教学过程
一、课堂导入
时态在高考中，单选会考1至2题，完形填空里面对副词的考查也是比较多的，所以也是需要好好掌握的语法点。
二、复习预习
复习上一单元的知识点之后，以达到复习的效果。然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目，再老师没有讲解的情况下，让学生独立思考，给出答案与解释，促进学生发现问题，同时老师也能发现学生的盲点，并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。
三、知识讲解
知识点1：现在完成时：构成：主语+ have/has + 动词的过去分词
用法：
1）过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，句中常有already, just, never, ever, lately, recently, , in the past+一段时间，so far等状语
2）、从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态
3）、用在时间、条件从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前完成
4）、“最高级+名词”或“It is the + 序数词+ time”后的定语从句中。
5）、应用现在完成时应注意：
瞬间动词用于完成时表示一个动作的结束，不能和“for…”或“since…”连用，但它们的否定形式可以连
用。如：
We have not heard from him for ten days.我们已经十天没他的消息了。
另外，如果把瞬间动词转变成相应的持续动词，就可和“for…”或“since…”连用。
知识点2：现在完成进行时：构成：主语+ have/has + been +动词的现在分词
用法：
表示动作从过去一个时间开始，一直延续到现在，强调在此阶段时间里，动作一直在进行。
⑴、过去开始而且现在仍在进行的动作
⑵、过去开始，现在刚刚停止的动作
⑶、现在看到其直接结果的动作
知识点3：过去完成时：构成：主语+ had + 动词的过去分词
用法：
1)、表示过去某时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作。
2）、表示从过去某时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，往往和for, since引导的短语或从句连用。
3）、用于句型：It was the +序数词+ time that…
该句型表示到“was”时已是第几次做某事，即在“was”前已做过某事几次，因此该句在时间上体现“过去的过去”，所以应用过去完成时。
4）、用于句型：It was + 时间段+ since…
该句型表示到自从做某事以来已有多长时间，即在这个（过去）时间段之前已做某事，因此该句型
在时间上体现“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink.
5）、过去没有实现的想法、希望和打算，即“本打算”
We had intended to see you, but we weren’t free.
6）、用于句型：hardly\scarecely…when(before)…, 及no sooner…than…“一…就…”
Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.
知识点4：将来完成时：构成：主语+ shall/will + have +动词的过去分词用法：表示未来某一时间之前将完成的动作。
（2011·江苏卷）23．-----Tommy is planning to buy a car．
----I know ．By next month ,he__enough for a used one．
A．saves B . saved C．will save D．will have saved
⒒将来进行时：构成：主语+ will + be + 动词的现在分词
用法：
⑴、表示在将来某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作
⑵、有时可表示预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作
四、例题精析
【例题1】He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ______ it for a very long time.
A.has had
B. had had
C. has
D. Had
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。本题基础时态为一般过去时，他演奏吉他很长时间是发生在他卖（sold）之前，故用过去完成时态。
【例题2】—Oh no! We’re too late. The train _______.
—That’s Ok. We’ll catch the next train to London.
A.was leaving
B. had left
C. has left
D. has been leaving
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。根据语境“我们太晚了”及后句“没关系。我们可以赶下一趟火车去伦敦”，可知火车已经离开，对现在造成影响，故使用现在完成时态。
【例题3】When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I ___ my mind.
A. have changed
B. change
C. had changed
D. would change
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。根据句意：我第一次见到Bryan时我不喜欢他，但是现在我已经改变我的想法了。
【例题4】During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ______ sharply.
A.was increasing
B. has increased
C. had increased
D. will be increasing
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。根据时态标志词during the last three decades，可知使用现在完成时态，选B。
五课堂运用
1 Shakespeare’s play Hamlet_______into at least ten different films over the past years.
A.had been made
B.was made
C.has been made
D.would be made
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。根据此句标志词over the past years应使用现在完成时态。故选C。
2-The girl has a great interest in sport and ______ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。根据句中标志词over the last three years可知答案为D
3 —Have you heard about the recent election?
—Sure, it ________ the only thing on the news for the last three days.
A. would be
B. is
C. has been
D. will be
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。根据句中标志词for the last three days可知应用现在完成时态，选C。
4 —What about your self-drive trip yesterday?
—Tiring! The road is being widened, and we _______ a rough ride.
A.had
B. have
C. would have
D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。根据句意，我们昨天的自驾旅行是一次颠簸的旅行。故答案选过去时态。
5 He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he______it for a very long time.
A.has had
B.had had
C.has
D.had
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。本题基础时态为一般过去时，他演奏吉他很长时间是发生在他卖（sold）之前，故用过去完成时态。
6 —Oh no! We’re too late. The train _______.
—That’s Ok. We’ll catch the next train to London.
A. was leaving
B. had left
C. has left
D. has been leaving
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。根据语境“我们太晚了”及后句“没关系。我们可以赶下一趟火车去伦敦”，可知火车已经离开，对现在造成影响，故使用现在完成时态
7 -When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I_____my mind.
A. have changed
B. change
C. had changed
D. would change 【答案】A
一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言： 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。 二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况） I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作） We have known each other since 1997. （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在） （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。 如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别： 1. 概念上的区别： —般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在”产生的影响。 现在完成时，①表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果； ②过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 He ViSited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。（只是简单表明在过去某个时间［in 1998］去过 桂林这一事实，除此以外别无其他） Jill has bought a new COmPUter.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（造成的结果是，JiIl现在有了一台新电脑）The pla ne has already arrived 飞机已经抵达了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。） The Pla ne arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间 在过去。） 第一种：对目前造成的影响；过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果； HaVe you Seen the film? （A） Did you See the film? （B） ［说明］你看过这部电影吗？ （A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解； （B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。 第二种：过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 He has lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. （A） He lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. （B） ［说明］他在北京住了8年。 （A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。
外研版英语英语现在完成时中考选择题(难)含答案解析推荐精选 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—How many letters you to your mother? —109 in all, since 2016. A. has, written B. have, written C. did, write D. are, writing 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——你给你妈写了多少封信？——从2016年起，总共109封。句中since 2016是现在完成时态常用的时间状语，其结构是主语+have/has+动词过去分词，且主语是you，则应填写have written，故答案选B。 【点评】考查动词的时态。注意现在完成时的用法。 2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．My sister English since she was 9 years old. She can talk to foreigners freely. A. learns B. learnt C. has learnt D. have learnt 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：我的妹妹自从九岁就开始学英语，她能够和外国人自由交谈。A,learns 学习，一般现在时，B，learnt 一般过去时C has learnt现在完成时Dhave learnt现在完成时，根据since可知句子是现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，句子主语是My sister，第三人称单数，使用has，故选C 【点评】本题考查现在完成时，注意since是现在完成时的标志词之一。 4．—_______ my dictionary? I can't find it anywhere. —I _______ it on the desk when I came in. A. Did you see; have seen B. Have you seen; have seen C. Have you seen; saw D. Did you see; see 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：---你看见我的词典了吗？我到处都找不到了。---我进来的时候看
现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习 一、现在完成时的用法。 1.现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响 I have lost my wallet now. I can’t find it now. 我的钱包掉了，我现在找不到。 2.现在完成时强调过去动作一直持续到现在。 I have had this book for a year. 我拥有这本书1年了。 3.现在完成时表示动作尚未完成。 I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里住了5年（现在也还在这里住） 4.现在完成时可以与不确切的过去时间连用。 She has entered speaking competition before. 她曾经参加过演讲比赛。 5.现在完成时可以用来描述活着的人的经历。 He has been to America four times. 他去过美国4次。（他现在还活着） 6.现在完成时可以与未完成的时间状语连用。 She has finished her homework today. 今天他已经完成了家庭作业。（today, this week, this year 是未完成的时间状语） 二、过去时的用法 1.
1.表示过去完成的动作，现在已不是这样。 —What do you think of her? 你认为她怎样？ —She was cute. 她曾经很可爱（表示她现在已不可爱了。） 2.与过去某一具体的时间状语连用，表示过去完成的动作。 She lost her wallet yesterday. (她昨天弄丢了她的钱包。) 3.表示去世的人过去的经历。 He went to America four times.一生中, 他去过美国4次（表示他已去世）练习 1.Ronaldo ______________( win) 29 major trophies in his career. 2.I ____________(have)him for three months and I really feel healthy. 3.She_______________(be) ill for three days. 4.They ________________ (not do) much exercise since they got their computer. 5.Kobe Byrant _______________(win) five championships with The Los Angeles Lakers. 6.Fans___________________(buy)about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than 50 languages. 7.When I was young, I ___________(not like) green vegetables. 8.After he graduated from university, he _________(work) in a big company.
现在完成时练习题 、单项选择 1 、 Both his parents look sad .Maybe they what's happe ned to him . knew B . have known C . must know D .will know He has bee n to Shan ghai , has he ? already B .never C .ever D . still Have you met Mr. L i just B . ago C .before D . a moment ago The famous writer one new book in the past two year A . is writing B .was writing C .wrote D .has written 5、-Our country a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be eve n A . has changed ; well B . changed ; good C . has changed ; better D . changed bette r 6、Tom alread y in this school for two years . A . was ; studying B . will ; study C . has ; studied D . are ; studying 7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A . know B . had known C . have known D. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it twice . A. will see B . have seen C . saw D .se e 9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、you ___ your homework yet ? -Yes . I it a moment ago . A . Did ; do ; finished Have ; done ; fini shed C . Have ; done ; have fini shed will ; do ; finish
一般完成时和现在完成 时 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】
T h e P a s t T e n s e a n d t h e P r e s e n t T e n s e 一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时需要用动词的过去式表示。现在完成时要用have(has)+动 词的过去分词表示。 Task 1 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. 1.Danny_______ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A.works B. is working C. has worked D. worked 2.This is the first time I ______this country.
A.visit B. have visit C. visiting D. was visiting 3.If he weather had been better ,we could have a picnic. But it_ _____all day. A.rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining 4.So far this year we _________a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10percent. A.saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 5.It’s high time we _________measures to solve this problem. A.will take B. have taken C. take D. took 6.This is the best film I________. A.will see B. saw C. have seen D. am seeing 7.--Did you go to the show last night --Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _______invited. A. were B. will be C. is D. was 8.I feel as if my head __________on fire. A.were B. will be C. is D. has been 9.Mr. Smith ________for the years. A.died B. has died C. has been dead D. is dying 10.How long __________you _________this car A.did, have B. did, buy C. have, bought D. have, had Task 2 Fill in each of the following blanks with the proper form of the word given in brackets.
现在完成时态与过去时态的区别 1. 意义上的区别 一般过去时态只是单纯地表示过去某一时间发生过的动作或者存在的状态, 和现在没有任何联系, 只着眼于过去. 现在完成时态重点强调与现在的联系, 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果, 属于现在时的范畴. 试比较下列例句: I have washed my shoes . 我刷过鞋了. 强调的是过去的某一时间发生的动作"洗" 对现在产生的影响是" 鞋是干净的" . I washed my shoes yesterday . 我昨天刷了鞋. 强调昨天做过"洗" 这个动作, 与现在鞋是否干净没有关系. My father has bought a new car . 我爸爸买了一辆新车. 强调在过去的某一时间发生的动作"买" , 对现在造成的结果是" 他有了一辆新车". My father bought a new car last Sunday . 我爸爸上个周日买了一辆新车. 强调上个周日"买" 这个动作发生过, 与爸爸现在是否有车无关. 也许这辆车是给别人的. 2. 时间状语的区别 一般过去时态只能与表示过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, la st week, three years ago, in 1990 , just now 等.
现在完成时态中的时间状语表达的时间是到现在为止. 如: just 刚刚, before 以前, "since / ever since +过去时间 " 自从...... 开始, ev er 曾经, never 从未, 未曾, "already" 已经 , " for+ 时间段"已有多长时间了. in the last/ past ten years 在过去的十年里, so far 到目前为止. up to now 直到现在, this week 这个星期等等. 二者的根本区别在于过去时强调事实，常有具体的时间状语标志，如，yesterday/5.oclock/this morning,just now,ago etc---, examples: 1.I met her a week ago. 2.We have a English class this morning. 而完成时有两种用法或意义 1，影响性：也是一个过去动作但却强调它对现在的影响,没具体时间点作时间状语，但常有，already,yet,before,just作状语。 (1).Have you had your breakfast,yet?(2).I have seen this movie before. (3).He has just finished his homework. 2.持续性：表动作从过去的一个点开始，一直持续到现在。（现在完成时）如果只需到过去的另一个点就是过去完成时。动词要用延续性的，还常有 for（引导线状时间状语），since（引导点状时间状语） (1).I have been worked here for 20 years./I have worked here since 20 years ago. (2).I have been a member of the League for 2 years.这里的be a member of 代替不可延续的动词短语join the League。
现在完成时专项练习题及答案 一、单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ________what's happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别（详细点） 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 不受时间限制的 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 客观存在 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. ※4)由连词if unless before as soon as when once however 等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表
现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时由助动词have\has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have。 I have been in Shenzhen for seven years. Lily hasn’t been to America before. 2.现在完成时的用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 《 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 3.常和现在完成时连用的时间状语： already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never，since，for等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 ~ I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 She has been an independent girl since her father passed away. 自从父亲去世后，这女孩就变得独立了。 Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经10年了。 4.现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。 否定句：在have\has后加not 结构：主语+has\have+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Has\Have提到主语前，其他照写。结构：Have\Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 注意：肯定句中如有some\and，在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成any\or，即 some-any and-or ：
一般过去时和现在完成时练习题 1. A. 用already或yet 1) Have they taken down the old pictures ___ ___? No, they haven’t____ ___. 2) Most of us have finished our compositions _____ . 3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____ ___. B.用since或for 1) We have learned five lessons __ __ _ the beginning of this term. 2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital __ _ ___last week. 3) I have stayed at my aunt’s ___ __two weeks. C. 用have gone或have been 2) Is your father in? No, he ___ _ to Shenzhen. _______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times 3) He asked me if I___ __ to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I __ __ never _ ___ to that city before. 2. 选择填空 1.Mother __ __me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well. A. had made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried 2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learned...has B. learned (i) C. has learned...has D. has learned (i)
1、一般过去时 与 现在完成时 的区别 2、一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； ?现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果。 3、 ?例如：We are good friends(现在情况) ?我们是好朋友。 ?I got to know him in 2005. (过去的动作) ?我在2005年认识（结识）他 ?We have known each other since 2005. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在) ?自从2005年来我们就相互认识 ?4、Linda has a big house. (现在情况) ?She bought the house ten years ago. (过去的动作) ?She has owned the house for ten years. ?She has lived in the house for ten years. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在) ?5、2. 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 ?一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday， last week，…ago， in1980， in October，just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 ?6、现在完成时的时间状语：for， since， so far， ever， never， just， yet，till/until， up to now， in past years， always等，皆不确定或模糊的时间状语。 ?共同的时间状语：this morning， tonight， this November， now， already，recently， lately 等。 ?7、3. 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live，teach， learn， work， study， know.。 ?一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come， go， leave， start， die， finish，become， get married等。 8、 ?I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） ?I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） ?I got up five hours ago. ?I have been up for five hours. (强调结果） ?Why did you get up so early（强调起床的动作已发生过了） ?9、Who hasn‘t handed in his paper ?(强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争) ?He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） ?He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） ?10、Who hasn‘t handed in his paper ?(强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争)
(1) 现在完成时 a.概念: 事情发生在过去,并一直持续到现在,且过去发生的动作对现在有一定影响. b.句式结构: 主语+ have/has+过去分词 c.常与现在完成时连用的时间状语: already, yet, never, ever, so far, up till now, recently, in the past/last… years等连用. 如: I have just finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业. Mary has been ill for three days. 玛丽已经病了三天. So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation. 到目前为止,他并不享受她的暑假. d.现在完成时态可用在下列结构中： I t is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。 (2) 一般过去时 a. 概念:过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或状态 b. 与现在完成时区别:虽然动作都是发生在过去,但现在完成时强调的是动作持续到了现在,并对现在造成了影响,而一般过去时与现在没有任何关系,只是表达一个过去的动作,不涉及现在的情况.如: I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影(对现在的影响是我了解这部电影的内容) I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看电影的动作,不涉及现在的情况) He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来,他一直住在这里.(对现在的影响是他现在还住在这里) He lived here in 1999. 1999年,他住在这里.(只能说明他99年住在这儿,不涉及现在,现在不一定住在这里)
一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 不受时间限制的Shanghai lies in the east of China. 客观存在 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. ※4)由连词if unless before as soon as when once however 等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
一般将来时，现在完成时 ---寒假 Name: ______________ Date:___________ ●Warm-up: NBA经典英语词汇 Air ball：“三不沾”，投出的球什么都没碰到。 Assist：助攻(缩写：Ast.)。 Backboard：篮板。注意不是basketboard。 Baseline：底线。球场两端的边界线。 Basket：篮筐。也作ring，还有一种通俗的说法是hoop。 Bench：替补队员。 Block shot：盖帽(缩写：Blk.)。 Bo：发出嘘声(v.)；嘘声(n.)。球迷发泄不满的一种方法。 Bounce pass：击地传球。 Box out：抢篮板球挡人，即抢篮板球时站在对手和篮之间，用身体挡住防守队员的动作。 （樱木花道的必杀记之——卡位。） ●lauguage: 一般将来时 1．基本概念: 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 2．一般将来时的形式 ★在英国：第一人称+shall+ 动词原形构成 e.g.: I shall go shopping. 第二、三人称+ will + 动词原形构成。 e.g.: They will come here tomorrow. ★在美国：一律用will。 ●will 常简略为'll，并与主语连写在一起，如：I'll，he'll，it'll，we'll，you'll，they'll。3．一般将来时的用法: 一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用 如：before long不久in the future在将来in two weeks 在两周后 next week / month / year /summer下一周/月/ 年/夏天some day将来的某一天 soon很快this evening今天晚上this afternoon 今天下午 tomorrow明天the day after tomorrow后天next week下周， from now on从现在开始 4．一般将来时的其他用法 1）“be going to + do”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。 e.g.: I’m going to go there next month. He is going to visit his grandparents next year. 2）go，come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。 e.g.: I'm leaving for Beijing./ We are meeting him after the performance. 3）come，go，leave，arrive，start，get，stay 等的一般现在时也可表示将来。 e.g.: The meeting starts at five o'clock. 会议五点开始。 He gets off at the next stop. 他下一站下车
现在完成时专项 1.I__________already__________(see) the film. I__________ (see) it last week. 2.—__________he __________(finish) his work today? —Not yet. 3. My father__________just__________(come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 5. I __________ (work) here since I__________(move) here in 1999. 6. So far I__________(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long__________Jack______________(stay) here ? 8.The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 10.__________you__________ (find) your science book yet? 11.—Ben and Sue aren't home, are they? —No. They___________to London on business. A. have gone B.go C.have been D. will go 12.___________has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he___________to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 13.His uncle___________for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 14.He has___________been to Shanghai , has he ? A.already B.never C.ever D.still 15.—What a nice dress! How long___________you___________ it? —Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 16.—I’m too tired. Could you tell me__________ it is from your home to the museum? —About 25 minutes’ bus. A.how far B.how long C.how often D.how soon 17.—Did you see Tom yesterday? —No. I__________him for a long time. A. didn't see B. hasn't seen C.saw D.haven't seen 18.—How many times__________Carl__________to the Great Wall? —only once. A. does; go B. did; go C. has; gone D. has; been 19.—Are Betty and Lingling still living in Beijing? —No, they__________to Qingdao. A.will move B.are moved C.have just moved D.move 20.—Amy, can we give away these soft toys? We__________them for many years.