案：A （3）[答案]B [解析]It occurred to sb. that某人突然想起。
重点短语
1。（1）［答案]A （2）答案：A
2.（1）答案:C（2）[答案］A
3. （1）答案：B解析：（2)解析：选D。
4。解析：名词前有the，these，those及my，your等物主代词时，a great many后要加of。答案： C
5. make a life 6。（1）［答案]C [解析]mark out标出……的界限. （2）marked out
重点句型
1。（1）答案:D2）答案：B解析：（3）答案:B 解析：
2. （1）［答案］C ［解析]It's likely to rain很可能要下雨。(2)答案： A
I.单词拼写
1．apparent2。majority 3.reform 4.cattle5。applicants 6．indicates7。slipped8。elected9.nowhere10。
hire
II。词义辨析
1．［答案］D [解析]means 办法。way 方法；method方法;manner 行为，礼貌。by the means 用……办法.
2．［答案]A [解析]in the majority 占大多数。
3．[答案]A [解析］percentage 比例,比率。amount 量；number 数字；quantity 数量。
4．[答案］B ［解析］applicant 申请人。enterprise 事业;purchase 购买;profit 利润。
5．［答案］C ［解析］occur 发生。slip 滑动；react 反应；occupy 占用。
6．［答案］B [解析］indicate 预示着。insert 插入;govern 统治;reflect 反映。
7．[答案］D ［解析］apparent 明显的。racial 种族的；abundant 丰富的；flexible 灵活的。
8．[答案］D ［解析]slip 滑动.drill 操练;click 敲击；scan 扫描。
9．［答案］C [解析]hire 雇用。drag 拖;adapt 使适应；ban 禁止。
10．［答案]A [解析］insert 插入。adopt 采纳,收养;stress 强调;abuse 滥用。
unit1 A land of diversity Ⅰ.阅读理解 A American culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions. The major factors contributing to the making of this flew nation and the forming of a new culture are the hard environment, ethnic diversity (多民族) and plural religion, which is quite different from other nations in the world. What is more, these elements are still influencing the American culture. The early immigrants who were English Puritans settled down in northeast part of America. From 1607 to 1892, frontiers were pushed further west. The frontiersmen looked for a land of rich resources and a land of promise, opportunity and freedom. Actually they looked for a better life. So individualism (个人主义), self-reliance, and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage (遗产) of America. In history, people from different countries in the world rushed to America three times. They brought their own culture to America and later on, different cultures were mixed together. Thus the unique American culture is formed, a common cultural life with commonly shared values. The fundamental American belief in individual freedom and the fight of individuals to practice their own religion is at the center of religious experience in the United States. The great diversity of ethnic backgrounds has produced religious pluralism; almost all of the religions of the world are now practiced in the United States. Nowadays, we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current American society. American family is typically parents and their unmarried children. Middle-aged and elderly people generally do not live with their married children. The people in America have a very strong desire to start a new life in a new place. Quite a number of people change residences every year. The average American moves fourteen times in his lifetime. 语篇解读：这是一篇议论兼说明的文章，向我们说明了美国历史上独特文化形成的原因。 1．We can learn from this article that ________. A．the frontiersmen left important society values for American culture B．the early immigrants brought about the unique American culture C．people in the world once rushed to America because of its unique culture D．the American family members don’t get along well with each other 解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段的叙述尤其是最后一句可知，美国的早期移民为美国文化留下了包括“individualism (个人主义), self-reliance, and equality of opportunity”在内的社会价值观(society values)。故选A。 2．What’s the author’s attitude towards American culture? A．He is critical of it. B．He admires it very much.
选修八 Unit 1 A land of diversity 必备知识·盘点夯基 ,BI BEI ZHI SHI PAN DIAN HANG JI Ⅰ．单词立体巧记 写准记牢语境运用 核心单词1．__means__n．手段；方法 2．__hardship__n．苦难；困苦 3．__occur__v i．发生；出现 4．__reform__v t．& v i．改革；革新 n．改革；改造；改良 5．__hire__v t．& n．租用；雇用 6．__nowhere__ad v．无处；到处都无 7．__luggage__n．行李 8．__grasp__v t．& n．抓住；抓紧；掌握； 领会 9．__conductor__n．(公共汽车的)售票员； 列车长； (乐队)指挥 10．__slip__v i．滑动；滑行；滑跤 n．滑动；滑倒 1．In the meantime, mobile online shopping market was __booming__ (繁荣) in China, with an annual growth rate of 63．5%． 2．Maybe you have been to many countries, but __nowhere__ (无处) else in the world can you find more attractive scenery than in Switzerland． 3．__Despite__ (尽管) his frequent absence, Bruce managed to keep up with his studies． 4．__Grasp__ (抓住) the main idea of the text, and you will be able to answer the question． 5．(2020·新高考卷)You don't need to apologize for a minor slip(滑跤)．
Unit1 A land of diversity 基础落实 Ⅰ.高频单词思忆 1.He has twenty head of (牛) on his farm. 2.He has six pieces of (行李). 3. (显然),she has lost interest in physics. 4.She had the (不同) of being the first woman to swim the Channel. 5.Please (投入) a coin in/into the slot. 6.We’d better h a car for the weekend. 7.Those a who want to get the job are required to present their resume this month. 8.The health a are investigating the problem. 9.Research i that eating habits are changing fast. 10.They failed to g the importance of his words. cattle luggage apparently distinction insert hire applicants authorities indicates grasp Ⅱ.重点短语再现 1. 用……方法；借助…… 2. 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等） 3. 与某人合作或一起工作 4. 包括；吸收 5. 继续存在 6. 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 7. 申请；请示得到 8. 背靠背 9. 划线；标出……界线 10. 许多 Ⅲ.典型句式运用 1.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，土著美国人很可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。
Unit 1 A land of diversity The First Period Warming up 一．Aims: 1. Teaching aims Help the students learn more information about America. Important words: ocean, coast, mountain, range, compare 2. Ability aims Enable the students to know more about Ameri ca and can give some cities’ names 二．Contents Step I Ask the students to talk about the names in groups, and then write down them on the map. Step II Compare answers with other groups Step III Give the correct names to the students. Step IV Tell the students some information about America to improve their interest. And ask some students to say what they know about America. Homework To observe an American map Add:__________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Teaching reflecting: _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity Part 1 Vocabulary study 1.distinction [c/u]~ (between A and B) 差别；区别；对比a clear difference or contrast We need to draw/make a distinction between the two events. The new law makes no distinction between adults and children(= treats them equally) . There is no clear or sharp distinction between the two places. [sing] 特质；特点；不同凡响the quality of being sth that is special have/ earn/ achieve the distinction of doing sth She had the distinction of being the first woman to fly the Atlantic. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc. There was a distinct smell of gas. His voice was quiet but every word was distinct. 截然不同的；有区别的；不同种类的clearly different or of a different kind The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups. 确定无疑的；确实的；确切的definite Being tall gave Tony a distinct advantage. I had the distinct impression I was being watched. distinctive adj. 独特的；特别的；有特色的characteristic clothes with a distinctive style The male bird has distinctive white markings on its head. 2.Majority [sing] ~ (of sb/sth) 大部分；大多数the largest part of a group of people or things The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking . In the nursing profession, women are in a/the majority . [c]（获胜的）票数；多数票the number of votes by which one political party wins an election; the number of votes by which one side in a discussion, etc. wins She was elected by/with a majority of 749. They had a clear/ large majority over their nearest rivals(对手). 3.hardship [c/u] 艰难；困苦；拮据a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not have enough money, food, clothes, etc. People suffered many hardships during that long winter. It was no hardship to walk home on such a lovely evening.
教师学科教案[ 20 – 20 学年度第__学期] 任教学科：_____________ 任教年级：_____________ 任教老师：_____________ xx市实验学校
选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity 闽侯六中——林锦安 Period 1 Reading Teaching goals 1.Enable the students to talk about things about the USA. 2.Help the students learn the huge diversity of races and cultures in America, especially in California. Teaching important and difficult points Learn the huge diversity of races and cultures in California. Teaching methods Fast and careful reading; asking and answering activity; individual, pair or group work. Teaching aids A map, a blackboard and a computer Teaching procedures Step 1 Warming up. 1.Ask the students to describe what they learn about the USA. 2.Group work: look at the map of the USA with your group. Write on the map the names of as many of the following as you can. Compare your names with other groups. Step 2 Pre-reading 1.Ask the students to tell things about California including its location, size, population, economy, history etc. What do you learn about California? 2.Show the students some pictures and encourage students not only to say what each picture is about but how each one relates to California. Step 3 Fast reading 1.Read through the passage and get the main idea. 2.Reading comprehension. Ask the students the following questions: 1)When you look at the title, what so you think of ? A land of differences. California is a land of great differences — differences in climate, in landscape and attitude. 2) Why is the USA called a melting pot? There are many immigrants to the USA and there are many cultures and nationalities. So it is a place in which people, ideas, etc of different kinds gradually get mixed together. 3.Beside each date note down an important event in Californian history.
Book 8 Unit 1 学习笔记 （原创笔记，请同学们在笔记本上抄好笔记，开学检查） 必背句型1： 1.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.(what引导宾语从句， 作介词in的宾语；从句中what充当know的宾语) 类似句型：Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. (从句中what充当call的宾语) 仿写：I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown. 比较：My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live. 2.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(it is likely that…很有可能……；可与句型sb/sth be likely to do…互换) 仿写：It is likely that we will study online at home for one more month.我们很可能得再在家网上学习一个月 → We are likely to study at home for one more month. 3.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. (the first/second/…/last + to do) 类似句型：The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. 仿写：At 50 I was the first woman to travel (travel) alone to the North Pole. 4.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. (That’s why+后接结果，意 为“那就是……的原因，一般前文已经说明原因) 仿写：He is addicted to computer games, and that is why he is left behind others. 他迷恋电脑游戏，这就是他落后于别人的原因。 The reason why he has had such a success is that he never gives up. 他取得如此成功的原因是他从不放弃。 →He never gives up. That is why he has had such a success. →He has had such a success. This is because he never gives up. 5.It was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. (强调句型) 仿写：It is the ability to do the job that matters(重要), not where you come from or what you are. 是你做事的能力才重要，而不是你的来历或身份。 6.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(It is believed/reported/thought/supposed… that… 人们……；据……) 仿写：It is believed that greenhouse gases are the main causes of global warming.人们认为温室气体是全球变暖的主要原因。
第2讲A land of diversity 语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1.掌握名词性从句的结构与功能； 2.能够熟练选用合适的引导词。 一. 概述： 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 二. 分类 （一）主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 引导主语从句的连词有：that, whether, who, whom, what, whatever, whose 1.常规主语从句，既复合句在句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句 (1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. (2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. (3)Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet. (4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. (5)What caused the accident remains is unknown. (6)What we need is time. 注：连词位于句首不能省略 2. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较（为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末） It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 用it 作形式主语的结构: (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是…... It is an honor that ...…非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that ...…是常识
Unit 1 课文重难点解析第1单元A land of diversity课文重难点解析 1． California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population (over 30 million people). 【解析】 population可与big或large搭配，表示人口多；与small搭配，表示人口少，但不能与many, a lot of, few, little搭配。例如： The country he lives in has a large / small population. 他居住的这个国家人口众多/稀少。 【拓展】 （1）要对人口提问时，用what或how large。例如： What is the population of the village? 这个村庄的人口是多少？ （2） population可与a 连用，构成“主语 + has a population of + 数词”的句式，表示某地有多少人口。例如： The town where his father once lived has a population of thirty thousand now. 他父亲曾经居住过的这座小城现在有3万人口。 2． In addition, many died from the diseases... 【解析】（1） in addition另外，此外；in addition to 除……之外。例如： In addition to gene, intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a decent home environment. 除了遗传基因外,智力的高低还取决于良好的营养,良好的教育和良好的家庭环境。 【拓展】① add to 增加。② add...to...加，往……添加……。③ add up合计，加起来。④ add up to总共有，总计达。 （2） die from主要指死于除年老、饥饿、寒冷外的其他外因。die of 一般多指死于疾病、年老、饥饿、寒冷等内因。die of还表示死于某种情感因素，如悲哀、失望等，这时不用die from。在指死于某种疾病时die from与die of 可以互换。die for通常指为某个目标、事业而死。 3． Spanish soldiers first arrived in... when they fought against... 【解析】 fight against 为反对……而斗争。例如： The workers were fighting against the manager of the factory. 工人们在与工厂的经理做斗争。 【辨析】 fight against, fight for, fight with， fight about （1） fight against接事物名词，意为“为反对……而斗争”。接人或国家名词，意思是“与……战斗”。（2） fight for意为“为……而战;为争取……而战”。（3） fight with 意为“与……（并肩）战斗”或“与……战斗”（=fight against）（4） fight about 意为“为……而打架/争论”。 4． Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men...
点击名词性从句的用法 1. 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在复合句中起名词的作用，这四种从句统称为名词性从句。在复合句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句，由that, which, when, where, how, why 及whether 等引导的单个名词性从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：That they are doctors is true. 千真万确，他们是医生。 When we will go there hasn’t been decided. 我们什么时候去那里还没有定下来。 2. 由what 引导的名词性从句作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式；如果表语是复数，谓语动词也可用复数。如： What the students need are good books. 学生们需要的是好书。 What the workers need is water. 工人们需要的是水。 3. 由and 连接的多个名词性从句作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。如：Why he left and what he had done were not important. 他为什么离开及他做过什么都不重要。 What I have said and (what I have) done are none of your business. 我说过什么、做过什么与你无关。 4. that引导单个宾语从句时常可省略，但下列情况一般不能省略：1）引导主语从句；2）引导表语从句；3）引导两个或两个以上的宾语从句；4）有it作形式宾语；5）宾语从句提前；6）作介词except, but, besides, in 等的宾语；7）作短语动词的宾语；8）前面有插入语；9）作直接宾语等。如：
Book 8 Unit 1 A Land of Diversity 【重点词汇】 1. distinction n .区别/差别卓越/卓著 make a distinction /no distinction between A and B有区别/没有区别 ▲ The new law makes no distinction between adults and children Employers should hire men and women without distinction 无差别地/一视同仁地/一律地 He passed the exam with distinction 优异地/显著地 ▲distinct . adj 明显的/清楚的/有区别的be distinct from…in… =be different from…in… There was a distinct smell of gas That is a distinct advantage ▲distinguish v. 区分/辨别distinguish A from/and B distinguish right from wrong ▲distinguished adj尊贵的/卓越的/杰出的be distinguished for/as: be famous for/as 2. live on 继续活着/继续存在live on sth以某物…为生/ 靠某物生活 e.g. Lu Xun is dead but his writing lives on. She lived on for many years after her husband died. Small birds live mainly on insects. You can’t live on forty pounds a week. 【拓展】 feed on 以…为主食/靠吃…生活 live with sb/sth接受或容忍某现象/和…生The brave girl is learning to live with her disability live up to 实践（原则，誓言等）, 不辜负(他人的愿望),达到,符合 live through 经历…而活过来
人教版高中英语选修8Unit1《ALandofDiversity》word导 学案 Unit1 A Land of Diversity导学案 第二课时 知识梳理 I. Words 1.课本原句：California is the third largest state in the USA but has the___________________（最 多的人口）. population n.人口 ①形容人口数的多少，通常用large, small, huge, high等。 ②询问某地的人口数，通常用疑问词how large 或what。How large/ What the population of this city? ③表示某地拥有多少人口，通常用have a population of+基数词。It has a population of 5 million. ④表示某一国家或地区的所有人，谓语用单数；表示某一国家或地区的部分人，谓语用复数。 The population of the city is very large. 这个城市人口很多。 One third of population here___________ farmers. 这里三分之一的人口是农民。 2.课本原句：However, some_______________________(经历这些恐怖时期而活下来了), and today there are more Native Americans _______________(居住)California than in any other state. survive vi. 幸免; 幸存; 生还 vt. ①________________ ②________________________ She survived her husband by ten years. survival n. 幸存；残存；生存生还者，幸存者；残存物n.__________ 3.课本原句：Of the first Spanish
Unit 1 A land of diversity——多元化的社会 重点单词 1．means n. [C]方法；手段(单复数同形) (1)means作为一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。要注意，means作主语时，前有every, each, one等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数；前有several, some, many, few, all等修饰语时，谓语动词用复数。means n．手段；方法； mean v．意思是；打算 by all means当然可以，一定，务必by means of 依靠 by no means 绝不，一点也不by this means ＝in this way用这种方法 means of travel /transportation交通方式 【易错提示】 (1)当means作主语且有every, each, one等词修饰时，谓语动 词用单数；有some, several, many, few等词修饰时，谓语动词用 复数。 (2)by no means放到句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。 By no means shall I do it.我绝不会干那事。 Every possible means has been tried, but none worked. ＝All means have been tried, but none worked. 各种办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。 way 多与in连用，构成in...way method 多与with连用，构成with...method means 多与by连用，构成by...means approach 多与to连用，构成approach to... 用means, method, way和approach的适当形式填空。 (1)He thought of an efficient________to the study of English idioms. (2)He solved the problem by this________. (3)She tried to find a________to solve the puzzle. (4)We have no better ideas, so let's try your________. (5)By no means________such a good opportunity! A．shall I miss B．I shall miss C．miss I D．I miss 2．majority n. 大多数；大半 点拨：(1)单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。 The majority was/were against the plan. 大多数人反对这个计划。 (2)单独用作主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。