动词的时态和语态
时态
一般现在时
(1)可表示客观真理、科学事实。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。
(2)可用在由if，unless引导的条件状语从句，由even/if/though引导的让步状语从句，由when，before，until/till，as soon as，the moment引导的时间状语从句，由no matter what/who/when/where/how或whatever，whoever等引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表将来或主句是祈使句。
I’ll go with you as soon as I finish it.
我一做完，就与你一同去。
Whatever you say，I will not change my mind.
无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。
一般过去时
表示“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。
—Your phone number again？I didn’t quite catch it.
——再重述一下你的电话码好吗？我没记下来。
—It’s 9568686.
——是9568686。
一般将来时
(1)“will＋动词原形”表示事物的固有属性与必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。
(2)“be going to＋动词原形”可表示根据迹象对未来进行推断。
Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.
看那乌云，要下雨了。
(3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示立即的将来，很少与时间状语连用。
The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
(4)位移动词如e，go，arrive等，其一般现在时表按时间表将要发生的事，现在进行时可表计划、安排要做的事。
I arrive in Beijing at 3∶00 p．m.tomorrow.
明天下午三点我会到达北京。
He is ing.他将要来。
They are leaving for Tibet.他们将要去西藏。
(5)be to ＋动词原形
①表示计划，安排。
When are you to leave for New York?
你计划什么时候去纽约？
②表示指令，相当于should。
You are to report it to the police.
你应该把这事报告给警察。
③表示“打算，想要”。
If we are to be there before ten，we’ll have to go now.
若我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。
现在/过去进行时
(1)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。
I first met Lisa three years ago，she was working at a shop then.
我第一次遇见莉莎是在3年前，那时她正在一家商店工作。
—Hey，look where you are going!
——嘿，看看你往哪儿走！
—Oh，I’m terribly sorry.I wasn’t noticing.
——噢！非常抱歉！我没注意。
(2)表示反复出现的或习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情感，常与always，continually，constantly连用。
He is always thinking of others first.(表赞赏)
他总是先为别人着想。
He is always making the same mistake. (表厌烦)
他总是犯同样的错误。
(3)表示动作的未完性、暂时性。
I don’t really work here；I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不是在此工作，
我只是在帮忙，新秘书来了我就走。(暂时性)
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.选手机供个人使用不是一件容易事因为技术变化太快。(“变化”尚未完成)
(4)表示按计划、安排要做的事。
I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida.I am taking my mum.
我获得了一次去佛罗里达度两天假的机会。我计划带着我妈妈去。(计划)
(5)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。
—Is this raincoat yours？——这是你的雨衣吗？
—No，mine is hanging there behind the door.
——不是，我的在门后挂着呢。
现在完成时
(1)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
除非我亲眼看到，我是不会相信你的。
Please don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
车未停，请不要下车。
(2)It/This is/will be the first(last，second，third...)time that...和It/This is the best(worst，most interesting)＋n.＋that...结构的从句要求用现在完成时。
This is the first time that I’ve heard her sing.
这是我第一次听她唱歌。
It’s the best film I’ve ever seen.
这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。
过去完成时
(1)Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had...done...when；No sooner had...done...than...中从句用一般过去时。
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
我刚到家，天就下起了倾盆大雨。
No sooner had we started than the car got a flat tyre.
我们刚出发，轮胎就爆了。
(2)表示愿望、打算类的词，如hope，expect，mean，intend，want，think等，用过去完成时
表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment.
我本打算帮助你，但当时我太忙了。
现在完成进行时
(1)表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。
I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t e.
我已等了一个小时，但她还没有来。
(2)表示动作刚刚结束(有时指出结果)。
My clothes are wet.I’ve been walking in the rain.
我的衣服湿了，我一直走在雨中。
(3)表示重复(指断断续续，而非一直不停)。
She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.
两个星期以来她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。
语态
被动语态使用要点
不及物动词不能用于被动语态
如appear，rise，die，happen，belong to，break out，take place等。
Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误)
Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (正)
我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。
表示状态的动词不用于被动语态
如lack，fit，mean，hold，have，cost，contain，bee，last，possess，consist of，look like等。The book costs 10 yuan.这本书花了10元钱。
What’s bee of her？她怎么了？
主动形式表被动的几种情况
(1)某些感官动词和系动词后加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。
The flower smells sweet.花闻起来很香。
The dish tastes delicious.菜吃起来非常可口。
(2)在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义，这些词后常有副词修饰。
常用的这类动词有
sell，read，write，wear，wash，open，clean，cook，keep，cut，fill，blow，measure，lock，run，record，begin，shut等。
This type of recorder sells well.
这种型的录音机销路很好。
He doesn’t photograph well.他不太上相。
This kind of shirt cleans easily.这种衬衫容易洗干净。
(3)动名词主动形式表示被动意义
通常是事物(也可以是人)作want，need, require，deserve等动词的主语时，表示事物(或人)客观上“需要……”，用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。若动名词是不及物的，后面还应有相应的介词。
The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。
这种用法还可把动名词改为动词不定式的被动形式来表被动。
The children need to be looked after.
(4)在作表语的某些形容词(easy，difficult，light，heavy，fit，good，safe，fortable，dangerous，pleasant等)后作状语用的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
She is easy to approach.她平易近人。
The rock is hard to break.这块岩石很难打碎。
不定式符to在被动语态中不可省略
在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不用to，但在被动语态中要带to。
I saw her pass by the window.我看见她从窗边经过。
She was seen to pass by the window.她被看见从窗边经过。
get (got)＋过去分词也可构成被动语态
get常同marry，beat，break，damage，tear，strike，hurt，paint，invite，repair，dress等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态。
John and Jane got married last month.
上个月，约翰和简结婚了。
They got caught in the storm.他们碰上暴风雨了。
1. (2009年安徽卷)Daniel’s family________their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
A．are enjoying B．are to enjoy
C．will enjoy D．will be enjoying
【解析】句意为：丹尼尔一家人下个星期的这个时候肯定正在黄山度假。根据this time next week判断，选用将来进行时will be doing。
【答案】 D
2. (2009年辽宁卷)My parents have promised to e to see me before I________for Africa. A．have left B．leave
C．left D．will leave
【解析】句意为：我父母已经答应在我去非洲之前来看我。不定式to e to see me表示的是将来动作，before引导的时间状语从句需用一般现在时。
【答案】 B
3．(2009年上海卷)During the period of recent terrorist activities，people________not to touch any unattended bag.
A．had always been warned
B．were always being warned
C．are always warning
D．always warned
【解析】句意为：在最近恐怖活动期间，人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包。be always doing sth.总是做某事，表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪。人们是“被警告”，要用被动语态。
【答案】 B
4．(2009年山东卷)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________rising steadily since 1997.
A．is B．are
C．has been D．have been
【解析】句意为：在中国上大学的外国留学生的数量自1997年以来稳步上升。“the number of＋n.”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。【答案】 C
5. (2009年江苏卷)—Ann is in hospital.
—Oh，really？I________know.I________go and visit her.
A．didn’t；am going to B．don’t；would
C．don’t；will D．didn’t；will
【解析】句意为：——Ann在住院。——哦，真的吗？我还不知道呢。我要去看望她。这里讲的I didn’t know指的是在对方还没告知Ann在住院这件事之前，我不知道，所以用一般过去时；第二个空用will指的是事先未经计划或安排的“意愿，打算”。
【答案】 D
6. (2009年江苏卷)—Hi，Torry，can I use your puter for a while this afternoon?
—Sorry.________.
A．It’s repaired
B．It has been repaired
C．It’s being repaired
D．It had been repaired
【解析】句意为：——嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一会儿你的电脑吗？——真抱歉，电脑正在修理。该句强调的是此时电脑正被维修，需用现在进行时的被动语态。
【答案】 C
7．(2009年浙江卷)—What do you think of the movie?
—It’s fantastic.The only pity is that I________the beginning of it.
A．missed B．had missed
C．miss D．would miss
【解析】句意为：——你觉得这部电影怎么样？——太棒了。唯一可惜的是，我错过了开头部分。错过开头部分对于现在而言是发生在过去的事情，故选A。
【答案】 A
8. (2009年全国卷Ⅰ)His sister left home in 1998，and________since.
A．had not been heard of
B．has not been heard of
C．had not heard of
D．has not heard of
【解析】句意为：他妹妹在1998年离开家，从那以后就没了音讯。根据句意，指的是过去离开以后，到现在一直没音讯，故用现在完成时；hear of与his sister在本句中为被动关系，故用被动语态，所以选B。
9. (2009年福建卷)According to the literary review，Shakespeare________his characters live through their language in his plays.
A．will make B．had made
C．was making D．makes
【解析】句意为：这篇文学评论说，莎士比亚使他剧中的人物通过语言鲜活起来。本句考查时态，当介绍一种理论时，常用一般现在时。
【答案】 D
10．(2009年辽宁卷)Excuse me，Marcia，a reporter from Vanity Fair________all day.Could you speak to her now?
A．phones B．has phoned
C．has been phoning D．phoned
【解析】句意为：打扰了，Marcia，一名Vanity Fair的记者打了一整天的电话。你现在可以接她的电话吗？根据句意和时间状语all day可知，此句需用现在完成进行时表示说话人的一种情感，如：不满，抱怨，责备等。注意，现在完成时表示到目前为止动作可能已经结束，侧重对现在产生的影响或结果。
【答案】 C
1．(2010届浙江嘉兴一中摸底测验)—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? —Terry？Never！She________tents and fresh air!
A．has hated B．hated
C．will hate D．hates
【解析】结合题意可知此处应用一般现在时表示她的习惯，她讨厌帐篷和新鲜的空气。【答案】 D
2．(2010届安徽芜湖一中一模)—Got your driving license?
—No.I________too busy to have enough practice，so I didn’t take the driving test last week. A．was B．am
C．have been D．had been
【解析】考查时态。根据句中so I didn’t take the driving test last week可知说话人过去一直很忙而没有进行足够的练习，以至于没有参加上周的驾照考试。发生在过去的动作“take”之前，因此应该用过去完成时。
3．(2010届成都玉林中学月考)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he________from the university next year.
A．will graduate B．will have graduated
C．graduates D．is to graduate
【解析】考查时态。by the time引导的是时间状语从句，而本句的主句是将来时，所以从句用一般现在时表示将来。
【答案】 C
4．(2010届甘肃天水一中段考)I________in London for many years，but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A．lived B．have lived
C．had lived D．was living
【解析】“我在伦敦生活了很多年”只是对过去的一般叙述，过去的动作并没有对现在造成影响，故用一般过去时。
【答案】 A
5．(2010届苏州调研)—What’s your opinion about my suggestion?
—Sorry，I________.Would you please say it again?
A．hadn’t listened B．wouldn’t listen
C．wasn’t listening D．didn’t listen
【解析】考查时态。从本题的语境来看，说话人刚才没有在听对方的建议，因此，使用过去进行时，表示“听”的动作刚才没有在发生。
【答案】 C
6．(2010届合肥检测)Although many measures________，the world’s economy is still going down.
A．were taken B．have been taken
C．will be taken D．are taken
【解析】考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，所以用现在完成时；take与measures之间构成动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。
【答案】 B
7. (2010届福建检测)Since the beginning of the vacation，I______across the country，and my next
stop is the Wuyi Mountains.
A．had traveled B．will travel
C．have been traveling D．was traveling
【解析】考查动词的时态。该题的时间状语为since＋过去的时间点，结合后面的“my next stop is the Wuyi Mountai ns”可以看出这里应该用现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去。
【答案】 C
8．(2010年东城检测)Right now the government is trying to control the number of people who________by H1N1 flu.
A．have been affected B．have affected
C．are affected D．affect
【解析】考查动词的时态语态。句意为：政府正在试图控制感染H1N1流感的人的数量。人们被感染流感，用sb.be affected by sth.结构，这里说的是现在的一般情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
【答案】 C
9．(2010年长春第一次调研)—I saw Lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.
—Impossible.She________the Internet with me in my home then.
A．surfed B．had surfed
C．would surf D．was surfing
【解析】考查时态。根据对话内容可知，昨天晚上九点时Lucy正在和我一起上，因此用过去进行时。
【答案】 D
10．(2010年上海春招)The employees________that they should renew their contracts within a week.
A．advise B．have advised
C．are advised D．had been advised
【解析】考查动词的语态。语意：(公司)建议员工在一周内续签合同。根据语意，The employees与advise为动宾关系，所以应该用被动结构，故选C项。
【答案】 C
11．(2010届抚顺一中第一次同步考试)With the help of high technologh，more and more new substances________in the past years.
A．discovered
B．have discovered
C．had been discovered
D．have been discovered
【解析】考查时态和语态。由句中的时间状语in the past years可知，这里应用现在完成时；句子的主语new substances与discover之间为动宾关系，故选D项。
【答案】 D
12．(2010届成都联考)—Look！Everything here is under construction.
—What’s the pretty small house that________for?
A．is being built B．has been built
C．is built D．is building
【解析】考查时态和语态。语意表明从句中用现在进行时，名词house是动词build的承受者，所以谓语用现在进行时的被动语态。第二句语意为：正在修建的那座漂亮的小房子是用来做什么的？
【答案】 A
13．(2010届江西高安中学月考)—Did you have any trouble finding your way in Shanghai? —Yes，I tried to find my way to the airport but________.
A．has been lost B．get lost
C．lost D．got lost
【解析】前面的问句以及tried暗示时态应为一般过去时，因此选got lost。
【答案】 D
14．(2010届皖南八校联考)We’ve been told the good news，but when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation________yet.
A．are not discussed
B．have not been discussed
C．is not being discussed
D．has not been discussed
【解析】后一分句的主语为when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation，表示的是一
件事，谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除A、B两项。根据句末的yet可知应该用完成时，即这件事还没有被讨论。
【答案】 D
15．(2010年西安质量检测)We haven’t moved into the new office building—it________right now.
A．is decorating B．has been decorated
C．is being decorated D．has been decorating
【解析】考查动词时态、语态。根据题干中前面一句话的时态及后一句话中的时间状语right now可知，应用现在进行时；又依据语意可知，房子正在(被)装修，因此选C。
【答案】 C
1．(2011·东北三省四市联考)—What’s that terrible noise，David?
—Oh，I forgot to tell you.The new machines in the nearby plant________.
A．were tested B．will be tested
C．are being tested D．have been tested
解析：考查动词的时态。根据问句中的What’s that terrible noise 可知，这里应该用进行时态，噪音是机器正在被检测时发出的，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
答案： C
2．(2011·北京西城模拟)The attackers were arrested and didn’t know where they________.
A．would take B．are taken
C．were being taken D．will be taken
解析：句意为：袭击者被捕了，他们不知道正被带往何处。根据didn’t know 可知，空格处也应该用过去的某种时态，所以B、D不正确；根据句意可知此处用被动语态，故选C。
答案： C
3．(2011·南京模拟)People begin to know that most environmental problems exist because necessary measures for preventing them________taken in the past.
A．are not B．were not
C．hadn’t been D．wouldn’t be
解析：句意为：人们开始了解到由于在过去没有采取必要的预防措施从而造成了大多数的环境问题。in the past暗示出用过去时态；hadn’t been 指在一个过去的动作或时间之前
发生的事情；wouldn’t be 表过去将来，故B项正确。
答案： B
4．(2011·日照市调研考试)—Monitor?
—I’m not monitor of our class.I________with the teacher until the monitor is elected.
A．will just help B．am just to help
C．am just helping D．have just helped
解析：考查时态。下句意为：我只是在帮助老师，直到选出班长为止。根据上下句语意可知，此处用现在进行时，表示答话者当时所处的状态。
答案： C
5．(2011·南京第一次模拟)—I hear you________at Smith’s.
—Yes，I________there for about three months.
A．work；had been working B．worked；was working
C．are working；have been working D．worked；have worked
解析：本题考查时态。听说你正在Smith’s 上班，因此应该使用现在进行时态；我在那里已经工作大约三个月了(可能还会持续下去)，因此需要使用现在完成进行时态。
答案： C
6．(2010·海淀区第二学期期中练习)—Why didn’t you e to the cinema with us last Saturday?
—Oh，sorry.But I________the film.
A．see B．saw
C．have seen D．had seen
解析：考查动词的时态。由语意可知，这个电影在上周六(last Saturday)之前就已经看过了，也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”，因此应该用过去完成时。
答案： D
7．(2010·3月济南模拟)A big step ________to strengthen China’s health care systems since we launched an effort in 2008.
A．has been taken B．is being taken
C．was taken D．had been taken
解析：考查时态。since(自从)所在的从句用了一般过去时，主句一般用现在完成时。
答案： A
8．(2011·哈尔滨检测)I have been on diet for months and next time you see me，I ________five pounds.
A．will have lost B．will lose
C．have lost D．am losing
解析：本题考查动词时态。句意为：我已经减肥好几个月了，等下次再见我时，我就会轻五磅。根据语境知句子要用将来完成时，故A项正确。
答案： A
9．(2011·苏州一模)—Are you going to further your studies after graduation?
—Well，I________yet.I might make some other choices.
A．didn’t decide B．haven’t decided
C．don’t decide D．hadn’t decided
解析：本题考查动词时态。从答语：也许还有别的打算可知，目前还没有做出决定，故用现在完成时。
答案： B
10．(2011·陕西宝鸡检测)Mary，I should tell you it is the third time that you________ your homework.
A．forgot to do B．forgot doing
C．have forgotten to do D．had forgotten doing
解析：考查时态和非谓语动词。“It is(was)the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”，表示“是某人第几次做某事”，在此句型中，若前面为it is，则that 从句用现在完成时，若前面为it was，则that 从句用过去完成时；而forget to do sth.表示忘了应去做某事，forget doing sth.表示忘了已做过某事。根据语意可知此题应选C。
答案： C
11．(2010·3月济南模拟)—We thought he would have won the game.
—What a pity！He ________too nervous when playing.
A．had been B．has been
C．was D．would have been
解析：考查动词时态。句意为：他当时太紧张了。答语是对过去事实的陈述，用一般过去时。
答案： C
12．(2010·潍坊质量监测)My headache________me.I thought it was going away，but now it’s getting worse and worse.
A．is killing B．was killing
C．kills D．killed
解析：考查时态。从now 可知：我现在头疼得厉害。
答案： A
13．(2010·潍坊第一次模拟)Tom is now in our class，but he once________in Westbrook High School for a term.
A．has studied B．studied
C．had studied D．studies
解析：考查时态。句意为：汤姆现在在我们班，但他曾经在韦斯特布鲁克高中呆过一个学期。从once可知，用一般过去时，一般过去时也可以和一段时间连用。
答案： B
14．(2010·海南五校联考)—When did you move to Sanya?
—In 2008.But I________in Tibet for 8 years.
A．has worked B．has been worked
C．have been working D．worked
解析：考查时态。由题干可知答话人在2008年搬到三亚之前曾在西藏工作过8年，叙述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。
答案： D
15．(2010·4月济南模拟)—Can you give some advice on what I said just now?
—Sorry.My mind ________.
A．is wandering B．was wandering
C．has wandered D．has wandered
解析：考查动词的时态。从语境可知“刚才你说话的时候，我走神了”，此处强调“过去某个时刻正在进行”的状态，所以用过去进行时，答案选B项。
答案： B
高中英语教案时态总结 一、时态的内涵 Tense翻译为时态，包含时间+状态两个方面。 时间的划分：过去，现在，将来 状态的划分：一般，进行，完成 状态——实意动词： 四种形式例：go, went, gone, going 四种形式各有分工一般：go, went 进行：going 完成：gone 例： 一般 I go to school every day. I went to school yesterday. 进行 we are learning English. I was learning English when you called me yesterday. 完成 We have had breakfast. I had had breakfast by 8 this morning. 时间——助动词 那接下来又有新的问题了。比如说，现在分词，它只有一种形式，如going ,或者learning, 那我们时间又不一样，有过去进行的，现在进行的，比如刚才的两个例句，we are learning English, 我们用的是are. I was learning English yesterday when you called me. 用的是was. 所以我们发现，learning是没有变化的，但前面这个are, was是变化的。它们的变化就把这个时间讲清楚了。而它呢，位于learning实意动词之前的这个，叫助动词。也就是说，be，是个助动词。如果我问be是什么词很多同学肯定会说be是系动词，其实be又是助动词，又是系动词，这里的be就是助动词。大家该如何理解呢，看这里，一个实意动词，只能把状态讲清楚，但因为一个状态里面，有不同的时间，比如进行，有过去进行，现在进行，和将来进行，而实意动词本身不能把这个时间讲清楚，于是就借助于，求助于，助动词来帮忙，
高三语法：动词时态和语态常考点 【课前预习】 1. —Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and ______ his essay there ever since. A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing 2. It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come. A. will be building B. will he built C. has been building D. has been built 3. —Is Peter coming? —No, he_____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A.c hanges B. changed C. was changing D. had changed 4. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_____ cut. A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been 5. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was 6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching 7. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides. A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached 8. —Did you enjoy the party? —Yes. We ______well by our hosts. A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated 9. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? —Not really. She ______ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give 10. The reason why prices _______, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been 11. He must have sensed that I ______ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?" A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at 12. I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but_______ thankfully by the shop window. A. am held back B. held back C. hold back D. was held back 【学习过程】 考点1:动词的各种时态 1.一般现在时 1).表示客观事实或普通真理。
高三英语语法教案：时态和语态 分类说明 高考中对动词的时态和语态的命题不可少，每年都有两、三分。然而，命题一般都是以基础知识为主，把时态与语境结合起来，在复习动词时态和语态时，应特别注意下面一些问题：1．动词的八种基本时态的形式和意义：一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；现任进行时；过去进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；现在完成进行时。并且，由此扩充了解将来完成时；将来进行时，将来完成进行时；过去将来完成时等。 2．掌握各种时态的时间状语要求，特别是上下文中所暗含的时间。 3．注意并掌握句子中时态一致性的要求，如：宾语从句中的时态要求：主句若为过去时，从句必须用相应的过去时，但当从句表示客观真理时，又可只用一般现在时；时间、条件状语中的时态要求：当主句为将来时时，从句片j一般现在时；虚拟语气中的时态要求：(见虚拟语气)。 4，掌握各种时态及含情态动词中的被动语态的形式和应用。 (1)分清动词的词性，熟悉并掌握常见的不及物动词happen，take place，occur，exist等，它们不能用被动语态； (2)分清主语与谓语之间的关系； (3)变被动语态的动词一般为及物动词，但有些不及物动词与介词所形成的短语动词也可有被动形式，此时，变被动语态后介词不能丢； (4)熟悉并掌握主动形式表被动意义的情况，如： A．及物动词read，write，sell，wash等，用作不及物动词，如：． The pen _________well． A．writes B．wrote C．is written D．has written B．做定语不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时。如： I have much work ________． A．to do B．to be done C．to be doing D．to have done 但当不定的式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，则须用被动语态．如： Do you have any work ________now? I’m free． A．to do B．to be done C．to be doing D．to have done C．形容词hard，difficult，interesting，exciting，surprising等后的不定式作语及worth后面的doing。 回放真题 真题1(2004甘肃、青海卷29) --Thank goodness，you’re here! What _________you?
动词的时态和语态 时态 一般现在时 (1)可表示客观真理、科学事实。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。 (2)可用在由if，unless引导的条件状语从句，由even/if/though引导的让步状语从句，由when，before，until/till，as soon as，the moment引导的时间状语从句，由no matter what/who/when/where/how或whatever，whoever等引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表将来或主句是祈使句。 I’ll go with you as soon as I finish it. 我一做完，就与你一同去。 Whatever you say，I will not change my mind. 无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。 一般过去时 表示“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。 —Your phone number again？I didn’t quite catch it. ——再重述一下你的电话码好吗？我没记下来。 —It’s 9568686. ——是9568686。 一般将来时 (1)“will＋动词原形”表示事物的固有属性与必然趋势。 Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。 (2)“be going to＋动词原形”可表示根据迹象对未来进行推断。 Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain. 看那乌云，要下雨了。 (3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示立即的将来，很少与时间状语连用。 The train is about to start.火车就要开了。 (4)位移动词如e，go，arrive等，其一般现在时表按时间表将要发生的事，现在进行时可表计划、安排要做的事。
英语中的动词有时态(Tense)要求。所谓“时”,即动作发生的时间；“态”， 即动作的方式状态。“时”有四种：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去将来时； “态”也有四种：一般式，进行式，完成式，完成进行式。因此，英语中一共有 二.新课讲解 1.一般过去时（the Past Simple） (1)用法(uses) 表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的情况。如： He worked in a bank all his life. He discovered a desert island in the Pcific. The safari was exciting but dangerous. I knew what he meant. They always interviewed new employees on Fridays. (2)形式（form） 即动词的过去式，分两种情况，一种是在动词结尾加ed或ied，这种动词 称为规则动词，另一种不能加，形式多样，称为不规则动词。 规则动词： a.一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： work-worked play-played want-wanted act-acted b.以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： live-lived move-moved decide-decided decline-declined hope-hoped judge-judged raise-raised wipe-wiped c.以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： study-studied try-tried copy-copied justify-justified cry-cried carry-carried embody-embodied empty-emptied d.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop-stopped beg-begged drag-dragged drop-dropped plan-planned drip-dripped
第5讲动词时态和语态（要点透析） 动词时态 一、一般现在时(动词用原形或单数第三人称后加－s/－es) 1．表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制) The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 2．表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用行为动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 We always care for each other and help each other. 3．表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。 Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 4．少数用于表示起止的动词如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11：00 p．m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. 【疑难点击】 1．在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 2．在the more…the more… 句型中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 【疑难点击】 3．在make sure, see to it, mind, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 See to it that you are not late again. 4．在倒装句中，用一般现在时表示动作正在进行。 Here comes the bus.＝The bus is coming. 二、一般过去时(－ed或不规则变化) 1．一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去时。 I met her in the street yesterday. I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn't. 2．如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去式。 He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 3．表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute. The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
动词的时态和语态 （一）动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如： a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。
二轮复习动词时态和语态学案 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2019·浙江台州质检)We (reduce) emission of air pollutants in recent years，but cars are still major source of them. have reduced/have been reducing[由句中的时间状语in recent years可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。] 2．(2019·浙江十校联考)I just graduated from West Coast University.I (receive) job skill training just before that，but I had never worked. had received[此处根据just before that可知，我在之前受过职业技能的培训，根据上句中的一般过去时可知，此处应用过去完成时。] 3．(2019·山西太原模拟)Doctors and scientists (learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years. have learned[根据in the last thirty years可知，本句应用现在完成时。] 4．(2019·安徽合肥检测)It's fun for amateurs to try，but to become good at it，not only years of practice but also natural talent (need)． is needed[考查主谓一致和被动语态。“not only...but also...”作主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural talent与动词need之间是动宾关系，故用is needed。] 5．(2019·河南郑州质量预测)A group of people paraded(游行) through the village，two of them dressed as a lion，going into every home to perform a song for good fortune.I (attract) by this and followed the group，taking photos to share with my family.
语法复习专题（7） Unit7 动词时态和语态 一、考点聚焦 1、动词时态考查要点简述 （1）一般现在时考点分析 ①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100 o C. ②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. ③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear 、smell 、taste 、feel 、notice 、agree 、believe 、like 、hate 、want 、think 、belong seem 等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. ④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall 或will 表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my i nvitation and come to our party, myfamily will be pleased. 如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 ⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave 、arrive 、fly 、return 、start 、begin 、 pen、close 、end、stop 等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要 发生的动作。当be 表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. （2）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。 ①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语 连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希 望的事通常用过去式。如： I met her in the street yesterday. I once saw the famous star here. They never drank wine. I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn ’t. ②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如： He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
动词的时态和语态 一动词的时态的分类： 一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时 二用法： 1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……)句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时
高二英语动词的时态语态专项练习外研社 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 动词的时态语态专项练习 二. 重难点讲解： 动词的时态和语态 在接下来的时间里将给大家介绍一下动词的时态和语态。 到目前为止大家应该知道，动词共有16种时态和两种语态。 在时态方面，考题中主要涉及到其中的10种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、将来进行时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时。 1. 一般现在时：通常有六种用法，其中最重要的考点是：在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作；安排或计划好的将来发生的动作。 如：1>. The train for Shanghai leaves at 11a.m and arrives at 11p.m. 2>. As soon as the manager comes back, I will tell him about it. 2. 一般过去时：关于该时态最主要请大家掌握它的概念：一个开始于过去结束于过去的动作，或存在的状态。记住这一点很重要，需要与现在完成时区分。 如：The other day she ran across an old friend in the street. 3. 一般将来时：除了用will + 动词原形表示该时态外，还有： 1> Be going to do sth：She is going to go abroad next year. 2> Be about to do sth：Please fasten your safety belt, for the plane is about to take off. 3> Be to do sth：There is to be a class meeting this afternoon. 4. 现在进行时：除了众所周知的表正在进行动作外，还有如下特殊用法： 预计一个将要发生的动作；常与某些副词连用，表示某种感情色彩，如赞叹、惊讶或不满。 如：1> How many of you are going to the party tonight. 2> The teacher is always criticizing us. 5. 现在完成时：这应该是五个基本时态中最令大家迷惑的一个。该时态分为已完成和未完成两种。常见的标志性的词有：since, for, already, so far, up to now, in the last few years, in the past three months etc. 如：1> He has lived here since he got married. 2> In the past two decades, research has expanded our knowledge about sleep and dreams. 3> In the last ten years great changes have taken place in China. 6. 过去将来时：只有一个考点：用于主句的谓语动词是过去时态的间接引语中，遵循时态呼应原则。 如：she said she would pay us a visit when she had enough time.
七、动词的时态和语态 对应学生用书p172 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut____________(report) increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements. 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Pickingupher“Lifetime Achievement”award, proudIrene____________(declare) shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness. 3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI____________(make) overtheyears. 4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand____________(recommend) wonderfulplacestoeat, shop, andvisit. 5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay, we____________(invite) toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars. 6．(2019·浙江卷)OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstuden ts’ grades____________(improve) alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms. 7．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Since2011，thecountry____________(grow) morecornthanrice. 8．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment______ ______(start) asoil-testingprogramthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and201 1, fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons. [答案与解析] 1．havereported。考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语Inrecentyears可知，句子用现在完成时态，故填havereported。
个性化教学辅导教案 【词汇串烧】 A Journey across Canada After a quiz last autumn, Kuang crossed the continent eastward to Toronto to visit his schoolmate, the distance measuring approximately 5,000 kilometers, His train started from Vancouver, a city surround ed by mountains. After confirm ing his baggage was aboard the train, Kuang settle d down in his seat. Having a gift for communication, he started chat ting with another passenger within 5 minutes. Their topic s included the Canadian tradition s, the Prime Minister, the mixture of races, and the terrifying Great Fall. After a nice buffet at noon, he was pleased to find that the scenery was impressive. He saw beautiful harbour s in the distance, wealthy urban areas and maple forest that covered thousands of acre s. He even manage d to catch sight of an eagle flying upward over bush es. Kuang reached Toronto which lies slightly near the border at a misty dawn. There was frost and the broad downtown streets were very quiet. Though it was early, Kuang phoned his schoolmate in a booth nearby at once rather than waiting for him to come. They had a good time together.
第四讲动词的时态和语态 时态是语法填空的必考内容，最常考的是一般过去时或者主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时，以及进行时和一般将来时；语态也是要考查的内容。另外，在短文改错中，时态、语态也是必考内容。在书面表达中，时态和语态的选择至关重要，如若在书面表达中适当地运用被动语态，可使句式更加多样化，有时甚至更加自然生动。 命题趋势：1.以时态的考查为主，语态的考查为辅； 2．在语法填空和短文改错中侧重考查一般时； 3．设题根据语境中上下文的信息判断时态以及语态。 考点一一般时 1．一般现在时 ①Yangshuo is really beautiful. 阳朔景色真美。 ②Around two o'clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us. 每晚两点左右，苏就开始说梦话。这使我们有点烦恼。 ③If you arrive，please give me a phone call. 如果你到了，请给我打电话。 ④I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我上小学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。 ⑤Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 [规律总结] 1．主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often，always，from time to time等时间状语。 2．表示客观规律、事实和永恒真理。 3．在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：when，until，after，before，as soon as，once，the moment/the minute，the day；if，unless，provided，so/as long as。 4．用于here，there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。2．一般过去时 ①It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.
高中英语语法复习学案教师版——动词的时态和语态 动词的时态 一、一般体考点 （一）一般现在时 1. The geography teacher told us that the earth moves (move) around the sun. 2. Water boils (boil) at 100 ℃. 3.The careless driver has just been fined $ 10 for stopping his car at a sign that reads (read) “NO PARKING”. 4. Whatever you say (say), I will not change my mind. 5. Don’t try to run before you begin (begin) to walk. 6. I’ll go with you if I finish (finish) my work. 【总结】 1．定义：表示现在的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。 时间状语：every day; often; usually; always; seldom; sometimes 2. 一般现在时可以表示客观事实或普通真理。 3. 在让步、时间和条件状语从句中以及主语是祈使句时常用一般现在时代替将来时。 （二）一般过去时 1. --- Nancy is not coming tonight. --- But she promised (promise)! 2. My uncle didn’t marry (marry) until he was forty-five. 3. --- You haven’t said a word about my new car, Brenda. Do you like it? --- I’m sorry I didn’t say (not say) anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. 4. --- Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something. --- Oh, how nice of you! I never thought (think) you were (be) going to bring me a gift. 5. --- Your phone number again! I didn’t catch (not catch) it. --- It’s 9598442. 【总结】 定义：过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的状态。含有“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已经不这样。 时间状语：then; at that time; just now; three days ago; yesterday; when 或while 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句（三）一般将来时
高中英语时态分析教学 随着新课程改革的深入推进，学生在学习中主体地位的突现，教师作为课堂教学的主导者在进行教学时重过程，重导其表而疏其实。而学生在进行语法学习时，鉴于教师的过程化教学，往往容易形成对于知识的理解、掌握流于表象，对其实质知之甚少，让其说出各种时态的差异及用法时，绝大多数学生能迅速、流利“背”出相关理论性语言，但在具体运用时则不知所以然，甚至张冠李戴，导致错误。笔者从07年新课程改革全面实施以来，一直认真研读高中语法在新教材中的编排理论，及高中教师如何对新教材下语法知识的传导。结合自己在日常教学中的实践摸索，我认为高中英语时态教学中应从以下几个方面培养学生分析时态。 一、从概念入手 时态的概念是时态的本质。各种时态的概念诠释了各种时态谓语动词动作发生的内在实质，这是英语语言与作为我们母语的汉语所没有的特点。我们在教学中有对时态概念的分析，但流于表象、较抽象，学生难于从其实质上理解。部分学生仅仅从一般概念意义上去背诵、记忆，而无法从概念实质上去分析具体时态。怎么正确运用时态的概念去解决具体问题呢？ 首先应了解时态概念的实质。时态概念界定了谓语动词动作发生的时间范畴；谓语动词动作发生后，该动作所产生的影响；以及该动词动作本身具有的特征。如： 1、一般现在时：概念是经常性、习惯性的动作。 例：I usually get up at six in the morning. 时间范畴：任意一天的早晨 动作产生的影响：早6：00点起床。 动作的特征：动作在过去、现在、将来都会发生。 2、一般过去时：强调动作发生在过去的一个事实。 例：He went to Beijing last week. 时间范畴：过去特定的一个时间（last week） 动作影响：上周去了北京，至于现在情况则不清楚。 动作特征：上周（last week）该动作发生过，与现在无关。 3、现在完成时：动作发生在过去，但过去的时间不清楚，对现在造成一定的影响或结果。 例：I have read the book three times. 时间范畴：动作发生在一个不太清楚的过去。 动作影响：对现在又一定的影响，即主语对book有一定的了解。 动作特征：过去的动作与现在有关。 4、过去进行时：动作发生在过去特定的时间，强调过去动作的持续，与现在没有关系。 例：---can you tell me what I said just now? ---Sorry ,I was observing the dog near the river.