考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类
A
(2021·山东淄博高三三模)
For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.
The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.
The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.
Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind!
As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!
1.What does paragraph2mainly talk about?
A.The information of industrial revolution.
B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
C.The reasons of climate change.
D.The result of extreme weather events.
2.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.We have made great achievements.
B.Some measures are still required to take.
C.Mars is suitable for people’s living.
D.Some countries will receive urgent aid.
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
(P:Paragraph)
B
(2021·陕西高三下学期模拟)
Eating chocolate at least once a week could put off a heart attack, according to a new research. Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow, explained scientists.
Lead author Dr Chayakrit Krittanawong said,“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades. A total of 336,289 people reported their intake. Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.
Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love. Dr Krittanawong said,“Chocolate contains healthy nutrients such as flavonoids(类黄酮), polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.”
Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Dr Krittanawong said,“In the past, clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.”
Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart. Dr Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate was more beneficial—or if there was an ideal portion size. He said,“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease. But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.”
While it’s not clear how much is perfect, Dr Krittanawong warned people against overeating. He said,“Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities do not.”
4.What does paragraph2mainly talk about?
A.The result of the study.
B.The process of the study.
C.The participants of the study.
D.The intention of the study.
5.Which of the following can probably prevent blood flow?
A.A heart attack.
B.A stroke.
C.High-density lipoprotein.
D.Low-density lipoprotein.
6.What does the recent study tell us?
A.Chocolate is good for blood pressure.
B.Dark chocolate is beneficial for health.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ef19038693.html,k chocolate may also benefit the heart.
D.Chocolate contains special plant chemicals.
7.What’s Dr Krittanawong’s attitude towards chocolate’s preventing coronary artery disease?
A.Indifferent.
B.Hopeful.
C.Negative.
D.Uncertain.
C
(2021·辽宁高三3月联考)
Few people realise that it takes many volunteers for one young child to have a half-hour riding lesson.
I volunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Association (VTEA), close to the Washington State border. It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers—approximately eighty—to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children during the week. There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily... The list is endless.
To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, at times sinking into inches of black, sticky mud during the winter months. Usually, two volunteers groom(刷洗; 梳毛) the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where the lesson takes place. There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety, one on each side. Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.
Yet so many people willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age from two upwards, the children have varying degrees of mental disabilities. Some have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.
Throughout my past life as an accountant, a business author and speaker, I volunteered in many fields and many organisations. However, a terrible motor-vehicle accident changed my life in a split second when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard to accept a new “me”, until I discovered that I needed to do something that I have a passion for. I love horses, and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around. The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.
8.What is the main idea of paragraph2?
A.Horses for riding lessons are cared for carefully.
B.Horse-riding lessons bring children many benefits.
C.Volunteers have much to do for a horse-riding lesson.
D.Disabled children are taught horse-riding in a different way.
9.What does the author think of her voluntary work in VTEA?
A.Risky and thrilling.
B.Tiring but worthwhile.
C.Funny and enjoyable.
D.Demanding but fruitless.
10.What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph?
A.The accident transformed her thoroughly.
B.Volunteering has brought her a win-win result.
C.She’s never recovered from the injury.
D.She wasn’t interested in voluntary work before.
11.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Helping Children in Need
B.Surviving the Brain Injury
C.Volunteering: A Journey Back
D.Horse-riding: A Hard Lesson
考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因, 对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。
1.C解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的“The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic in nature.”可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。
2.B解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的“As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world.”可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。
3.D解析:推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是“总—分—分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述, D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明, 适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症, 促进血液流动, 有利于身体健康。
4.A解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.”和“Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.”可知, 本段主要介绍了Krittanawong博士新的研究结果。故选A项。
5.D解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的“Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke.”可知, 当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候, 它会造成动脉血管堵塞, 从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通, 最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D 项。
6.C解析:细节理解题。根据第五段的“... but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart.”可知, 最近的研究表明, 牛奶巧克力也能为心脏提供营养物质, 即牛奶巧克力可能对心脏也有好处。故选C项。
7.B解析:推理判断题。根据第五段的“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease.”可知, Krittanawong博士对“巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用”
是“充满希望的”。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者经历严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。
8.C解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的“To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, ... two volunteers groom the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where... There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety... Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.”这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述为了骑马课程, 志愿者需要做很多工作。故选C 项。
9.B解析:推理判断题。根据第一段的“It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers... to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children... There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily... The list is endless.”这些信息可知, 志愿者工作很辛苦、很累; 再根据第三段的“Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.”和最后一段的“The journey back has been painful but worthwhile.”可知, 她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。
10.B解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的“... and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around.”可知, 志愿者工作不仅能帮助孩子们, 而且让作者在发生车祸后无论是心态还是生活上都有了积极的改变。由此推知, 志愿者工作带来了“双赢”的结果。故选B项。
11.C解析:标题归纳题。根据最后一段的“The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.”可知, 是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己, 找回了自己, 志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此, C项“志愿者工作: 回归之旅”符合文章主旨, 是最佳标题。故选C项。
题型四主旨大意题 语篇出处：原创语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：学校生活 I was nine when I arrived at the Children's Home in Nashua, New Hampshire, in 1965. I failed third grade that year, barely made it through a second time, and had merely passed through fourth grade by the time I reached Pauline Jambard's fifth-grade class at Charlotte Avenue Elementary School. I believed I wasn't “smart” and popular like the other kids, and I hoped I could make it through fifth grade. Ms Jambard took an instant liking to me. Of all the subjects in school, reading was my favorite. She would tell me, “Terry, you keep reading. If you can understand what you're reading, you'll be smarter than most kids.” After I read all the books in our program, I started reading the classroom's set of Encyclopaedia Britannica. I couldn't find enough to read, and I started to really like school. That December, the children's home threw a Christmas party for family and community members. My brother and I had no family to invite. I still remember looking up and seeing Ms Jambard walk through the front doors of the children's home and I realized that she was there on behalf of my parent. That made me feel it was the best Christmas of my life. We have stayed in touch, and I call Pauline at least once a year. Because of the confidence she instilled (灌输) in me, I went on to have a successful career in engineering
主旨大意题专练(三)——段落大意类 A [2019·济南高三模拟] Can I talk about salary at work? In a word：yes. As the HR company Insperity put it in a recent blog post: Can your employees discuss their salaries or wages with their co-workers? Yes. Even if you have a company polic y against it? Yes. The freedom to discuss your salary at work is a protected right under the labor law. The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 protects your right to discuss the conditions of your employment, including issues related to safety and pay, even when you're not protected by a union. Talking about salary with colleagues can be uncomfortable, since there's such a taboo about discussing money matters, but it's an important step towards achieving equal pay for equal work. One barrier, however, stems from how we think of our own financial worth. Too many people I talk to wrongly consider their salary a reflection of their worthiness, a statement about their skills, experience, or value. At the end of the day, if we can all separate our sel f-worth from our salaries a bit more, it'll become easier to talk frankly with our colleagues. Asking about money outright can be tough, so one trick I've picked up along the way is to ask for your colleagues to confirm or deny. For instance, you might volunteer your salary first and ask “Does that sound right to you？” by way of comparison. Or, let's say you're interviewing for a promotion to become a manager. You might ask a fellow manager about the kind of salary you should expect by saying, “I'm se eing salaries for this kind of position ranging from $65,000 to $70,000 —does that seem accurate to you？” This way, even if your colleague isn't comfortable sharing their salary outright, they can help you identify if your expectations are appropriate. 体裁：议论文题材：社会生活主题：谈论薪金 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了是否可以在工作中谈论薪金的问题。 【熟词生义】volunteer 常用义：n.志愿者，义务工作者 例句：Schools need volunteers to help children to read.学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。 本句义：v.主动说出(某事)
2020届二轮复习阅读理解中主旨大意--段落大意题考查解读 【题型解读】 段落大意类题型多在说明文和议论文中进行考查，这类文章涉及多种话题如社会文化类、科普说明类等。设问形式常有： (1)What does the last paragraph talk about? (2)The main idea of the second paragraph probably is . (3)What is the main idea of the first paragraph? (4)The first paragraph is mainly about . 二、解题技巧——“首尾兼顾”知段意 首尾兼顾知段意 ↓ (1)段首：说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首句 ↓ (2)段尾：先表述细节，后归纳概括，段落中心在段尾 ↓ 关键点：抓住段落的主题句 ↓ (3)段中间：先用一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，再陈述主题，再论述细节，即引出主题→段落中心→再论述 ↓ (4)没有明显段落中心时，需概括段落内容，总结段落中心 例如： 【真题感悟】中第60题，根据文章最后一段第一句“Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending—‘bad’
tables，crowding，high prices—don’t necessarily.”可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子、拥挤以及高价等不一定会影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。 【课堂练习】 A Most of us have lost our wallet at some stage in our lives.But few would imagine having it returned after a nearly seven-decade gap.Edward Parker dropped his wallet in 1950 into an inaccessible spot behind a bookshelf，while working as an electrician，repairing World War Two bomb damage in the palace.The wallet stayed there until this year when a builder，doing some 1restoration work，finally found it. The wallet is a time capsule.Its leather and webbing has long ago started to disintegrate.But it contains numerous pictures of family，invoices(发票)，receipts，old union cards，results of a chest X-ray (sent to him in 1948，the same year as the NHS was founded)，a national service card dated 9 December 1944 and a medical insurance card.His business cards—E Parker，Electrical Contractor—seem almost original.Reflecting the typical methods of contact of the time，they have an address but no telephone number. A month ago I was speaking to a 8press officer at Lambeth Palace and he mentioned that the wallet had just been handed
专题强化练(五)——阅读理解之主旨大意题 (限时25分钟) 对应学生用书(单独成册)第113页 A (2020·郑州第二次质检)Something strange has been happening to me lately: Women in the street have been telling me I'm brave. My act of courage isn't much—I just stopped coloring my hair.I had brown hair that started going gray when I was 30.So，like a lot of women，I started dyeing(染)it.It was expensive and timeconsuming.And my hair grows fast，so I needed to go back to the hair salon(美发厅)every 5 weeks. Many people seem to enjoy holding onto their youth for as long as possible，giving others the impression that they don't have much wisdom or many accomplishments.But our hair starts to turn gray and suddenly we start spending $500 or more a year to cover something our male colleagues don't need to cover. Of course，people should do what they want to do with their own body—my mother is 91 and still has“blonde” hair，and why not？I just wish more of us would feel that it is OK to be ourselves，because going gray has done more for me than saving me time and money. I like my natural hair，just as it is.I like how it has got curly again.It is recovering after years of being damaged by chemicals.I also like that it has given me some needed attitude in a society that makes youth seem so important，while being against maturity.It reminds me that I'm not a kid anymore and this isn't a bad thing.Not being a kid anymore means I read the books I want，and not the books I feel I should read.It means not wasting my time at events I don't need to attend when I'd rather be with my family and friends. When I see my hair in the mirror，it's a reminder that my time is limited，and I should spend it doing what matters.There's nothing shameful about growing older.And pretending it's not happening is a way of giving up our power. I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion(反叛)against the idea that people lose value as they age，instead of gaining it.I see gray hair as my “flag” and I'm letting it fly proudly. [语篇解读] 在文章开头，作者叙述了自己虽然头发变白但不再染发，从而受到别人的好评的经历，接着表达了自己对变老的看法。作者认为染发浪费金钱和时间，追求自然、重视因年龄增长而带来的智慧才是重要的。 1．How does the author feel about coloring hair? A．It shows people's great courage. B．It is a good way to hold onto youth. C．It shows wisdom and accomplishments. D．It costs much money and it takes much time to do that. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段，尤其是该段中的“It was expen sive and timeconsuming.”可知，作者认为染发花费很多时间和金钱。 答案：D 2．What should we do when we grow old according to the author? A．Give up our power. B．Pretend to be still young. C．Accept it and act positively. D．Read as many books as possible. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段，尤其是最后一句“I just wish more of us would feel that it is OK to be ourselves，because going gray has done more for me than saving me time and money.”和第六段中的“I should spend it doing what matters”以及第七
考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类 A (2021·山东淄博高三三模) For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment. The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming. The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars. Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind! As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars! 1.What does paragraph2mainly talk about? A.The information of industrial revolution. B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. C.The reasons of climate change. D.The result of extreme weather events. 2.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.We have made great achievements. B.Some measures are still required to take. C.Mars is suitable for people’s living. D.Some countries will receive urgent aid. 3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类 A (2021·山东烟台一模) The paper, published in May by the Journal of Marketing Research, analysed purchases made from a single large European retailer and found that free shipping did encourage customers to buy more. But it also increased purchases of items that historically have higher return rates, such as clothing or products from lesser-known brands. Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased. In one part of the paper, during the typically four-week periods when free shipping was offered, online order volumes rose 11%. But when the cost of returns was compared with the sales proceeds(收入), the authors calculated that on balance the results for the promotion periods amounted to an average 0.7% loss. In one analysis that ran for two months, the researchers found that the return rate for customers who bought low-risk products—like office supplies, or products from well-known brands—averaged about 22%. In another analysis, the researchers attempted to better understand motivations of online shoppers by measuring their attitudes towards free shipping. They found two things were happening. First, consumers saw free shipping as compensation for taking a risk on a product. Second, feelings of gratitude for having shipping costs eliminated(消除) made them happy and thus more willing to make a risky purchase. Prof.Neslin advises companies to look at whether their own free-shipping promotions are profitable before they launch such campaigns. Also, he advises companies to identify which products get returned more often than others and try to provide customers with more information about those products, so they can make more informed choices. 1.What erased the profits according to the first paragraph? A.The risky customers. B.The European retailer. C.The returned items. D.The lesser-known brands. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A.Consumers risked purchasing a product when free shipping came along with it. B.Free shipping encouraged customers to buy products from well-known brands. C.Online order volumes rose only when free shipping was offered as compensation. D.Purchases of office supplies also increased during the typically four-week periods. 3.What is the passage mainly about? A.Low-risk products. B.Return rates. C.Increased purchases.
阅读理解技能保分练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意、段落大意类 A [2021·福州市质量检测]I never thought I'd hear myself say it, but I've grown to enjoy lifting weights, and I've learned something from doing it. I enjoy the sense of strength and discipline that comes when the muscles are forced to resist. I've tried varying schedules — lifting every day, every other day, two days on and a day off. The every day approach is the least effective. I get the best strengthening results when I give myself a break. The same is true with mind and spirit. Without giving a chance to reenergize yourself, you begin to break down all the connective fibers of your life. I used to just give myself Sundays off. Now I'm scheduling downtime in the midst of everything — and “everything” includes reading two magazines, building a house in Hawaii, working on an ABC movie — and, oh yeah, my day job. Keeping it all straight was beginning to feel a little stressful. So I told myself that just because I have ten free minutes on my calendar doesn't mean I want to fill them. Breathing space has to become part of my daily routine. So instead of having people lined up outside my office after the first show — I tape two a day — I do nothing for at least ten minutes. The change has worked wonders. I have more energy, and I'm in a better mood for the second show and all the business that comes afterward. Now that I have the summer off to sit under the trees reading, napping, writing, and thinking, I know for sure it's time well spent. I'm refilling my tank so that by fall, when the new season begins, I'll be fired up and ready for whatever is to come. Fully restored. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To arouse readers' concern. B．To summarize the whole passage. C．To state the importance of a good lifestyle. D．To introduce the theme of the whole passage. 2．Which of the following does the author agree with? A．Keeping everything straight. B．Resting at any time. C．Taking breaks between tasks. D．Having a full schedule. 3．What does the underlined “it” in Para. 2 refer to? A．Everything. B．Building a house. C．My day job. D．Working on a movie. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Lifting weights changes people's life. B．A little restoration helps go a long way. C．Why people need to be in high spirits. D．Ten minutes' break will work wonders. B [2021·青岛市期末考试]A lunch break — it's an important and often necessary part of our working or school day. And now we're spoilt (惯坏) with a lot of places to buy our lunch from, all offering attractive dishes and sandwiches to eat on the go. But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. Just grabbing a sandwich, crisps and maybe a cake and coffee can produce at least four
专题3 阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题 【构建知识体系】 主旨大意题考点1准确归纳标题考点2概括文章大意考点3总结段落大意 2021-2021年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考察分布明细统计 年份章节素材话题体裁 考点分布 主旨大 意 细节理 解 推理判 断 词义猜 想 202 1第一 节 剑桥科技节的活动 通知 应用文 1662旅鸽在美国逐渐减 少直至灭绝的过程 记叙文 向驯兽师学习如何 集中注意应对选择 障碍 议论文 学者对濒危语种进 展记录拯救 记叙文 第二 节 如何帮助孩子为未 来职业做准备 说明文信息匹配 202第一关于伦敦运河博物应用文0951
1 节馆每月专题讲座安 排的海报 作者离开寒冷的纽 约去美国南部度假 的感受 记叙文 介绍了在巴黎皮蓬 杜艺术中心举办西 班牙著名艺术家萨 尔瓦多·达利艺术 展的情况 记叙文 法国咖啡馆在现代 社会中彰显心理沟 通的社会功能，产 生了积极的意义。 议论文 第二节重建人际关系中的 信任的意义及措施 说明文信息匹配 202 1第一 节 主要介绍了四位著 名的女性的根本情 况。 说明文 1941主要介绍了社会上 很多老年人搬到离 子女近的地方居住 说明文
在丈夫丧失了自己 所有东西后，陌生 人无私的帮助使他 们重拾了对他人的 信任。 B以1970年地球日为突破口，讲述了 人类对于地球环境 的认识—由无知到保护。借专家之口讲述了美国40年来对环境保护做出的突出奉献。科普说明 文 C美国普遍存在的一种社会现象—对于 “aupair〔住家保 姆〕from China〞。透过现象提醒了本质—“Learing Chinese is becoming in 社会文化 类
阅读理解主旨大意题专练(三) 段落大意类 A (2017·烟台诊断) Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people, according to a study from Berlin, Germany. “Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents' health. This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species，〞 said Sonja Hilbrand, one of the researchers. The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70. Overall, after accounting for grandparents' age and general state of health, the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren, compared with grandparents who provided no childcare. Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasn't a relative. Half of all childless seniors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began, while nonhelpers lived for four years on average. “Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society. Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，〞 said Professor Bruno Arpino. Arpino noted, however, that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working, being in social clubs, or volunteering. “Child ren should take_into_account their parents' needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，〞 he suggested. “It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself, what ‘proper amounts of help’ mea ns，〞Hilbrand said, adding, “As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity (强度) of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.〞