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动词不定式被动语态形式

动词不定式被动语态形式
动词不定式被动语态形式

动词不定式被动语态形式

[江西省高考对不定式的考查]

1.【2010卷】There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.

A. to discover

B. to be discovered

C. discovered

D. being discovered

2.【2007卷】When asked why he went there, he sais he was sent there ___ for a spaceflight

A. training

B. being trained

C. to have trained

D. to be trained

3.【2006卷】It took a long time for the connection between the body temperature and illness__

A. to make

B. to be made

C. making

D. being made

不定式的被动式的基础知识:

动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。

It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.

She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.

不定式作定语与被修饰词是主谓、动宾、同位等逻辑关系时,多用其主动式。

例如:I have got a letter to write.

注意:如果动作的执行者在主语或宾语中没有出现,应用不定式的被动式。

例如:I'm going to the post office. Do you have any letters to be posted?

修饰作表语或宾补的形容词的不定式,常用主动式表示被动含义。

例如:I don't think English is hard to learn.

当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的执行者,即是一种主动关系时,不定式用主动形式。

不定式虽然与所说明的人或物是动宾关系,但仍用主动形式。这种不定式主动形式表示被动意义的情况主要有下列几种:

一、当不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系,又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,该不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。例如:

I have a meeting to attend.。(to attend与I有主谓关系)

Give him some books to read. (to read与him有主谓关系)

如果不属于上述情况,则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句:

1. Have you anything to do this afternoon?

2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ?

二、不定式在"There be..."句型中用作定语修饰主语而表示被动意义时,可用主动形式,也可用被动形式。在口语中多用主动形式。

例如:There is no time to lost (to be lost).

There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).

注意以下两点:

(1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语,那么用主动形式或被动形式则须视sb. 是其动作的发出者或承受者而定。例如:

There are still many questions for us to discuss.

There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.

(2)某些动词(do, see)的不定式特殊用法时,两种形式所表示的意思不同。比较:

There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)

There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)

There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.)

There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.)

三、不定式作表语形容词的状语,又与句中的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系,用该不定式的主动形式表示被动意义有三种情况:

(1)形容词说明不定式所表示的动作特征。这类形容词有difficult, hard, easy, funny, important, impossible, strange等。

例:Mary is easy to teach. He is hard to convince. The book is difficult to read.

(2)形容词说明主语的特征,不定式则表示在哪一方面有这一特征。

例:Not all the food is good to eat. The park is very attractive to look at.

(3)形容词说明主语的特征,不定式表示由此而引起的结果。这类形容词通常和enough 或too连用。不定式可用主动形式,也可用被动形式。

例:His suitcase is too heavy to carry. (to be carried) Atoms are too small to see. (to be seen) This dictionary is cheap enough to buy. (to be bought)

四、不定式结构修饰作表语的名词时,如果不定式与这个名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,则不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。

例:This is an easy question to answer. It is an important work for us to do.

This is a difficult sentence to understand.

五、少数动词不定式在句中作表语时,虽与句中主语有逻辑上的动宾关系,但常用主动形式表示被动意义。但这类句子并不多见,这种不定式结构是"古英语的残余"。这类动词有blame, let等。

例:The house is to rent. Nobody was to blame for the accident.

但是,具有对比意义时,仍用被动形式。例如:

The room is to be rented, not to be sold.。She is to be praised, not to be blamed.

【练习】

1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____ whether they will enjoy it.

A. to see

B. to be seen

C. seeing

D. seen

2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off.

A. to tell

B. to be told

C. telling

D. told

3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____ everything.

A. to tell

B. to be told

C. to be telling

D. to have been told

4. Little Tom should love____ to the theater this evening.

A. to be taken

B. to take

C. being taken

D. taking

5. It is said that plastics can be used to____ many things. Now people are used to____ plastics products.

A. make; using

B. making; using

C. making; use

D. make; use

6. With a lot of problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled

B. settling

C. to settle

D. being settled

7. He___ and was made to repeat it.

A. didn’t understand

B. didn’t be understood

C. wasn’t understand

D. wasn’t understood

8. The pupils here____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.

A. kept busy doing

B. keep on doing

C. have kept busy doing

D. have been kept busy doing

9. In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.

A. is serving

B. is served

C. serves

D. served

动词不定式用法归纳

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动词不定式被动语态讲解

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无被动语态的动词

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动词不定式的形式

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非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形

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没有被动语态的动词

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不能用于进行时态和被动语态的动词

1. belong to属于…… Our success belongs to all the people present. 我们的成功属于在座的每一个人。 2. stand, lie等静态动词 这些动词表某物位于某处。 There stands a high building over there. 那边矗立着一座高高的楼房。 3. taste, feel, look, smell, sound 等感官动词 This kind of food tastes good. 这种食物尝起来味道很好。Ice always feels cold to us. 对我们来说冰摸起来总是冷的。 4. stay, keep, remain等动词 The weather has stayed hot recently.最近天气一直很热。 After his election to a high office, he remained modest. 在被选为高级领导干部之后他仍然谦虚。 5. sell well( 畅销), last well(持久), wash well(耐洗), write well(写起来流畅)等动副搭配 This kind of flower sells well. 这种花很畅销。 The pens produced in this factory write well .这家工厂生产的钢笔写起来流畅。 6. wash easily(易洗), break easily(易折), write smoothly(写起来流畅), light easily(易燃)等动副搭配 This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布容易洗。

(完整word版)动词不定式用法

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名词用法的不定式和名词一样,可担任句子的主语。 To grow more trees here is very important. (=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。 To hear your voice is so nice. (=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。 To speak English well is not easy for me. (=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。 To walk to school takes me twenty minutes. (=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。 注意:在It is… to…”的句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式;使用这种结构,可以避免句子的头重脚轻。通常不定式被视为第三人称单数,所以动词用is或was。 It is bad for your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。 另外,不定式作主语的句子,同时有另外一个不定式作表语时,不能转换成“It is… to…”的句型。 To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见。) 不能转换为:It is to believe to see. 2.作表语

英语中不能用于被动语态的动词都有哪些

1.need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得),not bear(经不住) +doing主动表被动。 Eg. The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。 2. 不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。 (与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系) Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。 (与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系) He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。 (与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系) 3. 不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如 difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient(便利的,方便的), hard, cheap, expensive, 等,不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。 4. 在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责? You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。 The house is to let. 此房出租。 A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。 5. 系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。 常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等, 例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。 6. 一些与can''t或won''t连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动。 例如: The door won''t open.这门打不开。 It can''t move.它不能动。

详解动词不定式的五种

详解动词不定式的五种“式” 不定式根据其发生的时间不同以及所处的状语的不同,可以有一般式、完成式、进行式、完成进行式,同时根据它与逻辑主语的关系的不同,可以有主动式和被动式。如下表: 一、不定式一般式的用法 1. 表示未发生的动作 即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。如: I expect him to arrive tomorrow. 我预计他明天到达。 I hope to catch an early train. 我希望赶上早班火车。 The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 医生建议我完全休息。 2. 表示同时发生的动作 即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。如: Who heard him say that? 是谁听到他这样说的?(say与heard几乎同时发生) I?m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我很难过。(to hear 略先于am sorry) 3. 表示一般情况 即看不出动作的先后关系,而是表示一种情况或现象。如: Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要爱好。 None of her many lovers seemed to want to marry her. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。 二、不定式进行式的用法 1. 表示同时进行

即表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。如: He seems to be following us. 他似乎在跟着我们。 He pretended to be looking for a book. 他假装在找书。 I happened to be looking out of the window when they arrived. 他们到达时我碰巧正向窗外望去。 2. 表示将来 正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样,不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。如:You are lucky to be going by air. 你挺幸运的,能乘飞机走。 He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高兴。 I happened to be going that way. 我恰好也是到那里去。 I promised to be waiting at the door when he came out. 我答应在门口一直 等到他出来。 3. 表示一般情况 即看不出动作的先后关系,而是表示一种情况或现象。如: I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot. 我发现他似乎烟瘾很大。 Just to be doing something was a help. 做点事是有益处的。 You are too young to be meeting young men. 你太小,不能交男朋友。 三、不定式完成式的用法 1. 表示比谓语动作更早的动作 即不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如: I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了。 They are said to have left London. 据说他们已经离开伦敦。 I happened to have driven that kind of car before. 碰巧我过去曾开过那种汽车。 I?m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 对不起给了你这么多麻烦。 2. 表示比某特定时间更早的动作 即表示在某个特定的时间之前已完成的动作。如: I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望现在以前已完成这项工作。

动词被动语态经典

动词被动语态经典 一、动词被动语态 1.Mr.Green _____ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】主语Mr.Green是动词invite的承受者,结合sang可知表达的是过去的事情用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词,主语Mr.Green故was,故答案是A. 2.Basketball ____ by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith. A. is invented B. was invented C. invented D. invents 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:篮球是一位叫James Naismith的加拿大医生发明的。主语是动作的执行者,用主动语态,主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态。本句中,主语basketball是谓语动词invent的承受者,用被动语态;发明篮球是过去发生的动作,用一般过去时态,故选B。 3.You throw it away. It can . A. needn't; recycle B. needn't; be recycled C. don't need; be recycled 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:你没有必要把它扔掉。它可以被回收利用。need的否定形式是needn't,不必,后跟动词原形;recycle,回收利用,和主语it之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态,can 是情态动词,含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done,故选B。 【点评】此题考查情态动词need和含有情态动词的被动结构。 4.----Don't smoke here, Dad. Smoking _____ in public places. ----Oh, sorry. I'll stop right now. A. isn't allowed B. aren't allowed C. doesn't allow 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:----不要在这儿吸烟,爸爸。在公共场所不允许吸烟。----哦,对不起,我马上停止。“不允许吸烟”,吸烟smoking在句中作主语,用被动语态。动名词短语smoking作主语,谓语用三人称单数.故选A

英语动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式

英语动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的对象,即是一种动宾关系时,不定式用被动形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的执行者,即是一种主动关系时,不定式用主动形式。 在某些情况下,不定式虽然与所说明的人或物是动宾关系,但仍用主动形式。这种不定式主动形式表示被动意义的情况主要有下列几种: 一、当不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系,又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,该不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。例如: I have a meeting to attend. 我有个会议要参加。(to attend与I有主谓关系) Give him some books to read. 给他一些书看。(to read与him有主谓关系) 如果不属于上述情况,则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句: 1. Have you anything to do this afternoon? 你今天下午有事要做吗? 2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ? 你有什么东西要带到城里去吗? 句1中主语you与不定式to do存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,to do实际上指的是you的动作,所以用主动形式表示被动意义;而句2中主语you与不定式to take不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式所指的并非是you的动作,所以仍要用被动形式to be taken表示被动意义。 二、当不定式在"There be..."句型中用作定语修饰主语而表示被动意义时,一般情况下,既可以用主动形式,也可以用被动形式。在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。例如: There is no time to lost (to be lost). 时间紧迫,不能耽误了。 There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of). 还有好多事要处理。 但是应该注意以下两点: (1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语,那么用主动形式或被动形式则须视sb. 是其动作的发出者或承受者而定。例如: There are still many questions for us to discuss. 我们还有许多问题要讨论。

动词不定式主动表被动用法归纳

动词不定式有两种被动式, 即一般式和完成式, 例如do的被动式有to be done, to have been done。只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。一般说来, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时, 该不定式要用被动式。例如: He asked to be sent to work in that factory. 他要求派他去那个工厂工作。 These books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 这些书不许带出室外。 但在某些情况下, 不定式虽然表示被动意思, 用的却是主动形式。常见的有下列几种情况: 一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1)have(give, show)sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗? (to do是由you发出的) Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? (谁带不得而知)再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。 He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。 2)It(This, That)+be+a/an+adj. +n. +to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为for me to answer。再如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。 3)There +be +n. +to do 在此句型中, 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式, 也可用被动式, 只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。例如: 没有时间可以耽误。可译成: There is no time to lose(to be lost). 用to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost, 谁lost time 不明确。 但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同: a. There is nothing to do now. (=We have nothing to do now. )现在没事干。 b. There is nothing to be done. (=We can do nothing now. )现在没办法了。 a. There is nothing to see. (nothing worth seeing)没有东西值得看。 b. There is nothing to be seen. (nothing there at all)看不见什么东西。 二、在某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。其句型有: 1)n. +be+adj. +to do The question was very difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 The job is very easy to do. 这工作很容易做。 2)n. +be+too+adj. +to do

不能用于被动语态的动词

英语中不能用于被动语态的动词都有哪些? 最佳答案 你就记住一些动词应用中只能用主动表示被动。 1、Need, want, require, be worth后面接doing主动表被动。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。 2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系) Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系) 3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词+ 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如:difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient(便利的,方便的), hard, cheap, expensive等,不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责? You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。 The house is to let.此房出租。 A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。 5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste, sound , prove, feel, look,smell等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。 6、一些与can't或won't连用的动词。常用的有: lock, shut , open, act, write,cut,wear等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动。例如 The door won't open.这门打不开。It can't move.它不能动。 7、一些动词如sell , wash, clean, burn, cook等与副词如well, easily, perfectly 等连用,描绘事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如: The book sells well.这种书很畅销。These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。 8、主语much, a great deal, little, what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动。 What is to do? 做什么?Much is to do. 太多要做的事。 9、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。 There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。 I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。

无被动语态的动词及短语

无被动语态的动词及短语 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词):appear, die(死亡),disappear(消失), end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语: fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 3) 系动词无被动语态: appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等 It sounds good. 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态: die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night. 5) 当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her.

动词不定式的被动语态

动词不定式的被动语态 一、复习各种时态的被动语态 ★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done 以 the book , publish 为例: 一般现在/过去时: The book_______________________________. 一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________________. The book __________________________________. 现在/过去进行时:The book ___________________________________. 现在/过去完成时:The book _____________________________________. 情态动词: The book _____________________________________. 二:动词不定式的被动语态 1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式: 1)一般式(not/never )to be done 2)完成式 (not/ never)to have been done (表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前) 2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1)做主语(常用it做形式主语) To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous. (或者:____________________________________________________) 被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式,是一大荣幸。 __________________________________________________________________ 2)做表语 The party is to be held next Saturday evening. 明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。 _________________________________________________________________ 3)做宾语 She didn’t like to be treated as a child. He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father.. 这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。 __________________________________________________________________ 4)做宾语补足语 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed. 这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。 _________________________________________________________________ 5)做定语 What a victory to be envied by those women! 英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。 __________________________________________________________________

不及物动词没有被动语态

不及物动词没有被动语态 1. feel类(V+ N. + adj.) 这类动词作系动词的用法时,后面常接形容词或名词,有的后面可接to be,亦可省去。这样的动词有:appear, prove, seem, turn, sound, look, feel, taste, smell, remain等。例如: He proves (to be) honest/(to be)an honest man. —Haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine. — Thanks. You look well. (NMET 1994) I love to go to the seaside in summer. It feels good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. (NMET 1996) She looks familiar to me, but I don't remember her name. (NMET 1999) 2. read类(V +adj.) 此类动词的主动形式表被动意义,这样的动词有:sell, wash, read , rent, lock, tear, work out, act, break, carry, cook, count, cut, iron, clean, draw, keep, open, wear 等。例如: This sort of cloth washes well. This kind of cloth wears well. Your pen writes smoothly. Your speech reads well. Books of this kind sell well. (上海高考1999) 3. surprise类(V + O) 这类动词本身含有“使…”的意思,这样的动词有:seat, engage , amuse , surprise , becalm , belittle , delight , enable , enrich , remind, remove, strengthen, lengthen, deafen, darken, harden, sadden, worsen, whiten, simplify, solidify等。例如:The kind of medicine has becalmed the patient. Your visit last week delighted him. That story reminded me of an experience I had long ago. We have to take some measures to purify the air in this area.

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