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时态和语态教案

时态和语态教案
时态和语态教案

动词时态和语态教案

【专题要点】动词时态和语态要点概述如下:

1.一般现在时表示习惯性、个人能力、普遍真理;表示“已经列入日程表”时常用一般现在时表示将来;

2.表示说话人始料的事,常用一般过去时;

3.时间状语从句或条件状语从句中常用一般时表将来;

4.will/be going to do/be about to do的用法区别;

5.用主动形式表示被动意义常见的几种情况;

【考纲要求】时态与语态一直是热点,也是广大考生复习备考的难点。考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力,能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态;同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。

【教法指引】高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大,不易把握。大部分时态题答案的选择取决于题干语境;但也有部分时态试题较易把握,其用法相对固定,常见于特定句式结构中;还有部分常见时态用法特殊。综观近年来的高考单项填空题,动词成为考查的热点,在15个单项选择中,考查动词时态的题一般不少于2道,动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。教师在指导学生复习备考、答题中,要遵循如下思路:

① 这个动作可能发生在什么时间?题干句中可参照的时间信息有那些?

② 这个动作处于什么时态,是进行中,还是已经结束(完成)?限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些?

③ 这个动作与主语的关系,是主动还是被动?

【知识网络】动词时态与语态

一、动词时态

(一)一般现在时

一般现在时常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时,应用动词的单数第三人称形式。一般现在时主要有以下几种用法:

1、一般现在时表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态,常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等时间状语连用。

He always sleeps with the windows open.他总是开着窗子睡觉。

2、一般现在时表示主语的性格、特征、能力等。He works hard .他工作很努力

3、一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理,也用在格言中。

The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。

4、在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中表将来的动作

在由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引导的状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时,但应注意,主句的谓语动词必须用一般将来时。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨,排球赛将推迟

5、表示安排或计划好的将来动作,通常限于表示"运动"的动词,如:go, come, leave, start 等。The train starts at 10 o' clock in the morning.火车在上午10点发车

(二)一般过去时

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态,常和表示过去的时间连用,yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago等。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用

1、表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或状态,常有明确的时间状语,如yesterday,last night, some years ago,in1890等,以及由when等引导的时间状语从句。

(三)一般将来时

1、一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, in the future, next year等。一般将来时由"助动词will/shall+动词原形"构成。

2、一般将来时的其他表达法

(1)"be going to+动词原形"表将来

①这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。

They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。

②还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。I think I'm going to die. 我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危) Look at the cloud. It's going to rain.瞧那乌云,天要下雨了。(乌云密布,使我断定天要下雨)

③这种结构表示"肯定、预测,注定会"。在这种情况下可以和"think, hope, want, belive, like"等表示静态的动词连用。 He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他没考及格,他一看试卷就知道考不及格。

The voters aren't going to like him.选民们不会喜欢他的。

"be about to+动词原形"表将来

(2)"be about to+动词原形"表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。The English evening is about to start.英语晚会即将开始。(3)"be to+动词原形"表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作,这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意见。

There's to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻灯。

You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。

(4)用现在进行时来表示将来

现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词,如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等,还有join, play, eat, work, return, take, wear, stay, sleep, meet等。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。

I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。

When are you going back to your factory? 你什么时候回工厂?

(5)一般现在时表示将来

用一般现在时表示根据规定预计要发生、安排或计划好的将来的动作。这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词,如come, go, leave, start, begin, sail, return, stop, end, open, stay 等。The plane starts at 8 o'clock in the morning.飞机上午8点起飞。

When does the show begin?展览什么时候开始?

二、动词的语态

(一)被动语态构成

被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象,一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。其构成为"be+及物动词的过去分词"。

(二)被动语态的适用范围

1、当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。这时不用by 短语。

This jacket is made of cotton. 这件上衣是棉料的。

2、为了强调动作的承受者时

Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求参观者不可触摸展品。

常用于如下短语:

It's not known that… ……不得而知It's said that… 据说……

It's reported that… 据报道…… It's not decided that…尚未决定

It's believed that… 据认为…… It's announced that…据宣布……

(三)被动结构的时态

被动语态的时态是由be的不同时态+及物动词的-ed形式来构成的

(四)Get型被动语态

被动语态的基本形式是由"be+及物动词的过去分词"构成的。但在现代英语中大量地出现了由"get+及物动词的过去分词"构成的被动语态,这叫get-型被动语态。get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限,通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。

1、get+及物动词的过去分词

get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形式连用,构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身,常指"最后终于,突然发生"等意义。

2、get-型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态,而be+动词的-ed形式只表示存在的状态。 She got tired. 她感到累了。(有开始感到疲劳的含义)

She was tired. (只表示”她累了”)

(五)主动形式表示被动意义

1、既是及物又是不及物的动词

一些既是及物又是不及物的动词。如read, write, sell, open, shut, begin, wash, wear, cut, lock, play, pack, strike, split, act, draw, iron, dry, eat heat, clean等;此类动词常接副词作状语(有些可以不加)。

Books of this kind sell well. 这本书很畅销 The door won't shut. 门关不上

2、系动词

系动词look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等。此类动词常接形容词作表语。

-Do you like the material?你喜欢这块面料吗?

-Yes, it feels very soft. 喜欢,手感不错。

3、need等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式

need, want, require,stand, take, won't bear, repay, deserve等词后面常接主动的-ing 分词形式,表示被动意义。在这种情况下,句子的主语在逻辑上是-ing分词的宾语。

Your hair needs cutting. 你的头发需要理。

The room wants cleaning everyday. 这个房间需要每天打扫。

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2017届高三英语一轮复习导学案:动词时态和语态常考点解析

高三语法:动词时态和语态常考点 【课前预习】 1. —Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and ______ his essay there ever since. A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing 2. It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come. A. will be building B. will he built C. has been building D. has been built 3. —Is Peter coming? —No, he_____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A.c hanges B. changed C. was changing D. had changed 4. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_____ cut. A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been 5. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was 6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching 7. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides. A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached 8. —Did you enjoy the party? —Yes. We ______well by our hosts. A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated 9. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? —Not really. She ______ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give 10. The reason why prices _______, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been 11. He must have sensed that I ______ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?" A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at 12. I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but_______ thankfully by the shop window. A. am held back B. held back C. hold back D. was held back 【学习过程】 考点1:动词的各种时态 1.一般现在时 1).表示客观事实或普通真理。

高中英语动词的时态和语态教案

动词的时态和语态 时态 一般现在时 (1)可表示客观真理、科学事实。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。 (2)可用在由if,unless引导的条件状语从句,由even/if/though引导的让步状语从句,由when,before,until/till,as soon as,the moment引导的时间状语从句,由no matter what/who/when/where/how或whatever,whoever等引导的让步状语从句中,这时主句往往表将来或主句是祈使句。 I’ll go with you as soon as I finish it. 我一做完,就与你一同去。 Whatever you say,I will not change my mind. 无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。 一般过去时 表示“刚才,在过去”之意,暗示现在已“不再这样”。 —Your phone number again?I didn’t quite catch it. ——再重述一下你的电话码好吗?我没记下来。 —It’s 9568686. ——是9568686。 一般将来时 (1)“will+动词原形”表示事物的固有属性与必然趋势。 Fish will die without water.离开水,鱼就会死。 (2)“be going to+动词原形”可表示根据迹象对未来进行推断。 Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain. 看那乌云,要下雨了。 (3)“be about to+动词原形”表示立即的将来,很少与时间状语连用。 The train is about to start.火车就要开了。 (4)位移动词如e,go,arrive等,其一般现在时表按时间表将要发生的事,现在进行时可表计划、安排要做的事。

高三英语一轮复习学案:语法部分第5讲动词时态和语态

第5讲动词时态和语态(要点透析) 动词时态 一、一般现在时(动词用原形或单数第三人称后加-s/-es) 1.表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制) The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 2.表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用行为动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 We always care for each other and help each other. 3.表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。 Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 4.少数用于表示起止的动词如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. 【疑难点击】 1.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 2.在the more…the more… 句型中,通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 【疑难点击】 3.在make sure, see to it, mind, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 See to it that you are not late again. 4.在倒装句中,用一般现在时表示动作正在进行。 Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming. 二、一般过去时(-ed或不规则变化) 1.一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去时。 I met her in the street yesterday. I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn't. 2.如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去式。 He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 3.表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute. The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.

英语时态语态经典教案

动词的时态语态 动词的时态(一) 教学目的:唤起学生对英语时态理解,使学生掌握专升本考试要考的11种时态。 内容分析:本节教学重点是五种时态:一般现在时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,现在完成时。 学情分析:学生基础比较差,对于时态的一些基本概念理解不清楚,在上课的时候要给学生举一些比较形象的例子使学生更加便于理解和掌握时态的概念。 课时分配:时态语态共8个学时。 教学过程: 一、考情分析 @ 近年来河南专升本命题的特点是,在特定的语言环境中考查对时态、语态的理解。试题的意图往往隐蔽、迂回,迷惑项的设计技巧很高,容易干扰考生的思维。如果没有对时态概念的深刻理解,没有对语言应用环境的综合分析,便会对试题感到困惑。 时态与语态一直是热点,也是广大考生复习备考的难点。要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力,能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态;熟练掌握常见的8种时态,弄清11种时态,同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。考试对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大,不易把握。大部分时态题答案的选择取决于题干语境;但也有部分时态试题较易把握,其用法相对固定,常见于特定句式结构中;还有部分常见时态用法特殊。综观近年来的高考单项填空题,动词成为考查的热点,在单项选择中,考查动词时态的题一般不少于2道,动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。 二、讲课过程 动词:实意动词、情态动词、助动词、系动词。 实意动词(行为动词):有实际意义,意思具体。Eg: write eat do

情态动词:有意义,情感和态度,个数是可数的eg: could can may might must need 助动词:帮助动词构成谓语have do will 系动词:be动词sound taste touch become , Be动词是系动词,但系动词不一定是be动词 实意动词:I have a book.. Have 有did 做 I did it. 助动词:I don’t like it I have been there. Have do在句中没有实在意义 Have do 兼类词 , 动词的形态有5种 动词的时态有16种 原形过去式过去分词现在分词单三 Eat ate eaten eating eats 16种时态一览表:

动词时态和语态

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