中考英语阅读常见题型典型例题分析：猜测词义题
这类问题主要考察学生两方面能力。根据上下文推测和判断生词、短语或句子在阅读材料中的含义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。猜词的活动是阅读中经常遇到的，阅读理解题目中的作为干扰项出现的错误选项，一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式；而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的，解这类题时应注意以下特点：
1、注意一些过渡词语，如that is, this is, in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；
2、注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。
3、注意同义词、近义词、反义词、同位语、定语从句，相似或相反的结构等。
4、对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等)，因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。
典型例题：
如：2005年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读理解C篇
第一题：The underlined word enhance can be replaced by _______.
A. impress
B. improve
C. provide
D. produce
由上句improve一词可猜出enhance也是“提高”之意.
又如：2003北京市西城区中考试卷阅读理解D篇
第二题：“Flattened wheat” means ___________ .
A. broken wheat
B. lying wheat
C. harvested wheat
D. growing wheat
此题是依据该短语前面的句子：Some of his wheat was lying on the ground .此外，还有明确的信息：The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken ;由此我们推测出“Flattened wheat”是lying wheat而不是broken wheat。
总之我们要根据不同体裁、不同类型的阅读文章，采用不同的答题技巧，仔细斟酌核对答案。如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。
猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧 题型介绍 高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。常见提问方式 The underlined word “______”in the passage means ______. What does “_______” in the third paragraph stand for? The word/phrase “________” most near ly means ______. The word/phrase “______” could best be replaced by ______. The word/phrase “______” in Line…, Para …refers to______. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”? What’s the meaning of “______” in Line …, Para …? The underlined sentence in the first /second... paragraph probably means that ________. 正确选项的特点 1. 对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。 2. 对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。 干扰项的特点 1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。 2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。 解题思路 1. 返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。 2. 搜索时应注意同位语、特殊标点、定语从句、（表示上下文之间的逻辑关系）关键提示词及前后缀，特别注意找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。 特别提示： 1.不管这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思。 2.不管这个词多熟悉,都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。 解题技巧 构词法 派生词：通过分析派生词，猜测划线单词的意思。 Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands”. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse”. He is said to be “undersized” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”. undersized=under (低于) +size (尺寸、大小)，通过构词法可知以-ed结尾的派生词可作形容词(如three-legged 三只脚的)，再结合后面的short legs (短腿)，可猜出undersized意为“身
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
阅读理解之词义猜测题 词义猜测题常见设题方式：： 1. The word "…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by __________ 2. The word "…” is most likely to mea n _________ . 3. What do you thi nk the expressi on "…” sta nds for? 4. The un derl ined word "…” means. _____ ..... 解题方法 1. Definition 定义法 2. Con trast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Con text上下文 8. Com mon Se nse 普通常识 1. Defin iti on 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。______ a. It will be very hard but very brittle —that is , it will break easily.（） b. The herdsma n , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yua n a year._（） 2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比______ 的词有but、while、however、otherwise 等。 a. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.（） b. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 Clea ning up waterways is an eno rmous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the gover nment may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have bee n polluted.（） 4. Cause Effect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great n eed for food and cloth ing. b. That museum is so imme nse that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. （） 5. Example 例举法：禾U用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instanee, for example, such as 等。 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instanee, washing mach in es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.（） 6. Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。 词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可 以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super-（超）mini-（极小的，微小的） micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非） non-（不，非）-able （能…的）-less （不，无）-wards （向） Can you guess the right meanin gs? superma n microwave nonn atural mispr onounce homeless non smoker rebuild eastwards Eg. I ' m goitogbuy a microbus.（
阅读理解之词义猜测题 一，词义猜测类题目常见提问方式 1，The underlined word “__”in the passage means ____ . 2，What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? 3，3.The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. 4，4The word/phrase “___” could best be replaced by ____. 5，The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. 6，Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? 7，What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? 8，The author uses the word “____” to indicate（暗示）____? 二，技巧 技巧 1. 利用上下文，通过_________结构或________结构中的_____词、______词推测词义。反义词常见信号词有but 、yet 、while 、however、on the contrary 等。同义词常见信号词：and, or, namely, that is, that is to say,等。 1. Although the hazards of the trip were many --- for example , the unbearable heat , the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animal and poisonous snakes --- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A. safties B. destinations C. dangers D. pleasures 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is , it will break easily. A. breakable B. firm C. strong D. separate 技巧2 从句子或文段中找线索、信息词（如__________、________或________ 推测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。 常用的解释性词提示词有that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be 等， 1. The herdsman , who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year . A. chief B. sheepherder C. merchant D. buyer 2. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy --- its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease "workaholism" is proving a difficult job , partly because many of them like work better than anything else , experts say. A. killer B. drinker C. jobnik D. secretary 技巧3 根据上下文___________结构(即___________句）及其语境，推断词义。文中常用解释性句子引出生词含义，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。 1.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools ? A. co-operative educational B. separate educational C. boys and girls at the same school's educational D. individual educational 2. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor . Because of this , most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. A. large-scaled production B. small-scaled production C. bankrupt D. fortune hunting 技巧4 利用_______，巧解词义。
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶）at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/c413552350.html, 词义猜测题的解题技巧 作者：杨富章 来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第04期 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见题型。通过对近几年湖北卷高考题的阅读理解题的统计，我们会发现2014年词义猜测题在阅读理解部分有1题，2013年考了1道，而2012年湖北卷考了4道。虽然近两年直接考查这种能力的题目不多，但是这种不借助词典，而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是同学们在考试时必须具备的，它能让我们更好地理解上下文，其实这也是阅读理解题对这种能力的间接考查。 词义猜测题的常见考点有： 1. 直接猜测某个词的含义； 2. 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象； 3. 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义； 4. 对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接或解释性的描述。 常见设问形式有： 1.The word “ABC”in the passage probably means . 2.The underlined word “ABC” in the passage ref ers to/means . 3.Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means . 5.The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to . 词义猜测题的解题技巧我们可以归纳为8条： 1.根据近义词关系推测。 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以使它的意思更清楚。我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进 一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。如：
专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题) 一、知识链接 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中 也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读 变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词 词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内 容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "? 2. The underlined word, means_______. 3. The underlined phrase, means_______. 4. The underlined sentence, means_______. 二、真题演练 （一）典型例题 例1、 T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages 变式练习 Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
三、词汇题解题技巧 词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里，不需要考生查找所考查内容。它可以考一个单词的含义，一个词组的意思，或者考一个句子的弦外之音。 词汇题常见提问方式如下： The word “accentuate” (Line 4, Para.3) most probably means _____. What is the meaning of …? The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para.4) refers to _____. T he statement “The business of America is business” probably means “_____”. The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para3) is closest in meaning to “_____”. By “white elephant” the author refers to _____. 实例讲解： 原文： This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. 题目： 60. “Shadowland”in the last sentence refers to____ .
A) the wonderland one often dreams about B) the bright future that one is looking forward to C) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached D) a world that exists only in one's imagination 此题可以利用并列关系来求解。首先，and后面的句子告诉我们“任何有梦想的人必须要学会在那里生活”，这暗含了“那里”不好的环境。再从and可知，两个分句的逻辑是一致的，据此Shadowland也应该是不利的环境，故选择C项。 考句子含义的，如果句子简单，一般在上下文中寻找答案；如果句子复杂，则更加倾向于在句子内部找答案。 下面介绍一些常用的根据上下文猜测词义的技巧。 第一，针对性解释。 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。 1．根据定义猜测词义 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting
如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义 词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词组；了解构词法知识，如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀，以及词语的合成和转化等；并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。尽管如此，在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义，因此，我们必须学会如何猜测词义。任何一个词语，在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑： 一、根据定义或解释猜测词义 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. What does the word “carpenter” mean in Chinese? A.诗人 B.木匠 C.厨师 D.伐木工人 通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是B“木匠” A bag is useful and the word “bag” is usef ul. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”…. Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.” John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______. A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag 在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。 二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断 As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well. In the text, “put an end to” means “______”. A. Stop B. Cut C. Kill D. fly 根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。 三、根据并列或同位或对比关系猜测词义 There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese? A.自来水 B.大气 C.冰川 D.蒸汽 从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。 Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. What does the word “grubby” mean in Chinese? A.干净的 B.白皙的 C.肮脏的 D.整齐的 和clean意思相对的是“肮脏的”，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”
阅读理解生词猜测实例 1.根据定义或解释说明猜测词义 1) A resolute man is a person who once makes up his mind to do sth , he won’t give up half way . 2) Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly . 3) An expedition is a long , organized trip or journey which is made into an unfamiliar area for a particular purpose by a group of people. 4) At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy . 5) Although Rao made a reasonable offer of help to her, Jones accepted it reluctantly, with unwillingness. 6) Some myths , which are the stories handed down from ancient times and include the early beliefs of nation, are widely spread around the world. 7) Of all other sciences and that arithmetic, which is the science of numbers, is the base of mathematics. 2.通过同义词或同类词说明其意，一般用逗号将它与前面的生词隔开。 1) Luckily, most of the ailments (illness) that people suffer from can be treated at home with little or no medicine. 2) Microwaves- the radio waves that we use for communications- travel in straight line. 3) I think he is old-fashioned , thinking too much of old ways and ideas . 4) We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8:00 am--- this week . 3. 通过对比去推断生词。如转折词：but , however , yet , otherwise , though； 1)Most of them agreed, however, I dissented. 2) Most people object to the plan ; only a few are for it .