阅读理解专题训练—主旨大意题解题指导及训练
一.做主旨大意题容易犯的错误：
1.以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
2.断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
3. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。
5. 无中生有，似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
二.主旨大意题的出题类型.
1). 主题型(topic、subject、main idea、general idea)主旨大意题的题干表现形式:
The main idea of the passage is…
The passage is mainly about…
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
What is the passage mainly about?
2). 目的(purpose)类主旨大意题
The passage is meant to ….
The purpose of this article is to …
3). 标题(topic 或 title)类主旨大意题
The best title for the passage might be…
四。方法指导
在做主题型试题时，可先寻找主题句。一般情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头或结尾。但有时也可能不会出现主题句，需要读者自己去概括或归纳。
五．练习巩固
Passage 1：
Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey. Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects)....
Q : The author aims to tell us that __________.
A. women’s minds perform better than men’s
B. men’s minds decline more with age
C. everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older
D. a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently.
Passage 2：
Boston---- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美国联邦调查局) and the museum officials said.
The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan.......
William Bobinson, of Hardvard University's Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”
Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper article ?
A. A Theft Took Place in Boston
B. B. Artworks stolen by Thieves
C. Major Works
D. Investigation into the Theft
Passage 3:
Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that
“ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity’ (自动性).
Q: The first paragraph tells us _______.
A. what automaticity is
B. how accuracy is acquired (获得)
C. how a child learns to walk
D. how an athlete is trained.
六．突破难点:如何做没有主题句的主旨大意题?
做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
习题精选
1. It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services. Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service.
The crux of Mr. Brown's proposals are related to giving the NHS (National Health Service) a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.
He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases ...
Q: The author of this passage intends to tell us______.
A. the NHS should be reformed right away.
B. more and more people are dying from diseases.
C. the plan to reform the NHS in the UK.
D. the criticism of Mr. Brown's proposals.
2. In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.
Q: The text is mainly about________.
A. Lexico
B. Three men
C . A word game
D. Alfred Butts.
3. As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself” (DIY) trend in the U.S. continues to grow. ……
John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a “do-it-yourself’, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.
Q: What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Joy of DIY
B. You can Do it Too!
C. Welcome to Our DIY Course!
D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY
4． You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy.
Q: What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. How people stay healthy
B. How sleep is necessary
C. Why dreams are important
D. When people remember their dreams
5. In America we have Halloween. In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “ All Saints”. This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died. They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat. But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around. They also have many candy skulls to eat.
Q: What does the story mainly tell ?
A.What holidays are like
B. What Halloween is like in Mexico
C. What happens during Todos Santos
D. What we do on Halloween
七．定时训练
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.（2009年全国卷阅读理解D篇）
56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Codeine: A New Medicine
B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs
C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case
D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs
(09浙江D)Tell a story and tell it well, and you may open wide the eyes of a child, open up lines of communication in a business, or even open people’s mind to another culture or race. …
People regard storytelling not only as a useful tool in child education, but also as a meaningful activity that helps adults understand themselves as well as those whose culture may be very different from their own. … We are all storytellers. We all have a story to tell. We tell everybody’s story.
Question: What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Storytelling can influence the way people think.
B. Storytelling is vital to the growth of business.
C. Storytelling is the best way to educate children in school.
D. Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others.
阅读理解专题训练---主旨大意题解题指导教案 ----成都市龙泉中学陈立国 一．教学目标。 1．了解阅读理解中主旨大意题出题的基本类型。 2．找出解题中出现的基本问题，掌握解题的基本技巧和解决问题的基本方法。 3．训练学生主旨大意题相关阅读理解。 二．教学重难点。 1．掌握主旨大意题的答题技巧。 三．教学过程。 Step1. Crazy English. Make full use of the three minuets before class to recite words and phrases. Step2. Check homework. Check students’ reading assignment and lead in the topic “How to get the main idea of a passage”. Step3. Present. Present their problems when they answer this kind question and present the structure of passages. (Activity: Discussion and Question) Step4. Discuss and conclude the methods of answering the
questions of main idea. Step5. Practice. (Make use of the methods to practice students’ reading skills.) Step6. Further understanding.(Get more realization of the structure of a passage and it will help students solve problems more arrurate.) Step7. Consolidation. Provide two short passages to test how much students have achieved, at the same time consolidate the reading skills. Step8. Homework. P175 passage A.B
2020届二轮复习阅读理解中段落主旨大意试题特点及解题指导 高频考点清单 一、主旨大意类题目常见的设问方式 １．Ｔｈｅｍａｉｎｉｄｅａ／ｋｅｙｐｏｉｎｔｏｆｔｈｉｓｐａｓｓａｇｅｉｓｔｈａｔ． ２．Ｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅｉｓｍａｉｎｌｙａｂｏｕｔ． ３．Ｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｔｉｔｌｅ／ｈｅａｄｌｉｎｅｆｏｒｔｈｉｓｐａｓｓａｇｅｉｓ． ４．Ｔｈｅｔｏｐｉｃ／ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｓｓａｇｅｉｓ． ５．Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅｗｅｃａｎｃｏｎｃｌｕｄｅｔｈａｔ．６．Ｔｈｅｌａｓｔｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｉｓｃｈｉｅｆｌｙｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄｗｉｔｈ． ７．Ｗｈｉｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓｂｅｓｔｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎ ｉｄｅａｏｆｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅ？ ８．Ｗｈｉｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｂｅｓｔｓｔａｔｅｓｔｈｅｔｈｅｍｅｏｆｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅ？ 二、主题句 段落的主题通常由被称为主题句（ＴｏｐｉｃＳｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ）的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能：一是介绍段落的主题 （Ｔｏｐｉｃ）；二是阐述控制概念（ＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｉｎｇＩｄｅａ），控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句，偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章如科普文章的时候，主题句尤其明显。有的文章无明显的主题句，而是把主题句隐 含在段意之中。 １．主题句位于段首 主题句位于段首是由作者先立论，后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明，在英语议论文或说明文中，有６０％～９０％的主题句是段落的第一句。这样的段落模式可用倒三角（▽）来表示。 （１）寻找主题句 有些段落有明显的引出细节的信息词，常见的信息词有 ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，ａｎｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆ，ｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，ｆｉｒｓｔ，ｓｅｃ? ｏｎｄ，ｎｅｘｔ，ｔｈｅｎ，ｌａｓｔ，ｆｉｎａｌｌｙ，ｔｏｂｅｇｉｎｗｉｔｈ，ａｌｓｏ，ｂｅｓｉｄｅｓ等。 在阅读中，应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从该段落中的ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ可以断定上一句是主题句。如果无明显的信息词，可先假设第一句为主题句，在第二句前面添加一个ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，看看第二句是否可以支撑第一句话，如
阅读理解专题训练—主旨大意题解题指导及训练 一.做主旨大意题容易犯的错误： 1.以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 2.断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 3. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。 4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 5. 无中生有，似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。 二.主旨大意题的出题类型. 1). 主题型(topic、subject、main idea、general idea)主旨大意题的题干表现形式: The main idea of the passage is… The passage is mainly about… Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? What is the passage mainly about? 2). 目的(purpose)类主旨大意题 The passage is meant to …. The purpose of this article is to … 3). 标题(topic 或 title)类主旨大意题 The best title for the passage might be… 四。方法指导 在做主题型试题时，可先寻找主题句。一般情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头或结尾。但有时也可能不会出现主题句，需要读者自己去概括或归纳。
四川2020高考英语阅读理解--主旨大意题讲解及选练（含答案） 2020高考英语阅读理解解题指导【1】 阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。 一、主旨大意题 此类题型主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。一种命题方式是对整篇文章或者某一段落大意的概括，提问方式一般是：What is the text mainly about?/What is the main idea of the text/ the second paragraph?；另一种命题方式是提炼文章的标题，其提问方式一般是：What can be the best title for the text? 阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。有时候，文章或段落中没有明确的主题句，需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章或段落的主旨大意。同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。 【例1】(2020安徽卷B篇) Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. 63. The text is mainly about ______. A. why paving roads reduces our water B. how much we depend on water to live C. why droughts occur more in dry climates D. how human activity affects our water supply 解析：文章主要介绍了由于一些不合理的人类活动，导致了水资源的短缺，呼吁大家从我做起，从小事做起来保护水资源。文章的第一句就揭示了文章的主题：人类活动影响着水资
2021高考英语阅读解题专项之主旨大意题（十三）一：知识讲解 设问方式 1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that. 2.The passage is mainly about. 3.The best title/headline for this passage is. 4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is. 5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that. 6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with. 7.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 8.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? 技法点拨 1.概括段落大意 例1(2020课标全国Ⅰ,D片段) The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. 32.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.A new study of different plants. B.A big fall in crime rates. C.Employees from various workplaces. D.Benefits from green plants.
专题强化练(五)——阅读理解之主旨大意题 (限时25分钟) 对应学生用书(单独成册)第113页 A (2020·郑州第二次质检)Something strange has been happening to me lately: Women in the street have been telling me I'm brave. My act of courage isn't much—I just stopped coloring my hair.I had brown hair that started going gray when I was 30.So，like a lot of women，I started dyeing(染)it.It was expensive and timeconsuming.And my hair grows fast，so I needed to go back to the hair salon(美发厅)every 5 weeks. Many people seem to enjoy holding onto their youth for as long as possible，giving others the impression that they don't have much wisdom or many accomplishments.But our hair starts to turn gray and suddenly we start spending $500 or more a year to cover something our male colleagues don't need to cover. Of course，people should do what they want to do with their own body—my mother is 91 and still has“blonde” hair，and why not？I just wish more of us would feel that it is OK to be ourselves，because going gray has done more for me than saving me time and money. I like my natural hair，just as it is.I like how it has got curly again.It is recovering after years of being damaged by chemicals.I also like that it has given me some needed attitude in a society that makes youth seem so important，while being against maturity.It reminds me that I'm not a kid anymore and this isn't a bad thing.Not being a kid anymore means I read the books I want，and not the books I feel I should read.It means not wasting my time at events I don't need to attend when I'd rather be with my family and friends. When I see my hair in the mirror，it's a reminder that my time is limited，and I should spend it doing what matters.There's nothing shameful about growing older.And pretending it's not happening is a way of giving up our power. I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion(反叛)against the idea that people lose value as they age，instead of gaining it.I see gray hair as my “flag” and I'm letting it fly proudly. [语篇解读] 在文章开头，作者叙述了自己虽然头发变白但不再染发，从而受到别人的好评的经历，接着表达了自己对变老的看法。作者认为染发浪费金钱和时间，追求自然、重视因年龄增长而带来的智慧才是重要的。 1．How does the author feel about coloring hair? A．It shows people's great courage. B．It is a good way to hold onto youth. C．It shows wisdom and accomplishments. D．It costs much money and it takes much time to do that. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段，尤其是该段中的“It was expen sive and timeconsuming.”可知，作者认为染发花费很多时间和金钱。 答案：D 2．What should we do when we grow old according to the author? A．Give up our power. B．Pretend to be still young. C．Accept it and act positively. D．Read as many books as possible. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段，尤其是最后一句“I just wish more of us would feel that it is OK to be ourselves，because going gray has done more for me than saving me time and money.”和第六段中的“I should spend it doing what matters”以及第七
阅读理解之主旨题（解析版） 主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题分为标题类和主题类。 主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。 正确选项特征干扰选项特征 1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。 2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。 3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。1.过于笼统，不知所云 所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内 容。 2.以偏概全，主次不分 所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章 中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或 以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。 3.移花接木，偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放 在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。 4.无中生有，生搬硬套 所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经 过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的 内容毫无联系。 类型一标题归纳题
一、提问方式 ·The best title of the passage is ________. ·Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ·What would be the best title for the passage? ·The most appropriate title of the passage is ______. 二、解题必备知能 (一)理解标题的3大特点 一个好的标题应具备三大特点： 1．概括性——准确而又简短； 2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符； 3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。 (二)巧用3大方法确定文章标题 1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨； 2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项； 3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。 例子1 Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
考点分类练(八)主旨大意题——标题归纳类 A (2021·山东济宁一模) During a decline in tourism, one national park in Thailand has seen a dramatic rise in “visitors”recently. So many are the hermit crabs(寄居蟹) flooding into the otherwise empty beaches of Koh Lanta that shells for them to live in have become in short supply. The Thai government moved quickly to ease the housing shortage, launching a public appeal for empty shells that netted over 200 kg. On December 5 these were distributed around the park in a ceremony. Hermit crabs rely on shells to protect their soft bodies, moving to larger shells as they grow. On Koh Lanta and the surrounding smaller islands, their rapid increase seems to be a natural phenomenon, rather than directly related to the absence of tourists. But the shortage of shells may be man-made: pretty ones have long been gathered to be sold as goods. Crabs begun to make do with potential death-traps such as plastic caps and bottles. The shell drive is part of a government initiative to regain the balance of nature.“I have instructed all national parks to do whatever it takes,” says the minister for natural resources. His inspiration comes from the pause in tourism brought on by the epidemic. A ban on international visitors and the closure of national parks have helped nature recover, bringing endangered leatherback turtles back onto Thai beaches. In the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket, turtles have laid the largest number of eggs for 20 years. The government has decided to try to copy the policy during the epidemic in future. From now on, all national parks will be required to close for a short period during the off-season and to limit the number of tourists through a reservation system when they are open. Although such restrictions mean reduced earnings from tourism in the short term, in the longer run more parks may help to keep the tourists coming. 1.What happened to the beaches of Koh Lanta recently? A.They got flooded by seawater. B.They became completely empty. C.They were packed with hermit crabs. D.They saw a constant stream of tourists. 2.What contributed to the housing shortage for hermit crabs? A.Natural disasters. B.Human activities. C.Their preference for bottles. D.The government’s involvement. 3.Why are turtles mentioned in paragraph 4? A.To warn turtles are dying out. B.To prove beaches are their ideal habitats. C.To stress the ecological diversity of Thailand.
阅读理解题型分类练(七) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类 A [2022·高三湖北十一校第一次联考] As 16yearold Torri'ell Norwood drove through Florida, last February, the laughter and chatter from the four teenage girls inside her car quickly gave way to screams. As they approached an intersection, another car crashed them, sending their car sailing into the yard of a nearby home, coming to a stop only when it crashed into a tree. As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It's about to blow up! Get out！” Shaken but OK, Norwood crawled out thr ough the window as the driver's side door couldn't be opened.Along with two of her friends，who'd also managed to free themselves, she ran for her life. But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn't with them. Norwood ran back and found Simmons unconscious in the back seat. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out. She dragged Simmons a few feet to safety and laid her on the ground. After checking her pulse and found there was no sign of life, she started CPR. Had the accident happened a few weeks earlier, she might not have known what to do. But just the day before, Norwood, who wanted to pursue a career in medicine, had earned her CPR certificate by learning on her own. Kneeling on the lawn and looking down at her dying friend, Norwood knew she had precious little time to practice what she'd learned. She started pumping Simmons's chest with her interlocked fingers and breathing into her friend's mouth in the hope of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.After quite a while, Simmons began coughing and taking quick deep breaths for air. The CPR had worked! Soon, the ambulance arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital. And then she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I am not shocked，” Simmons told ot hers. “She will always help any way she can.” 1．What caused the car crash?
高考英语阅读理解专题指导主旨大意题 导语：主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深 层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某 一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。下面就由为大家介绍高 考英语阅读理解专题指导：主旨大意题，大家一起去学习吧！ 1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be. 2)The text (passage) could be entitled . 3)What is the best title for the passage? 4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 5) This passage chiefly deals with.6) What’s the topic of the article? 7) What is the subject discussed in the text? 8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned? The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is. The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is 这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，不少文章一开头便展示出 文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达 出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句 或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点 明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。 做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也 就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心 思想了。另外在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧 高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧 导语：高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点，二就是要大量的做题，以下是店铺为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，欢迎大家参考！ 阅读理解之主旨大意题 我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题，purpose题考了5题。 解题技巧 1.弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。 主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。 2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即 快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门： (1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。 (2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 (3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的`关键词。 (4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。 3.关于干扰项和正确答案。 (1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些(不完
专题十四阅读理解（主旨大意题） 阅读理解题型分类 主旨大意题的考查，要求学生通过阅读文章，抓住文章的主旨大意所在，在理解文章内容的基础上，找到文章大意或段落大意，主要考查学生归纳概括信息的能力。 主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以选择文章最佳标题(title/topic)，概括文章中心大意(main idea)、文章段落大意(topic)等形式出现。 主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要表现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全（只见树木不见森林），概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。
一、主旨大意题的分类 主旨大意题的分类及其常见设问形式 1. 标题概括类 做此类试题时，要注意标题的三个特性，即醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。 常见设问形式有： What is the best title for this passage? Which of the following is the best title of the passage? What can be a suitable title for the text? What might be the best title for the passage? The best title of the passage is ______. The suitable headline of the passage may be ______. 2. 文章大意类 每篇文章都有中心思想，可以通过找主题句来获取文章中心思想。主题句通常在首段或结尾段，但有时也会出现在文章的中间段落。因此，在阅读时要倍加关注文章的首段和结尾段及各个段落的主题句。 常见设问形式有： What is the main idea of the passage?
考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类 A (2021·山东淄博高三三模) For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment. The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming. The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars. Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind! As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars! 1.What does paragraph2mainly talk about? A.The information of industrial revolution. B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. C.The reasons of climate change. D.The result of extreme weather events. 2.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.We have made great achievements. B.Some measures are still required to take. C.Mars is suitable for people’s living. D.Some countries will receive urgent aid. 3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?